Life and Works of Rizal
Sacramento woke up in Beno Nevada
Chapter 4
Higher Education and Life Abroad
Second Travel Abroad
 He stayed 6 months but failed to visit Leonor Rivera
in Pangasinna
 It is because his father strongly opposed, sensing
that the visit would put Leonor’s family in jeopardly.
Lesson from the Text
 Very obedient son to his father
 Considers consequences that might come up from
the wrong decisions.
Second Travel Abroad
 In Hongkong and Japan
 Feb 3, 1888 – Hongkong onboard ‘Zapiro”
 Stayed in ship on its short stop at awooy.
 Stayed in Victoria Hotel and visited nearby city
Macao for two days with friends Jose Maria Basa
In Hongkong and Japan
 Experienced firecracker laden Chinese New Year
and marathon lauriat party (numerous dishes being
served)
 Feb 28, 1888
 Leave Hongkong reached Uokohanama, Japan
In Japan
 Stayed in Spanish Legation upon invitation of Juan
Perez Cabllero (still apart of Rizal’s surveillance by
Spanish authorities)
 March 1888 heard ban playing nice European music
and found out later some of the players are Filipinos
 Catched Rizal’s interest by a 23 yro old O-Sei-San
passing by the gate of legation everyday
 She became sweetheart, tutor (Japanese language
and painting) and tour guide
Sail to the West
 He left Japan and O-SEI-SAN with heavy heart but
his mission is more important
 Boarded ‘BELGUC’ April 13, 1888
 Befriended Tetcho Suehiro, Japanese novelist and
Human rights fighter who was forced to leave by his
government and served as his interpreter
 April 28, 1888 Belgic arrived in San Francisco,
quarantined for a week for alleged Cholera
outbreak from the origin of travel but found out
there is race disormination
 May 6, went to Oakland by train, evening Mel in
 May 13, visited Utah, Colarado, Nebraska, Illinois,
and New York
 Bedloe Island, seen statue of liberty (symbol of
freedom and democracy)
In Great Britain, Paris and Spain
 May 16, 1888 onboard city of Rome for Liverpool,
arrived May 14
 A day after reached London and stayed briefly at Dr.
Antonio Ma. Regidor’s House
 Boarded at beckett residence, where the daughter
of the landlord gettie or Gertrude, his sweetheart,
served him lovingly.
 June 1888 made friends with Dr. Bendhold Rest and
family expert in Malayan language with a good
Filipiniana library in his house and called Rizal ‘ A
pearl of a man’
 In London, manually copied and annotated Morga’s
successos de las islas Filipinas (rare Book) found in
british museum.
 Become honorary president of Solidaridda
Association
 Wrote articles for the La Solaridad newspaper
 He had short visits while in London of Paris, Madrid
and Barcelona
 He met Marcelo H del Pilar first time in Spain A
renowned member of the propaganda movement
 Propaganda (Solidaridad Organization) a patriotic
socio political organization founded in 1872
Filipinos who had settled in Europe
 Members are mainly Filipino Liberal Exilled in 18972
and students studying in Europe’s universities at the
time
 Also considered a cultural and literal organization
and had publication ( La Solidaridad )
Primarily aimed to bring Spain’s attention, the real need
of its colony Philippines
Among others they specifically advocated
A. Recognition of Philippines as a province of Spain
and Phil representation ijn the Spanish
parliament
B. Secularization of Phil parishes and clergy
C. Equality between the Spanish and Filipino esp in
entering government service
D. Establishment if government
E. Abolition of the ‘Polo’ ( forced labor ) and
Vandala (forced sale of local products to the
government )
 F. Recognition of human rights and freedom esp
the freedom of speech and association
 The Propaganda movement was branded as
assimilationist
 Assimilationist stand in Rizal’s time as mainly to the
advocacy to have the Phil be treated as one of the
Spain’s provinces
 Rizal and Del Pilar surely inspired the establishment
and mission of Andres Bonifacio’s revolutionary
society
In France
 Leave London for good, went to Paris (March 1888)
 Live in the house of Valentin Ventura then
transferred to a little room with two Filipino
roommates
 In Paris, Rizal frequented the bibliotheque national
working on his annotation of sucesos
 Spent his spare time in houses of friends
 Seen eifel tower and universal exposition
 Formed kidlat club to bring together Filipinos
witnessing the exposition
 Organize indios bravos envisioning Filipinos being
recognize for their admirable skills in many fields
 Formed mysterious rebencion de los malayos,
aimed to propagate useful knowledge
 Finished his annotation of the succesos
In belgium
 After 1889 Yuletide in Paris, Rizal visited in London
fo the last time with Jose Albert
 Went to Bryussels, Jan 1890, stayed in Jacoby
sisters boarding house and met Suzzane niece of
the landladies
 Rizal busied himslef writing fill and contributing for
La Solodaridad using dimas alang ang laong laan as
pen names.
