Problem Set #1 Solution

Review of Electromagnetic Fields

Question #1.1

a) Express the vector 1 ( z , t )  10 cos(10 t  10 z  60 ) aˆ x in phasor form.
8 o
A

b) Express the vector Bs ( x, y )  e (aˆ x  aˆ z ) sin(y ) in instantaneous form.
jx


c) Express the vector 2 ( x, t )  2 sin(10t  x   / 4) aˆ y in phasor form.
A

Solution
Refer to Examples 1.1 and 1.2 in the lecture notes
Answer: 
A1s ( z )  10 e j ( 60 10 x ) aˆ y
o
a)

b) B( x, y, t )  sin(y ) cos(t  x)(aˆ x  aˆ z )

c) A2 s ( x)  2e j ( x 3 / 4 ) aˆ y

Question #1.2
a) Write the four Maxwell’s equations in point or differential form.
b) If the field quantities are time harmonic express the above equations in phasor
form.
c) Considering electromagnetic waves, in free space, or sourceless (ρv = 0, J = 0 and

 = 0). If this electric field intensity, E is given by:

E ( z, t )  0.25 cos(x10 9 t  10 .45 z ) aˆ x V / m
Determine the following:

i) The phasor representation of the electric field, E .

ii) The magnetic field intensity, H associated with the wave in both phasor and
time domain representations.

| Es |
iii) The intrinsic impedance of the free space, , defined as    []
| Hs |
Constants:
 o is the permittivity of free space (o= 8.854 x 10-12 = (1/36) x 10-9 F/m).
 o is the permeability of free space (o= 4 x 10-7 H/m).

Solution
a) The Maxwell’s equations in point or differential form are:
 
 B   D  
xE   xH  J   .D  v .B  0
t t
b) When the field quantities are time harmonic then these equations in phasor
form are:
       
xEs   jBs xH s  J s  jDs .Ds   v .Bs  0

c) i) The phasor representation of the electric field, E is determined as follos:
Step #1: Write the exponential notation or equation as:

E ( z , t )  Re[ 0.25 e j (x10 t 10.45 z ) ]aˆ x V / m
9

Step #2: drop Re and suppress e jx10 to obtaining the phasor:

9


Es ( z )  0.25 e  j10.45 z aˆ x V / m
ii) Apply the Maxwell's equation for time-varying Harmonic fields to get:
   
xE s   jBs  xE s   jH s
So
aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z
      
xE s    0aˆ x  0.25( j10.45)e  j10.45 z aˆ y  0aˆ z
x y z x y z
E x E y Ez 0.25 e  j10.45 z 0 0
 
xE s   jH s  0aˆ x  0.5( j10 .45)e  j10.45 z aˆ y  0aˆ z   j ( H x aˆ x  H y aˆ y  H z aˆ z

2.61
jH y  0.25( j10.45)e  j10.45 z  H y  e  j10.45 z and H x  0 and H z  0


The magnetic field intensity, H in phasor is given by:
 2.61  j10.45 z
Hs  e aˆ y

From the equation, the frequency f = 5x108 Hz = 0.5 GHz and µ = µo = 4x10-7,
so:
 2.61
H s ( z)  e  j10.45 z aˆ y  0.66e  j10.45 z aˆ y mA / m
x10 x 4x10
9 7


The magnetic field intensity, H associated in time domain is.

H ( z , t )  0.66 cos(x10 9 t  10.45 z )aˆ y mA / m
c) The intrinsic impedance

|E | 0.25
  s   377 or 120 []
| Hs | 0.66 x10 3

Question #1.3
Considering electromagnetic waves, in free space, or sourceless (ρv = 0, J = 0 and  =
0). If this magnetic field intensity, H is given by:

H ( z , t )  2 cos(x10 9 t  10 .45 z ) aˆ x mA / m
Determine the following: 
a) The phasor representation ofthe magnetic field intensity, H .
b) The electric field intensity, E associated with the wave in both phasor and time
domain representations. 
| Es |
c) The intrinsic impedance of the free space, , defined as    []
| Hs |
Solution
Refer to Question 1.2.