7 World Conference On Applied Sciences, Engineering and Management

7th World Conference on Applied Sciences,
Engineering and Management
(WCSEM 2018)
The American Business School of Paris, France

26-27 October 2018
Proceedings of the Conference

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Published by:
Basha Research Corporation, Hyderabad, INDIA
Editors:
Prof. Fady FADEL, Prof. Hafeez BASHA, Prof. Reshu GUPTA
Organized jointly by:

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Copyright © 2018 Basha Research Corporation
All rights reserved.

No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners, unless the use is a fair
dealing for the purpose of private study, research or review. The authors reserve the right that their
material can be used for purely educational and research purposes.
www.conferenceworld.in
THE AMERICAN
BUSINESS SCHOOL OF PARIS
The American Business School of Paris is an
international business school in France that
welcomes students from all around the world.
Our goal is to make our students enter today’s
global economy through international
programs: BBA, MBA, DBA, etc.
Part of IGS Group, the international American

Business School’s programs are accredited by
the IACBE. They are 100% in English and
founded on American educational methods:
course flexibility & adaptability, interaction &
exchange as well as strong student-professor
relationships.
In our cross-cultural environment, our students

distinguish themselves through their
international experiences: semesters abroad &
international internships.
Besides the accredited American degrees they

get a French degree certified by the
Government.
• American BBA
• Bachelor in Fashion & Luxury Retail management
• American MBA
• Online MBA
• American DBA
• Work and Study Abroad in Paris
CONFERENCE CHAIR MESSAGE

"In the name of the American Business School of Paris-IGS Group and the BRCORP, I
would like to welcome you to the 7th edition of the 2018 WCSEM in Paris. I hope that
you will combine the useful with the delightful in the city of light and capital of
entrepreneurship. Indeed, it is not an accident that Paris is hosting the 7 th edition of
WCSEM, the theme of this year being “Entrepreneurship & Technology”:
- In 2017, Paris won the award for innovation from the EU

- In 2017, the President Emmanuel Macron inaugurated Station F, thus propelling
Paris as the world capital for Startups
- In 2017, France became the most influential country in the world in terms of soft
power, in other words, in its ability to convince and influence through non-
coercive methods like culture and digital, according to the SoftPower30 report
Moreover, it is important to remember that the link between entrepreneurship and

technology occurs through innovation and creativity. If we are not all entrepreneurs
or startuppers, the fact remains that we all have at least a touch of creativity and Prof. Fady FADEL
innovation in each of us. Consequently, whether researchers, directors or engineers,
Dean, ABS-Paris
we are all entrepreneurs. It is through our creative attitude and entrepreneurial
expertise that we contribute to the prosperity of “Entrepreneurship & Technology.”
I hope that all the researchers gathered together over the next two days here in Paris will be able to share their research on
innovation, entrepreneurship and technology and will learn from each other’s research as well.
Long live interaction, Long live entrepreneurship and technology, Long live diversity!
Preface:
The 7th World Conference on Applied Sciences, Engineering and Management WCSEM-2018 was held
at The American Business School of Paris, France during 26-27 October 2018. Paris being the capital
of France is a major European city and a global center for art, fashion and culture.
This conference received 110 papers out of which 27 were accepted for the oral presentations divided
into 4 plenary talks, 3 keynote lectures and 20 oral presentations covering Applied Sciences, Earth
Sciences, Civil Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Entrepreneurship
etc. However, 104 abstracts were considered for publication in this proceedings volume. The papers
will undergo further review to publish in indexed International Journals after the completion of this
conference.
Prof. Fady FADEL, Dean – The American Business School of Paris, France gave the welcome address
during the opening ceremony while the inaugural address was delivered by Mr. Roger Serre, Founder
of IGS University, France. Mr. Vinay Mohan Kwatra IFS, His Excellency the Ambassador of India to
France was the Chief-Guest for inauguration and Mr. Nicolas Ribollet, Governing Council Member,
Indo-French Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IFCCI) and Partner & National Leader, French
Desk, Mazars India was the Guest-of-Honour. Mr. Harshavardhan Erra, Director Technical, Basha
Research Corporation (BRCORP) and India Manager for The American Business School of Paris,
Application Collection Center gave the vote of thanks.
There were 4 plenary talks by Prof. Amde M. Amde, University of Maryland, USA, Prof. Aliyadi Yanuri,
Dean, Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, Indonesia who as Conference Chair for 6 th WCSEM 2017
at Indonesia, Prof. Prakash K. E., Ex-Registrar, VTU and Director, Shree Devi Institute of Technology,
Mangaluru, Karnataka, and Prof. Shuichi TORII, Chair – Department of Mechanical Systems
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan who was also Chair for 4 th WCSEM
2015 at Japan.
Keynote speakers were Prof. Kyuro SASAKI, Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu
University, Japan; Dr. Satyanarayan, Associate Professor, Alva’s Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Moodabidri, Karnataka, India; and Prof. Des Raj Bajwa, Department of Commerce and
Management, Government P. G. College, Ambala, Haryana, India.
Prof. R. Hafeez Basha, Ph. D

Chief Executive Officer – Incubation Center
Ashoka Group of Institutions, Hyderabad
Prof. Raju Aedla, Ph. D

Secretary General,
Cafet-Innova Technical Society
Patrons:
Mr. Roger Serre Founder, IGS University, FRANCE
Dr. Jammi S. Rao President Emeritus, Basha Research Corporation (BRCORP)
Dr. D. Venkat Reddy President & CEO, Basha Research Corporation (BRCORP)
Advisory Committee:
Dr. G. Venkatappa Rao Professor Retd. IIT-Delhi, INDIA
Dr. Kyuro SASAKI Professor Kyushu University, JAPAN
Dr. Kazuhisa IKI Vice-Dean Kumamoto University, JAPAN
Dr. Shuichi TORII Assistant Director Kumamoto University, JAPAN
Dr. Hideaki OHGAKI Professor Kyoto University, JAPAN
Dr. K. Venkataramana Dean – Academics NIT-Karnataka, INDIA
Dr. Amde M. Amde Professor University of Maryland, USA
Dr. Sattar B. Sadkhan Professor Babylon University, IRAQ
Dr. Mohd Abdul Razak Professor SPA-Vijayawada, INDIA
Dr. Khalid Alskait Professor K S University, SAUDI ARABIA
Dr. Ayman Batisha Professor Cairo University, EGYPT
Dr. Stefano Sorace Professor University of Udine, ITALY
Ir. Aliyadi, M. M. Dean - FoE Universitas Muhammadiyah
Ponorogo, Indonesia
Technical Committee:
Dr. Yao-Ming Hong Director, MingDao University, TAIWAN
Dr. Krishna Mohan Poluri Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Roorkee), INDIA
Dr. ASN Chakravarthy Professor, JNTU-Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
Dr. Ashok Rao Professor, Manipal Institute of Technology, INDIA
Dr. S. Mohan Nanjan Professor, Manipal University, INDIA
Dr. RKNR Manepally Hindu College, Machilipatnam, INDIA
Dr. S. D. Sivasubramaniam Nottingham Trent University, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Riken Homma Kumamoto University, JAPAN
Dr. Devang Thakor United States Patents Department, USA
Dr. Hari Devkota Kumamoto University, JAPAN
Dr. Guri L. V. Damu SANYO Chemical Industries Ltd., JAPAN
Dr. Tania Fayyad Blaise Pascal University, FRANCE
Dr. Thengi Shwe Yangon Technological University, MYANMAR
Dr. Dhruva N. Katpady Kagoshima University, JAPAN
Dr. A. D. Prasad NIT-Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA
Dr. M. Sivasubramanian NIT-Puducherry, Pondicherry, INDIA
Dr. Manjaiah M. Galpuji Ecole Centrale De Nantes, FRANCE
Dr. Muralidhar Avvari University of Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
Dr. Alwin Sambul Universitas Sam Ratulangi, INDONESIA
Organizing Committee:
Conference Chair:
Prof. Fady FADEL Dean, The American Business School of Paris, France
Conference Co-Chairs:
Dr. R. Hafeez Basha CEO – Incubation Center, Ashoka Group of Institutions
Dr. Raju Aedla Secretary General, Cafet-Innova Technical Society
Organizing Secretary:
Mr. Erra Harshavardhan Director – Technical, BRCORP
India Manager, ABS-Paris Application Center
Organizing Members:
Ms. Nafeesa Parveen Chief HR & Finance Officer, BRCORP

Mr. Abhishek Yadav Director, Euro-Aura
Mr. Santosh Kumar Manager, Euro-Aura
Mr. N. Manoj Kumar Manager R&D, BRCORP
Mr. Samdani Azad Assistant Manager R&D, BRCORP
Ms. Soufi Nadia Academic Assistant, ABS-Paris
Student Volunteers:
Mr. Raiyan Kabir Research Engineer Trainee, BRCORP

Mr. Md. Farhadur Rahman Research Engineer Trainee, BRCORP
Mr. Md. Zisanul Haque Research Engineer Trainee, BRCORP
Mr. Gazi Md. Sharfaraz Research Engineer Trainee, BRCORP
Mr. Niloy Deb Roy Mishu Research Engineer Trainee, BRCORP
Mr. Shahan Jamil Bhuiyan Research Engineer Trainee, BRCORP
Mr. Ragib Nur Alam Shuvo Research Engineer Trainee, BRCORP
Contents:
Preparation and Characterizations of Cu0.75In0.25Se Thin Films Deposited by Closed 014
Space Sublimation Techniques
M. S. Kale, R. S. Dhake
Synthesis, Characterization and Study of NH3 Gas Sensing Properties of CdO Doped in 014
NanocrystallinePolypyrrole
M. S. Phalak, R. B. Waghulade
Influence of Telluride on Nano Crystalline CdS Thin Films Deposited by Closed Space 015
Sublimation Technique
M. S. Kale
Study of Fragmentation and Ultrasonic flow impacts of several metal based Alloys 015
W. Du, B. Wang, T. L. Lee, J. C. Kong, B. Koe, D. Tan, W. Zhang, C. Wang, Y. Zhao1 T.
Manuwong, A. Sumayli, T. Connolley, A. J. Bodey, J. Fife, K. Fezzaa, A. Rack, J. Mi
Synthesis, growth, and characterization of a novel nonlinear optical organic material for 016
optical device applications
A. N. Prabhu, P. P. Vinaya
Effect of soaking time on the structural and morphological properties of Cu2ZnSnS3 016
(CZTS) prepared using solid state reaction technique
Nagabhushan J Choudhari, Namratha, Shubhava, Raviprakash Y
Tuning of Structural and Optical Properties of Silver Nanoparticulate Films on Polymer 017
Substrates
Gurumurthy S. C., Anju Jolly, Anjana Uday, Manjunathapattabi, Ganesh Sanjeev
Antidiabetic activity of LC-MS characterized Gentiana kurroo Royle in diabetic rats 018
Khalid Ghazanfar Mustafa, Seema Akbar, Bashir A. Ganai
Sweroside - an iridoid glycoside from Gentiana kurroo exhibits anti-diabetic activity 018
Khalid Ghazanfar Mustafa, Seema Akbar, Bashir A. Ganai
Evaluation of microbial load in the processing of coffee cherry relating it’s economic loss 019
Bharathi Prakash, G. D. Khedkar, C. H. Sumangala
Studies on influence of different levels of Fertigation and Foliar application of nutrients 019
on yield & quality of capsicum production grown in soilless media under polyhouse
conditions
Rajneet Kaur, S. K. Singh, H. C. Raturi
Analyze Cancer Patients to find out the people who are in Danger 020
Raiyan Kabir
Analytical Evaluation of Thermal Stresses in Functionally Graded Material Plates using 020
First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT)
Sangeetha DM, Naveen Kumar DT, Prakash K. E.
Modelling of Free form shell and Effect of Edge Beams in Free Form Large Span Shell 021
Structure
Vijayalaxmi Kedilaya, Shreelaxmi Prasanth, Anil Hegde
Effect of corrosion in concrete structures on response to earthquake 021

Md Ashraful Imran, Md Samdani Azad
Effect of Torsional Irregularity one Site Specific Seismic Response 022
Md Asifur Rahman, Arshib Imtiaj
Comparative Study of High Rise RCC Building Structure using Outrigger Structural 022
System
Akshay Shinde, Popat Kumbhar
Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage in underground Mines using Industrial Byproducts 023
Amde M. Amde
Smart health monitoring techniques for civil, mechanical and aerospace structures using 023
Piezo Sensors
Visalakshi Talakokula, Suresh Bhalla
Study on Influence of Salinity in Gurupura Estuary Sand on Durability of Reinforced 024

Cement Concrete
K. E. Prakash, P. Raveesha, B. T. Suresh Babu
Numerical Modelling of Structural Pounding between Soft Storey Structures 024

Lokesh Udatha, Venkata Dilip Kumar
Prediction of unconfined compressive strength and split tensile strength of Kaolin 025
stabilized with cement, rice husk ash and pond ash
Deepak Gupta, Arvind Kumar, Akash Priyadarshee
Waste plastic as an effective construction material 025

Siri Chandana V., Gaayatri Y., Bhargava Naidu Esr, Shiva Bhisne,
Chitra Gurnani, Venkata Dilip Kumar
A Technique for House Lifting: Prototype Model 026

Venkat Vineeth Karumuri, Manoj Raj Lakkisitty, Venkata Jaya Chandra Mullapudi,
Venkata Dilip Kumar
Experimental Determination of Permeability of Filter material based on Controlling 026

Constriction Size
Nasir Ahmad Rather, Mohd Akbar Lone, Abdul Qayoom Dar, Bintul Huda Mir
Effect of Shape of Obstruction on Local Scour Depth 027

Bintul Huda Mir, Mohd Akbar Lone, Nasir Ahmad Rather
Plastic hinge formation and base shear of flat slab and conventional slab structures in 027
different seismic zones of India
Sandeep G. S., Gururaj Patil
Seismic Behavior of Outrigger System in High-rise RC Buildings 028

Malini S. P., Chinmayi H. K.
Use of waste tyre chip as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete 028
Aritra Mandal, Jessy Rooby
Strength and Workability study of Tyre Rubber Concrete 029

Sulagno Banerjee, Jessyrooby
A study on microstructure of SCC when subjected to thermal cycle 029

Raghavendra D., Prasanna Kumar C., Sudha K.
Experimental Investigation on Expansive Soils Using Electro Kineti Geosynthetics (EKG) 030
under Cyclic Loading
R. Thiumalai, R. Nirmal, S. Suresh Babu, S. Gobinath
Strength characteristics of Geo-polymer mortar 030

Shree Laxmi Prashant, Mohit Srivastav, Lochan Gupta, Kartik Sharma
A Review on dissimilar forms of footing structure lying on weak soil 031

S. Gobinath, S. Suresh Babu, K. E. Prakash, A. Mugesh
Investigation in to the causes of severe roof problems in some Indian coal mines and 031
formulation of guidelines to reduce the ground control problems
D. S. Subrahmanyam
Investigation of groundwater quality in relation to iron and manganese in Pepel-Northern 032

Sierra Leone
Yaguba Jalloh, Kyuro Sasaki, Abu B. Jalloh, Mustapha Olajiday Thomas
Investigation of the potential of polyvinyl alcohol as an inhibitor of spontaneous 033

combustion of low rank coal
Masaki Uematsu, Yuichi Sugai, Ronald Nguele, Kyuro Sasaki
Increase of Natural Soil CO2 Emissions 033

Kyuro Sasaki, Salmawati, Yuichi Sugai, Ronald Nguele
Assessment of Water Quality Parameters of Madhumati Nallah 034

Nasir Ahmad Rather, Mohammad Hanan Wani, Faiz Mohammad Khan, Mohammad Adil Bhat,
Iynain Altaf, Saima Ishtiyaq, Bintul Huda Mir
Heavy Metal Contaminations of Soils and Water in Vicinity of Kothur Industrial Area, 034
Mahabubnagar district, Telangana State - India
Venkateshwarlu Ch.
Identifying the presence of fractures in hardrock areas by VLF and VES in Thurkapally 035
area, Ranga Reddy District, Telangana State, India
Dubba Vijay Kumar, Kamal Das K.
Well Hydraulics Studies to Determine the Aquifer Properties in Mathadi Vagu Basin, 035
Adilabad District, Telangana State, India
Kamal Das. K, Muralidhar. M
A Distributed approach based on transfer graph model for resolving time-dependent 036
multimodal transport problem
Mohamed El Moufid, Siham Benhadou, Hicham Medromi
Toward the Implementation of Smart City: “SmartPark” an application to resolve urban 036
mobility problems in Casablanca
Sofia Belkhala, Siham Benhadou, Hicham Medromi
A GPS Based Congestion Management Tools Provides Intersection Level of Services to 037
estimate the traffic at Indian Toll Gates
R. Manikandan, R. Latha, N. Sakthivel
A simple heuristic for solving one stage multimodal fixed-charge transportation problems 037
Naurin Zoha, Sourav Kumar Ghosh
A Distributed approach based on transfer graph model for resolving time-dependent 038
multimodal transport problem
Mohamed El Moufid, Siham Benhadou, Hicham Medromi
The Effectiveness of Water Conservation based on water demand in South Africa 038
Mmaphefo Doreen Thwala, Ei. Edoun
A remote sensing approach to study the relationship between land surface temperature 039
and land cover
Arshib Imtiaj, Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Md. Salah Uddin
Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Water Resources of Developing Countries 040

Niloy Samadder, Md. Samdani Azad
Review of the development of differential evolution in Engineering 041

Md. Samiur Rahman
Recognition and Detection of Object using Graph-Cut Segmentation 041

Sufola Das Chagas Silva Araujo, Meenakshi Sundaram Karuppaswamy
A Robust Post-Disaster Mobile Application: DisCom 042

Abhinav Kolla, Aditya Varma, Rishaad Rishaad, Venkata Dilip Kumar,
Prafulla Kalapatapu, Bharghava Rajaram
Priority based Routing Protocol using Ant Colony Technique for WBAN 042
Rakhee
Analysis of Interior vs. Exterior Protection Mechanism in Web applications 043

Irfan Jalal Bhat, Raghav Mehra, Amit Kumar Chaturvedi
Reinventing the Internet for Customized User Experience 043

Sujal Paudel
Usability Analysis of Online based Transportation Using Unified Theory of Acceptance 044
and use of Technology (UTAUT)
Aliyadi
Edge Detection of MRI Scan using Canny Edge Detection Algorithm 044
Preetha J., Deepajothi S.
Minimizing Energy cost for Storage nodes in Sensor networks 045

Deepajothi S., Preetha J.
Predicting Gross Domestic Product using Machine Learning 045

Raiyan Kabir
Institution-Industry-Society: A Process of Bringing Togetherness in Innovation and its 046

Outcomes
J. Bhagawan Reddy, M. Rajendra Reddy, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Srikar Dasari, A. Shiva
Kumar, N. Kranthi Kumar, Neelima Praveena, Bhogula Navothna
Power Management in Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Power System 047

K. Ranjith Kumar, M. Surya Kalavathi
Performance Analysis of Field Oriented Controlled Open End Winding Induction Motor 047
Drive Using Different SVPWM Techniques
M. Ranjit, B. Ravindranath Reddy
Review of Various Selective Harmonic Elimination Algorithms for Cascaded Multilevel 048
Inverters
B. Ganesh Babu, M. Surya Kalavathi, B. Ravindranath Reddy
Battery Energy Management in PV Systems 048

O. Sobhana, M. Surya Kalavathi, E. Ramu
A Comparative Analysis of Optimal and Efficient Bio-Mass Energy System 049

Jawwad Mazher Ahmed, Syed Osman E Ghani Ahmed
Evaluating the Life Cycle Cost of LPG Instantaneous, Storage, and Boosted Solar Water 049
Heating Systems in Australia
Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Ranipet Hafeez Basha, Mobi Mathew
Real-time Wireless Vehicle Access Tracking and Automatic Parking System 050
K. Hemachandran, M. Ramesh Naik, Raju Katru, B. Justus Rabi
Parallel Fast Fourier Transforms with Fault Tolerant realization on System on Chip 050
Raju Katru, K. Hemachandran, M. Chandrasekher
Heterogeneous Networks in LTE-Advanced 051