 Decided to go home when he recieved news about
Calamba Agrarian trouble becoming worse
 Letter from Paciano advised him not to go home
but to depend their case in Madrid
In Madrid
 August 1890, with lawyer Marcelo Del Pilar, tried to
seek justice for his family but can not find anyone
who could help them
 Met and causeled edilverto evangelista to take
engineering because he see some potential in him
 Many advertisies and tribulations encountered in
Madrid
 His family was force to live Calamba and some even
deported to far places
 Dared in two duels from Wenceslao Retana for
rumors that Rizal family was not pating its land rent
 Another duyel with Antonio Luna giving negative
comments to Nellie Bousted
 Heard news from L:eonor Rivera’s marriage to
english man Henry Kipping, the choice of Leonor
mother
 Factions in the election for leadership in Asociacion
Hispano Filipino. He decided to leave Madrid to
avoid more serious problems
In Biarritz, Paris and Brussels
 Took more than 1 month actiuon in tourist town a
Biarritz France
 Stayed in Bousted as guest and romantically linked
with Nellie
 Cintinued and completed his work and his fill
March 29 stayed with Valentin Ventura and met
Suzanne Jacoby
 Revised and prepared Fili for printil till end of May
June looking for printer
In Ghent
 Went to Ghent for cheaper printing of Fili July 1891
 Lived with Jose Alejandrino and engineering
student to economize
 Publisher F Meyer-Van Loo press agreed to print
Fili on installment basis
 Rizal ran out of funds, hima and Fili was printed
Sept 18, 1891 printing has to be suspended on
August 6, Ventura saved
In Hongkong and Sandakan
 October 1891 Rizal left Europe for Hongkong on
board ‘Melbourne’ on which began writing 3 rd but
unfinished novel
 Arrived in Hongkong Nov 1891 resided and put up
a clinic with spelled back adress for safety
portuguese friend, Dr. Lorenzo helped him to get
many Patros.
 Celebrated Yuletide season with family and
successfully operated his mother eyes
 March 1892 he went to Sandakan (now sabah) to
negotiate with british authoirities concerning
founding colony Filipino
 Asked Gov Gen Eulogio Despujol through letter to
allow landless Filipino esp deported Calamba
tenants to establish life in borneo then back in
Hongkong
Second Homecoming
 June 21, 1892 left Hongkong for home to see
Despujul for Borneo colonization project not
knowing he is being under surveillance by Spanish
Authorities Rizal and sister Lucia got his father
pardon and advised to comeback june 29
 Took advantage of the time, visited his relatives in
Manila and visited his friends in central luzon
 Rizal project of Borneo was projected but his
request to lift excile of sister was granted evening
of July 3
 Meeringt in Doroteo Ong Juncon on Ylaya Street,
Tondo attended with at least 20 Filipinos including
Andres Bonifacio and Apolinario Mabini
 Explained the aim of La Liga Filipina, elected
officers, Ambrocio Salvador as president
 3 days after meeting Rizal arrested while having
meeting with Despujul showing him evidences of
his anti-friar leaplets
 Imprisoned 10 days in Fort Santiagio then July 14
onboard steamer ‘Cebu’ to Dapitan, Zamboanga
Del Norte Handed to him to local comandant,
Ricardo Carnicero
Life and Works of Rizal
Chapter 5
Exile, Trial and Death
Bittersweet Life in Dapitan
 Rizal could havee stayed in Dapitan parish convent
had he retracted his anti-catholic pronouncements
and made a general confesion of his past life
 He was not willing to accede. Instead opted to live
at commandant captain Ricardo Carnicero
residence (Casa Real)
 They become good friends that the exile did not
feel that Rizal is on guard
 Sept 1892 Rizal, Carnicero and Equilor bought
lottery ticket No. 9736 1/3 each shared the
payment of ticket
 They won 2nd price of 20,000 pesos and they shared
this amount
 The money came at the right time for Rizal needed
fund to start his life in Dapitan
 Bought a 10 hectires of land near coast of Barrio
Talisay near Dapitan
 Pot up 3 houses made of bamboo, nipa nad wood
A. He lived in 1 of the houses
B. Barn for chicken
C. Served as school for his pupils
 Established a school to teach practical subject;
reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, spanish
and english languages
Bittersweet Life in Dapitan - Daily Life as an Exile
 Later, constructed additional huts to accommodate
recovering out of town patients
During his Exile
 Practiced medicine
 Tought some pupils (started 3 letters to 20) who
helped him work in the farm
