BAHASA INGGRIS I

(TEKNIK INFORMATIKA/SISTEM KOMPUTER)

TIM PENYUSUN:
A.A. GEDE RAKA WAHYU BRAHMA, S.S., M.HUM
SANG AYU MADE KRISNADEWI NATALIA, S.PD., M.PD.
KOMANG TRISNADEWI, S.S., M.HUM

DENPASAR
AGUSTUS 2020
 TOPIC 4

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READING ACTIVITY 1

"Reading" is the process of looking at a series of written symbols and getting meaning
from them. When we read, we use our eyes to receive written symbols (letters, punctuation
marks and spaces) and we use our brain to convert them into words, sentences and paragraphs
that communicate something to us.
Understanding Reading

In English, reading is a compulsory thing that must be learned. Without reading, of

course it is very difficult to know the meaning in a text. Sometimes the English text contains a
large number of words. Even so, the large number of words is no reason not to want to read. If
you find it difficult to read, there are several ways and techniques you can use to read a text. In
addition, reading has various types that can be chosen to read a text.

Types of Reading

Intensive Reading

Intensive reading is reading several parts of a text. This means that you don't have to read the
entire sentence in the text. In intensive reading, it is hoped that you can gain knowledge and then
be able to analyze it. The purpose of intensive reading is to be able to read a short text and make
it easier to find information in the text. Intensive reading can also be used to develop greater
mastery in speaking and writing skills.

Extensive Reading

In extensive reading material, you can choose the lowest difficulty level from intensive reading.
The aim is to train them to be able to read directly in a very pleasant target language without any
help from someone. In this case the teacher only gives a text without giving assignments. This is
all done in order to read. In extensive reading, it is very important to avoid reading texts that are
too long. Reading texts that are too long can cause boredom.

Aloud Reading

Aloud reading is a way of reading out loud. Reading aloud is considered to have a very
important role in reading English. Teachers are required to know aloud reading teaching is given
at a major level. The goal is because this aloud reading activity is the basis for word
pronunciation. Aloud reading can be applied by asking someone to read and want to think hard
about the content of their favorite reading text.

Silent Reading

Silent reading or it can be interpreted as reading softly (without sound) is a very

important skill in teaching English. The purpose of silent reading is to improve reading skills and
to get a lot of information. Usually in silent reading, the teacher will ask someone to read softly
so that they read without any obstacles. Within a day a person is asked to spend 30 minutes
reading softly. And plus for 15 minutes to write what is gained during reading. For 45 minutes it
will force someone to understand what has been read.

Reading has many benefits for one person and for another. The benefits of reading are to enrich
information, insight and also increase knowledge. Reading readings in English will speed up
understanding of the language being studied. If your reading skills are very good it will
automatically improve your speaking skills. This is due to the increased vocabulary that is
mastered.

11. Types of Text in English with Examples and Structures

In conveying thoughts, there are two ways, namely oral and written. The style of
language and thoughts conveyed by the subject also varies according to the characteristics of the
subject itself. The thoughts that are put into writing will be more appreciated and recognized by
others because the thoughts written in the media will be eternal and can be passed on to the next
generation.
In addition, writing that contains thoughts shows the intellectual level of the subject which can
be seen from the choice of words, composing sentences into paragraphs, and the use of foreign
terms that have not been previously known.

In a written work, there are various words and sentences which are arranged into a paragraph.
Text in paragraphs can contain stories, news, or someone's experiences depending on the
background of the written work to be made. In English, there are several types of text that are
commonly used in written works. Each text has its own characteristics and structure.

Types of Text in English

There are several types of text that exist and are used in written English. The following is an
explanation of the types of text in English.

1. Descriptive Text

Descriptive is a text that contains the description of an object in detail so that the object is
real. The purpose of descriptive is to provide a detailed description of a person, object, or
situation so that it seems real to the reader. The descriptive text structure consists of.

• Identification: contains a general description of the object to be described.

• Description: contains a detailed description of the object that is described.