H. Srikanth Kamath, Humdard Singh, Aayush Khanna
A Different WLP CMOS Power Amplifier for IEEE 802.11n WLAN Applications 051
M. Saritha, M. Janaki Rani, K. Hemachandran
Overview of Device-to-Device Communication and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication 052

H. Srikanth Kamath
Design of Low cost, interoperable Intelligent transportation system for developing 052
traveller’s experience through IoT
H. Raghupathi, M. Anand, K. Hemachandran
Effect of Injection Velocity Ratio on Thermal -Fluid Diffusion in Free Jet from Annular 053
Channel
Shuichi TORII
Performance analysis of an aerospace ecosystem: Case study of an industrialising 053

ecosystem (aircraft engines)
Asmaa Khamlach, Abdellah Haddout, Mariam Benhadou
Comparison between different heating techniques applied during primary drying phase 054
of freeze drying
Abd Elrahman Bedir, Wael El-Maghlany, Abd Elhamid Attia, Mohamed Elhelw
Design and Development of a Solar Water Puriﬁer 055

Naurin Zoha, Sourav Kumar Ghosh
Investigation on Diffusion between Liquid Tin and Substrates for Electronic Applications 055
Hithesh G Shetty, Ranjan Kishor, Virendra Kumar, Satyanarayan
Sunflower Wax Modified Cellulose Nano Fiber Aerogel for Treatment of Oil Mixed Waste 056
Water
Sabu K. T., Anees K. J., Jose V. Eapen
Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Unconventional Brick using Statistical 056

Method
Ritesh Ramakrishna Bhat, Nanjangud Subbarao Mohan, Sathya Shankara Sharma, Koh Mun Fei
Consequence of Ethanol-Water Blends on S. I. Engine Performance and Tail pipe 057
Emissions
Sagar P. Hubballi, Ayappa T.
Advanced Mathematical Model based Non-Linear Control Systems for Metal Cutting 057
Processes of Flank wear by Computing Techniques
Polaiah Bojja, Rama Subbanna S., Pamula Ramu, Pamula Raja Kumari
Autonomous Maneuver of Vehicle using a Unique Real-Time Lane Detection Approach 058
and PID Control in Gazebo Simulation Environment
Sabir Hossain
The use of mind mapping in the communication of learning French and law at the 058
university level
Cynthia Eid, Michel Martin, June Srichinda
Role of small holders’ livestock production system on Women empowerment with 059
reference to the North Malabar region of Kerala State
Anil Kumar Nair, Falgunan K.
Impact of quality management on the firm performance at Moroccan companies 059

Khadija Kacemi, Mariam Benhadou, Abdellah Haddout
Study of the factors influencing the implementation of the Occupational Health and 060
Safety Management System in Moroccan companies
Nouha Daoudi, Abdellah Haddout, Mariam Benhadou
Pursuance of Emotional Intelligence, Life satisfaction and Decision making on Academic 060
Motivation
Garima Saini
Human Resource Management in Multinational and Domestic Enterprises: A 061

Comparative Analysis
Satwinder Singh, Geoffrey Wood, Tamer Darwish, Jocelyne Fleming, Abdul Fattaah Mohamed
Impact of E-Marketing on Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of Symbios Online 061

Shopping Clients in Pakistan
Muneeruddin Soomro, Syed Nadeem Juman Shah, Aqsa Khatoon Dharejo
The Impact of Technological Innovation on Economic Enterprise Competitiveness 062

Omar Bendjima, Abdelrahim Rahoui
Evolution and its trends in camels (Camelusdromedarius) through geological time scale 062
Sachinchangotra, Seemabharti
E - Learning: A 21st Century Approach to Education 063

Manju Khosla
Implications of Financial Globalization on MSMEs: A Study on the Perception of the 063

Promoters of MSMEs in India
Nilam Panchal, W. C. Singh
Entrepreneurial Eco System in Autonomous Institutions 064

Krovi Raja Sekhar
Entrepreneurship and Management System in Private Hospitals in Delhi: Dimensions 065

and Challenges
Anil Singh, Poonam Anil Bhardwaj, Gopal Singh Latwal
Value of CEO Share-Ownership and earnings Management: Evidence from India 065
Sajalpreet Kaur
A case for scientific crowdfunding in India: Challenges and Opportunities 066

Shashank, Nayak Subramanya G.
Adaptive Horn System 066

Santosh Bhimrao Chougule
A Study of E-Banking in India: with Special Reference to New Private Sector Banks 067
Des Raj Bajwa
Value maximization and Profit maximization of a Firm 068

Dipankar Das, J. K. Mahapatra
Impact of capital structure on profitability in India 068

Ainsley Granville Andre Jorge Bernard, Brahma Edwin Barreto
Employee Empowerment and its Psychological Perspective 069

Sabzar Ahmad Peerzadah, Sabiya Mufti, Nazir Ah. Nazir
Higher Education in India: Challenges and Opportunities 069

Manoj Kumar
Dissecting the Management Model and Financial Management Strategy of Sari-Sari 070
Store and Its Sustainability amid the Rise of Convenience Store Chains in the
Philippines
Anthon Mark Jay Rivas, Kaye Marie Bacelona, Shaira Giango
7th World Conference on
Applied Sciences, Engineering & Management
26-27 October 2018, ABS-Paris, France
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Preparation and Characterizations of Cu0.75In0.25Se Thin Films Deposited

by Closed Space Sublimation Techniques
M. S. KALE1, R. S. DHAKE2
Department of Electronics-Physics, Shirish Madhukarrao Chaudhari College, Jalgaon, MH, India
Department of Physics, MET’s BKC, Institute of Engineering, Adgaon, Nashik, MH, India
milindkale616@yahoo.com
Abstract: The thin films of ternary alloy Cu0.75In0.25Se were prepared by closed space sublimation technique
(CSS) under the pressure of 10-5torr. The structural, topological, elemental and optical studies of elaborated
films were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), EDAX and UV-VIS
Spectrophotometerrespectively. The XRD investigation indentified the films are polycrystalline having
hexagonal crystal structure with preferential orientation along (220) plan. The degree of preferred orientation is
found to be increasing with the film thickness. The AFM study reveals that particles
arecloselyboundtogether,withanaverageroughness of 11-13 nm. The quantitative analysis of grown films was
done by EDAX technique. The optical band gap of the films is found to 1.9 – 2.0 eV.
Keywords: Cu0.75In0.25Se thin film, XRD, AFM, EDAX, UV-VIS
WCSEM 2018001 Copyright © 2018 BASHA RESEARCH CENTRE. All rights reserved

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Synthesis, Characterization and Study of NH3 Gas Sensing Properties of

CdO Doped in NanocrystallinePolypyrrole
M. S. PHALAK1, R. B. WAGHULADE2
1
Department of Applied Physics, Government College of Engineering Jalgaon (MS) India
2
Dhanaji Nana Chaudhari Vidya Prabodhini’s Arts, Commerce and Science College, Jalgaon (MS) India
mrinalini65@rediffmail.com
Abstract: PolypyrrolePPy and CdO / PPynano composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization technique
and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron
Microscopy (FEG-SEM), which confirmed the presence of CdO in PPy matrix. The synthesized materials were
further used for sensing various gases like LPG, NH3, CO2 and H2S gas. The change in resistance of the material
with time was recorded after the response of NH 3 gas. The increase in electrical resistance is due to transfer of
charge from the sensing material to the analyzed gas and absorption of gas into the polymer matrix. The
sensitivity was found maximum for NH3. The 50 wt. % CdO / PPynano composite showed maximum sensitivity
(104 %) for 400 ppm of NH3 gas.The effects of microstructure and additive concentration on the gas response,
selectivity, response time and recovery time of the sensor in the presence of NH3 gas were studied and
discussed.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Influence of Telluride on Nano Crystalline CdS Thin Films Deposited

by Closed Space Sublimation Technique
M. S. KALE
Department of Electronics-Physics, Shirish Madhukarrao Chaudhari College, Jalgaon, MH, India
Email: milindkale616@yahoo.com
Abstract: The thin films of CdS1-xTex have been deposited on ultra-clean glass substrates by close space
sublimation technique. The structural, morphological, elemental, optical and electrical studies of elaborated
films were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), EDAX, UV-VIS
and Thermo Electric Power Measurement (TEP) respectively. The XRD investigation indentified the grown
films are polycrystalline having orthorhombic crystal structure with preferential orientation along (040) plan.
The degree of preferred orientation is influenced by the chemical composition. The SEM study reveals that
particles are homogeneous and closely bound together. The quantitative analysis of grown films was done by
EDAX technique. The optical band gap of the films has been studied using absorption spectra in wavelength
range 300–900 nm by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Thermo Electrical parameters such as Fermi energy,
absorption coefficient have been evaluated.
Keywords: CdS1-xTex Thin Film, XRD, SEM , EDAX, UV-VIS, TEP

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Study of Fragmentation and Ultrasonic flow impacts of several metal based Alloys
W. DU1 , B. WANG1,2, T. L. LEE1,3, J. C. KONG1,4, B. KOE1,5, D. TAN1 , W. ZHANG1 , C. WANG1 , Y. ZHAO1 T.
MANUWONG1 , A. SUMAYLI1 , T. CONNOLLEY5 , A. J. BODEY5 , J. FIFE6 , K. FEZZAA7 , A. RACK8 , J. MI1*
1
* School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
2
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
3
ISIS Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
4
Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT
5
Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
6
TOMCAT, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
7
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
8
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
Abstract: We present a number of highlight cases in our recent projects funded by the Royal Society and the
EPSRC. Our focus is to study in real-time and in-situ the dynamic evolution of solidification microstructures
under ultrasonic waves [1, 2] and pulse magnetic fields [3]. We have used the speciality beamlines from the
Diamond Light Source, Advanced Photon Source, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, and Swiss Light
Source for our studies and worked closely with the relevant beamline scientists when did the work. We also
used the high performance supercomputer, Viper, housed at Hull University to process and analyze the many
hundreds of TB data acquired from the experiments. Our research demonstrates that real-time and in-situ
visualisation of the dynamic microstructural evolution is absolutely essential for elucidating some of the
ambiguities or missing links in the classical theories concerning the solidification processes of metal alloys.
Real-time evidence shows that the shock wave created at ultrasonic bubble implosion and the pinch stresses
produced by the electromagnetic pulse are very effective in causing the fragmentation of dendrites or
intermetallic phases, promoting greatly the grain multiplication effect, and therefore enhancing grain refinement.
Keywords: Solidification, Intermetallic refinement, Fragmentation, Synchrotron X-ray radiography, Ultrasonic
melt processing
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Synthesis, growth, and characterization of a novel nonlinear optical

organic material for optical device applications
A. N. PRABHU, P. P. VINAYA
Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576 104, India
Email: ashwatha.prabhu@manipal.edu
Abstract: Third order nonlinear optical material 4-[(1E)-3-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-
yl]phenyl4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonate (TPMS) was synthesized by Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction
method and single crystals were grown by solution growth technique. The functional groups corresponding to
the vibrational frequencies has been confirmed through FT-IR and FT-RAMAN spectroscopic techniques. The
single crystal XRD analysis revealed the crystal is belonging to monoclinic crystal structure with P2 1 /n space
group. The optical properties were studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
From UV-visible study the cut-off wavelength of TPMS is found to be 432 nm and the crystal is transparent in
entire visible and near IR region. The crystal has blue light emission property with less defects were observed
from photoluminescence studies. The TPMS is thermally stable up to 254°C. The third order nonlinear optical
properties of nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction were studied using open / closed aperture Z-Scan
technique. The high value of nonlinear absorption co-efficient makes the material suitable for optical limiting
application and this behavior is due to reverse saturable absorption. The large value of third order nonlinear
susceptibility (10-11esu) makes the material capable to be used in optical device applications.
Keywords: Organic compound, Growth from solutions, Single-crystal growth, Characterization, Nonlinear
optical material
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Effect of soaking time on the structural and morphological properties of

Cu2ZnSnS3 (CZTS) prepared using solid state reaction technique
NAGABHUSHAN J CHOUDHARI, NAMRATHA, SHUBHAVA, RAVIPRAKASH Y
Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal -576 104 India
Email: raviprakash.y@manipal.edu
Abstract: The copper zinc tin sulfide Cu2ZnSnS3 (CZTS) is a p-type direct band gap material; its elements are
non-toxic and earth-abundant. It can be used in photo thermal conversion of solar energyand as selective
radiation filters on architectural windows. The CZTS compound was synthesized by solid state reaction method.
The influence of soaking time on the structural and morphological properties ofthese films are investigated.
Bulk CZTS polycrystals synthesized at various temperature rate profile. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the
formation of CZTS polycrystals corresponds to the tetragonal phase. Further investigation on the XRD pattern
showed that prepared samples do not contain any secondary phases.The crystallite size calculated using Debye-
Scherer’s formula was found to be in the range of 34nm-46nm and was found to be increasing with the slower
temperature rate. It has been observed that the lattice strain and dislocation density deceases and crystallite size
increases with the decrease in temperature rate profile. Compositional analysis using EDAX showed that all the
samples were copper rich and sulfur deficient. This is due to the reactivities of different metals during melting
and processing temperature profile. It is concluded that slower temperature rate has a significant positive impact
on the structure and composition of CZTS compound.
Keywords: Cu2ZnSnS3 (CZTS), Solar absorber material, XRD, EDS
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Tuning of Structural and Optical Properties of Silver Nanoparticulate

Films on Polymer Substrates
GURUMURTHY S. C.1, ANJU JOLLY1, ANJANA UDAY1, MANJUNATHAPATTABI2, GANESH SANJEEV3
1
Department of Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal – 576 104, Karnataka India
2
Department of Materials Science, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri – 574 199, Karnataka India
3
Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri – 574 199, Karnataka India
Email: gurumurthy.sc@manipal.edu
Abstract: Two-dimensional materials have changed the electronics industry to a great extent. These materials
have unique electrical, optical, magnetic properties compared to their bulk counterparts. These unique properties
are mainly attributed to the reduction in the size of the material and their high surface to volume ratio. These
materials and their features have been extensively used for optical filters, sensors, electronics, biomedical
applications, etc. The present work is taken up to explore the possibility of tuning the optical, electrical and
structural properties of metal nanoparticles deposited on the modified substrate. Here the polymer polystyrene
(PS) is an inert polymer is changed by electron beam irradiation, by doping with silane group, by blending with
an interactive polymer poly(4- vinylpyridine) (P4VP), and by electron beam irradiation of the prepared blends
(PS/P4VP). Silver films were deposited on to pure PS and modified PS at a rate of 0.4 nm/sec at 455 K which is
above the glass transition temperature of the substrate. The optical absorbance studies show a shift in
wavelength (λmax) towards higher wavelength for the films deposited on modified substrates compared to films
on pure polymer substrates, the change depends on the irradiation dose, dopant concentration, and also on the
nature of the interactive polymer. Results of the optical properties indicate a change in morphology of the films
with the formation of smaller clusters with smaller inter-cluster separation on modified substrates compared to
films on pure PS substrate. Which is further confirmed by scanning electron micrograph studies. To summarize
the results indicates that the properties of the metal nanoparticles deposited on polymer substrates can be tuned
by irradiation, doping, and also by blending with an interactive polymer.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Thin films, Irradiation, dopants
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Antidiabetic activity of LC-MS characterized Gentiana kurroo
Royle in diabetic rats
KHALID GHAZANFAR MUSTAFA1, SEEMA AKBAR1, BASHIR A. GANAI2
1
Drug Standardisation Research Unit, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CCRUM),
Naseem Bagh, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India190006
2
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India 190006
Email: mirghazi@gmail.com
Abstract: Gentiana kuroo Royle- an important ethno-medicinal plant of North-western Himalays proclaimed to be
effective against various ailments, has been studied for various pharmacological activities. In the present study, the plant
extracts were investigated for the antidiabetic effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin injection was
used to induce diabetes in fasted rats. Various biochemical, physiological and histopathological parameters in diabetic rats
were observed for assessing the antidiabetic activity. The serum glucose concentrations in diabetic rats were significantly
decreased by the extracts (methanolic and hydroethanolic at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight). Several other
biochemical parameters like creatinine, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, serum
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase were likewise decreased by the
concentrates. The extracts also showed reduction in feed and water consumption of diabetic rats when compared with the
diabetic control. The extracts were found to demonstrate regenerative/protective effect on β-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats.
The methanolic and hydroethanolic extracts also exhibited hypoglycaemic effect in normal glucose-fed rats (oral glucose
tolerance tests). LC-MS characterization of this extract showed the presence of these compounds – Swertiamarin, swertisin,
lupeol, etc. The current study demonstrated the anti-diabetic capability of G. kuroo Royle being powerful in reducing
hyperglycaemia and can viably ensure against other metabolic deviations caused by diabetes in rats. The bioactive principles
responsible for the antidiabetic activity of G. kurroo Royle are Swertiamarin, swertisin and lupeol.
Keywords: Β-Cells, Diabetes, Gentiana kurroo Royle, Hypoglycaemia, Streptozotocin
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Sweroside - an iridoid glycoside from Gentiana kurroo exhibits anti-
diabetic activity
KHALID GHAZANFAR MUSTAFA1, SEEMA AKBAR1 BASHIR A. GANAI2
1
Drug Standardisation Research Unit, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Naseem Bagh,
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India190006
2
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India 190006
Email: mirghazi@gmail.com
Abstract: The Gentianaceae plant family has been reported to have the presence of characteristic compounds (iridoids,
seco-iridoids and glycoside analogs), majority of which includes gentiopicroside, sweroside, swertiamarin and loganic acid,
as the Herbal extracts containing iridoids, seco-iridoids and analogs exhibit many pharmacological activities. Sweroside an
iridoid glycoside is a bioactive herbal ingredient isolated from the methanolic extract of the plant Gentiana kurroo through
column chromatography and identified and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The estimation of sweroside
in the extract was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A single intraperitoneal injection of STZ
(50mg/kg of body weight) was used to induce the diabetes in albino wistar rats. The diabetic rats were orally administered
sweroside (50 mg/kg of body weight) repeatedly for 14 days. The effect of sweroside on fasting glucose levels, insulin level,
and other related biochemical parameters e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined. The histopathological study of pancreas, liver and
kidney was also determined. The study shows that oral administration of sweroside for 14 days resulted in a significant (p <
0.01) decrease in fasting glucose levels, creatinine, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, cholesterol, ALP, AST, ALT. The
body weight of diabetic rats was also improved by the sweroside administration. Sweroside was also found to have a
regenerative/protective effect on β-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats. This study proves that the sweroside is one of the
bioactive principles of Gentiana kurroo as it exhibits antidiabetic activity.
Keywords: Sweroside, Gentiana Kurroo, Anti-Hyperglycaemic, Anti-Hyperlipidaemic, Streptozotocin
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Evaluation of microbial load in the processing of coffee cherry
relating it’s economic loss
BHARATHI PRAKASH1, G. D. KHEDKAR2, C. H. SUMANGALA3
1,3
Department of Microbiology, University College, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka
2
Paul Hebert’s Center for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity studies, Dr. BAM University, Maharashtra
Email: bharatiprakash21@gmail.com
Abstract: Coffee is an economically important agricultural product and a popular beverage. It deserves the utmost care in
growing, harvesting, processing, roasting, and brewing. Cherries are the main yield of coffee that are picked and processed
as soon as possible to prevent spoilage. These beans, still inside the parchment envelope, can be dried in the sun or by
machine in large tumblers. The dried beans are known as parchment coffee, and are warehoused in jute or sisal bags until
they are ready for export. To keep up the best quality and flavor, Coffee arabica cherry with different moisture levels were
analysed from Coffee processing unit of Mangalore, Karnataka. In the present study, Microbial isolation was done at
different stages of coffee processing schedule. The bacteria from coffee beans were isolated on Tryptone Soya Agar media
by Pour plate method and the fungi were isolated by moisture chamber technique and by direct plating method on
Sabourauds Dextrose Agar. Identification of isolated colonies were made based on microscopic observations. The bacteria
isolated were all common contaminants viz Staphylococci and bacillus species. Among the fungi isolated from coffee beans
were Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Penicillium species. Both, the plate and slide method predominantly showed Aspergillus
niger on coffee beans. Aspergillus spp. are the common contaminant as its spores are present in the soil and air. The high
moisture level in coastal area, may attract more fungal spores on coffee beans. Fungal contamination is of great concern as it
accumulates mycotoxins and also drastically changes the flavour of coffee. It can lead to rejection with low or no market
value. Hence, it is imperative to preserve the coffee cherry quality while processing and storage by avoiding microbial
contamination. This will subsequently increase the shelf life of coffee beans & save the industry from related economic loss.
Keywords: Coffee, Aspergillus Spp. Moisture, Processing, Mycotoxins