 Engaged in farming and horticulture
 Grew many fruit trees
 Domesticated some animals
Bittersweet Life in Dapitan - Rizal and the Jesuits
 First attempt of friars to win Rizal back to catholic
fold was to offer him to live in Dapitan convent
where priest Antonio Obach is the parish priest
with some conditions which Rizal did not confirm
 After a month of Rizal’s deportation. The Jesuit
assigned to Dapitan his favorite teacher in Ateneo
priest Francisco De Paula Sanchez still he was not
convinced
 Priest Pablo Pastells, superior Jesuit society in the
Phil also made some attempt by correspondence to
win Rizal back to Catholicism
 They exchanged letter 4 times (Sept 1892 to April
1893) to no avail
Bittersweet Life in Dapitan - Achievements in Dapitan
 Rizal provided significant community services to
Dapitan
A. Improving town’s drainage and constructing
better water system
B. Taught townfolks about health ans sanitation
to avoid spread of diseases
C. With priest friend Sanchez made a huge map
of Mindanao in Dapitan plaza
 Made the forest by providing trails, strairs and
benches
 Invented wooden machine for mass production of
bricks
 Using bricks produce built a water dam for
community with the help of his students
 As town doctor equally treats all patients
regardless of economic statues and their different
kind of diseases. Even accepted goods as fess some
even for free
 Also helped farmers livelihood by trading their
crops to Manila
 Gave lessons in abaca weaving to produce
hammocks
 Taught fathermen better techniques like weaving
better fishing nets
Bitterswett Life in Dapitan - As a Scientist and
Philologist
 Duirng some archileological axcavation
 Provided taxonomy for Dapitan’s forest its rich
flora and flauna and sea creatures
 Sent various biological specimens to scientist in
Europe like his friend Dr. Adolph B. Meyer in
Dresden. In return sent him books and some other
academic reading materials.
 3 elected specimers he sent to Europe were named
after him:
A. Rhacoporus rizali - Dapitna frog
B. Apogonia Rizali - type of peetle
C. Draco rizali - flring dragon
 Learned Visayan language and engagde himself in
the study of language, culture and literature
 Examined local folklores, customs, tagalog
grammar and malay language. All these intelectual
products of his were sent to European
academicians like Dr. Reinhold Rost his philologist
friend in London
Bittersweet Life of Rizal - The Spies and Secret
Emissary
 To prove the enmies allegations of Rizal being
seperatist and insurgent they sent spies
1. Matias Arietta - disturbed by his conscience
because Rizal had trearted him, he revealed
his mission on spying Rizal
2. Pablo Mercado - introduced himself as
relative - upon interoggation of Rizal turned
out his real name was Florencio Nanaman of
Cagayan de Misamis paid as secret agent by
the recollect friars
 Despite his diplicity Rizal let him stay in his house
until the rain stopped
 In June the next year not a spy but an emissaru
came Dr. Pio Valenzuela disguised as a companion
of a patient
 He was sent by Andres Bonifacio asking him to lead
the revolution. Rizal politely refused to approve the
uprising telling Filipinos are not ready for bloody
encounter but suggested instead of a peaceful
means
 Ro seek wealthy Filipinos to support if they decided
for a revolution
Bittersweet Life in Dapitan - Visited by Loved Ones
 He learned the death of Leonor Rivera
 His mother and sisters visited him and stayed with
him in his house. Successfully operated his
mother’s catarac
 Sisters Maria dn Narcisa along with osns and
Daughters and stayed in Dapitan to study and lived
with their uncles
 In 1895 another left Dapitan to be with his father
who was getting weaker
 Shortly after mother’s departure Josephine
Bracken came to Jose’s life. They fell in love at sight
and were not able to be wedded in church because
of Rizal’s refusal to retract
 Lived as common law husband and wife and has a
son named after Don Francisco, born prematurely
and died a few hours after birth
Bittersweet Life in Dapitan - Goodbye Dapitan
 In 1895 Blumentrit informed that revolution ridden
Cuba need physicians to attend to war victims and
disease stricken people
 He wrote to Gov Ramon Bianco volunteering to
served in Cuba no reply received so he lost interest
in his request
 In July 1896 Rizal recived letter from Bianco
sanctioning his petition in Cuba. Made immediate
preparation setting and giving
From Dapitan to Trial in Fort Santiago
 Many signifgicant events happened during Rizal’z
trip from Dapitan to Manila