Examples of descriptive text

My Garden

I love gardening. I have a small garden in my backyard. In the garden, there are some flowers.
There are daffodils, Cambodian flowers, orchids, red roses and white lilies. My oldest daughter,
Annisa, is crazy about red roses. She always helps me watering the flowers in the afternoon. I
love all the flowers in my garden.
The identification in the example is a garden or garden and the description is that the garden is
full of flowers and is often watered by Annisa during the day.

2. Narrative Text

The next type of text in English is narrative. Have we ever read a story in a novel? The
story is in the narrative type. So the meaning of narrative text is a text that contains a story and a
story of an event that follows the writer's timeline. Narrative text is usually used as entertainment
for readers with events as if the events were actually experienced by the reader. The structure of
the narrative text is as follows.

• Orientation: contains an introduction to the story that will be lifted, usually with the characters
and other backgrounds.

• Complication: contains the main story of the story which is marked by the conflict that
occurred against the characters in the story.

• Resolution: the final part of a story characterized by conflict resolution.

• Coda: contains the conclusion of the story.

Example of narrative text

The Mouse And The Frog

Once, there was a mouse which made of close friendship with a frog.

One day, the frog said to the mouse; "Let's bind ourselves together with a string so that we may
never get separated". The mouse agreed. Both tied themselves together leg to leg. It went quite
well on land. When they came to a small pool, it was a tragic for the mouse.

In the end, the frog kept swimming across the small pool dragging the mouse with him. Soon, the
mouse drowned and floated on the surface of the pool.
The orientation in this example is that there is a mouse who is good friends with the frog.
Complication in the part when mice and frogs agree to tie themselves with a rope so they are not
separated. But it was unfortunate for the rats when they reached the pond. Resolution and coda
on the part of the frog that continues to swim across the pond while dragging the mice that have
floated on the surface.

3. Report Text

Report is text that contains information about what happens within a scope. The general
purpose of the report text is to provide an overview of events that have just happened through
systematic observation and analysis. The structure of the report is as follows.

• General classification: contains a general description of an incident.

• Description: contains a description of the event that you want to convey.

An example of report text is as follows:

Thunder Lightning

Thunder Lightning is a sudden, shocked, and very fast electric force between the cloud and
ground, or between clouds. The speed of thunder can be several miles long. It is so hot, with
average temperatures of 34,000 ° Celsius, that cause surrounding air suddenly expanding with a
loud explosion and sounds. This is why sometimes we can hearthund

4. Recount Text

A recount text is a form of text that is commonly used to recount past events. The main feature of
the recount text is the sentence that is past tense or past tense. The structure of the recount is as
follows.

• Orientation: an introductory paragraph containing an introduction and background of the

incident.

• Events: a paragraph containing events that the subject has experienced.

• Reorientation: contains conclusions from the events experienced.

Examples of text recounts can be seen in the following paragraphs:

School Holiday

On my fantastic school holidays I had a lot of things to do. First, I went to my best friend’s house
for a sleep over because my whole family went out. I also went to the cinema with my lover to
see movie. It was a very funny movie. The next morning I went to my grandparent’s house with
my dad and my brother. My mother did not join us because she had to do with her job activities.
On the second Monday I went to the cinemas again to see Monsters University. It was really
funny movie. My favorite character was Mike Wazowski. I went to see that movie with my mom
and my brother. When it came to Wednesday, Taylor came for a play and we had a picnic at the
park but after a while Tay had to go home earlier. That was a great holiday.

Orientation to sentences that describe the activities performed during the holidays. Then the
event in the paragraph is when telling the experience of sleeping in a friend's house and watching
a movie with the family. Then the reorientation is in the last sentence when Angelina arrives to
play and the subject feels her holiday is very enjoyable.

5. Procedure Text

Judging from the name of the text, we can be sure that the procedure text contains text
that explains the steps and ways to do something correctly. The structure in the procedure text
consists of.

• Aim: contains a description of the purpose of the process of making something.

• Materials: contains goods and objects used in the manufacturing process.

• Steps: contains the process and steps of making something.

