Ex 3:Air flows through a smooth circular duct of internal

diameter 250mm at an average velocity of 15 m/s. Calculate the

fluid velocity at points 50mm and 5mm from the wall. What will
be the thickness of the laminar sub-layer, if this extends to
U+= Y+ = 11.1. The density and viscosity of air may be taken as
1.1 k g/m3 and 20×10-6 N.s/m2 respectively.
Solution:
Ud 1.1 15  0.25
Re   6
 2.06  105
 20 10
R
2
 0 . 032 Re  0 .25
U S
R
2
U S

 0 . 032 2 . 06  10 5 
 0 .25

=0.0015
R  0 .0015    U s2
2
R  0 .0015  1 .1  15 
= 0.37125 N/m2
0.37125
U*  R/   0.581m / s
1.1

At 50mm from the wall :

  U * 
Y  y  
  
  1 . 1  0 . 581  0 . 05 
Y   
 20  10  6 
= 1597.75 m
+
Y > 30

U+ = 5.5 + 2.5lnY+
= 5.5 + 2.5 ln(1597.75)
= 23.94
Ux
U 
U*
Ux = 23.94×0.581
≈ 14 m/s

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At 5 mm from the wall:
  U * 
Y  y  
  
 1 . 1  0 . 581  0 . 005 
Y  
 20  10  6 
= 159.775 m
+
Y > 30

U+ = 5.5 + 2.5lnY+
U+ = 5.5 + 2.5ln159.775
= 18.184
Ux
U 
U*
Ux = 18.184×0.581
= 10.565 m/s
To calculate laminar sub-layer thickness:

 b  7
8
 62 Re
d
 b  7
 62 2 . 06  10 5
 8
0 . 25
= 0.0003473 m
≈ 0.35 mm

Ex4: Air is flowing with 12m/s through a pipe inside diameter

equal 0.5m, the air temperature is 450K and pressure is 1.5bar
and viscosity 1.815*10-5Kg/m.s.Assume the pipe is smooth.
Find the velocity distribution as well as shear stress distribution
in the region of fully developed flow.

Sol.

 P  1 . 5bar  150 kPa

P.Mwt 150  29
   1.163 Kg / m 3
RT 8.314  450

2
 Ud 1.16312  0.5
Re    384462.81
 1.815 105

R
2
 0 . 032 Re  0 .25
U S

R  0.25
2
 0.032384462.81
U S
= 0.0015

 R  0.0015    U S2
R  0.0015  1.163  122
= 0.251N

0.251
U*  R/   0.465 m / s
1.163

 U * 
Y   y 
  
  1 . 163  0 . 465 
Y  y 5 
 1 . 815  10 

at y = 0.0001 m
Y+=2.9795 m Y+< 5
u+ = y+

 U x
U  *
U

Ux = 0.465(2.9795)
= 1.385 m/s

at y = 0.001m
Y+ = 29.795 5<Y+<30

U+= -3.05 + 5 ln Y+

3
Ux=0465[-3.05+ 5 ln 29.795]
= 6.474 m/s

at y = 0.1 m , Y+ >30
Ux = 11.857 m/s

at y = 0.25 m , Y+ = 7448.967

U x  0 .465 5 . 5  2 . 5 ln 7 .448 . 967 

= 12.922 m/s

R y
y
 1  , r = 0.25m
R 0 r
 y 
R y  R 0 1  
 r 
For y = 0 , Ry = R0 = 0.251
 0 . 0001 
For y = 0.0001 m , R y  0 . 251  1  
 0 . 25 
= 0.2509 N

 0 . 001 
For y = 0.001 m , R y 0 . 251  1  
0 . 25 

= 0.25 N
 0 . 01 
For y = 0.1 m , R y  0 . 251  1  
0 . 25 

= 0.1506 N
For y = 0.2 m , Ry = 0.0502 N
For y = 0.25 m , Ry = 0

‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ داﺧﻠﺔ‬: ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬

Vol. 1 (12-7,12-8,12-14, 12-16, 12-18)

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