 July 31, 1896 onboard Espana to Manila, made
some stop over in variious areas
1. Dumaguete - visited some firends and cured
guardia civil captain
2. Cebu - carried out 4 operations and gave out
prescripstions to many other patients
3. Iloilo - saw the historical Mactan Island, wentr
shopping impressed by the Molo church
 Sailed to Capiz, to Romblon and finally to Manila
In Manila
 Arrived in Manila August 6 after the isla de panay
which is to carry Rizal had left for Spain
 This made him stay in Manila until the next
steamer arrived
 As the stremer approached
 there was an attemp to Rizal, Emilio Jacinto, who
disguised as crew and Guillermo Masangkay who
circled the ship up to when the ship docked at
Manila Bay
 Both were refused by Rizal
 Afraid thet his one month stay onboard might bring
him troubles, he requested the governor generel
that he be isolate from everyone except from his
family in turn government transferred him near
new mignight same day to cruiser Castilla
 August 19 katipunan revolt was discoverred bu
authorities through confession of Teodorro Patino
to Augustinian Cora of Tondo Mariano Gil
 Because of discovery Katipunan decided to
immedietely begin the armed revolt. As a sign of
their commitment, they tore their cedulas (Cry of
Balintawak)
 Katipunna fisrt major assults happened August 29
and 30
 Because of this bloody encounters of Katipunan,
Governor General proclaim a state of war in Manila
and 7 other nearby provinces
 August 30 Gov Gen clearing Rizal of any connection
with the revolt to the spanish minister of war and
minister of colonies and tranported to Isla de
Panay ship on September 2
Going to Spain
 Isla de Panay left for Barcelona the next day
 Arrived in singapore Sept 7 urged by co passengers
to stay in British controlled colonies for his safety
 Trusting Bianco’s word. Rizal refused not knwoing
that there are exchanges of telegram planning his
arrest upon reaching Barcelona
 Stop over in Port Said Egypt Rizal already have
suspected thet he was already associated with the
revolution by being aloof of other passengers to
him. Wrote to Blumentrit that there is an order to
arrest him\.
 Sept 30 before reaching Malta, he was officially
ordered to stay in his cabin until further orders
form Bianco came
 Turn of events upon boarding he was a passenger
then a prisoner
 Still on board, anchored in Barcelona Oct 30 he was
placed under heavy guard by General Eulogio
Dewspujol (the General who deported him in
Dapitan)
 Early morning Oct 6 he was tranported to Monjuich
prison fortness
 In the afternoon he was brought to Despujol who
told him he was to ship back to Manila in the
evening
 Taken aboard ship ‘Golon’ together with many
Spanish soildiers and their families. They have
orders not to go near ot talk to him
 He was locked up and handcuffed before reaching
any port
Last Homecoming
 Arrived as prisoner in Manila. November 9, 1896
 Detained in Fort Santiago (as before 4 tears ago)
 Some of his friends, acquaintances, members of La
liga and even his btother Paciano were tortured
and forcibly questioned just to gather evidences
against Rizal
 Rizal underwent a series of interrogation and
preliminary investigations by one of the judges
Colonel Francisco Olive
 Olive the one who led the troops that force the
Rizal family to vacate their Calamba home in 1890
 15 peices of documentary evidence was presented
against Rizal
 Olive submitted the report to Bianco (who refused
to implicate Rizal earlier) November 26
 Capt Rafael Dominguez was assigned as special
jugde advocate in Rizal’s case. He made a summary
of the case delivered it to Bianco who sent the
papers to judge advocate general Don Nicolas Dela
Pena
 After examinign the case Dela Pena recommended
that:
1. Rizal be instantly brought to trial
2. He be kept in jail
3. An order of attachment be issued against his
property
4. A spanish army officer not a civilian lawyer be
permitted to defined him in court
 Rizal choose Lt Taviel De Andrade 9younger
brother of then bodyguard friend of Rizal Jose
Taviel De Andrade)
 Dec 11 format change were read to Rizal in his
prison cell Andrade on his side
 He was acussed of being the “livinf soul” of the
revolution having prolifirated ideas of libellion and
of founding illegal organization
 He pleaded not guilty to rebellion
 Explained that La Liga’s constitution he wrote was
just a civic organizayion
 Dec 13 Camilo G. De Polavieja replaced Blanco as
governor general papers of Rizal’s case was sent to
him
