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Stress, Strain, GSI
Stress, Strain, GSI
The Geological Strength Index (GSI) is a system of rock mass characterization that has
been developed in engineering rock mechanics to meet the need for reliable input data
related to rock mass properties required as input for numerical analysis or closed-form
solutions for designing tunnels, slopes, or foundations in rocks. The geological character
of the rock material, together with the visual assessment of the mass it forms, is used as
a direct input for the selection of parameters for predicting rock mass strength and
deformability. This approach enables a rock mass to be considered as a mechanical
continuum without losing the influence that geology has on its mechanical properties. It
also provides a field method for characterizing difficult-to-describe rock masses.
Recommendations on the use of GSI are given and, in addition, cases where the GSI is
not applicable are discussed.
2. Geological Strength Index for heterogeneous rocks such as flysch.
3. Chart for confined molasse (mainly applicable for tunnels).
4. Ranges of GSI for various qualities of peridotite-serpentinite rock masses in ophiolites.
Perbedaan Stress dan Strain (Tegangan dan Regangan)
The basic difference between stress and strain is that stress is the deforming force per
unit area.Its unit is same as pressure which is N/m²
While strain is the apparent change in the shape,volume or length of object caused due
to stress is called strain.Strain has no unit
Regangan merupakan ukuran mengenai seberapa jauh batang tersebut berubah
bentuk. Tegangan diberikan pada materi dari arah luar, sedangkan regangan adalah
tanggapan materi terhadap tegangan. Nilai modulus Young hanya bergantung pada jenis
benda (komposisi benda), tidak bergantung pada ukuran atau bentuk benda.
σ = F/A
dengan:
σ = tegangan (Pa)
F = gaya (N)
A = luas penampang (m2)
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Jenis-jenis tegangan
e = ΔL / L
dengan:
e =regangan
E = σ/e
E = (FL) / (A.ΔL)
dengan:
Alumunium 70 x 109
Beton 20 x 109