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Studies on influence of different levels of Fertigation and Foliar application of nutrients on
yield & quality of capsicum production grown in soilless media under polyhouse conditions
RAJNEET KAUR1, S. K. SINGH2, H. C. RATURI3
1
Department of Agriculture, G.K.S.M Government College, TandaUrmur, Hoshiarpur, Punjab-144204
2
Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab-140406
Email: mkaur5970@gmail.com, sandeephort0233@gmail.com
Abstract: The experiment was carried out at the Polyhouse, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College,
Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India, during Kharif 2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design
with five replications. The treatments consisted of T 1: 50% Fertigation + 50% Foliar, T2 : 70% Fertigation +
30% Foliar, T3 : 30% Fertigation + 70% Foliar, T 4 : 80% Fertigation + 20% Foliar, T 5 : 100% Fertigation, T6 :
100% Foliar, T7 : Control. Application of different levels of fertilizers increased the yield and quality of
capsicum. It was recorded that maximum number of branches plant -1(13.56), number of fruits per plant (20.27),
average fruit weight (84.03 g), fruit length (7.24 cm), fruit diameter (6.80 cm), fruit yield per plant (1703.37 g),
fruit yield per hectare (62.88 t ha-1), harvest index (8.30%), fruit firmness (4.52 kg cm-2), shelf life (10.04 days)
and physiological loss in weight (13.72%) were recorded with the application of 50 per cent Fertigation + 50 per
cent Foliar whereas pH (7.1), ascorbic acid (118.67 mg 100 g-1), TSS (6.75 °Brix) were recorded maximum with
the application of 100 per cent Fertigation. The same treatment also produced the highest net returns of Rs.
19,32,555.88 along with benefit: cost ratio (3.31:1).
Keywords: Fertigation, Foliar, Soilless, NPK
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Analyze Cancer Patients to find out the people who are in danger
RAIYAN KABIR
BRAC University, Mohakhali, Bangladesh
Email: raiyankabir14@gmail.com
Abstract: Last few years there is a rapid growth of cancer patients in the world. According to the American
Cancer Society, in the United States, about 1,620 people were expected to die of cancer each day in 2015. In
2016, 8.9 million people are estimated to have died from the various forms of cancer. It is increasing day by
day. We have to take quick steps to lessen it. There are some risk factors of cancer. Such as age, food habit,
family history, genes, heath conditions, environment etc. We can collect the information from the patients. Then
we can analyze data. Depending on the data we can get lots of habits of them. We can analyze the data and
predict the future patients. Most of the time cancer virus is found almost in the last stage. So, based on the habits
and environment, we can assume people and keep them in regular health checking. As a result, if they are going
to attacked by virus of cancer we can detect it easily in the first and second stage. In a consequences, we can
take necessary steps to cure. Because, research shows that if cancer can be detected in first or second stage it can
be cured. Thus we can reduce the number of the cancer dying people.
Keywords: Cancer, Data, Analyze, Assuming, Cure.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Analytical Evaluation of Thermal Stresses in Functionally Graded Material

Plates using First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT)
SANGEETHA DM1, NAVEEN KUMAR DT2, PRAKASH K. E.1
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Shreedevi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangalore, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
Email: dr7795787676@gmail.com, naveendt012@gmail.com
Abstract: The advancement in the field of composites lead to the development of a new material called
Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). An innovative idea of gradation of two distinct materials is introduced
in FGMs to withstand high temperature variations across thin section. In this study analytical formulations and
theoretical solutions were developed for the FGM plates subjected to thermal loads using refined computational
model based on First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). Material properties are assumed to vary
according to power-law function. The effects of thermal stresses are studied for constant, linear and nonlinear
variation of temperatures across the thickness of the plate, whereas in-plane is assumed to be sinusoidal. The
accuracy of solutions obtained is first compared with the results that are already reported in the literature. Upon
establishing the accuracy, numerical results are obtained for the simply supported FGM plates subjected to
thermal loads with varying material and plate parameters. Studies were performed by varying the length to
breadth ratio, side-to-thickness ratio and power law parameter. Comparative studies are performed between
various temperature profiles and bench mark results are presented for displacements, in-plane and transverse
stresses.
Keywords: Functionally Graded Plates (FGM), Analytical Formulation, Power-Law function, Thermal Stresses,
First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT)
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Modelling of Free form shell and Effect of Edge Beams in Free Form
Large Span Shell Structure
VIJAYALAXMI KEDILAYA1, SHREELAXMI PRASANTH1, ANIL HEGDE2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India
2
Vimal Anil Structural Consultants, Mangalore, India
Email: vijayalaxmikedilaya@gmail.com, shrilaxmi.civil@gmail.com
Abstract: The present study seeks to explore the design aspects of free form shells and the effects of the edge
beams cast at the edges of the shell structure. The design of the freeform shell has been done as per the codal
provisions stipulated in IS: 2210-1988. Preliminary modelling was done in SketchUp and the model was later
created in AUTOCAD. Final model has been obtained in STAAD Pro by importing the structure created in
AUTOCAD. The shell has then been analysed for its stability. The edge beams were created as per the codal
provisions. Free form shell have been known for its architectural features. The beautifully curved structures
have also proven to be the effective load carriers than any other conventional forms, thus adding to the structural
advantage. When used in auditoriums, commercial buildings or any other structures where the aesthetics is
given more importance, free forms serve as an innovative option to the architects. Eliminating the column from
the structure, the free form shells give rise to a building with large unobstructed space. In this study, the effect of
Edge beams in free form shell has been studied. The edge beams contribute to the stiffness of the structure and
also transfer the loads acting on the free form shell effectively to the foundation.
Keywords: Modelling, Free Form Shell, Edge Beams, Stresses, Displacement

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Effect of corrosion in concrete structures on response to earthquake

MD ASHRAFUL IMRAN1, MD SAMDANI AZAD2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, RUET, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mahidol University, Thailand
Email: imran10ruet@gmail.com, mdsamdani.aza@student.mahidol.ac.th
Abstract: Corrosion in concrete structure is a common phenomenon and its consequences are significant over
the ages. Concrete structures are generally designed for certain design periods. Creep, shrinkages, corrosion and
fatigues are time dependent changes in structures. Among these, corrosion is much more significant for concrete
structures because it decreases the overall stiffness greatly. The consideration of corrosion effect is achieved by
corrosion deterioration of the RC (Reinforced Concrete) elements as a percentage of decrement in the cross
sectional areas and stiffness. Different corrosion aspects are considered in the analysis, including the loss of the
reinforcement cross-sectional area, the degradation of concrete cover and the reduction of steel ultimate
deformation. Nonlinear static analysis is performed to find the ultimate capacity and nonlinear behaviour.
Strength parameters are considered to observe the aging effect in terms of corrosion loss. Incremental dynamic
analysis (IDA) is performed to assess the seismic performance of the initial undamaged and corroded RC
frames. Site specific ground motions are selected and the time dependent fragility functions are derived. The
fragility curves are deduced in terms of the spectral acceleration at the fundamental mode of the structure. The
outcome of the study demonstrates the aging effect and strength loss of the structure due to corrosion.
Keywords: Corrosion, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), Fragility Curves, Aging Effects
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Effect of Torsional Irregularity one Site Specific Seismic Response

MD ASIFUR RAHMAN 1, ARSHIB IMTIAJ2
1
Danish refugee council, Cox’x Bazar, Bangladesh
2
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Email: asifurrahman717@gmail.com, arshiburp11@gmail.com
Abstract: Irregularities in buildings are common phenomenon these days due to architectural criteria as well as
client requirements or sometimes due to land conditions. Irregularity is a dominant issue for environmental
hazard analysis of buildings. Irregular buildings are susceptible to damages due to extreme environmental
conditions. There are a number of seismic prone areas in Bangladesh. For those areas, construction of irregular
buildings are much dangerous. According to code of practices, there are different types of horizontal and
vertical irregularities. This paper discusses about a type of horizontal irregularity considered as torsional
irregularity and effect on seismic response. Torsional irregularities are often found for discontinuity of lands or
sometimes plan arrangement. Centre of mass and center of stiffness are not in same point due to this type of
irregularity which create additional torsional moment from lateral loads. Nonlinear static analysis is conducted
to withstand the nonlinear behavior of buildings. After incorporating analysis, site specific seismic data are
collected. Fragility curves were developed from the site specific earthquake data. From the statistical analysis, it
is found that torsion has significant impact on the seismic response.
Keywords: Buildings, Torsion, Seismic, Hazard

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Comparative Study of High Rise RCC Building Structure using Outrigger

Structural System
AKSHAY SHINDE, POPAT KUMBHAR
Department of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Sangli, India
Email: akshayshinde253@gmail.com, popat.kumbhar@ritindia.edu
Abstract: The outrigger structural system is one of the most effective systems used to control lateral
displacements occurring due to seismic forces so that the risk of structural and non-structural damages can be
minimized. For high-rise buildings, located in seismic active zone, the outrigger system can be chosen as an
appropriate structure. This paper focuses on efficient use of outrigger structural system provided at various
positions along the height of building for G+40 storied high-rise RCC building subjected to earthquake force.
For outriggers, X and V-type bracing systems are used. The modeling and analysis of RCC building is
performed using finite element based software (ETABS) by following guidelines of revised IS: 1893 (Part 1)-
2016. Five different models are prepared for different positions of outrigger system and results have been
computedusing response spectrum analysis method. The results indicate that lateral displacement and maximum
storey drift is reduced by 34.96% and 31.17% respectively using X-type bracing outriggers compared to
conventional building. The X-type bracing outriggers give minimum displacement and drift values for their
location at every tenth floor of the building.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Outriggers, Belt Truss, Lateral Displacement, ETABS.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage in underground Mines using
Industrial Byproducts
AMDE M. AMDE
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Email: amde@umd.edu
Abstract: Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a phenomenon that occurs when abandoned coalmines fill with water
and leach out into the environment. AMD is a persistent industrial pollution problem throughout western
Maryland, West Virginia and Virginia. Noting the severity of the problem, efforts have been made to abate acid
mine drainage in underground mines using blends of coal combustion byproducts (CCB) and limekiln dust
(LKD). In this article, the causes of the AMD are highlighted and its consequences on the environment are
briefly discussed. The properties of selected CCB materials are reviewed and suitable CCB grout mix
proportions are formulated. The grout mixes were designed to achieve sufficient workability so as to flow freely
around obstacles and develop sufficient compressive strength to carry out the overburden with the ultimate aim
of forming solid barriers and preventing acid mine drainage. In addition, the early age properties of the grout
mixes, which include setting time, bleeding and workability, were studied and the compressive strength
developments were investigated. All materials used for this study were obtained from by-product suppliers. The
findings of this research work have demonstrated the practicality and feasibility of developing CCB grouts for
abating Acid Mine Drainage. Based on the encouraging test results, relevant conclusions are made and
recommendations are forwarded.
Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage; Coal Combustion Byproducts; Coal Mines; Flue Gas Desulphurisation;
Fly Ash; Lime Kiln Dust; Permeability
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Smart health monitoring techniques for civil, mechanical and aerospace
structures using Piezo Sensors
VISALAKSHI TALAKOKULA1 and SURESH BHALLA2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Bennett University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
Email: basavishali@gmail.com
Abstract: The last few decades have witnessed construction of vast infrastructural facilities all over the world and its
ageing is creating maintenance problems which increasingly prompting the development of automated structural
health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive evaluation systems (NDE) to provide cost-effective alternative to
traditional visual inspection. Similar necessity is increasingly felt for civil and military aircraft, spaceships, heavy
machinery, trains, and so on. Any component of a structure either civil, mechanical or aerospace, its condition is
required to be evaluated periodically during its life span to detect any incipient damage to mitigate potential hazards to
the general public as with the passage of time, some flaws or localized damages are bound to occur in the structural
components. The recent advent of ‘smart’ or ‘intelligent’ materials and structures concept and technologies has
ushered a new avenue for the development SHM/ NDE systems. Smart piezoelectric-ceramic (PZT) materials, for
example, have emerged as high frequency mechatronic impedance transducers (MITs) for SHM and NDE because of
its unique property in which electric dipoles (surface charges) are generated when the crystals are loaded with
mechanical deformations. The same crystals also exhibit the converse effect; that is, they undergo mechanical
deformations when subjected to electric fields. This paper presents an overview of smart health monitoring techniques
using piezo sensors used as a damage detecting senor to monitor the stress induced, diagnosis of incipient damage,
damage due to loosening of bolts, damage due to debonding etc. The piezo sensor can also be used as a strength
monitoring sensor to predict the strength of the concrete non-destructively during its curing process and as a corrosion
sensor to assess the deterioration of reinforcing steel when subjected to corrosion laden environment.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Study on Influence of Salinity in Gurupura Estuary Sand on

Durability of Reinforced Cement Concrete
K. E. PRAKASH1, P. RAVEESHA2, B. T. SURESH BABU3
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Shree Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Institute of Technology, Ujire, India
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Angady Institute of Technology and Management, Belagavi, India
Email: prakashke@yahoo.co.in, ravishpadumale@gmail.com, sureshbabubt@rediffmail.com
Abstract: Salinity or chloride has highly influence on properties of reinforced cement concrete. The property of
materials used to prepare concrete also plays an important role. The life period of composite material also
depends on the use of materials for manufacture. In concrete, generally the alkalinity is about 13.0 to 13.5,
which is highly alkaline. This high alkalinity protects the reinforcement from depassivation and as a result no
corrosion will occur in steel. The high chloride in concrete causes the reduction of alkaline and hence initiates
the corrosion. Chloride content starts the corrosion later indirectly which plays an apart in the failure of concrete
structure. Sand mined from estuary zone is known as estuary sand. Estuary is the region where salt water and
fresh water mixing process takes place. Due to high density salt water settles downstream and makes the sand
saline. The saline water is rich in chloride content. The present study was carried to find the influence of salinity
or chloride content in Gurupura estuary sand on properties of reinforced cement concrete. River flows through
Mangaluru and forms an estuary at Ullala in the coastline. Ten sample locations were identified in Gurupura
estuary for sampling. The salinity or chloride concentration was determined by evaporation, titration and
conductivity methods. The results show that, the chloride concentration in estuary sand highly influences
corrosion of reinforced cement concrete.
Keywords: Estuary, Salinity, Gurupura, Estuary sand

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Numerical Modelling of Structural Pounding between

Soft Storey Structures
LOKESH UDATHA, VENKATA DILIP KUMAR
Department of Civil Engineering, Mahindra École Centrale, Hyderabad, India
Email: lokesh9.udatha@gmail.com, venkata.pasupuleti@mechyd.ac.in
Abstract: Structural pounding is a phenomenon of concern to all the structural designers around the globe,
especially at seismic prone areas. It occurs due to inadequate space between buildings. During an earthquake,
due to the dissimilarity in dynamic characteristics, they vibrate out-of-phase and if they are parted with less
distance pounding occurs. Wide research on structural pounding has been carried out for various types of RCC
and steel structures. The effect of pounding between soft storey structures is nascent. This research work
concentrates on developing numerical models to understand the pounding phenomenon between soft storey
structures with same and different heights. All the numerical models were developed and analysed using finite
element method based software ANSYS. Our results discuss on minimum separation distance between two soft
storey RCC structures and compared with previous studies.
Keywords: Structural Pounding, Earthquake Engineering, Soft storey, FEM, ANSYS
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Prediction of unconfined compressive strength and split tensile strength of

Kaolin stabilized with cement, rice husk ash and pond ash
DEEPAK GUPTA1, ARVIND KUMAR2, AKASH PRIYADARSHEE3
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic college, Jammu,India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
3
Deaprtemnt of Civil Engineering, MIT Muzaffarpur, Muzaffarpur, India
Email: deepakg757@gmail.com, agnihotriak@nitj.ac.in, i.akashpriyadarshee1@gmail.com
Abstract: In this study a mathematical model based upon regression analysis for the prediction of unconfined
compressive strength and split tensile strength of kaolin soil mixed with cement, rice husk ash and pond ash is
developed. Cement content, rice husk ash content, pond ash content and curing periods are considered as
variable parameters in analysis. Curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days were considered for UCS and STS testing.
Test results have shown the predicted values of unconfined compressive strength and split tensile strength are
compared with the experimental values which are in good relation with each other. From the analysis coefficient
of determination i.e. R2 was found 0.88 and 0.79 for unconfined compressive strength of soil and split tensile
strength of soil respectively.
Keywords: Kaolin, Pond Ash, Rice Husk Ash, Unconfined Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Waste plastic as an effective construction material

SIRI CHANDANA V., GAAYATRI Y., BHARGAVA NAIDU ESR, SHIVA BHISNE,
CHITRA GURNANI, VENKATA DILIP KUMAR
Email: chandana15187@mechyd.ac.in, gayatri15228@mechyd.ac.in, bhargava15236@mechyd.ac.in,
shiva14210@mechyd.ac.in, chitra.gurnani@mechyd.ac.in, venkata.pasupuleti@mechyd.ac.in
Abstract: Recent tremendous surge in the plastic debris is a major environmental concern. Plastic waste
amounts to approx. 6.9 billion tons and a staggering 6.3 billion tons never get trashed effectively causing land
and water pollution. The effective ways to reuse the debris offers major challenge. In addition to traditional
recycling services, there is a need of designing innovative “upcycling” processes. Plastic debris can serve as a
valuable raw material for the construction industry. Due to population explosion there is a constant need of
affordable housing. Manufacturing interlocking bricks from discarded plastic waste and using them as
construction material can pose an effective solution to affordable housing and plastic waste management
concerns. In addition, assembling them is a quicker process and cheaper than the existing construction methods.
We have successfully fabricated plastic bricks of size 190mmx80mmx50mm and have performed compressive
strength tests on these bricks. The brick composition has varied content of polypropylene (PP), High-density
polyethylene (HDPE), Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with sand and\or bitumen. Open source machines1
were modified to fabricate interlocking plastic bricks using the extrusion process. We have observed that a mix
design brick possesses highest compressive strength of 15 MPa. Furthermore, we have explored the effect of
surface finish and proportion of bitumen onto the compressive strength. These key findings and its role in
construction of partition wall will be discussed.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A Technique for House Lifting: Prototype Model