 Concerned about the welfare. Rizal wrote on dec
15 a manifesto appealing to the revolutionaries to
descontinue the uprising and pursue to attain
liberty by means of education and of labor
 De La Pena misinterpreted the manifesto as more
advocating spirit of rebellion
 Based on Dela Pena’s interpretation of manifesto
Polavieja disallowed to issue Rizal’s manifesto
The Rat in the Kangaroo Court
 Rizal who figuratively called the “trapped rat”
apopeared in the Kangaroo court inside the military
building. Cuartle De Espana. Dec 26
 He was tried before 7 members of the military
court
 Judge Atty Enrique De Alcocer, rendered his
prosecuting llengthy speeach of comments of Rizal
as a person and petitioned for a death sentence for
Rizal
 Lt Andrade tried his very best to save Rizal
 Rizal was allowed to read his complementary
defense
1. Logical proof thath he could have not taken
part in the revolution
2. La Liga was distinct from Katipunan even
argued that he even advised Valenzuela while
in Dapitan not pusue the plan to revolt
3. Revolutionist use his name without knowledge
4. He could have escape either in Dapitan or
Singapore if he were guilty
5. La Liga died which out upon his exile did not
serve the purpose of the uprising and had no
knowledge abouts its reformation
 Lt Col Arjona then declared the trial over
 The entire defnse was indiferently disregarded
 This mack trial instanttaneously considered Rizal
guilty
 The jury unanimously voted for the death sentence
 The trial ended with the reading of sentence Jose
Rizal was found guilty and the sentence was death
to firing squad
 Dec 28 Gov Gen Polevieja signed the court decision
and decreed that the guilty be executed by firing
squad at 7am Dec 30 1896 at bagumbayan (Luneta)
 Rizal was required to sign the vendict he strically
signed his own death sentence
From 6am to 12noon
 Account on Jose Rizal’s last hours vary and largely
depend on the historiain writings you are reading
 What happened in Rizal’s life from 6am dec 29 up
to his execution wa perhaps the most controvential
in his biography
 Many claims of what happened occcured within
this time frame
 6am of Dev 29 Dominguez formally read the death
sentence to Rizal
 All about 7am he was transferred to his death cell
or prison chapel
 Visited by jesuit priest Miguel Sederra Mata and
Luis Visa. Brought to him
1. Medal of Ateneo’s Marian Congreagation for
he was a member but he rejected saying “I’m
a little of Marian”
2. Wooden image of Sacred Heart of Jesus he
had carved in school and put it his on table
 8am priest Antonio Rosell arrived and shared his
breakfast
 Later Lt Andrade came Rizal thanked him
 9am Santiago Mataix of Spanish newspaper El
Heraldo De Madrid interviewed Rizal
 10am came priest Federico Faura he advised Rizal
to forget his resentment and marry Josephine
canonically
 Faura advised Rizal to forget his resentment and
amrry Josephine canonically. Have a heated
discussion about religion as witrnessed by Rosell
 11am came to 23 mssionary from Dapitan priest
Jose Vilaclara and Vicente Balaguer they tried to
convince him to write a restraction
 At noon he was left alone and had his lunch
 Read the bible and meditated
 Balaguer to Archbishop reported thet only a little
hope remained that Rizal would retract
 Refused to recieved visitors for the meantime.
Probably fiished his last poem, also wrote to
blumentrit his lat letter In which he called him “my
best, my dearest friend”
From noon to 7pm
 2pm he had a talk with priest Estanislao March and
Vilaclara
 3:30 Balaguer returned and allegedly discussed
again the retraction
 Wrote letters and dedications andrested shortly
 4pm sorrowly Dona Teodora arrived with his sisters
mother was not allowed a last embrace to the son
kneeled and kissed his mother hand and asked
forgivenss. Dominguez saw and moved with
compassion
 Upon leaving Rizal handde to trinidad an alcohol
cooking stove, a gift from the tavera’s whispering
that there is something in it his last poem Mi
Ultimo Adios
 5:30pm Don Silverio Lopez Tunon, Dean of the
Manila Cathedral came to see Rizal to exchange
some views
 Balaguer left leaving Vilaclara ang Tunon
 6pm as Rosell was leaving, Josephine Bracken
arrived
 Rizal called for her and they emotionally talked
The Night of December 29
 7pm Faura returned convinced Rizal to trust him
and some other Ateneo professors. Rizal confessed
to him
 8pm took his last sapper and attendde to his
personal needs
 Told Dominguez that he have forgives his enemies
and the military judges who sentence him to death