Examples of procedure text can be seen in the following paragraphs:

How to Operate Computer

Aim:

To share how to operate computer correctly.

Materials:

A computer and a set of computer devices.

Steps:

How to Operate Computer itself consists of three stages, they are How to Turn On The
Computer, How to Operate The Computer itself and How to Turn Off The Computer.

How to Turn On The Computer

Before turning on the computer, there are several things to be aware of to make sure devices such
as keyboard, mouse, monitor and a power cable in a state of connected to the power supply and
make sure the PC is installed the Operating System. Here are the steps to turn on the computer:

• Press the power button on the CPU

• Push of a power button on the monitor

• Wait a few moments until the loading process window pops up windows and computer / PC is
ready for use.

How to Operate The Computer

After the computer restarts, the next process is to Operate Computers. So that you can more
quickly master the computer, then use the computer according to your needs and goals. If you are
a designer, you can use Design Software like Corel Draw, 3D, Adobe Photoshop and others to
better focus on the activity of your design. If you are a programmer, you can use Visual Basic, C
++, Java, PHP and others to support your work. If your learning objectives on the computer is
just for Typing, Sending E-Mail, Making Letters and other activities which support the work of
your office, then Microsoft office (Microsoft Word, Excel, Power Point, Access) and little
knowledge of the internet has a very quality to help you lighten your work.

How to Turn Off the Computer

To turn off the computer (Shutdown), there are several steps that must be considered as bellows:

• Close all the applications you use.

• Click the Start menu (XP) / Windows Logo (7) in the bottom left corner.

• Select Shutdown and wait a while until your computer is completely shuttled down.

• After the computer completely off, then press the button on the monitor and speakers, stabilizer
and other computer devices.

• After that, unplug it from the wall socket. Its aim is to save power and to anticipate the
occurrence of electrical short circuit.

6. Review Text

A review is a text that contains comments and evaluations on a particular item or product.
The structure of the text review is as follows.

• Orientation: contains an introduction to the goods or products,

• Interpretation: contains an assessment of the goods or products discussed.

• Evaluation: contains the author's evaluation and comments limited to the goods or products.

An example of a review text we can see in the paragraph below:

Norwegian Wood by Haruki Murakami

Orientation
I undoubtedly love the this novel Norwegian wood and it will always hold a special place in my
heart forever.

Evaluation 1

I have to say that I have been reading many novels, however, this was my favorite.

Evaluation 2

On the very first chapter, the story begun so playful, fresh, and desperately romantic. By the
chapters, the story narrated so great and made me feel so in love.

Interpretation

The novel entitled Norwegian Wood but it’s not about the real wood in somewhere of
Norwegian. However, the setting of place is in Japan, far away from Norwegian places. Indeed,
it’s something absurd to guess where the Norwegian wood is.

However, the novel must inspired by Rolling Stone masterpiece’s in the same title Norwegian
Wood. The song is the same absurd as the Norwegian Wood. Thus, it implies something deep,
dramatic, and touching sense that I can say it in words.

Summary

The “real” story about Norwegian Wood is because the first female character love that Rolling
Stone’s masterpiece. In the end of the novel, the Norwegian Wood novel being played by the
first male character.

7. Spoof Text

Spoof is a text that contains funny events or experiences that someone has experienced.
The structure of the spoof text consists of.

• Orientation: contains the introduction and opening of the story.

• Event: contains a description of the story experienced.

• Twist: contains the ending of the story.

Examples of spoof text can be seen in the paragraph below.

Jacky Wong got married with Lia Wong. Both of them had a white skin and straight hair. They
are really a well-matched couple. One year later, Wong family got a new baby. A nurse brought
them a son with curly hair and a black skin. The nurse congratulated and said, "What name will
you give to this son?" With a confused face, Jacky Wong grumbled, "Sum Ting Wong!"

8. Anecdote text

Anecdote text in English is a text to tell strange things that usually happened in the past.
Apart from that, anecdote text also serves to entertain readers through the story.