VENKAT VINEETH KARUMURI, MANOJ RAJ LAKKISITTY, VENKATA JAYA CHANDRA
MULLAPUDI, VENKATA DILIP KUMAR
Email: k.v.v1324@gmail.com, rajmanoj21@gmail.com, chandra15218@mechyd.ac.in,
venkata.pasupuleti@mechyd.ac.in
Abstract: Urban areas are increasing, so as the structures. Lakes in cities are being covered with concrete jungle
reducing infiltration of rain water. Indians have experienced stagnation of water in villages and cities from days
to months especially during rainy seasons. Several families have to stay in buildings where ground floors are
partially submerged in the water every year. This has become a problem of concern especially in cities, where
low lying areas are always prone to water stagnation effecting life of both human and structure.
This research work focuses on developing a methodology to lift a house using hydraulic jacks. For this study
the loads acting on single and double storey structures are considered. The technique involves separation of a
building from its foundation using hydraulic jacks which is a complex process in terms of time and procedure.
The number of jacks required to raise the building are calculated using a special program coded in MATLAB.
To address the safety concerns, a prototype model is developed and a step by step procedure for house lifting is
demonstrated.
Keywords: Floods, House Lifting, MATLAB, Jacks, Foundation

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Experimental Determination of Permeability of Filter material based on

Controlling Constriction Size
NASIR AHMAD RATHER1, MOHD AKBAR LONE2, ABDUL QAYOOM DAR2, BINTUL HUDA MIR2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, BGSB University, Rajouri, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India
Email: nasir_11phd13@nitsri.net
Abstract: The present laboratory investigation is an attempt to predict the coefficient of permeability of filter
material on the basis of controlling constriction size of filter material. Different types of filter gradations were
considered for the laboratory testing and the controlling constriction size for the different filter gradations were
worked out. An empirical model based on the experimental results of coefficient of permeability and the
controlling constriction size of the filter material was developed in the present study. Further, the developed
model was validated in the laboratory with a different set of filter material.
Keywords: Permeability, Constriction Size, Filter, Laboratory, Gradation
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Effect of Shape of Obstruction on Local Scour Depth

BINTUL HUDA MIR1, MOHD AKBAR LONE1, NASIR AHMAD RATHER2
1
2
Email: huda_07phd13@nitsri.net
Abstract: Local scouring involves a complex mechanism. It depends on a number of parameters; among all the
factors, discharge and silt factor define the two most parameters; i.e. flow property and bed material parameter.
The type of bed material in which the obstruction/ hydraulic structure is set is very crucial for the stability of the
structure. Laboratory studies were conducted in the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, NIT, Srinagar. Tests were
conducted with two different sediment sizes and five flow velocities. Local scouring was measured around ten
different obstruction shapes for the two different sediment sizes for five flow velocities and a model was
developed for local scour depth prediction with silt factor as a major independent variable. In the present study,
relationships were developed between local scour depth, silt factor and discharge for ten different obstruction
shapes.
Keywords: Scour; Silt Factor; Velocity; Sediment Size; Significance; Flume; Shape; Obstruction

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Plastic hinge formation and base shear of flat slab and conventional slab
structures in different seismic zones of India
SANDEEP G. S., GURURAJ PATIL
Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Email: sandeep.jan31@gmail.com
Abstract: Earthquakes are the most catastrophic natural calamities of all the times. It is impossible to predict
the nature and extent of damage caused by earthquakes. Seismic performance of buildings should be assessed
properly to safeguard a structure against devastating effects of future earthquakes. Flat slabs are becoming
popular as they are economical and gaining importance over conventional slab system and are commonly
adopted in commercial multistoried buildings because of their multiple advantages over conventional slab
buildings w.r.t their architectural superiority and interior space flexibility. The structural efficiency of the flat
slab construction is hindered by its poor performance under seismic loading. The study is focused on seismic
behavior of flat slab and conventional slab buildings. Linear dynamic response spectrum analysis and push over
analysis were performed to get the seismic behavior. In the present work 5, 10 and 15 storey buildings have
been analyzed for different seismic zones of India with type II medium soil to study the effect of height of the
building on the performance of these buildings under seismic forces using ETABS software for base shear and
plastic hinge formations and are compared. It is found that base shear of flat slab is less than that of
conventional slab buildings. Conventional slab buildings have more plastic hinges at immediate occupancy
level compared to that of flat slab buildings.
Keywords: Flat Slab Building, Conventional Slab Building, Seismic Zones, Base Shear and Plastic Hinge
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Seismic Behavior of Outrigger System in High-rise RC Buildings

MALINI S. P.1 CHINMAYI H. K.2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, N.C.E.T., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sir.M.V.I.T., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Email: maliniveer@gmail.com, chinmayi.moorthy@gmail.com
Abstract: The rapid increase in population, especially in developing countries, has resulted in an increased
height of buildings. This need is creating an impact on the structural development of tall buildings. In modern
tall buildings, lateral loads are frequently resisted by coupled shear walls system. With the increase in height of
the building, there is a significant increase in lateral forces which demands a much more effective system. There
are numerous structural systems available to resist the lateral load effectively. Among which outrigger system is
one of the efficient methods which control the excessive drift due to lateral loads. Present paper attempts, to
study the performance of the outrigger system in reinforced concrete tall building subjected to seismic loads. It
also determines the efficiency and optimum location of the outrigger structural form when provided at different
heights by computing the results in terms of base shear, storey drift, displacement and moments using
commercially available finite element software.
Keywords: Tall building, Outrigger system, Seismic load, Drift, Overturning moment, Base shear, FE software

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Use of waste tyre chip as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete
ARITRA MANDAL1, 2, JESSY ROOBY1
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Hindustan University, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Techno International - Batanagar, Kolkata-700141, West Bengal, India
Email: amiaritra@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: The volume of tyre rubber wastes is increasing at a fast rate. An estimated 1000 million tyres reach
the end of their useful lives every year and 5000 millions more are expected to be discarded in a regular basis by
the year 2030. Up to now a small part is recycled and millions of tyres are just stockpiled, landfilled or buried.
The growing problem of waste tyre disposal in the India can be alleviated if new recycling routes can be found
for the surplus tyres. One of the largest potential routes is in construction, but usage of waste tyres in civil
engineering is currently very low. This study investigates the potential of incorporating recycled rubber tyre
chips into Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. This report presents the workability, strength and
durability properties of concrete incorporating rubber tyre chips as a partial replacement for the coarse aggregate
in the concrete.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Strength and Workability study of Tyre Rubber Concrete

SULAGNO BANERJEE1, JESSYROOBY2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Elitte College of Engineering, Sodepur, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Hindustan University, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: connect2sulagno@rediffmail.com, jessyrooby@gmail.com
Abstract: Due to the rapid growth in automobile industry, use of tyre is increasing day to day and there is no
reuse of the same to decrease the environmental pollution. The disposal of waste tyres is facing major problems
in India. The growing problem of waste tyre disposal in India can be alleviated if new recycling routes can be
found for the surplus tyres. It is estimated that 1.2 billions of waste tyre rubber produced globally in a year. It is
estimated that 11% of postconsumer tyres are exported and 27% are sent to landfill, stockpiled or dumped
illegally and only 4% is used for civil engineering projects. Hence efforts have been taken to identify the
potential application of waste tyres in civil engineering projects. In this present study, cubes, beams & cylinders
are casted of M25 grade by replacing 5, 10, 15 percent of tyre rubber aggregate with coarse aggregate and
compared with regular M25 grade concrete. Properties of fresh concrete like workability, compressive strength,
split tensile strength and flexural strength of hardened concrete were identified. The aim is to investigate the
optimal use of waste tyre rubber as coarse aggregate in concrete composite.
Keywords: Tyre, Rubberized Concrete, Waste material, Rubber Aggregates

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A study on microstructure of SCC when subjected to thermal cycle

RAGHAVENDRA D., PRASANNA KUMAR C., SUDHA K.
Department of Civil Engineering, Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Email: prasanna28c@gmail.com
Abstract: Self Compacting Concrete is a material used in the construction where it is suitable for placing the
concrete in difficult conditions and in structures with congested reinforcement without vibration. In case of
unexpected fire, the concrete elements such as beams, columns etc will be subjected to extreme temperatures
and need for assessment of their performance after fire. Hence, it is important to understand the change in the
concrete strength properties due to extreme temperature exposure. The compiled test data revealed distinct
difference in mechanical properties of normal, high strength and self-compacting concrete. Shape of specimen
(cube, cylinder, beam etc), size of specimen, magnitude of temperature load applied on the specimen, time
duration maintained for heating, reference on time-temperature curve, rate of heating, rate of cooling, time taken
for hot test after curing period, time taken for load test after heating, heat test on stressed/unstressed member,
type of cooling adopted on heated specimen by natural cooling or cooling by spraying water etc are the
parameters that influence the test results. To understand the behavior of concrete under elevated temperature, it
is necessary that several factors be taken into account for each experiment. Strength of concrete, type of cement,
type of aggregate, water cement ratio, etc are some of the important factors that affect the performance of
concrete at elevated temperature. Microstructure-property relationships are at the heart of modern material
science. Concrete has a highly heterogeneous and complex microstructure. Therefore, it is very difficult to
constitute realistic models of its microstructure from which the behaviour of the material can be reliably
predicted. This chapter describes the three components of the concrete microstructure namely, hydrated cement
paste, aggregate, and interfacial activities.
Key words: Self Compacting Concrete, Thermal Cycles, Microstructure.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Experimental Investigation on Expansive Soils Using Electro Kineti

Geosynthetics (EKG) under Cyclic Loading
R. THIUMALAI1, R. NIRMAL1, S. SURESH BABU1, S. GOBINATH2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Engineering & Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: thirumalai063@gmail.com, esgobinath@gmail.com
Abstract: New applications for Geosynthetics have been identified toafford an active role, initiating biological,
chemical or physical change to the matrix in which it is installed as well as providing the established functions.
This can be achieved by combining the electro kinetic phenomena of electro osmosis, electrophoresis and
associated electro kinetic functions such as electrolysis with the traditional functions of Geosynthetics. This
technique has the potential to enhance the strength and reduce compressibility of a wide range of soils. It is
comparatively new methodology is being investigated in some parts of the world as a viable in situ soil
remediation and treatment method. In this paper, a set of detailed experimental and software analysis is done on
expansive soils (i.e., clay and block cotton soil) under various condition non-saturated and fully saturated.
Prototype of the Cyclic Loading Disk (CLD) is designed, calibrated and installed. Soil samples are tested by
using cyclic loading disk (CLD). For inducing Electro Kinetic Geosynthetics (EKG) effects and converting
Alternate Current AC to Direct Current DC in soil samples, special electrical circuit is drafted from electrical
CADD. Copper as Anode, Aluminium as Cathode and Perforated PVC tube as drain system. Plaxis-3D software
is used for analysis of soil in various conditions. Results and discussion depicts that both expansive soils
provides the good improvements from lateral sliding and shear strength parameters of soil. The experimental
outcome endorses the potential of evolving electro kinetic treatment technique to stabilize shear strength of
expansive soils excellently.
Keywords: Geosynthetics, Electrolysis, Cyclic Loading Disk (CLD), Electro Kinetic
Geosynthetics (EKG) & Plaxis-3D

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Strength characteristics of Geo-polymer mortar

SHREE LAXMI PRASHANT, MOHIT SRIVASTAV, LOCHAN GUPTA, KARTIK SHARMA
Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, MAHE, Manipal, India
Email: shreelaxmi.p@manipal.edu,, mohitsrivastava588@yahoo.in, lochang21@gmail.com,
skartik006@gmail.com
Abstract: Geopolymers, produced by synthesizing aluminosilicate source materials with an alkaline activator
solution, is a promising alternative to normal cementitious paste as a binder. The present study is aimed at
understanding the preliminary properties of fly ash based geopolymer mortar. The strength of the geopolymer
mortar is based on the factors such as the concentration of the alkaline solution, the ratio of the alkali activators
and the binder and the type of curing. The type of fly ash used in the present study is F type. The tests have been
carried out on 5cm mortar cubes for compressive strength at 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. The molarity of the
sodium hydroxide solution has been varied while keeping the ratio of the mix as constant. Three molarity values
used are 10M, 12.5M and 15M. Curing regime has also been found to influence the result iii in string. Hence,
stem as well as normal curing regimes have been studied. The results and the appropriate interpretation of
results have been presented.
Keywords: Geopolymers, Mortar, Flyash, Alkaline Activators, Molarity
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A Review on dissimilar forms of footing structure lying on weak soil

S. GOBINATH1, 2, S. SURESH BABU3, K. E. PRAKASH4, A. MUGESH2
1
VTU-RRC, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology, Salem
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Email: esgobinath@gmail.com, sunisurp@gmail.com, prakashke@gmail.com,
mugeshpgscholar@gmail.com
Abstract: Construction on soft ground area is a great challenge in the field of geotechnical engineering. Many
engineering problems in the form of slope instability, bearing capacity failure or excessive settlement could
occur either during or after the construction phase due to low shear strength and high compressibility of the soil.
Several researchers have focused on Geotechnical area, particularly in underground footing structure, behaviour
in weakest soil zone to improving the bearing capacity and reducing the settlement of the footing structure with
help of reinforced soil. The use of geo-synthetic and geo-grid were used for reinforcing the weak soil structure.
But none has suggested/proposed in predicting the improvement in bearing capacity due to prestressing the
reinforcement in the granular bed and the settlements decrement by the usage of any advanced composite
materials in footing structure. Here an attempt is made in suggesting a new footing model as composite
sandwich honeycomb plate structure which is to be placed on the weak soil zone will consider as a shallow
foundation type for better and uniform pressure distribution. Honeycomb sandwich structure is a unique form of
the composite structure, and it finds a widespread use in the aerospace, military, sports, civil engineering
industry, where weight reduction is a primary concern, besides attaining low weight, high stiffness, rigidity,
durability and production cost savings, but according to our review of the past literatures, there has been less
research work is carried out on substructure construction by using honeycomb sandwich structure. Therefore in
this paper, a review of research carried out on different forms of footing and its behaviour on the reinforced and
unreinforced soil is given with an emphasis on experimental and analytical work.
Keywords: Sandwich Honeycomb, Weak Soil, Geo-Grid, Geo-Synthetic, Shallow Foundation

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Investigation in to the causes of severe roof problems in some Indian coal

mines and formulation of guidelines to reduce the ground control problems
D. S. SUBRAHMANYAM
Department of Geotechnical Engineering, National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Email: subbu3268@gmail.com
Abstract: Severe roof stability problems encountered in many of the Indian Coal Mines roadways. Typically
these mines are intersected with faults & other geological structures. These faults are well - demarcated straight
faults & have shifted the beds (coal/sandstone/shale) without causing any adverse ground control problem to the
adjacent beds. The most baffling part of these coal mines is that the same stretch of level galleries/dip rises
having similar rock type, strike of the bed & joint pattern do not have a continuous roof problem. Two such
mines were investigated to know i) Causes of failure in the roof ii) Reason for ambiguous behavior of the failure
zone & iii) Means to check the failure. The investigations included actual measurement of principal stresses
inside the mines by hydrofracture method to evaluate the extent of stress perturbation due to geological
discontinuities and numerical modeling of the study area to understand the causes of failure & to explore the
means to check the failure.
The investigations revealed that i) the cause of failure is due to the high concentration of maximum shear stress
at the roof when max. Horizontal Principal Stress (σ H) direction is 90 o to orientation of level gallery/dip raises
ii) the stress perturbation due to the influence of geological structures gives the clue that why in the same stretch
of level galleries/dip rises having similar rock type, strike of the bed and joint pattern do not have a continuous
roof problem. From the investigations it is recommended that i) Where development is yet to be undertaken:
Developing the level galleries/ dip rises in the recommended directions vis a vis stress may help in improving
the roof condition ii) Where the existing level galleries and dip rises cannot be modified vis a vis stress
direction: A systematic and scientific way of support system is required for the mines.
Keywords: Hydrofracturing; In-situ stress; Level galleries/dip rises, Stress perturbation

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Investigation of groundwater quality in relation to iron and manganese in

Pepel-Northern Sierra Leone
YAGUBA JALLOH1 , KYURO SASAKI1 ABU B. JALLOH2 MUSTAPHA OLAJIDAY THOMAS2
1
Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan
2
Dept. Geology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone
Email: yjalloh2010@gmail.com
Abstract: Sierra Leone experienced high amount of rainfall, which goes into storage in the subsurface, to build
up the groundwater potential in the country. In Pepel, northern region of Sierra Leone, majority of the
population depend on groundwater for domestic and other purposes. Iron ore mined from Tonkolili are
stockpiled in Pepel for shipping. Even though there is high, potential of groundwater there is still a serious
problem with adequate availability and quality of groundwater, because both the quantity and quality of water in
the boreholes are not properly managed. The objectives of this research is to determine how the presence of of
NO3- and SO-4, influence the lowering of pH of the water.
Analyses of water quality showed low pH values in all the boreholes due to the presence of NO3- and SO-4. As
sulphates and Nitrates increase the pH lowers, the water becomes acidic and more Mn 2+ and Fe2+ are dissolved.
As the acid water interact with the iron and manganese on the surface, Fe2+ and Mn2+ are dissolved because of
low pH. This may leach through the ground slowly to contaminate the underground water resources. Fecal-
coliform showed no correlation with pH. The presence of fecal coliforms in the wells may be due to movement
of pollutants from closely located pit latrines and leaking septic tanks as well as indiscriminate defecation by
people around the wells.
Keywords: Groundwater, Portable Water, Water Quality and Acid Water
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Investigation of the potential of polyvinyl alcohol as an inhibitor of

spontaneous combustion of low rank coal
MASAKI UEMATSU1, YUICHI SUGAI2, RONALD NGUELE2, KYURO SASAKI2
1
2
Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan
Email: sugai@mine.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Abstract: The consumption of low rank coal has not been increased for many years because it is easy to be
combusted spontaneously and difficult to be transported for a long distance and stored for long time.
Technologies preventing the spontaneous combustion of coal should be therefore developed to expand the use of
low rank coal. We evaluated the potential of polyvinyl alcohol as an inhibitor of spontaneous combustion of
coal in this study. The experimental setup consisted of a coal cell, heat sink, heat insulator, thermocouples and
heat flux sensor. The coal cell was made of an aluminium prism having a cylindrical hole. The coal cell was
combined with a heat sink which made of same shape aluminium prism. A heat flux sensor was installed
between the coal cell and heat sink. Heat insulators were applied on the surface of the coal cell and heat sink
except one side of the heat sink. The thermocouples were installed in the coal cell and heat sink. The coal
powder was packed in the coal cell and pure oxygen was injected into the coal cell to oxidize the coal. The
oxidation heat of coal flowed towards the heat sink from the coal cell and the heat was detected by the heat flux
sensor. The oxidation heat was calculated by the heat flux. The capacity of the polyvinyl alcohol as an inhibitor
of spontaneous combustion of coal was evaluated through the experiments using coal powder with the polyvinyl
alcohol soaked in this study.
Keywords: Low Rank Coal, Spontaneous Combustion, Oxidation, Heat Flux, Polyvinyl Alcohol

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Increase of Natural Soil CO2 Emissions

KYURO SASAKI 1, SALMAWATI2, YUICHI SUGAI1, AND RONALD NGUELE1
1
Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan
2
Email: krsasaki@mine.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Abstract: There is a possibility that global temperature rise gives an effect on carbon circulation on the earth.
The natural soil CO2 emission shares 25% in total natural CO2 emission on the earth that corresponds to 30
times the amount produced by all human beings. With this concern, we have investigated a response of the
natural soil CO2 emission to global temperature rise that is expected to be 1 to 2 °C within 20 years. In this
regard, we analysed the CO2 emission data in 15 countries that were reported previously. We have evaluated the
increasing rate of soil CO2 to the response of soil temperature rise accompanying atmospheric global warming.
The soil CO2 emission increases exponentially to the soil temperature with a power constant that is the
temperature sensitivity represented. This value was used to estimate the response of increasing rate in soil CO2
emission considering soil temperature rise. We estimated that 1ºC of soil temperature increase will induce
10.3% increase of the soil CO2 emission. It corresponds to 2.3 times the amount of CO 2 reduction agreed at
COP23.
Keywords: Carbon Circulation, Response to Global Warming, Soil CO2 Emission
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Assessment of Water Quality Parameters of Madhumati Nallah

