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Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
BASIC CALCULUS
WEEK 1
LIMIT OF A FUNCTION
MELC: The learner illustrates the limit of a function using a table of values and the graph of the function.
(STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-1)
The learner distinguishes between limx →c
f (x ) and f (c ). (STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-2)
The learner illustrate limit laws. (STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-3)
The learner apply the limit laws in evaluating the limit of algebraic functions
(polynomial, rational and radical).(STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-4)
Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lessons, the learner is able to:
a. Illustrate the limit of a function using a table of values and the graph of the function.
b. Determine existence of limits
c. Evaluate limit of algebraic functions using limit laws.
INTRODUCTION
Things to Remember:
The limit of a function f (x) is the value it approaches as the value of x approach a certain
value. “As x approaches a , the limit of f (x) approaches L”. This is written in symbols as
follows: lim f ( x )=L
x→ a
One sided limit is the value (L) as the x value gets closer and closer to a certain value c
from one side only (either from left or from the right side). In symbols,
lim ¿ lim ¿
−¿ +¿
x→ c f (x)=L ¿ x→ c f (x)= L¿
Illustration: a. lim
x →2
7=7 b. lim
x →6
23=23
Illustration: a. lim
x →2
x =2 b. lim
x →6
x =6
3. The limit of a constant c times a function is equal to the constant c times the limit of the
function provided that lim f (x ) exists.
x→ a
lim c ∙ f ( x )=c lim f (x )
x→ a x→ a
4. The limit of the sum of two functions is equal to the sum of the individual limit provided
that the limit of each function as x → a exists.
lim [ f ( x )+ g ( x) ] ¿ lim f ( x ) +lim g (x)
x→ a x→a x→ a
5. The limit of the difference of two functions is equal to the difference of the individual limit
provided that the limit of each function as x → a exists.
lim [ f ( x )−g(x) ] ¿ lim f ( x ) −lim g(x )
x→ a x→ a x→ a
6. The limit of the product of two functions is the product of their limits provided that the limit
of each function as x → a exists.
lim [ f ( x ) ∙ g (x) ] ¿ lim f ( x ) ∙ lim g(x )
x→ a x→a x →a
7. The limit of the quotient of two functions is the quotient of their limits provided that the
limit of the divisor is not equal to 0 and the limit of each function exists.
lim f (x )
f ( x) x→ a
lim = provided that lim g ( x) ≠ 0
x→ a g( x ) lim g( x) x→ a
x →a
lim 2 x +5
2 x+5 x →2 2 ( 2 )+5 9
Illustration: a. lim = = =
x →2 x+ 3 lim x+3 2+ 3 5
x →2
lim 5 x+ 4
5 x+ 4 x →3 5 ( 3 ) +4 19
b. lim = = =
x →3 x+1 lim x +1 3+ 1 4
x→ 3
8. The limit of the nth power of a function is equal to the power of the limit of that function
provided that n is a positive integer and the limit of f (x) as x → a exists.
n n
lim [ f ( x ) ] = lim f (x)
x→ a [ x→a ]
3 3 3
Illustration: a. lim
x →1
(3 x+ 4) = lim 3 x+ 4 =( 7 ) =343
x→1 ( )
lim (4 x +9)2= lim 4 x +9 2=(−3 )2=9
b. x→−3 ( )
x →−3
9. The limit of the nth power of a function is equal to the principal nth root of the limit of that
function provided that n is a positive integer and the limit of the function is positive if n is
even.
lim √n f ( x)= n lim f ( x)
√
x→ a x→a
3 2 3 2
Illustration: a. lim √ x +4= lim x + 4 √
x →2 x →2
3 2
¿ √(2) + 4
¿ √3 4 +4
¿ √3 8
¿2
10. The f is a polynomial and c is a real number, then
lim f (x )=c
x →c
The limit of the function is not always equal to the value of f(c) of the function. If the
function is a polynomial function, then f ( c ) =lim f ( x).
x→ c
Illustrative Examples:
A. Limits from Tables and Graphs
Find lim
x →1
(x +4)
Solution: The arrow pointing at 1 indicates that x approaching 1 from the left side and from the
right side. This means that x can take on value less than 1 and values greater than 1. It cannot take 1 as a
value because it is approaching.
The first thing to do to find the limit of the given function is to construct the table of values.
Table 1:
x -2 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.99 0.999
f(x) 2 4 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.99 4.999
Table 2:
x 3 2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.01 1.001
f(x) 7 6 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.01 5.001
The graph is shown below.
In table 1, as the value of x that is less than 1 gets closer and closer to 1, the value of f (x) gets closer and
closer to 5. In table 2, as the value of xthat is greater than 1 gets closer and closer to 1, the value of f (x) gets
closer and closer to 5.
DEVELOPING
Exercises 1.1 Warm Up [8 points]
5. lim
x →0
f ( x )=¿ ¿
6. lim ¿
+¿
x→ 3 f (x)=¿¿
7. lim
x →3
f ( x )=¿
8. lim f ( x)=
x→−∞
ENGAGEMENT
Exercises 1.2 Independent Practice [5 points]
Evaluate the following limits.
4 3 2
1. lim ( 2 x −6 x + 3 x +4 x−12 )=¿ ¿
x →3
x 2−1
2. lim =¿ ¿
x →1 x−1
x 3−6 x 2 +10 x −4
3. lim =¿
x →2 x−2
2 x 2−5 x +7
4. lim
x →2 √
x −4
x 2+5
=¿
5. lim =¿
x→ 4 √ x−2
ASSIMILATION
Assessment 1.0 [5 points]
Multiple Choice. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Assume that the watermelon dropped from a tall building falls y=16 t 2 ft in t sec.
Find the watermelon’s average speed during the first 6 sec of fall.
a. 97 ft/sec b. 48 ft/sec c. 96 ft/sec d. 192 ft/sec
2
2. Determine the limit by substitution: lim √ x +14 x +49
x→ 4
a. 121 b. DNE c. ± 11 d. 11
x +12 x 2−5 x
3
3. Determine the limit algebraically, if it exists. lim
x →0 5x
a. 0 b. DNE c. -1 d. 5
x 2−4
5. Complete the table values. lim
x →2 x−2
Reflection
3-2-1
Three things I learned today.
1.
2.
3.
Two things I’d like to learn more about.
1.
2.
One question I have.
1.