Generic Structure Anecdote Text

• Abstract: the beginning of the story of an event

• Orientation: start introducing the setting or setting of an event.

• Crisis: contains the odd thing that happened to the story.

• Reaction: begins to end the oddity that occurs.

• Coda: contains a conclusion or message in the story.

The Whole Word Stinks

By John C. Maxwell

Wise men and philosophers throughout the ages have disagreed on many things, but many are in
unanimous agreement on one point: "We become what we think about." Ralph Waldo Emerson
said, "A man is what he thinks about all day long." The Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius put it
this way: "A man's life is what his thoughts make of it." In the Bible we find: "As a man thinks
in his heart, so is he."

One Sunday afternoon, a cranky grandfather was visiting his family. As he lay down to take a
nap, his grandson decided to have a little fun by putting Limburger cheese on Grandfather's
mustache. Soon, Grandpa awoke with a snort and charged out of the bedroom saying, "This
room stinks." Through the house he went, finding every room smelling the same. Desperately he
made his way outside only to find that "The whole world stinks!"

So it is when we fill our minds with negativism. Everything we experience and everybody we
encounter will carry the scent we hold in our mind.

9. New Item text

News item text in English is text that presents new news with the aim of providing the
most updated information that occurs.

Generic Structure News Item

• Main event: contains headlines about something that happened.

• Background: contains where the event occurred

• Source: the source where the news comes from.

Three people have been killed and eight others injured in a hand grenade blast at a packed village
nightclub.

The explosion in Idvor, north of Belgrade, occurred at 2:30 a.m. Sunday (0030 GMT Sunday;
8:30 p.m. EDT Saturday) when a man activated the grenade at the entrance to the club. About
150 customers were inside at the time.
Such incidents aren't unusual in Serbia since the wars in the Balkans in the 1990s when many
hand grenades and firearms were taken home from warfronts.

Serbia's state TV says the man was angry because he and three of his friends were refused entry
by the club's security. He and one of his friends were killed in the blast.

This example of news item text is taken and arranged from

abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/killed-nightclub-blast-serbia-16484353

10. Descriptive Text

Descriptive text in English is text that is used to describe or describe an object / writing in
English.

Generic Structure Descriptive Text

• Identification: a brief description of the object that we will observe

• Description: a description of the object we observe.

Example of Descriptive Text

“The face of Elrond was ageless, neither old nor young, though in it was written the memory of
many things both glad and sorrowful. His hair was dark as the shadows of twilight, and upon it
was set a circlet of silver; his eyes were gray as a clear evening, and in them was a light like the
light of stars. " You can almost feel night gathering as you read that passage, from the gray of
evening to the appearance of the night sky, and the overall impression is one of great age despite
the claim of agelessness.

Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring by J.R.R. Tolkien (page 274)

11. Explanation Text

Explanation text in English is text that explains the occurrence of an event clearly and
completely, and in detail.
Generic Structure Explanation Text

• Tittle: title or theme that we will explain.

• Definition: the definition of the text.

• Description: a description of something that thing

• Process: describes the process that occurs.

• Application: contains the application or application.

The following is an example of the explanation text in English

How Does Rain Happen

We all know that rain is primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing
suitable condition for diverse ecosystems. Rain is water that descends from the sky through
several processes until the rain occurs. Do you know how does rain happen?

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of water circle includes the sun
heating the Earth's water surface and causing the water surface to evaporate. Earth's water
includes water from lake, river, and ocean. Then, the water vapor experiences condensation and
becomes condensed vapor. Condensed vapor is formed from droplets so that when the air
temperature is higher, it makes the droplets gather, condensed and formed into clouds. The
presence of windshelps clouds move and gather in other places that have lower temperatures. At
that time, the droplets become heavier and unstoppable and cause the droplets to fall so that there
is rain.

If the droplets drop in an area with very cold temperatures, the droplets will drop as snow.
However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is
called Virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.
References:

1. Nanda Widya9 (2017)M.Hum,caramudahbelajarBahasainggris,

2. Taradeparada (2017) 13 jenisteksBahasainggris,