CONCEPTS

1. Prehistoric art is primarily focused on hunting,

and shows great variety of stylistic treatment,
and sophistication of form, color, and line.

2. The Greek rejected magic, combined sports and

religion, and imbued a scientific view of nature in
their art.

3. Roman art show preference for sharp forms and

elongated figures. It served the cult of ancestor
and defied emperors.
4. Medieval art was focused on spiritual
expression rather than physical beauty. It
displayed an emphasis on symbols.

5. Gothic art emphasized rediscovery of nature

resulting in a calmer, more plastic style.

6. Egyptian sculpture bore the elements of nature.

The sun, moon, stars, scared animals, life-sized
figures of men and women figured in their art.
7. Greek sculpture was calm, thoughtful, and more
focused on the form of men and women’s body.

8. Roman sculpture emphasized bust forms

representing famous men and women.

9. Byzantine sculpture was focused more on

churches and Biblical figures.

10. Gothic sculpture produced figures with

carvings of their garments to create an impression
of real bodies and limbs.
11. Architecture started with the Neolithic Age, the
New Stone Age, which lasted roughly from 8000 to
3000 BC.

12. Before the Neolithic Age, man often used

existing caves for shelter and for religious
ceremonies.

13. The oldest traces of early man are tools made

of stone.
14. Mud bricks and fired bricks were the principal
building material used in Mesopotamia.

15. The architecture in Egypt consisted of

steriometric shape or mass and rhythmically
articulated elements expressed mainly in pyramids
and other tombs and temples.

16. Classic Greek Architecture, best seen in their

temples, consists of three columns: DORIC. IONIC,
and CORINTHIAN.
17. The principal building types of Islam architecture
were the palace, tomb, and fort. Spiral buildings and
spiral works of art can be found throughout the
Islamic architectural history.

18. The Byzantine architecture is famous for large

screens with paintings of saints, Christ, and
Madonna inside churches.

19. Romanesque architecture features rounded

arches, low and dark, heavy walls, and fortress walls
and piers.
20. Gothic architecture features pointed arches, with
verticality, no walls and extensive use of glasses.

21. Renaissance architecture features symmetrical,

worldly, and aristocratic structures.

22. Romantic classicism architecture made use of

steriometric shapes or values, such as cube, sphere,
pyramid, and cone.

23. The current trends in architecture is more

weightlessness and transparency.
 PRE-HISTORIC PAINTING
(40,000 BC-9000 BC)
Animal spear and other rudimentary materials were
utilized to procedure pre-historic paintings. These
works of art were drawn on caves, stones, and on
earth-filled ground. The drawings or illustrations
dealt heavily with hunting and employed stylistic
treatment.
PRE-HISTORIC GREEK PAINTING
Pre historic Greek Art was seen in four periods:

1. Formative or Pre-Geek period

-Motif was sea and nature
2. First Greek period
-largely of Egyptian influence
PRE-HISTORIC GREEK PAINTING
3. Golden Age (480-400 BC)
-period in which the aesthetic ideal is based on the
representation of human character as an expression
of a divine system.
PRE-HISTORIC GREEK PAINTING

4. Hellenistic Period (4th century -1st BC)

-discussed heightened individualism and feature
tragic mood and contorted faces (lacaustic painting)
PRE-HISTORIC ROMAN PAINTING
Pre historic Roman Art encompassed two periods:

1. Etruscan period (2000-1000 BC)

-the subject matters of painting were ancestor
worship, catacombs, and sarcophages.
PRE-HISTORIC ROMAN PAINTING
Pre historic Roman Art encompassed two periods:

2. Roman period (2000 BC-400 AD)

-characterized by commemorative statues,
sarcophagus, frescoes, and disigns with vine motifs.
SARCOPHAGUS
CATACOMBS
PAINTING IN THE RENAISSANCE
The renaissance is divided into three (3) periods:

1. Early Renaissance (14th -15th century)

-early renaissance paintings placed emphasis on
simplicity, gesture, and expression. Painting depicted
man and nature in fresco technique.
PAINTING IN THE RENAISSANCE
The renaissance is divided into three (3) periods:

2. High Renaissance (16th century)

-its center was in Florence, Venice, and Rome.
-painting style consist of the deepening of pictorial
space, making the sky more dramatic with dark
clouds and flashes of light.
PAINTING IN THE RENAISSANCE
The renaissance is divided into three (3) periods:

Da Vinci introduced the chiaroscuro;

Michelangelo dramatized the position of figures in
his famous contrapuesto-twist.
chiaroscuro
PAINTING IN THE RENAISSANCE
The renaissance is divided into three (3) periods:

3.Mannerism period
-the human figure is rendered through are the use of
oil paints of sumptuous, warm , and sensual colors.
PAINTING IN THE BAROQUE PERIOD

Paintings in the Baroque period are ornate and

fantastic. They appeal to the emotion, are sensual
and highly decorative. They make use of light and
shadow to produce .
 Famous painters in this period include
Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, El Greco,
Diego, Velazquez, and Bartolome Esteban
Murillo.
elivation of the cross

PETER PAUL RUBINS

 Rococo Painting
Rococo painting placed emphasis voluptuousness
and picturesque and intimate presentation of farm
and country. The Rococo art technique made use of
soft pastel colors, rendering the landscape smoking
and hazy with the subject always in the center of the
canvas.
 Romantic Painting
Romantic paintings delved on the artist’s
reactions to past events, landscapes, and
people. Painting is richer than Rococo. One
of the famous painters of this period was
Francisco Goya.
manuel osorio de zuniga
19th Century Painting (Modern Art)

19thcentury art was aimed to please the

public. The following movements
appeared:
1. Impressionism

– Paul Cezzane was the greatest impressionist and

the Father of Modern Art. His efforts were toward
the acheivement of simplicity, brilliance, perfect
balance, brightness of colors, and sense of depth in
art.
la conversation
2. Expressionmism

– Vincent Van Gogh is regarded as the Father of

Expressionism. He used bright, pure colors mixed on
the palette but applied to the canvas in small dots or
strokes, relying on the beholder’s eyes to see them
together. Gogh’s works are notable for their rough
beauty, emotional honesty, bold color and simplicity.
.
the starry nigth
2. Expressionmism

– Paul Gauguin also practiced simplicity in art. He

studied the technique of craftsmen, applied to these
to his canvas, simplifying the outline of forms but
employing strong patches colors.n
tahiti women
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
SCULPTURE
Sculpture is an art form which employs
modeling. Modeling refers to the
technique by which a material is shaped
and formed into a single mass or block of
material having tri-dimensional form.
 Pre-historic sculpture

pre-historic sculpture consisded of rude forms carved

in stones and woods. These figures and images were
created to commemorate heroes and heroines and
perpetuate the memory of men.
 Egyptian sculpture

Pre-historic sculpture had gone through four (4) periods:

1. First Dynasty Period - This period occured 5,000 years
ago. The sun,moon, stars, and sacred animals were
common subjects of sculpture in this period.
The sculptors decorated the tombs of the dead
with scenes from his lfe and signs of his rank
and profession with enssurance that this spirit
may continue his existence within the
tomb.Statues began to flourish in this period.
2. Old kingdom Period - Portrait sculpture was emphasized.
Five life-like structures existed in every home. Statues were
either single figures or in family groups. The faces of statues
were always calm and grave . Statues of royal personages
were much larger than ordinary personages to give
impression of movement splendor.
3. Middle kingdom period - faces of statues
made during this period depicted individual moods
but their bodies were still rigid and straight in
posture.
4. New kingdom period - figures of this
period were life-like and vigorous looking. They
were depicted in usual poses - walking, dancing,
and bending. Figures showed dignity and sincerity.
The forms of Egyptian sculpture are palettes ( shield
pieces of stone with relief carvings ); wall carvings ( bas-
reliefs of high relief found in the walls of tombs ) and
statues ( figures of men and women in sitting
impressive). An example of pre-historic Egyptian
sculpture is the great Sphinx of Giza.
 Greek Sculpture

Pre-historic Greek sculpture had gone through three

(3) periods :

1. Daedalic Period - Marble was heavily used as

material. Nude male statues were usually produced.
2. Classical Age –

This was the golden age or Age of Pericles in Greece.