NASIR AHMAD RATHER1, MOHAMMAD HANAN WANI1, FAIZ MOHAMMAD KHAN1, MOHAMMAD
ADIL BHAT1, IYNAIN ALTAF1, SAIMA ISHTIYAQ1, BINTUL HUDA MIR2
1
2
Email: nasir_11phd13@nitsri.net
Abstract: The Nallah Madhumati runs along the mountains dividing Gurez valley from Kashmir valley.
Madhumati Nallah receives a discharge from Bonar Nallah as well. On the upstream of Bonar Nallah, a huge
Hydro-power Plant called as Kishanganga Hydro-electric project is constructed. The effluents produced are
carried into the Bonar Nallah which deteriorates the water quality of this Nallah as well as Madhumati Nallah.
The present study has been carried out to assess the water quality parameters of Madhumati Nallah. The water
quality parameters for different locations of Madhumati Nallah studied in the present study were pH, Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Chloride, and
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Also, the water quality index for different selected locations of
Madhumati Nallah was computed. The laboratory results reveal that the contamination of the Madhumati Nallah
has rendered the water unfit for drinking purpose.
Keywords: Madhumati Nallah, Water Quality, Kashmir Valley, Water quality Index, Effluents, Parameters

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Heavy Metal Contaminations of Soils and Water in Vicinity of Kothur

Industrial Area, Mahabubnagar district, Telangana State - India
VENKATESHWARLU Ch.
Department of Geology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana
Email: venkyoberai@gmail.com
Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the heavy metal contamination of soil and water in the
vicinity of industries around kothur town in Mahabubnagar district. Categorically soils, water were collected
from tannery, ceramic, textile dying, beverages, pharmaco and sulphuric acid producing industrial sites. The
study area carries natural anthropogenic pollutants, mainly heavy metal concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb
and Zn which are released from industrial effluents, agricultural return flows and domestic sewage. The
concentrations of total Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn decreased with increasing distance from the disposal points of the
tannery and the textile dying industries. The risk of heavy metal contamination is pronounced in the
environment adjacent to large industrial complexes. The main sources of metals included effluents from
wastewater treatment plants, treated and untreated wastewater from surrounding industrial establishments as
well as agricultural activities. Protecting the agricultural soil is a formidable challenge in the study area, which
requires modernization of industries, thereby improving the recovery and recycling of wastewater, mainly the
results of environmental (Soil and water) sampling and analyses are summarized
Keywords: Kothur, Contamination, Heavy Metals, Soils and Water Pollution
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Identifying the presence of fractures in hardrock areas by VLF and VES in

Thurkapally area, Ranga Reddy District, Telangana State, India
DUBBA VIJAY KUMAR1, KAMAL DAS K2
1
Centre of Exploration Geophysics, Department of Geophysics,
University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
2
Department of Geology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Email: ddvkumar7@gmail.com
Abstract: Acute shortage of groundwater in hardrock areas is well known. Groundwater occurs in limited areal
extent in secondary porosity generally developed due to weathering, fracturing, jointing, faulting etc. within the
hardrock formations. These structural changes are sparsely distributed in the hard rock areas. Very Low
Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) profiling followed by Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) has been
successfully utilized to delineate fractures saturated with water in hardrock areas of Thurkapally Thanda, Ranga
Reddy District, Telangana State, India. VLF-EM survey was conducted along 28 profiles with a station interval
of 15 m about longest 412m and shortest 173m of the total spread. VES, with maximum current electrode
separations of 200 m and different potential electrode separations for all the points are lying at the conductive
zones on the VLF profile. Based on the analyses of the response of VLF survey, nineteen prominent
‘conductive’ locations were selected. VES survey was then carried out at these points. The interpreted
sounding results show presence of fractured to highly-fractured layers. A test bore hole drilled at three of the
locations yields a continuous discharge of groundwater over 20,000 l/h. Present study clearly demonstrates that
the VLF survey is a powerful initial technique to identify the presence of fractures in hardrock areas and
subsequent application of VES at selected locations is very helpful for quantitative investigations.
Keywords: Secondary Porosity, Fracture zones, Very Low Freqency, Vertical Electrical Sounding

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Well Hydraulics Studies to Determine the Aquifer Properties in Mathadi

Vagu Basin, Adilabad District, Telangana State, India
KAMAL DAS. K, MURALIDHAR. M
Department of Geology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Email: kamal.geosamudra@gmail.com
Abstract: The study area Mathadi vagu basin is in the Western part of Saathnala River which is a tributary of
the Penganga River. The Mathadivagu basin is at a distance of 12-15 Kms from Adilabad town, situated in the
northern part of Adilabad District, Telangana, India. The study helps in clear understanding of the nature of
aquifers to have better well design and also to improve the yield of wells. Archaean granites, Penganga
limestones and Deccan traps are the rock types present in the study area. Pumping tests were conducted at 4 dug
wells and 5 bore wells covering limestone, granitic and basaltic terrains and aquifer parameters were determined
from the interpretations.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A Distributed approach based on transfer graph model for resolving time-

dependent multimodal transport problem
MOHAMED EL MOUFID1*, SIHAM BENHADOU1, 2, HICHAM MEDROMI1
1
System’s Architecture Team, Laboratory of Research and Engineering (LRI), High National School of
Electricity and Mechanics (ENSEM), Casablanca, Morocco
2
Laboratory LISER IPI, Paris, France
*
Research Foundation for Development and Innovation in Science and Engineering, Casablanca, Morocco
Email: mohamedelmoufid@gmail.com; benhadou.siham@gmail.com, hmedromi@yahoo.fr
Abstract: The considerable and continuous increase in the number of citizens all over the world, particularly in
urban areas, and consequently the growth of the use of private cars causes acute social, economic and
environmental problems. To alleviate the gravity of the problem and encourage citizens to use the various public
transport modes available in the city, several multimodal travel assistance systems have been developed.
However, most current systems do not consider the use of the private vehicle and the availability of the city car
parks for the planning of the optimal urban multimodal path.
We propose in this paper a generic formulation based on transfer graph model of the multimodal transport
network, the Road Traffic network and the availability of the city car parks. Then the computation of optimal
paths is based on a distributed approach in order to eliminate the redundancies in the computations, the
computation time and the memory capacity needed.
Keywords: Time-dependent multimodal urban transport problem, Travel Assistance System, transfer graph,
distributed approach

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Toward the Implementation of Smart City: “SmartPark” an application to

resolve urban mobility problems in Casablanca
SOFIA BELKHALA *, SIHAM BENHADOU1, 2, HICHAM MEDROMI1
1
Electricity and Mechanics (ENSEM), Casablanca, Morocco
2
*
Email: belk.sophia@gmail.com; benhadou.siham@gmail.com, hmedromi@yahoo.fr
Abstract: Cruising for available parking lots is ever growing problem in majority of big cities today. It has been
shown that the average time to find an on-street parking space is eight minutes. Furthermore, the traffic
problems in a city are usually caused by cruising for parking. The concept of smart cities, assumes high
availability of environment data, gathered through sensors, people’s smart-phones and GPS devices as well as
on-sight cameras. Even though, the initial purpose of such infrastructure was not parking expert system, the
possibility has been noticed by the research community and there are numerous solutions proposed in this
matter. In this paper, after exposing the existing solution, we will present our solution as well as the method we
will adopt to predict the state of a car park.
Keywords: Smart cities, Smart parking, Urban Mobility, IOT, Parking Availability, Predictive Modelling
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A GPS Based Congestion Management Tools Provides Intersection Level of

Services to estimate the traffic at Indian Toll Gates
R. MANIKANDAN1, R. LATHA1, N. SAKTHIVEL2
1
Department of Computer Applications, St. Peter’s University, Chennai, India
2
Department of Computer Applications, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, India
Email: manisankar27@gmail.com, dr.r.latha.mca@stpetersuniversity.org
sakthivelnageshwaran@gmail.com
Abstract: GPS based transport system plays vital role in the real modern world, which leads to congestion by
increasing a number of vehicle per day. This GPS congestion is the one of the major affecting factors in the
Indian toll gates at National Highways. New methodologies implemented to avoid the congestion and provide a
management tools for various intersection level of services. This research mainly used to estimate the traffic at
Indian Toll gates are classified into three categories. One its Estimation of Expected Travel time by population
of vehicle with their speed during travel from source to destination using GPS. Second, Determine the delay
time of each and every intermediates Indian Toll gates in the National Highway. Third Optimizing the Queue
Length in the Indian Toll gate during the week ends or vacation period. This Congestion Management Tools
will provide 85% to 90% of intersection level of services such as speed, delay and queuing management at
Indian Toll gate.
Keywords: Global Positioning System (GPS), LOS (Level of Services)

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A simple heuristic for solving one stage multimodal fixed-charge

transportation problems
NAURIN ZOHA, SOURAV KUMAR GHOSH
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering,
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: naurin.zoha@gmail.com, sourav12.ipe@gmail.com
Abstract: Transportation plays a vital role in logistics which is an inseparable part of today’s supply chain
management. An effective transportation network can optimize the supply chain to a great extent by reducing
total cost, total time as well as maximizing profit. In this paper we deal with one stage (supplier to
manufacturer) multimodal fixed cost transportation problem (FCTP) of a local paper mill. We formulate three
different models which are road transportation model, rail transportation model and a combination of road and
rail transportation model using linear programming to analyze and select the most optimized one for the case.
Then we collect data for solving the model keeping the capacity constraints of each source and the demand
constraints for each destination. We use excel solver to solve the models and afterwards, we compare the results
by conducting cost analysis to select the most optimized one for the organization.
Keywords: Transportation Problem, FCTP, Multimodal, Excel solver, Optimization.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A Distributed approach based on transfer graph model for resolving time-

dependent multimodal transport problem
MOHAMED EL MOUFID1*, SIHAM BENHADOU1, 2, HICHAM MEDROMI1
1
Electricity andMechanics (ENSEM), Casablanca, Morocco
2
*
Email: mohamedelmoufid;benhadou.siham@gmail.com,hmedromi@yahoo.fr
Abstract: The considerable and continuous increase in the number of citizens all over the world, particularly in
urban areas, and consequently the growth of the use of private cars causes acute social, economic and
environmental problems. To alleviate the gravity of the problem and encourage citizens to use the various public
transport modes available in the city, several multimodal travel assistance systems have been developed.
However, most current systems do not consider the use of the private vehicle and the availability of the city car
parks for the planning of the optimal urban multimodal path. We propose in this paper a generic formulation
based on transfer graph model of the multimodal transport network, the Road Traffic network and the
availability of the city car parks. Then the computation of optimal paths is based on a distributed approach in
order to eliminate the redundancies in the computations, the computation time and the memory capacity needed.
Keywords: Time-dependent multimodal urban transport problem, Travel Assistance System, transfer graph,
distributed approach

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
The Effectiveness of Water Conservation based on

water demand in South Africa
MMAPHEFO DOREEN THWALA, EI. EDOUN
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
Email: edounei@tut.ac.za
Abstract: South Africa (SA) is a water-scarce country receiving approximately 450 mm mean annual rainfall,
whereas some wet regions of the globe receive in excess of 1500 mm. Through the National Development Plan,
SA identifies water resources as being central to the socio-economic development of the nation; therefore, water
availability is a key economic driver determinant of the quality of life for the citizens. Whilst there has always
been some level of societal and business consciousness with respect to the need to conserve water; the drought
driven water shortages experienced from 2015 to 2017 have further strengthened the need for all water users to
implement strategies to reduce the demand. As a result, the need to intensify water conservation and water
demand management (WCWDM) approaches has become more pressing. This paper seeks to understand the
knowledge base related to awareness on WCWDM strategies and their effectiveness in the plight for saving
water. The Die Wilgers suburb of the City of Tshwane (CoT) is used as a case study. A literature review was
conducted specifically targeting available WCWDM strategies, other related documents, and administrative
data. The policy basis for the WCWMD was drawn from the information generated by the Department of Water
and Sanitation (DWS). Following a qualitative research approach, a survey questionnaire was used to gather
information on consumer domestic water consumption behaviour.
The framework developed by Willis et al. (2011:1999) for the measurement parameters for water awareness and
practice factors was then used to formulate survey questions for the study. The data was analysed and
statistically displayed using Microsoft Excel statistical tools. It was found that the CoT municipality has
strategies in place for WCWDM, however similar to other municipalities in the country, leakages are the major
challenge leading to water loss. Along with the challenge of financial resources for implementing WCWDM
strategies. It was also found that residents of the Die Wilgers community are conscious of their water
consumption and many are practicing various ways to reduce their water usage.
Keywords: Water Conservation And Demand Management (WCWDM); Water Consumption; Implementation
Strategies.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A remote sensing approach to study the relationship between land surface

temperature and land cover
ARSHIB IMTIAJ1, MD. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN1, MD. SALAH UDDIN2

1
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2
Graduate Student, Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: arshiburp11@gmail.com, mostafizur@ruet.ac.bd, salahuddinurp11@gmail.com
Abstract: The present unplanned manner of land use ruins natural features of land cover and consequences
make its environment warm. Massive infrastructural development, reduction of green area and filling water
body forces its land cover to absorb a large amount of heat and increase the land surface temperature. The
primary objective of this research is to find out the relationship between land surface temperatures and land
cover. This research assesses the land surface temperature of land cover in Rajshahi district, which is one of the
warmest places in Bangladesh, using the remote sensing approach. Medium resolution Landsat Thematic
Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images of 1995, 2005 and 2016 were used to retrieve land
surface temperature and land cover types. The results expose that land surface temperature of Rajshahi district
ranges from 26.18°C to 38.91°C and the temperature difference between Rajshahi City Corporation, Chargath
and Bagha Upazila and other Upazilas is 2-4°C. It is also found that temperature variation between urban and
rural area is 1-2°C and more specifically the value is 1.71°C higher for agricultural land, 1.01 °C higher for the
built-up area, 0.98°C higher for vegetation and 1.12°C higher for the water body than the rural area. This
research also calculated NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI for the different land cover and conducted a correlation
analysis to know that how temperature is related to these land cover. The result shows the strong relation
between NDBI and LST (when the NDBI value increase, the land surface temperature also increase) to increase
heat.
Keywords: Land Cover, Land Surface Temperature (LST), NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, Remote Sensing
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Water Resources of

Developing Countries
NILOY SAMADDER1, MD.SAMDANI AZAD2
1
Department of Hydrosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University,
Salaya, NakhonPathom, Thailand
Email: niloy.samadder@mailbox.tu-dresden.de, mdsamdani.aza@student.mahidol.ac.th
Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the largest deltas in the world which is considered as one of the most vulnerable
countries in the world to the impact of climate change. For Bangladesh, water is the most critical sector which is
the most likely to be affected due to climatic factors. The general impact of climate change has been elaborated
by the Third Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change. The report indicates
significant changes of global hydrological cycle which is affecting both ground and surface water supply to a
great extent. According to IPCC (2007a), the global average surface temperatures have increased by 0.74 ± over
the past century (1906-2005). Consequently, it is resulting in changing in precipitation patterns, it’s frequency
and intensity; rising of sea-level; increasing amount of atmospheric water vapour; melting of snow cover;
changes in soil moisture and runoff; changes of riverbed due to sedimentation and changes in morphological
process due to seasonal variation of water level. Due to poor adaptability of this climate variability, climate
change impacts are going to affect the developing countries, specially Bangladesh, in the most severe way. The
geographical landscape of Bangladesh features the bottom of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin (accounts
for about 7% of the catchment basin) with 57 trans-boundary rivers among which 54 originates from India and 3
from Myanmar. So, Bangladesh has no control over the stream flows and volume. Moreover, almost 80% land
area of Bangladesh (Total Land Area 147540 square km) consists of Floodplains, which prone to flooding
during the rainy season. As a result, about 26,000 square km (around 18% of the country) of Bangladesh is
flooded killing approximately 5,000 people and destroying about seven million houses. According to the
National Adaption Programme of Action of Bangladesh, water related impacts of climate change is the most
critical for Bangladesh causing coastal and riverine flooding along with drought like situations in certain areas
during the dry seasons. In addition, dense population, poverty, illiteracy, Lack of Institutional setup, Social and
Economic condition have made the situation more critical and complex. Keeping this in mind, some
shortcomings have been identified in National Water Policy such as risks associated with climate change and
water resources are not addressed adequately; Climate Change Data for the the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
basin have not been projected yet; Adaption measures of flood and drought aggravated by climate change have
not been included in the policy. Climate Change modeling of the hydrological components is of great guiding
value in this regard. The research paper outlines Developing Hydrological Model, Climate Change Analysis,
Improving the understanding of the link between climatic factors and water resources, and Adaption &
mitigation response options. Developing Hydrological Model includes projecting the future discharge and
assessing different water balance components in the context of climate change.The SWAT (Soil and Water
Assessment Tool) hydrological model is one such model to carry out the hydrologic modeling of the river basins
of the country. Climate Change Analysis simulates the projected precipitation, projected temperature, projected
amount of discharge, evaluation of water balance components, spatial distribution of snow melt, the quantity of
water yield, and the projected percentages of evapotranspiration. The scope of this analysis determines the
evaluation of the impacts of climate change on the hydrological processes and regimes as well as impacts on the
natural disasters and its sustainable management, and the availability, quality and management of fresh water.
Keywords: Impact of Climate Change, Hydrological Cycle, Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin, Climatic

Factors, Hydrological Model, SWAT, Climate Change Analysis
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Review of the development of differential evolution in Engineering.

MD. SAMIUR RAHMAN
Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Email: samiur.rahman.028@gmail.com, sayeedh34@gmail.com
Abstract: The concept “optimization” is the process which leads to a positive solution for safe and appropriate
design in engineering. Differential evolution (Strone & Price, 1997) is one of the easiest methods that leads to a
solution for the optimization process. Differential evolution is a method for which it is used to solve non-linear
and non-differentiable continuous space function as known as cost function with parameters based on
population factors. Here, its parameters are real value parameters. It is considered to propose as the high rate and
low rate of specific individuals of a fixed amount of population on a specific generation. Thus, it is the vector
analysis which generates new vector parameters which leads its value for a positive solution. However,
differential evolution is the most effective methods for the effective global optimization process as it takes
population parameters in consideration. In engineering, optimization as well as differential evolution has been
considered for advanced design and for modification criteria. For the last several years, studies on the
differential evolution with global optimization for engineering design had been worked out by many researchers
and engineers. The equations of the operators of DE have been modified day by day and takes it for more
accuracy. In this review study, the development of differential evolution has been figured out in engineering and
changes has been considered. And also, it has been tried to find out the comparison of them based on the recent
algorithms, value-parameters and data.
Keywords: Differential Evolution, Global Optimization, Population Factor Parameters

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Recognition and Detection of Object using Graph-Cut Segmentation

SUFOLA DAS CHAGAS SILVA ARAUJO1, MEENAKSHI SUNDARAM KARUPPASWAMY2
1
Department of Computer Engineering, Padre Conceicao College of Engineering, Goa, India
2
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Botho University, Gaborone, Botswana
Email: sufolachagas100@rediffmail.com, meenaksji@gmail.com
Abstract: Segmentation is generally the first stage to image analysis. Segmentation divides an image into
number of regions or objects. Object Identification process is related to image segmentation process. Object
identification process recognizes an object in an image or in a video sequence. To segment the image into
related parts of analogous pixels, various approaches are projected in the area of image processing, one of which
is Graphs based approach. We use graph based approach in our research for segmentation. The proposed
technique obtains the object extracted from the image by using an Iterative Graph-cut Algorithm and recognizes
the object efficiently using object Identification system. With already existing methods of segmentation such as
Region based segmentation techniques, gives multiple regions of analyses which makes it difficult to identify
and locate certain object of interest. A better segmentation method could be to find the object of interest and
then perform a Graph based segmentation to extract the object on its outline. We make use of Graph-cuts as a
segmentation technique to separate the object from an image preserving its outline, giving us a better
segmentation result. The segmented object is then recognized by mapping the feature descriptors of the images.
This method can be used efficiently used in application areas such as in Object recognition, image database
lookup, fault detection and image editing.
Keywords: Object Detection, Graph-Cut, Object selection, Feature Points, Descriptors
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A Robust Post-Disaster Mobile Application: DisCom

ABHINAV KOLLA, ADITYA VARMA, RISHAAD RISHAAD, VENKATA DILIP KUMAR,
PRAFULLA KALAPATAPU, BHARGHAVA RAJARAM
Email: abhinav170113@mechyd.ac.in, adityavarma170124@mechyd.ac.in , rishaad170130@mechyd.ac.in,
venkata.pasupuleti@mechyd.ac.in, prafulla.kalaputapu@mechyd.ac.in, bharghava.rajaram@mechyd.ac.in
Abstract: Floods cause large social consequence on communities and individuals. As many of us know that the
immediate impacts of flooding include human loss, shortage of resources, and destruction of property. One of the
major aftermath effects is disturbance in communication system. When public communication networks fail, the
impact can be widely felt and has the ability to interrupt access to standard mobile or landline telecommunications,
and Internet as well. Whether communication systems are completely or just partially knocked offline during a natural
disaster can be the difference between life and death for those affected. Our work have developed DisCom, a
smartphone-based application which establishes an ad-hoc bluetooth network for the purpose of communicating the
supply and demand of basic essentials and resources near users within a well-defined range with no internet access
and cellular network to communicate. The application broadcasts the user’s GPS location, status, and availability or
demand for resources. In this broadcast packet the user not only broadcasts their data but also data received from other
users in order to establish a network. The broadcast is repeated at a predetermined interval or on user prompt. The data
received is then displayed with the help of the Google Maps API, which now shows a map of all available resources in
the vicinity. The user can update the status of a resource, the updated data is broadcast and the necessary changes are
enacted across all users on this network. While DisCom does not focus on security or efficiency, it provides a simple
relief communication infrastructure in the wake of a disaster, without the need for any additional resources.
Keywords: Disaster Management, Communication System, App Development, Bluetooth Network, Emergency

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Priority based Routing Protocol using Ant Colony Technique for WBAN
RAKHEE
Dept. of CSE, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India
Email: asinrakhee@gmail.com
Abstract: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) have few or several nodes deployed on human body for
remote monitoring of parameters and send them to the base station within or outside hospital environment.
Applications of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) have energy and load constraints at the base station.
Prolonging the network lifetime is a challenging issue for designing efficient routing protocols. We propose an
approach for WBAN routing protocols using Ant Colony technique using priority methods at base station.
Traffic Congestion of the packets at base station will lead to lose of sensitive packets of the patients data. Ant
colony technique calculates the quality link of the path while traversal which monitors the node energy which
can effectively balance the load at each and every node of the WBAN. OMNeT++ simulation results have
shown the Ant Colony technique have significantly improves the network lifetime of the WBAN using priority.
Keywords: WBAN, Routing Protocol, Network Lifetime, Ant Colony Technique
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Analysis of Interior vs. Exterior Protection Mechanism in Web applications

IRFAN JALAL BHAT1, RAGHAV MEHRA 2, AMIT KUMAR CHATURVEDI 3
1
Department of Computer Application, Bhagwant Univeristy Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
2
Department of Computer Application, Bhagwant Institute of Technology, Muzaffarnagar, India
3
Department of MCA, Govt. Engineering College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Email: irfanbhatphd@gmail.com
Abstract: Today most of the applications now-a-days are developed web based. The applications of public
access are highly exposed to security threats. The increasing/growing number of web based attacks/hackers
which result/displayed in loss of data and unauthorized access to application has drawn the attention of
organizations toward web application security. The most commonly employed defense mechanism is to use
solutions that rely on security/protection service tools like firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems
etc. Most of the commonly used tools such as SNORT are based upon the payload inspection that detects an
attack by searching for the occurrence of known signature patterns in the packet. But using these devices for
protecting web applications against common input based attacks is an inefficient process. It consumes a
significant amount of time, memory and CPU cycles for each packet while scanning through a list of rules.
Implementing safekeeping features within applications’ logic is an effective alternative. In this paper we
analyzed the show of two experimental web applications, one with security implemented within the code and the
other checked by exterior protection system called SNORT using a web application testing tool (WAPT 4.0).
Our test/ analysis showed that the application with secure code showed better performance figures/statistics in
terms of response time. In this paper we also discusses various issues regarding the use of security devices as
protection against application layer attacks.
Keywords: Hacking, blocking, Snort, Protection, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Reinventing the Internet for Customized User Experience
SUJAL PAUDEL
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering,
Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
Email: sujal.paudel@student.ku.edu.np
Abstract: The basis of this project was to create a customized environment designed for the internet user, by the
Internet Service Provider that would enhance their overall internet surfing experience. The idea was to develop a
model that would meet the requirement of the internet for every single user in a distinguish manner. Using
cross-platform technologies such as data mining, data analysis, machine learning and content development these
environments were created. The characteristic that defines the user and those prophecies that would excite the
user were discovered as a result. This study definitively gives enough of the information for Internet Service
Providers to create the content and advertisement for customized environments as per needed by their user.
Keywords: Customized, Environment, Internet Service Provider, Advertisement, Machine Learning
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Usability Analysis of Online based Transportation Using Unified Theory of

Acceptance and use of Technology (UTAUT)
ALIYADI
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, Jl. Budi Utomo No. 10 Ponorogo, Indonesia
Email: aliyadi1@gmail.com
Abstract: Page The development of information technology has now reached the online transportation business
that uses the sophistication of virtual applications. Online transportation provides many benefits, including
whenever consumers order in real time, consumers can easily make reservations and travel comfortably and
safely, reducing parents' concerns when they cannot deliver their children to school, and do not need to let
underage children ride bicycles motorcycle. In addition, it is able to reduce unemployment in Ponorogo
Regency. This is able to have a positive impact on regional economic growth. On the other hand, the presence of
an online based transportation is certainly triggering a negative reaction from various levels of society that
depend on conventional transportation services, such as ojek, becak and village transportation, city
transportation. This research is to analyze the acceptance and usability of online based transportation
applications using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) method. The tests are
used to obtain evaluation results through four analyzes based on parameters of data analysis of Performance
Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence and Facilitating Conditions. The results showed that:
Performance Expectancy received good ratings, respondents believed that using Grab-car would help them in
the results of their work. Expectations in the use of business (Effort Expectancy) the use of the system or
application owned by Grab-car is very easy and the respondent does not experience difficulties. Social Influence
Grab-car has little effect on group or public use. Facility Condition (Facilitating Conditions) in facilities and
facilities Grab-car is very supportive in the activities or work of a person or a group.
Keywords: Online based transportation, UTAUT method, Usability

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Edge Detection of MRI Scan using Canny Edge Detection Algorithm

PREETHA J.1, DEEPAJOTHI S.2
1
Department of CSE, Muthayammal Engineering College, Rasipuram – 637 408, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of CSE, Ashoka Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad – 508252, Telangana, India
Email: psgpreetha@gmail.com, deepajothi.a@gmail.com
Abstract: Neck is robot part for human. The robotic platform of the neck bone was surrounded by muscles like
steel spring the neck has a significant amount of movement and supports the weight of the head, but it is less
protected than the rest of the neck, the neck can be vulnerable to injury and disorders that produce pain and
restrict motion. In this work Density of Edge Length based Canny Edge Detection Algorithm has been proposed
to pre-processing of boundary detection of the MRI Scan Neck image. To find the correct boundary in noisy
image of neck is still a difficult one. The proposed Canny Edge Detection algorithm has been used to detect the
boundaries of neck image from the noisy image. The performance of proposed technique has been verified and
validated with the standard medical values. The results show that the proposed technique performs well and
produced very near to the optimal solution. This method is robust for all kinds of noisy images.
Keywords: MRI Scan, Neck image, Edge Length and Canny Edge Detection Algorithm
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Minimizing Energy cost for Storage nodes in Sensor networks
DEEPAJOTHI S.1 and PREETHA J2

1
Department of CSE, Ashoka Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
2
Department of CSE, Muthayammal Engineering College, Rasipuram – 637 408, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: deepajothi.a@gmail.com, psgpreetha@gmail.com
Abstract: In sensor networks the data storage and query reply are very important for archiving future
information retrieval. Storage nodes are used to reduce heavy load and data collected while transmitting the data
to the central place for archiving. The Storage nodes have much larger capacity than regular sensors. They do
not send out anything until queries arrive. In query reply the user needs data, submits queries to the sink (base
station), the sink diffuses queries to the storage nodes, and based on the query description the storage nodes
reply back to the sink. The improper placement of storage nodes maximizing energy cost associated with raw
data transfers, query diffusion and query replies. The objective is to minimize the total energy cost for gathering
data to the storage nodes with the proper placement of storage nodes and provide user-to-sink security.
Keywords: Sensor Networks, Storage Nodes, Raw Data Transmission, Query Reply, Security
Predicting Gross Domestic Product using Machine Learning

RAIYAN KABIR
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: raiyankabir14@gmail.com
Abstract: Most of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the world declines without any forecast. For
an example, in 2009 there was a big recession of Great Britain’s economy which results the fall of the GDP.
Machine learning (ML)works like an artificial intelligence. It works with data and can analyze it for any kind of
precautions. Machine learning algorithms adaptively improve their performance as the number of samples
available for learning increases. We will collect the previous Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as much as we can
for a particular country. Then we will analyze it. As a result, we will get a graph for the past few years. From the
graph we can easily identify the fallen years of GDP. Then we will look for the past few years data and
economical behavior. In a consequence, the GDP has fallen that year. Then we can predict what could be the
economic growth for the next few years based on the data and the economic behavior. When we feel the
economic behavior is matching with any past year we can take the steps that will help not to fall like the past
years.
Keyword: Machine Learning, Predict, Economic Growth, Analyze, Precautions
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Institution-Industry-Society: A Process of Bringing Togetherness in

Innovation and its Outcomes
J. BHAGAWAN REDDY1, M. RAJENDRA REDDY1, NALLAPANENI MANOJ KUMAR2,
SRIKAR DASARI3, A. SHIVA KUMAR4, N. KRANTHI KUMAR4, NEELIMA PRAVEENA5,
BHOGULA NAVOTHNA6
1
Department of EEE, Nalla Malla Reddy Engineering College, Ghatkesar-500088, Telangana, India
2
Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
3
Automation and Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Media Engineering and Computer
Science, THD Technische Hochschule Deggendorf, Edlmairstr, 94469 Deggendorf, Germany
4
Department of EEE, Kommuri Pratap Reddy Institute of Technology, Ghatkesar-500088, Telangana, India
5
Department of EEE, Malla Reddy Engineering College, Dhulapally, Secunderabad-500100, Telangana, India
6
Department of EEE, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad-500043, Telangana, India
Email: drjbhagwanreddy9@gmail.com
Abstract: Technology played a key role in enhancing the quality of life in various means. Intellectual minds in
collaboration with industry are the backbone behind the technological advancements. This has seen a greater
advancement and proven to be reliable asset in the economic growth since the industrial revolution started.
Industries and young minds of institution have been collaborating for over a century in western countries
mostly, but the rise of a global knowledge and economic liberalization further intensified the need of more and
more strategic partnerships to accelerate research projects relevant to societal needs. This gave the change in
giving hands of industry-institute partnership with the society. But this needs a strong research and development
and required initiatives which are quite lagging in developing countries India. If we consider, the situation of
largest democratic nation i.e. India’s its contribution to R&D stands at 0.8% of its GDP as compared to other
Asian Countries like China, South Korea, Israel and Japan with 2.7%, 4.3%, 4.3% and 3.58% respectively. In
this paper authors tries to highlight the need for a reformatory approach in R&D in general and strengthening of
the Industry-Institution-Society alliance in particular in the context of continued social challenges being faced in
ensuring healthy food, safe drinking water, housing, electricity, transportation, sanitation, health care, free
education and clean environment to the masses at large. It is brought out that there is a dire need to have a
prudent, affordable, sustainable and decentralized Institute- Industry Collaboration (IIC) rather than confined or
semi-centralized R&D for the developing countries like India to achieve meaningful results though smaller but
relatively voluminous and successful R&D interventions which can be termed as De-centralized and
Expansively Enterprising. Partnerships (DEEP) amongst Institute-Industry-Social Groups. The need of scientific
gap analysis between the expectations of the stake holders, Intra disciplinary coordination and Institute to
Institute (I2I) alliances are emphasized with due recommendations to rejuvenate the present scenario. At the
end, the Institute-Industry collaboration activities undertaken and being presented by Nalla Malla Reddy
Engineering College (NMREC), Hyderabad, India are put forth besides concluding remarks and action points.
Keywords: Institution-Industry-Society (IIS) Collaboration, IIS Outcomes, IIS Nexus, Togetherness of IIS,
Knowledge Sharing, Innovation, Indigenization, Make-in-India.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Power Management in Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Power System

K. RANJITH KUMAR, M. SURYA KALAVATHI
Department of EEE, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
Email: ranjitkatkuri@gmail.com, munagala12@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: The ever increasing energy demand and depletion of fossil fuels creates an importance in renewable
energy systems. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind are the two prominent sources among the different available
renewable energy sources. But due to intermittent nature of these sources the power system network may not be
reliable. Therefore a hybrid power system (HPS) is the best solution to overcome this drawback. The main
challenging task in HPS is coordination among the different sources. The HPS should achieve the power balance
between the supply and demand under all the varying weather conditions like temperature, irradiation and wind
speed. The aim of this paper is to design an optimal power management strategy for the renewable energy
based hybrid power system (HPS). In HPS, PV and wind are used as the primary energy sources and battery is
used as the energy storage system. In this work Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for power management of HPS.
The hybrid power system has been simulated using MATLAB using practical load and weather data of PV and
wind system: which gives better performance under all operating conditions.
Keywords: Photovoltaic, Wind, Hybrid Power System, Power Management and Genetic Algorithm

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Performance Analysis of Field Oriented Controlled Open End Winding

Induction Motor Drive Using Different SVPWM Techniques
M. RANJIT1, B. RAVINDRANATH REDDY2
1
Department of EEE, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India
2
Deputy Executive Engineer, Electrical Department, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
Email: ranjit_m@vnrvjiet.in, bumanapalli_brreddy@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: This work proposes the decoupled space vector based PWM techniques for field oriented controlled
open-end winding induction motor drive. The proposed decoupled PWM techniques reduce the ripples in both
stator current as well as in torque, unlike conventional PWM techniques. All the proposed decoupled SVPWM
techniques are obtained by phase shifting the one inverter reference sinusoids by180 ο with respect to the other
inverter reference sinusoids. A common-mode voltage is identified in the open-end winding induction motor
drive. The proposed PWM techniques also reduce the common-mode voltage by great extent. To demonstrate
the proposed work, several simulation studies have been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the
corresponding results are reported and compared.
Keywords: Bus-Clamping PWM, Common-Mode Voltage (CMV), Decoupled PWM, Open-End Winding, Space
Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM), Vector control
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Review of Various Selective Harmonic Elimination Algorithms for

Cascaded Multilevel Inverters
B. GANESH BABU1, M. SURYA KALAVATHI2, B. RAVINDRANATH REDDY3
1
2
Department of EEE, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
3
Deputy Executive Engineer, Electrical Department, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
Email: ganeshbabu_b@vnrvjiet.in, munagala12@yahoo.co.in, bumanapalli_brreddy@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: The multilevel inverter has the capability to generate the power at low switching frequency. Selective
Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation technique is the fundamental switching frequency technique
which leads to low switching losses. Several optimization techniques can be used to solve the non-linear
equations of SHE-PWM technique. Some of them are Genetic algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO), Bee Algorithm (BA). The Genetic Algorithm is a basic algorithm which is applied to multilevel inverters
to find out the switching angles. But BA will give the more probability than GA, but code complexity is more.
BA is based on the foraging behavior of honey bees. Implementation of PSO is easy and straight forward
Keywords: Multilevel Inverter (MLI), Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHE-PWM),
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Bee Algorithm (BA), Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO).

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Battery Energy Management in PV Systems

O. SOBHANA1, M. SURYA KALAVATHI2, E. RAMU1
1
2
Department of EEE, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Email: sobhana_o@vnrvjiet.in, munagala12@yahoo.co.in, edukulla.ramu@gmail.com.
Abstract: Recently, hybrid generation systems combine multiple energy sources or storage components to
optimize the characteristics of the individual energy sources Due to fast variations in the solar irradiance, the
BEMS need to smooth the PV power fluctuations. Hence, an energy storage system is required to mitigate the
PV power fluctuations. This paper also presents the multilevel inverter comparison. The elementary concept of a
multilevel converter is to achieve higher power by using a series of power semiconductor switches with several
lower voltage dc sources to perform the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. The
output voltage is smoother and has multiple possible values based on number of levels which results in smaller
harmonics. This paper also shows the comparison of %THD between three level and five level diode clamped
multilevel inverter
Keywords: Energy Storage, Multilevel Inverter, Battery, Standard Test Condition, MPPT
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A Comparative Analysis of Optimal and Efficient Bio-Mass Energy System

JAWWAD MAZHER AHMED, SYED OSMAN E GHANI AHMED
Department of EEE, Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Email: jawwadmazher.ahmed09@gmail.com, osmanghani4043@gmail.com
Abstract: Bio-Mass is a fuel which is developed from organic materials and is a renewable and sustainable
source of energy used to create electricity or other forms of power. Bio-Mass energy efficiency has been
increasingly discussed around the world due the perception of it’s contribution to issues like energy
consumption, carbon emission and dependence on fossil fuels. Taking these advantages into consideration, it is
necessary to evaluate the different aspects that effect the efficiency of Bio-mass Energy System (BES). This
paper proposes detailed analysis on the factors such as Energy Storage, Pre-treatment, Chemical Composition,
Suitable Digester, Methods for Efficient Energy Conversion, Fuel Storage and overall Efficiency Calculations.
This analysis can be implemented for obtaining Optimal and Efficient Bio-Mass Energy System. In this study,
several publications are reviewed and summarised to evaluate various factors affecting the efficiency of BES.
Keywords: Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Energy Conversion, Bio-Mass Energy, Energy Management,
Energy Conservation.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Evaluating the Life Cycle Cost of LPG Instantaneous, Storage, and Boosted
Solar Water Heating Systems in Australia
NALLAPANENI MANOJ KUMAR1, RANIPET HAFEEZ BASHA2, MOBI MATHEW3
1
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
2
Ashoka Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
3
School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurnponds, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
Email: nallapanenichow@gmail.com, drhafeezbasha@gmail.com, m.matheweee@gmail.com
Abstract: Commercially many water heating systems are available, and they all typically work for specific
function but with different input fuels. Based on the fuel input, the water heaters are classified into three groups:
1). Fossil fuel based water heaters, 2). Renewable energy based water heaters, and 3). Fossil fuel assisted
renewable energy based water heaters. Depending up on the water heater type, the cost involved in it varies and
this will have direct impact on the life cycle cost of the system. Hence, evaluating the life cycle cost of such
types is more necessary. In this paper, three of such system (LPG-I, LPG-S, and LPG-Bsol) fuelled by liquid
petroleum gas (LPG) are considered and the life cycle cost for each type is estimated. Results show that, among
these three LPG-Bsol is having low life cycle cost. On the other side, environmentally it is quite friendly
compared to other two. This study provides an option for individuals to select the best water heater system based
on cost parameters.
Keywords: Water heaters, LPG for heating, Solar water heating, Life cycle cost, LPG instantaneous heating,
LPG storage water heater, LPG boosted solar heater
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Real-time Wireless Vehicle Access Tracking and Automatic Parking System

K. HEMACHANDRAN1, M. RAMESH NAIK1, RAJU KATRU1, B. JUSTUS RABI2
1
Department of ECE, Ashoka Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India
2
Department of ECE, Shri Andal Alagar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
Email: hemachandran.ece@drmgrdu.ac.in, rajukatru2005@gmail.com, rameshnaik466@gmail.com
Abstract: Innovative Smart Car Parking System (ISCAPS) integrated with e-Valet technology is planned in this
paper. The e-Valet utility works presently like how a valet parking would function. It ensures parking lot
availability for the incoming customer. Earlier, the smart phone is installed with the android apps to wholly
enjoy the functions of ISCAPS. By using the mobile apps, customer may reserve parking lot in advance, to
enable the customer to park at a later time. Instead of using the conventional “Season Pass” or ticket, ISCAPS
uses the Near Field Communication (NFC) utility of smart phone as parking ticket. With the mobile apps,
communication will occur when the smart phone is placed near the NFC reader. Therefore, customer only needs
to tap the smart phone on the designated reader to enter the car park and tap again on the way out to complete
payment. Microcontroller is used as the brain of the system and control the input output of the system. Our
electronic navigation devices, including each top-of the line vehicle tracking system we offer, with unique
development and design. The hopeful market response of our up-to-date devices and tracking systems compels
us to delve further into greater functionality and originality. By selecting a GPS vehicle tracking system from
our company, you’re making a sound decision in favour of quality that goes for our GPS tracking systems as
well as for our asset and fleet management options. Each of our tools has been developed with versatility of
function in mind so that you can leverage their strengths to your best advantage.
Keywords: Global positioning system (GPS), Innovative Smart Car Parking System(ISCAPS), Microcontroller,
Near field communication (NFC)

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Parallel Fast Fourier Transforms with Fault Tolerant

realization on System on Chip
RAJU KATRU1, K. HEMACHANDRAN1, M. CHANDRASEKHER2
1
Department of ECE, Ashoka Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India
2
Manager (D&E), Bharat Dynamites Ltd, Kanchanbagh, Ministry of Defence, Hyderabad, India
Email: rajukatru2005@gmail.com, hemachandran.kannan@ashoka.ac.in, cmatham@gmail.com
Abstract: Soft errors pretense a consistency threat to recent electronic circuits. This makes defence in
opposition to soft errors a prerequisite for many applications. For some applications, an interesting option is to
use algorithmic-based fault tolerance (ABFT) techniques that try to utilize the algorithmic properties to detect
and correct errors. Signal processing and communication applications are well matched for ABFT. One
illustration is fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) that are a key building block in many systems. Several defence
schemes have been planned to detect and correct errors in FFTs. Among those, probably the exploit of the
Parseval or sum of squares check is the most broadly known. In modern communication systems, it is more and
more common to locate several blocks operating in parallel. in recent times, a technique that exploits this fact to
execute fault tolerance on parallel filters has been planned. In this brief, this method is first applied to protect
FFTs. Then, two enhanced protection schemes that combine the use of error correction codes and Parseval
checks are planned and evaluated. The results show that the planned schemes can further decrease the
implementation cost of protection.
Keywords: Error correction codes (ECCs), Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs), Soft errors
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Heterogeneous Networks in LTE-Advanced

H. SRIKANTH KAMATH, HUMDARD SINGH, AAYUSH KHANNA
Department of Electronics & Communication, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
Email: srikanth.kamath@manipal.edu, humdard_09@hotmail.com, aayushkhanna@gmail.com
Abstract: Currently, the networks deployed in the LTE architecture are homogeneous i.e. all mobile base
stations are macro cells. This poses some limitations on user’s connectivity, quality of service (QoS) and data
speed which brings out the immense need of Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet). The advantages that are
provided by HetNet is wider spectrum, higher data rates, lower latency, eliminates undesirable bandwidth
segmentation, flexible and low cost deployments. HetNet consists of heterogeneous cells of distinct transmit
powers which causes interference between neighbouring cells. Therefore, various interference management
techniques have been adopted to mitigate the effect of interference.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A Different WLP CMOS Power Amplifier for IEEE 802.11n

WLAN Applications
M. SARITHA1, M. JANAKI RANI1, K. HEMACHANDRAN2
1
Department of ECE, Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of ECE, Ashoka Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Email: sarithamulkala1@gmail.com, janakiranimathi@gmail.com, hemachandran.ece@drmgrdu.ac.in
Abstract: Analysis of different WLP CMOS Power Amplifier (PA) is developed for 802.11n WLAN
applications using wafer-level package (WLP) technology. This paper presents a detailed design for the optimal
impedance of dual-band PA (2 GHz/5 GHz PA) output transformers with low loss, which is provided by using
2:2 and 2:1 output transformers for the 2 GHz PA and the 5 GHz PA, respectively. In addition, several design
issues in the dual-band PA design using WLP technology are addressed, and a design method is proposed. All
considerations for the design of dual-band WLP PA are fully reflected in the design procedure. The 2 GHz WLP
CMOS PA produces a saturated power of 26.3 dBm with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 32.9%. The 5
GHz WLP CMOS PA produces a saturated power of 24.7 dBm with a PAE of 22.2%. The PA is tested using an
802.11n signal, which satisfies the stringent error vector magnitude (EVM) and mask requirements. It achieved
an EVM of -28 dB at an output power of 19.5 dBm with a PAE of 13.1% at 2.45 GHz and an EVM of -28 dB at
an output power of 18.1 dBm with a PAE of 8.9% at 5.8 GHz.
Keywords: CMOS Technology, Power Amplifier, IEE 802.11n, ADS 2009, Integrated circuit
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Overview of Device-to-Device Communication and Vehicle-to-Vehicle

Communication
H. SRIKANTH KAMATH
Department of ECE, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
Email: srikanth.kamath@manipal.edu
Abstract: 5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is the next major phase of
mobile telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution) standards. 5G
technology needs to be specified, developed, and deployed by a variety of industry players including network
equipment vendors, network operators, semiconductor vendors, and device manufacturers. The scope of 5G will
range from mobile phones to next-generation automobiles. Device to Device (D2D) Communication is regarded
as a promising technology in 5G to provide low power, high data rate and low latency. Introducing D2Dposes
many challenges and risks to the longstanding cellular architecture, which is centred on the base station

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Design of Low cost, interoperable Intelligent transportation system for

developing traveller’s experience through IoT
H. RAGHUPATHI1, M. ANAND1, K. HEMACHANDRAN2
1
Department of ECE, Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of ECE, Ashoka Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Email: raghues26@gmail.com, harshini.anand@gmail.com, hemachandran.ece@drmgrdu.ac.in
Abstract: The rapidly increasing vehicle population in India spurred by the population boom and economic
upturns lays a critical burden on traffic management in the metropolitan cities (Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai,
Mumbai etc..) and towns of the country.The paper highlights the conclusions extracted from the studies of
different systems and also gives the future scope in the field of ITS to make it more user friendly and accessible.
Intelligent transportation system (ITS) using information and communication technologies like IoT and data
analytics that apply to operational transportation, aiming to make transport systems smart, efficient, reliable,
safe and environmentally sustainable. At every traffic signal the density of the traffic is detected with the help of
IR sensors, then the traffic level is obtained. The IR sensors are connected to 8051 microcontrollers. A
GSM/GPRS is connected to microcontroller to deliver the real time traffic information through IoT to the
traveller, so that he can know the traffic level and can take an alternate.
Keywords: ITS, IoT, Advanced Public Transportation System, Dynamic Traffic Management
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Effect of Injection Velocity Ratio on Thermal -Fluid

Diffusion in Free Jet from Annular Channel
SHUICHI TORII
Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
Email: torii@mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
Abstract: The coaxial jets have been found in the applications widely, i.e., air jet looms of a textile machine,
ejectors, jet pumps, burners and jet propulsion systems. There have been a lot of studies on the coaxial jets
discharging into the still air and their unique phenomenon. A numerical analysis is performed to investigate
thermal-fluid diffusion phenomenon in vertical free jet using the coaxial flow formed with the annular nozzle, in
which the cooled and hot fluids with laminar different injection speeds are injected from the inner and outer
pipes, respectively. Emphasis is placed on the effect of injection velocity ratio of hot air to cold air on velocity
and thermal fields. The proposed physical model to be studied and the coordinate system are the coaxial flow
formed with the concentric annular duct, in which the cold air jet is vertically injected from the inner nozzle and
the hot air is also ejected from the outer nozzle. The assumptions are imposed in the formulation of the
problem: incompressible, laminar, unsteady flow; constant fluid properties; uniform inlet velocity and uniform
inlet fluid temperature; and negligible axial conduction (due to the high Peclet number). Under these
assumptions, the simplified governing equations for mass, momentum and energy are employed. The
discretization method employed here uses a finite difference formulation. Simulations with grids of various
degrees of coarseness are conducted to determine the required resolution for grid-independent solutions.
Throughout the range of the velocity ratio considered here, the maximum error is estimated to be about 2% by
comparing the solutions on regular and fine grids with twice the grid points. It is found that (i) the flow pattern
and isotherms in a jet are affected by the injection velocity ratio, (ii) as velocity ratio is increased, the
streamwise velocity gradient along the vertical direction is intensified, resulting amplification in the thermal
diffusion, and (iii) positive height difference in annular configuration induces the air suction from the outer
cylinder due to the presence of vacuum pressure so that enhancement of thermal diffusion yields.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Performance analysis of an aerospace ecosystem: Case study of an

industrialising ecosystem (aircraft engines)
ASMAA KHAMLACH, ABDELLAH HADDOUT, MARIAM BENHADOU
Laboratory of Industrial Management, Energy and Technology of Plastic Materials and Composites
Hassan II University – ENSEM Casablanca, Morocco
Email: mariambenhadou@yahoo.fr
Abstract: An industrial ecosystem is a dynamic system that includes exchanges of flows between the different
components of an industrial community, with mutual interactions between groups of actors, which serves the
contractors through a Supply chain designed with a number of resources and capabilities. Looking from the
point of view of local integration, the overall design of a Supply chain, the choice of links, trades and even the
industrial park have a direct impact on both performance and economic aspects. In the context of the new
Moroccan industrial acceleration policy, how to better integrate into global value chains and compete in
international markets is Morocco's priority. The development of this sector requires a thorough analysis of these
value chains. A key issue is the transition of the Moroccan manufacturing sector from a subcontracting regime,
based essentially on the reproduction or partial adaptation of products to a more autonomous regime based on
innovation. This transition requires access to a skilled workforce and advanced communication and information
technologies to move from "simple" manufacturing to more sophisticated manufactured products. Ecosystems
are not only facing specific ramp up challenges on the one hand, but on the other hand with optimization
requirements and cost reduction, which request a very advanced quest for product innovation, but also Supply
chain process and flow management. This study makes possible a true comprehension of the present and the
future of the ecosystem vision, also to understand the mechanisms, around which the needs and the behaviour of
a local Supply chain are articulated. In addition, we have been able to describe and understand the logic of
flows, actions of stakeholder groups, and the management practices of the resources installed, likely to influence
the development of the studied ecosystem.
Keywords: Ecosystem, Aerospace Industry, Supply Chain, Manufacturing Performance, Industrialising Ecosystem

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Comparison between different heating techniques applied during primary

drying phase of freeze drying
ABD ELRAHMAN BEDIR, WAEL EL-MAGHLANY, ABD ELHAMID ATTIA, MOHAMED ELHELW
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Email: abdo.bedir@gmail.com
Abstract: A three dimensional heat and mass transport model is built to simulate the primary phase of freeze
drying process in food products which involves ice sublimation under conditions of very low pressure and
temperature. The long drying time is one of the main issues facing the freeze drying technology in addition to
the sensitivity of food products to temperature so, the presented model focuses on varying heating techniques
used in ice sublimation process at different heating rates. The best heating technique is assumed to be the one
which can be done effectively without affecting the frozen food quality by means of excessive pressure or
temperature or increasing the drying time. The presented heating models are; surface heating by radiation
through hot plate placed inside the condenser chamber, constant heat flux conduction through the shelf and
volumetric heating by microwaves. Heating rates are varied for each model using different values for
temperatures, heat flux and heat generation rates and tested in order to keep minimum drying time and minimum
power consumption while monitoring temperature and pressure distributions within the solution domain. As a
result, it is found that microwave heating can be used with higher heating rates and lower drying times without
increasing material temperature allowing better quality in addition to low pressure levels. On the other side,
using shelf heating is found to give higher pressure levels than the other two models because of the high
hydraulic resistance to flow because water vapour get out through the side surfaces only while the shelf is
considered as a wall. Surface radiation gives moderate pressure and temperature levels when compared with the
other two techniques with models adjusted to give almost the same drying time.
Keywords: Freeze Drying, Food Products, Sublimation, Numerical, Comsol
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Design and Development of a Solar Water Puriﬁer

NAURIN ZOHA, SOURAV KUMAR GHOSH
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering,
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: naurin.zoha@gmail.com, sourav12.ipe@gmail.com
Abstract: Solar water purifier is an advancement of current water purification system. It has been introduced to
meet up demands of pure drinking water using solar energy. It takes solar power as energy source and stores it
in a battery. Then using this energy, heating coil heats water up to a certain temperature (below boiling
temperature). After condensing once, we get cold water. Water is further purified through the filtering chalk. In
this stage water is condensed again and gives water at room temperature. Through this process, we get pure
drinking water. We followed almost all the phases of a product development process which started with
collecting customer requirements and ended with finalizing the design. Cost analysis has also been done from
the viewpoint of mass production of the product. This product, if used properly, can eradicate scarcity of pure
drinking water.
Keywords: Solar Energy, Water Purification, Product Design, Design Analysis, Cost Optimization.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Investigation on Diffusion between Liquid Tin and Substrates

for Electronic Applications
HITHESH G SHETTY, RANJAN KISHOR, VIRENDRA KUMAR, SATYANARAYAN
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alva's Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Moodabidri – 574225, Karnataka, India
Email: satyan.nitk@gmail.com
Abstract: In the present study, kinetics of dissolution of solid copper, mild steel and brass substrates in molten
tin was evaluated. All the substrate specimens were immersed (dipped) in molten tin for the duration of 1min,
2mins and 3mins and drown out from liquid tin at velocity of 2.5mm/s. The evolution of microstructure to
characterize formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface between molten tin and substrates was
assessed using metallurgical microscope and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The thickness of
intermetallic layer increased with increasing immersion time. Dissolution of copper and mild steel was found to
be higher compared to brass substrate.
Keywords: Tin, Molten, Base Metal, Substrate, Alloy, Intermetallic
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Sunflower Wax Modified Cellulose Nano Fiber Aerogel for Treatment of

Oil Mixed Waste Water
SABU K. T.1, ANEES K. J.2, JOSE V. EAPEN3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Idukki, Kerala, India
Email: sabukt@rit.ac.in, aneeskj@gmail.com, joseveapen2008@gmail.com
Abstract: Industrialisation of Indian subcontinent in the last decade leads to contamination of our soil and
water with oil. Researchers now focused on eco-friendly, sustainable and biodegradable materials for adsorbing
these oils. So many research groups are engaged to find out a solution for this problem. Results have been
reported by researchers about preparation, processing and fabrication of cellulosenano fibre aerogel leads to a
giant lead in various industrial applications. The fascinating properties of this material include high surface area,
strength, and aspect ratio and cost effective in nature suggests a huge potential material for water treatment.
However due to hydrophobicity of cellulose, it was not able to use in water treatment applications. We extracted
cellulose nano fibre from waste biomass of newspaper and freeze dried to obtain aerogel. Surface modifications
was done on cellulose using sunflower wax. This novel method was induced hydrophobicity in cellulose nano
fibre and thereby can be efficiently used for oil adsorption. This aerogel are low cost, elastic, ultra-light,
reusable and eco-friendly. Adsorbed oil in cellulose aerogel can be easily reused by simple mechanical
squeezing. So it can be reused without any other treatment. It’s found from water test results that this sunflower
wax blended cellulose nano fibre aerogel have superior oil adsorbing capacity and maintaining pH to neutral .
So our work lay foundation for development of biodegradable, eco-friendly and sustainable oil removal
applications.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Unconventional Brick

using Statistical Method
RITESH RAMAKRISHNA BHAT1, NANJANGUD SUBBARAO MOHAN1,SATHYA SHANKARA SHARMA1,
KOH MUN FEI2
1
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Manipal, India, 576104
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal International University, Nilai, Malaysia, 71800
Email: ritesh.bhat@manipal.edu
Abstract: Plastic wastes contributes a high percentage towards the world’s municipal solid waste composition.
Since majority of the plastic items, thermoplastics in particular contributes to non-biodegradable wastes, it has
been a major challenge to deal with its disposal. This paper deals with an experimental attempt of fabricating a
unconventional brick comprising of wood ash and thermoplastic wastes, particularly the Polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) and HDPE and experimentally analysing the mechanical properties of the same using the
response surface method. Three different type of bricks were been made comprising three different composition
of percentage by weight of plastic waste mixture viz., 10, 25 and 40%. The experimental analysis shows that the
unconventional wood-ash-plastic (WAP) bricks composed of 25% by weight of plastic wastes proves to be best
of the other two counterparts and exhibits a compressive strength of 9.5 N/mm 2, an impact strength of 16.78
KCU and a Rockwell hardness of 11.20 HB. The optimized response plot obtained is helpful to identify the
proportion of weight of each constituent to obtain the best WAP brick.
Keywords: Recycling Plastic Wastes, Wood-Ash, Bricks, Mechanical Properties, Response Surface Method
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Consequence of Ethanol- Water Blends on S. I. Engine

Performance and Tail pipe Emissions
SAGAR P. HUBBALLI, AYAPPA T.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dayanand Sagar College of Engineering,
Kumaraswamy layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560 078, India
Email: hubballi.sagar88@gmail.com
Abstract: Keeping in view the ever increasing cost, non-renewability, the depleting reserves, and the pollution
of petroleum fuels it is unavoidable to search fuel additives or a renewable non-polluting substitute fuel. The
purpose of the experimentation is to examine the effect of Ethanol and Ethanol-Water blends as fuels in a four
cylinder four strokes SI engine. In the process of experimentation, the performance tests were conducted on the
engine to investigate, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, engine torque, and brake specific fuel consumption
and Exhaust emissions were also investigated for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of
nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The results of the experiments disclose that, both ETHANOL and
E90W10as fuels increase brake power, brake thermal efficiency, engine torque and brake specific fuel
consumption. The HC, CO, NOxand CO2 emissions in the exhaust were reduced. The ETHANOL and E90W10
as fuels produced the good results in engine performance parameters and decreased tail pipe emissions.
Keywords: Ethanol, E90W10, Alternative fuel, emissions,

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Advanced Mathematical Model based Non-Linear Control Systems for

Metal Cutting Processes of Flank wear by Computing Techniques
POLAIAH BOJJA1, RAMA SUBBANNA S.2, PAMULA RAMU3, PAMULA RAJA KUMARI4
1
Dept. of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Dept. of EEE, Sasi Institute of Technology and Engineering, Tadepalligudam, Andhra Pradesh, India
3
Dept. of EEE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
4
Dept. of Maths, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract: In this paper, the development of advanced non-linear control systems and evaluation of control
strategy for mathematical model of dynamical non-linear system of the cutting tool flank wear for the metal
cutting process. The flank wear model result is function of machining parameters and dynamic cutting force.
The nonlinear dynamic model is obtained with actual conditions and calibrations of the flank wear of metal
cutting process. During the process of metal cutting, the failure occurs due to many working conditions such as
softening, brittle fracture and roughness of the surface. This leads to reduction in the life span of the tool. The
proposed advanced non-linear control system designed is an attempt made to control the flank wear during the
metal cutting process by using computing techniques such as PID based MPC, KALMAN and Extended
KALMAN filters. The proposed approaches will make the controller to reduce the tool ware such that the life
span of the cutting tool increases. Therefore, the performance criteria of advanced non-linear control systems are
evaluated and the results are carried out using the MATLAB software.
Keywords: Nonlinear dynamic model of flank wear, Metal Cutting Process, Model Predictive Controller,
Extended Kalman Filter
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Autonomous Maneuver of Vehicle using a Unique Real-Time Lane

Detection Approach and PID Control in Gazebo Simulation Environment
SABIR HOSSAIN
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
Email: sabircuet@gmail.com
Abstract: Study on the emerging autonomous vehicle technology is considered full of difficulties as well as
opportunities due to its vast research area and complicated experimental environment. One of the difficulties for
shrewd self-driving incorporates a path identifying and path keeping capability for better assistance in the autonomous
feature. In this study, we proposed an efficient real-time lane detecting method using YUV-channel and L-threshold.
Usually, in this image processing part, using the RGB image to binarize is foregoing and old technique while we
converted each frame to YUV for better performance in case of detecting lane. Then, sequentially we implemented
bird’s eye transformation to get the top view and Hough transformation method consolidating with the parabolic
model to evaluate the parametric model of the lane. The result shows the promising output of precise curly lane
detection with curvature measurement. We measured the robot heading angle from the difference between curve line
and calculated center line. To control the robot navigation, we used PID for the effective result and better robot
performance. To experiment the whole scenario, we used gazebo simulation and MATLAB. Using simulation
environment we confirmed the result in real-time and better performance. This approach could be an effective feature
of advance driver assistance system of autonomous vehicles.
Keywords: Self-driving Automobile, Gazebo Simulation, Image Processing, ROS-MATLAB, PID

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
The use of mind mapping in the communication of learning French and law
at the university level
CYNTHIA EID, MICHEL MARTIN, JUNE SRICHINDA
1
Direction de la Pédagogie et de l’Innovation, Groupe IGS, Paris, France
2
Laboratoire De visu, Université de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
3
June Srichinda, Université de Lille, Lille, France
Email: eidcynthia@yahoo.fr
Abstract: While faced with comprehension difficulties when communicating with our students, an idea came to
us to look for other ways of doing things, in particular by representing graphically the paths and steps in which
we think, students and teachers alike. Mind mapping permits organizing, structuring and prioritizing a large
amount of information to promote learners to understand, memorize and be creative. They also make it possible
to go beyond the descriptive limits of the spoken and written language by representing knowledge. In such a
didactic and pedagogical approach, we hope to identify relevant ways to present the multiple objects and sub-
objects of this study resulting from the decomposition of the remarks mentioned. In the first case, the French as
a foreign language course for business (FLE [1]) used this approach. The applications, Coggle, Popplet,
Freemind and Cmaptools, were used with B2 level learners at the Faculty of Continuing Education (FEP) at the
University of Montreal, Canada, in order to communicate during their language learning both in written and
spoken French. In the second case, a Master 2 law course during the second semester of 2017 at the Catholic
University of Lille used mind mapping as a way to provide students with a tool to guide them to understand and
solve court cases. We will show the benefits of introducing mind mapping, how such tools were perceived by
learners and what are its limitations? Was the learning process aided by it?
Keywords: Mind mapping, Learning, Written and Oral Language, Communication, French and English as a
second Language
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Role of small holders’ livestock production system on Women

empowerment with reference to the North Malabar region of Kerala State
ANIL KUMAR NAIR1, FALGUNAN K2
1
Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Kerala, India
2
School of Management Studies, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, India
Email: anil_puthoor@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: The livestock sector in north Malabar region of Kerala state has witnessed significant changes in the
past few decades characterized mainly by shift in breed preference, complemented with scientific feeding and
management. This study is a cross sectional survey carried out by means of structural questionnaire covering
501 small scale dairy entrepreneurs who are practicing dairy farming in small scale possessing 2 to 5 dairy
animals such as cows/buffalo in the North Malabar region of Kerala state of India. The information gathered in
this paper include the profile of women dairy farmers including their age, educational qualification, number of
dairy animals in possession, their experience in dairy enterprise, capital invested in dairy enterprise and the
earning from dairy enterprise. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis including correlation and
regression analysis to establish the influence of small scale animal production system on the income and
financial independence of rural women dairy entrepreneurs in the North Malabar Region of Kerala. Correlation
value indicates that the correlation between level of education and quantity of milk produced is 0.154 with a
corresponding p value of .001 based on 501participants.Correlation value indicates that the correlation between
gender and quantity of Dairy milk produced is0.417. Correlation between experience in dairy enterprise and
capital invested in dairy enterprise is -0.321 with a corresponding p value of .000.It was observed that there exist
a significant relationship between number of dairy animals and quantity of milk produced per day. It is observed
a weak positive correlation of 0.196 between level of education and number of dairy animals with a
corresponding p value of .000. It was also observed that there is a significant relationship between age and
capital invested in dairy enterprise

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Impact of quality management on the firm performance at

Moroccan companies
KHADIJA KACEMI, MARIAM BENHADOU, ABDELLAH HADDOUT
Abstract: This work presents the results of a study on the relationship between quality practices and business
performance. Several studies have been discussed on this subject and the objective of our study is to analyze the
impact of quality practices on the performance of companies at the Moroccan national level. We conducted a
depth and comparative study about several models and quality practices deployed in companies such as : Top
Management, - Process Management- Customer Focus - Training and Education - Supplier Management –
Planning strategic - continuous improvement - employee involvement - partnership and resources. These
practices have a direct impact on the firm performance, particularly in terms of financial performance,
operational performance and customer satisfaction. We launched a survey among nationally and internationally
companies operating in different activity sectors in Morocco. The purpose of data processing is to determine a
conceptual model of the impact of Quality Management on the firm performance at the national level.
Keywords: Quality management system, performance, causal model, Conceptual model, TQM
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Study of the factors influencing the implementation of the Occupational

Health and Safety Management System in Moroccan companies
NOUHA DAOUDI, ABDELLAH HADDOUT, MARIAM BENHADOU
Abstract: The prevention and the mastery of the occupational hazards require the implementation of the
Occupational Health and Safety Management System. Aware of this need, the international Companies adopts the
OHSAS 18001 V2007 standard, which offers the possibility of certification, this standard becomes very recently an
international standard ISO45001 V2018. However, in spite of the need increased in Morocco, the adoption of this
standard remains very low. The main reasons of adoption of the ISO 45001 V2018 standard are : improve the image
of the company, comply with the regulations, improve the working conditions and the well-being of the employees in
the workplace, and prevent the accidents and the incidents. This work underlines factors influencing the
implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System, lists the obstacles and the difficulties
which can be met and propose solutions susceptible to remedy it. This study is based on the collection of data from a
survey. Following the analysis of the results of survey, we have been able to show that there are many obstacles and
difficulties hinder the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System in local companies.
These obstacles are mainly related to costs, the commitment of the top management, the complexity of regulatory
texts and the technical difficulties. To remedy this, recommendations and solutions will be proposed as a result of this
work.
Keywords: HSE system, ISO 45001, HSE regulations, Working Conditions, System Certification

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Pursuance of Emotional Intelligence, Life satisfaction and

Decision making on Academic Motivation
GARIMA SAINI
National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
Email: garimasaini3@gmail.com
Abstract: Students of this century must remain competitive by developing higher cognitive skills. Children are
natural learners and motivated to do that since they are infants. Learning related activities enforces students to
be academically motivated. Learning is important and rewards us in our lives and help children by developing a
desire to do well and excel. Motivation leads to a behavior that is goal oriented. Every individual has a variable
driving force which is summing up of many factors that bulge students to meet their goals. Achievement can be
called as zest and determination with motivation which helps individual to fulfill his goal. This study is an
attempt to see the ramification of emotional intelligence, life satisfaction and decision making on academic
achievement. The importance of Emotional Intelligence, Decision making and Life-satisfaction on academic
motivation is directly related to the self-management, social awareness, relationship management and self-
satisfaction. A sample of 200 undergraduate students in different streams with the age ranging from 18 to 21
was included in the study. The sample was administered on the scales to measure academic motivation,
emotional intelligence, life satisfaction and decision making. Pearson Product Moment correlation and Factor
Analysis were applied to analyze data. Analysis revealed correlations among academic motivation, emotional
intelligence, life satisfaction and decision making. The obtained factors by factor analysis are showing a clear-
cut relation of emotional intelligence, life satisfaction and decision making with academic motivation.
Keywords: Academic Motivation, Emotional Intelligence, Decision Making and Life-Satisfaction
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Human Resource Management in Multinational and Domestic Enterprises:

A Comparative Analysis
SATWINDER SINGH1, GEOFFREY WOOD2, TAMER DARWISH3, JOCELYNE FLEMING3,
ABDUL FATTAAH MOHAMED4
1
The Business School, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
2
The Business School, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
3
The Business School, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK
4
Baiduri Bank, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
Email: tdarwish@glos.ac.uk
Abstract: The paper compares HR Directors of Domestic Enterprises (DEs) against those of Multinational
Enterprises (MNEs) in Brunei, a South Asian emerging market. We found that, in most areas of strategy and
practice, the role of HR Directors has significantly circumscribed within local firms. The overall finding that HR
Directors in MNEs have a wider ranging role, reflecting more sophisticated and developed HR systems—and
greater organisational complexity—than their local counterparts, is perhaps hardly a surprising one.
Nevertheless, the research revealed a more complex reality: in fact, in two areas, ‘headhunting’ and ‘ensuring
compliance with equal opportunities legislation’, we found no discernible differences between two genres of
firm. This may confer some advantages on DEs considering the growing pressures to indigenise staffing in
many emerging market settings. We draw out the implications for theory and practice.
Keywords: International HRM, HR Directors, Institutional Theory, Emerging Markets South East Asia.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Impact of E-Marketing on Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of

Symbios Online Shopping Clients in Pakistan
MUNEERUDDIN SOOMRO, SYED NADEEM JUMAN SHAH, AQSA KHATOON DHAREJO
Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Email: syed.nadeem.phd@gmail.com, muneer.soomro@usindh.edu.pk
Abstract: This research paper’s main objectives to explore the significant relationship betweens the E-
Marketing and Customer satisfactions as well as to examine impact of on-line shopping on of customer
satisfaction the research data were gathered through primary and secondary sources. In Primary source; data
were collected through 110 closed ended questionnaires with help of seven point likert Scale from Symbios
clients in Pakistan. In Secondary Source; the data were gathered through published material and website. In
order to know the promotion items used in questionnaire were reliable by Cronbatch Alpha usage and all
dependent and independent variables were significantly relationship between each other. Data were examined
through use of SPSS, Smart PLS with help of Excel. The data analysis results; Hypothesis testing were accepted
through independent variables i.e online marketing, sates, promotions, discount and free home delivery have
significant impact on dependent variable i.e Customer satisfaction. The research studies concluded that online
marketing offered by Symbios website have significant impact on customer satisfaction.
Keywords: E-Marketing, Online Shopping, Customers Satisfactions, Symbios, Promotions and Pakistan
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
The Impact of Technological Innovation on Economic Enterprise

Competitiveness
OMAR BENDJIMA1, ABDELRAHIM RAHOUI 2
University of Bechar, 08000, Algeria
Email: omarbendjima@yahoo.fr
Abstract: The study aimed to know the impact of technological innovation on the competitive economic
enterprise (Mobilis case, Béchar Agency) theoretically, we treated technological innovation and
competitiveness, and most aspects, (definitions, characteristics, sources, compositions ... etc), making a
hecatomb of the theoretical study on the practical study, where we adopted the questionnaire as the most
appropriate tool to collect information on the field study, where we distributed a questionnaire to 53 employees
of the Mobilis agency in Béchar, and the questionnaires recovered are in the order of 43 questionnaires, of
which 40 are valid for the study, we used the spss program, to process the information obtained and their
descriptive statistics. The study found that the company uses technological innovation to keep pace with
technological advances and cope with intense competition in the market, so it showed that the trends of the
company's staff towards innovation technology and its components (organizational innovation and creativity in
product innovation as well as in service) are positive, therefore it has emerged that there is a strong positive
correlation between technological innovation and competitiveness.
Keywords: Technological innovation, organizational innovation, creativity in product innovation service,

competition, competitive advantage

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Evolution and its trends in camels (Camelusdromedarius) through

geological time scale
SACHINCHANGOTRA, SEEMABHARTI
GGMSC College, Jammu University, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Email: sachin.chang@gmail.com
Abstract: The Camel (also known as the Dromedary Camel, the Arabian Camel and the One-Humped Camel) is
a large hoofed animal that is most commonly found in the hot deserts of Northern Africa and the Middle East.
Thought to have been first domesticated by native people more than 5,000 years ago, these hardy animals have
proved vital to the survival of humans in these areas as they are not just used for transporting both people and
goods, but also provide a good source of milk, meat and wool. The Camel is one of the most unique mammals
on the planet and has adapted perfectly to life in the desert where food and water can often be scarce, and the
temperature changes rapidly from the scorching-hot days to the cooler nights. However, although they would
have once been found freely roaming the Arabian deserts, they are today extinct from the wild but the domestic
population is widespread and numerous.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
E - Learning: A 21st Century Approach to Education

MANJU KHOSLA
Department of Commerce, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Email: mjkhosla@gmail.com
Abstract: A learning system based on formalized teaching but with the help of electronic resources is known
as E-education. ... E-education can also be termed as a network enabled transfer of skills and knowledge, and the
delivery of education is made to a large number of recipients at the same or different times. The popularity of E
– education is increased day by day because of number of reasons - Every day, we turn to the Internet for
gaining information, online courses have mushroomed like never before, virtual classrooms are on the rise, the
number of students registering for such courses has shot through the roof. In addition, e-education has found its
place in the heart of training incumbent personnel in the corporate sector. The World Wide Web (WWW) is
being used to improve communication, collaboration, sharing of resources, promoting active learning, and
delivery of education in distance learning mode. Through this paper, author is trying to focus on emerging
trends in E-education system. E - learning is a very broad area of research in terms of education system.
Keywords Distance Education, e-learning, Education

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Implications of Financial Globalization on MSMEs: A Study on the

Perception of the Promoters of MSMEs in India
NILAM PANCHAL1, W. C. SINGH2
1
Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
2
Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India
Email: nilamcpanchal@gmail.com, drwcsingh@gmail.com
Abstract: The globalization of business has increasingly drawn MSMEs into global value chains through
different types of cross-border activities. Many entrepreneurs are recognizing the opportunities that this process
offers and gaining access to global markets has become a strategic instrument for their further development.
Access to global markets for small business can offer a host of business opportunities, such as larger and new
niche markets; possibilities to exploit scale and technological advantages; upgrading of technological capability;
ways of spreading risk; lowering and sharing costs, including R&D costs; and in many cases, improving access
to finance. Gaining access to global markets can help prospective high-growth firms realize their potential and
are often an essential strategic move for SMEs with large investments in intellectual property.But globalization
can also pose challenges and threats which MSMEs, from a resource viewpoint, are less well-equipped compare
to larger firms. These challenges can expose them to heightened international competition from foreign firms,
and may result in the loss of traditional markets to lower-priced competition from overseas. Challenges and
threats may concern the following: standards and international compatibility issues, intellectual property
protection, markets, political risks, corruption, economies of scale, pricing and promotion, and rule of law
issues. This situation poses a question of what will be the future of MSMEs into globalised world and what are
the opinions of promoters who are involved into running of such enterprises. The study thus confining the state
of Gujarat analyze the perception of promoters regarding future of MSMEs in the era of financial globalization,
which will give an in-depth insight into what are the future prospects for the development of state. Government
of India retains MSMEs as it supports economic development.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Entrepreneurial Eco System in Autonomous Institutions

KROVI RAJA SEKHAR
Center for Innovation, Incubation & Entrepreneurship, KLEF, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract: Entrepreneurship is becoming an important academic, educational and intellectual component in

educational institutes especially in professional organizations like engineering, science and other specialized set
ups. Developing entrepreneurial eco system in these autonomous institutions is a challenge to attain
entrepreneurial objectives with respect to the goals set under the umbrella of Make in India, Skill India, Start up
India and many other entrepreneurial components publicized by Government of India. Though GoI is providing
an excellent opportunity to establish incubation centres either through NITI Aayog or DST NIDHI schemes with
all the state of art facilities, it is the responsibility of individual institutes to ensure that the ecosystem is to be
built before the opportunity comes to them to take the support of said grants to set up admirable incubation
center with subsequent infrastructure & facilities to all eligible stakeholders. AICTE has released Startup India
policy in the year 2016 with a vision to create 100,000 tech based start-ups and a million employment
opportunities by 2025. This is possible only when educational institutes will involve in developing an ideal
entrepreneurial eco-system and promoting strong inter institutional partnerships among technical institutions. To
help creating huge number of start-ups AICTE has suggested diversified strategies to visualize the vision set in
the policy. KL (Deemed to be University) has succeeded in building a state of art entrepreneurial eco system
towards next generation Entrepreneurs and set up a trademark model with a separate and dedicated center called
Center for Innovation, Incubation and Entrepreneurship (CIIE) in the year 2013. The center has operated with
committed team and with all administrative capabilities. The university has developed a policy even before
AICTE has released its start-up policy. During its journey university has been able to implement and practice
trademarked strategies and by virtue they become part of national level start-up policy. The institute has brought
lot of mechanisms to integrate entrepreneurship in to academics and each component is executed keeping
students’ academic profile integrating with their course of study. Academic benefits like offering
entrepreneurship related courses as open and certificate courses, attendance up to 20%, semester break,
mini/major project/practice school through start ups, registration fee waiver to participate in national level start
up fests and events. A small start up seed fund to built prototypes by the students in the premises itself is boom
for the generation. Allocation of separate and huge budget (1.2 Crores) for entrepreneurial activities has become
part of the annual budget with 50,00,000 as seed fund for developing prototypes. University through its CIIE
policy has ensured that handholding support is part of their academic journey who ever wishes to become
entrepreneur.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Entrepreneurship and Management System in Private Hospitals in Delhi:

Dimensions and Challenges
ANIL SINGH1, POONAM ANIL BHARDWAJ1, GOPAL SINGH LATWAL2
1
Department of Management, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
2
Department of Management, IITM, Janakpuri, Delhi, India
Email: poonamanilbhardwaj@gmail.com, gopalsinghusl@gmail.com
Abstract: Hospitals and health is increasingly being recognized as critical human capital component, which
contributes significantly towards the development of a nation. Health is a fundamental right and basic requirement to
improve the quality of life. Services delivery, workforce, information, free enterprise, management and financing etc.,
are the building blocks for strengthening of the private hospitals in Delhi. But the current status and future challenges
of health care system in Delhi unable to perform its promises due to the rising burden of diseases demands
commensurate investment. It is estimated that Delhi needs more than seven lakhs of additional beds over the next five
years. Though the process of entrepreneurship and their management have added a new dimensions to the efforts at
bringing private sector health care to the vast populace in Delhi however, it has not achieved impressive health care
services. Quantitative improvements has achieved to some extent but qualitative improvement is negligible in private
hospitals. Hence, a health entrepreneur and its management not only brings a focused approach to better quality but
also applies his domain expertise which differentiates the business from a system driven model. Thus, the present
paper based on secondary data is an attempt to examine the health care industry using the concept of entrepreneurship
as an appropriate approach for bettering the outlook of health care organizations. The findings reveal that, financial
and technical support is very helpful to ensure entrepreneurship. This paper will be useful for analysis of the policy
building in broader perspective.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Development, Health, