MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Differential Calculus

Limits e x − e− x − 2 x
lim
Direct Substitution Method 2. x →0 x − sin x
Directly substitute the value at which the limit is to be found.
3− 5+ x Asymptotes
lim Find the horizontal, vertical and inclined asymptotes of the following
x →0 1 − 5 − x
1. functions.
t 2 + 5t + 6 2 x3 − 5 x 2 + x − 4
lim y=
2. t →0 t + 3 1. 4 − x2
x2 − 3
Factorization Method y=
Find a common factor for both the numerator and denominator so that 2. x3 − 1
the common factor may be cancelled and value of the limit will not be x3 − 3
y= 3
determinate after applying the direct substitution method. 3. x −1
1 − x −1 3
lim Basic Differentiation
x →1 1 − x − 2 3 1. Find the derivative of sin x using the limit definition.
1.
x3 + 7 x 2 − 36 2. Find the first derivative of the following function:
lim
2. x →2 x2 + 2x − 8 y = ( x − 1)( x 2 + x + 1)
3. Find the first derivative of the following function:
Rationalization Method 3 4
This method is used to eliminate radical signs that would result in either r −2  = 2 3 + 3 4
indeterminate or imaginary values if the direct substitution method is 2 3
directly applied. 4. Find the first derivative of the following function:
x s −1
lim
x →0 a + x − a−x f (s) =
1. s +1
1 − cos x cos 2 x
lim
2. x →0 x2 Derivatives at specified values
1. Find the value of the derivative of the following function at the
Infinity Method specified value.
∞
I. Form: (∞) . The function is written in the form of a rational function, f ( x) = x 2 + 9; x = 4
𝑓(𝑥)
, afterwhich both the numerator and denominator are divided by the 2. Find the value of the derivative of the following function at the
𝑔(𝑥)
specified value.
highest power of x then the following limit is used:
f ( x) = x ( x 2 − 4 x + 5 ) ; x = 2
4
1
lim ( 𝑛 ) = 0, 𝑥 > 1
𝑥→∞ 𝑥

Implicit Differentiation
II. Form: (∞ ± ∞) . The function is written in the form of a rational 1. Find dy/dx if
function by means of rationalization then the following limit is used:
1 y 2 = x 2 + sin xy
lim ( ) = 0, 𝑥 > 1 2. Find dy/dx if
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑛
Note: x2 ( x − y ) = x2 − y 2
2

∞ :𝑥 > 1
0 :0 < 𝑥 < 1 Higher Order Derivatives
lim 𝑥 𝑛 = {
𝑥→∞ 1 ∶𝑥=1
1. Find the fourth derivative of the following function:
𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 : 𝑥 < 0
y = −2sin x

( x + 1) + ( x + 2) + + ( x + 2012 ) 2. Find the second derivative of the following function:

10 10 10

lim 1
x → x + 2012
10 10 y = cot ( 3x − 1)
1. 9
lim x 2 + 2 x − x 3. If xy + y2 = 1, find the value of the second derivative at the point
2. x →
(0, -1).

L’Hopital’s Rule (Only applicable when the function is Basic Applications: Motion Problem
indeterminate) 1. Lunar projectile motion. A rock thrown vertically upward from the
surface of the moon at a velocity of 24 m sec (about 86 km/h) reaches
If f(a) = 0 and g(a) = 0 or f(a) = ∞ and g(a) = ∞, then a height of s = 24t – 0.8t2 meters in t sec.
a. Find the rock’s velocity and acceleration at time t. (The
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓′(𝑥) 𝑓′′(𝑥)
lim = lim = lim =⋯ acceleration in this case is the acceleration of gravity on
𝑥→0 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→0 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑥→0 𝑔′′(𝑥)
the moon.)
Until the indeterminate form is removed. b. How long does it take the rock to reach its highest point?
c. How high does the rock go?
xe x − log(1 + x)
lim
1. x →0 x2
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Differential Calculus

d. How long does it take the rock to reach half its maximum 3. Find the equations of the tangent and the normal of the curve
height? at the point indicated: 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 2𝑒 −𝑡 at t=0.
e. How long is the rock aloft?
Curvature
Basic Applications: Tangent and Normal Lines In rectangular form: In parametric form:
1. Find the lines that are (a) tangent and (b) normal to the curve |y′′| [f′ g′′ −f′′g′]
K= K=
at the given point. 3
[1+(y′ )2 ]2 2
(f′ +g′ )2
2
3

x2 + y 2 − 2 y + 6 x − 7 = 0; F = (−2,5) In polar form:

r 2 + 2r′2 − rr ′′
K= 3
Basic Applications: Critical Points [r 2 + (r ′ )2 ]2
1. Find the critical points for the given function
1
y = x3 + x 2 − 3x Radius of Curvature: 𝜌 = 1/𝐾
3 1. Find the radius of curvature and the coordinates of center of
curvature of the curve of 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36 at the point (0, 2).
Maxima and Minima Applications (Optimization) 2. Find the radius of curvature of the curve of 𝑥 = sin 𝑡 −
𝜋
1, 𝑦 = 2 cos 𝑡 + 3 at 𝑡 = 2 .
Steps in solving maxima minima problems:
I. Express the quantity to be maximized in terms of a single variable Curvilinear Motion
function. 1. At any instant, the horizontal position of a weather balloon is
II. Differentiate the function determined in 1 and set the derivative equal defined by 𝑥 = 2𝑡, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. If
to zero. the equation of the path is 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 /10, determine the
III. Solve for values of the variable and check if they maximize or magnitude of velocity and acceleration when t = 2 seconds.
minimize the quantity. 1
2. A particle moves along the curve 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 2 with a constant
1. A box is to be made of a piece of cardboard 17 x 10 in. by speed of 5 feet per second. Find the tangential and normal
cutting equal squares out of the corners and turning up the components of acceleration as the particle passes through the
4 8
sides. Find the volume of the largest box that can be made in point (3 , 9).
this way.
Partial Differentiation
2. Given the circle having the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9, determine 1. For a multivariable function 𝑧 = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 +
the shortest and longest distance from the point (4,5) to a point 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
on the circle. sin 𝑥𝑦 2, determine 𝜕𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜕𝑦
.

3. Determine the volume of the largest right circular cylinder that 2. If 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3, determine the total differential of u.
can be inscribed in a right circular cone of radius 5 cm and a
height of 12 cm. Applications (Error Approximation and Solid Analytic Geometry)
1. A closed metal container is in the shape of a right-circular
cylinder has a height of 6 cm and 2 cm for its radius. Due to
Time Related Rates
production error, the height became 6.1 cm and the radius was
1. Two cars, one going due east at the rate of 90 km/hr and the
other going south at the rate of 60 km/hr, are traveling toward reduced to 1.9 cm. Determine the approximate change in the
an intersection. At what rate are the cars approaching each volume of the container.
other at the instant when the first car is 0.20 km and the second
car is 0.15 km from the intersection. 2. Find the equation of the tangent plane and normal line to the
2. A ladder of length 30 ft that is leaning against a wall has its ellipsoid 4x2 + y2 + z2 = 36 at the point (2, 2, 4).
upper end sliding down the wall at the rate of 0.5 ft/s, how fast
is the angle formed by the ladder and the ground changing
when the upper end is 18 ft above the ground?
3. A water tank in the form of an inverted cone is being emptied
at the rate of 6 m3/min. The altitude of the cone is 24 m with a
radius of 12 m. Find how fast the water level is lowering when
the water is 10 m deep.

Parametric Equations
1. Find a cartesian equation of the graph of the parametric
equations
a. 𝑥 = 2 cos 𝑡 and 𝑦 = 2 sin 𝑡 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝜋
b. 𝑥 = 2𝑡 − 3 and 𝑦 = 4𝑡 − 1

2. Given the parametric equations:

𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 6𝑡 2 + 5
Find the slope of the curve at t = 2.