DESIGNER Ms. Mery Ann M. Alday WEEK NO. /DATE Week 6 – Feb.

19-23, 2024
SUBJECT Mathematics GRADE LEVEL Grade 11

TOPIC/s
LIMITS OF EXPONENTIAL, LOGARITHMIC, AND TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
 Evaluate exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions
MOTIVATION
Entry Card
π π
1. 2 sin cos
4 3
π π
2.. cot cos
3 3
π π
3. tan cos
4 3
2
4. π
cos
6

INTERACT
In-depth discussion of the lesson

Real-world situations can be expressed in terms of functional relationships. These functional relationships are
called mathematical models. In applications of calculus, it is quite important that one can generate these
mathematical models. They sometimes use functions that you encountered in precalculus, like the exponential,
logarithmic, and trigonometric functions.
EVALUATING LIMITS OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

First, we consider the natural exponential function f(x) = 𝑒𝑥, where e is called the Euler number, and has value
2.718281....
Evaluate the following limits
x
a.) lim 2
x →3
x
lim 2
b.) x→−5
x
c.) lim
x→ ∞
2
x
lim 2
d.) x→−∞
Evaluate using the product rule of the laws of exponents.
x+2
1
lim ( ) Substitution:
x→ ∞ 2

lim 1
1 x x →∞
lim ( ) ∙
x→ ∞ 2 4
−x+3
lim 4 Substitution:
x→−∞

x
1
lim 64 ∙ lim
x→−∞ x→−∞ 4

Apply the limit laws:

x x❑
4 +3
lim x
x→ ∞ 2
Note: This is an indeterminate form. To circumvent this form, divide each term by highest power.
 4x
e +2
lim x 2x
x→−∞ e +e
2 x−3
lim (3 +5)
x→ 4
1
lim (125 2 x−7 +2)=f (5)
x →5
lim ¿ ¿
x →1
x
4 −1
lim x
x →0 2 −1

EVALUATING LIMITS OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Now, consider the natural logarithmic function f(x) = ln 𝑥. Recall that ln x = loge x. Moreover, it is the inverse
of the natural exponential function y = 𝑒𝑥.
For all positive real numbers c in the domain of y=log b x , lim ¿ ¿.
x→ c

- If b> 1, then lim log b x=∞ and lim ¿

+¿
x→ ∞ x→ 0 log b x=−∞ ¿

If 0 <b<1, lim log b x=−∞ and lim ¿

+¿
x→ ∞ x→ 0 log b x=∞ ¿
If x is any real number:
Theorem 1.9.1 x→+∞lim ¿+∞

Theorem 1.9.1 lim ¿ +¿

x→ 0 =−∞ ¿

lim ¿ ¿ lim1 ¿ ¿ lim log 3 (3 x 2+ 2 x−4 ¿ )¿

x→ 32 x→ x→ 4
6
Limits of Trigonometric Functions
Trigonometry established six important functions.
The sinusoidal trigonometric functions (y = sin x and y = cos x) are considered the most fundamental of all
trigonometric functions because all the other functions can be expressed in terms of these two functions.
Therefore, to evaluate the limits of trigonometric functions, you need to establish first of lim
x →c
sin x∧lim cos x.
x→ c

X 0 π π π π 3π 3π 5π π
6 4 3 2 4 2 6
y=sinx 0 1 √2 √3 1 √2 -1 1 0
2 2 2 2 2
y=cosx 1 √3 √2 1 0 −√ 2 0 −√ 3 -
2 2 2 2 2 1

1
Trigonometric identitiescsc=
sin
1
sec=
cos
1
cot=
tan
sin
tan=
cos

lim (cos 2 x )
π
x→
4
INVOLVE
Quiz
Evaluate the following limits
1. lim tan 𝑥
𝑥→0
 cosx
2. lim
sinx
π
𝑥→
2
3. lim 5 x+4 +6
𝑥→-9
4. lim [sin(x)+c0s(x)]
π
𝑥→
3
sin x
5. lim
3x
𝑥→0

cosx + x
6. lim
cos ( x ) +1
𝑥→ π
7. lim [ln x 4 ]
𝑥→−∞
8. lim [ x−lnx]
𝑥→0+¿
9. lim −8 e 3 x
1
𝑥→
3
10. lim −4−5 x+2
1
𝑥→
2

INTEGRATE
Graphs of trigonometric functions have different behaviors, and so do people. How can your
understanding of people’s behaviors towards a particular situation help you establish a harmonious
relationship with them?
INTELECTUALIZE
lim cos ¿
1. x→ π
2
lim sinx
2. x→π
cosx +1
lim [sin ( x )+ cos ( x ) ]
3. x→
π
3
lim sin ⁡( x)
4. x→0
3x
lim xcos ( x )+ x
5. x→π

cos ( x ) +1
REMARKS