Temples of gods and Godessess were adorned with
sculptured figures. Many statues depicted young
victors of Greek games and athletic contest. The
human body with all its beauty and splendor was the
emphasis of art in his period. Male figures were
always naked, women figures were fully draped.
3. Later Greek Period –

Male and Female figures were shown with very little or

no clothing at all. An example of pre-historic Greek
sculpture is the famous Venus de Milo.
 ROMAN SCULPTURE
Pre- historic roman sculpture portrayed famous men
and women in bust forms. The personalities were
represented as if in real life, including their individual
imperfection.
 Byzantine sculpture
Byzantine sculpture is classified into two:

1. Early Byzantine Sculpture - during this

period, no statues can be seen in churches
and basilicans only symbols or sign as mosaic.
2. Later Byzantine sculpture - statues replaced mosaic
symbols and sign. Biblical statues adorned churches ,
basilicas, and even homes. These statues are tall ,
dignified , straight , exquisitely carved , sometimes
covered with jewels. Christ was shown as fully garbed,
mature, and has a dark-beard and haunting eyes.
 ROMANESQUE SCULPTURE
Romanesque sculpture gave prominence to biblical characters and
human figures as subjects. Biblical characters and human figures
were carved in statues or in reliefs with the bodies fully clothed,
flat and elongated and the faces grave and remote. Draperies
were usually swirled in whirlpool patterns around these figures.
Arches of churches were decorated with zigzag and geometric
designs.
 GOTHIC SCULPTURE
Gothic statues of human figure were given a
natural and life-like look, both in bodies and facial
expressions. They wore garments to give
impression of real bodies.
 RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE

Renaissance sculpture is divided into

three periods:
1. Early Renaissance Sculpture – Great and
detailed attention was given to anatomical
shapes, proportions, and perspectives to
indicate a more scientific attitude towards art.
2. Middle Renaissance Sculpture – By the end
of the 15th century, sculpture became more
secular than religious. Palaces were adorned
with sculpture cast in Bronze.
3. Later Part of the Renaissance – The subject
matters of sculpture were legends and myths
of Greece and Rome. The artists were given
complete freedom on their choice of subject.
 Baroque Sculpture

Baroque sculpture started in the 17th

century. It depicted the beauty of art and
stressed on the expression of emotion.
Rococo sculpture, being highly ornate
and exquisite, designed purely for
ornamental purposes. This art appeared
largely in furniture, panels, vases, and
urns. Rococo sculpture was first used in
the court of the French King Louis XV.
19th Century Sculpture

There were two schools in this period:

“Neoclassicism and Romantic Realism”

1. Neo-classical schools – depicted
perfect human anatomy endowed
with a calm, reflective look.
2. Romantic Realistic schools –
depicted realistic figures with
psychological attitudes of the French
revolution.
Auguste Rodin
20th Century
Sculpture

20th century
sculpture was
mainly concerned
with the human
body.
1. Pablo Picasso, the Father of
Abstract sculpture and
Julio Gonzalez advocated a
regeneration of plastic
shapes through geometric
organization of the human
body.

Abstract sculpture remains

tied to Biology.
2. Henry Moore
and his
associates depict
anxiety and
terror in their
sculpture.
Through this
form, the
sculptures view
of life is shown.
3. Alberto Giacometti carved a
figure endowed with their
action or feeling by using
thinned – out matter rising
upward in empty space – the
expression of being lost in
infinite nothingness.
4. In 1910, a sculpture of
geometric shapes emerged.
This led to a new tool in
sculpture – the blow torch.
Through the presentation of
marred and tangled shapes,
contemporary sculpture
showed fear and terror.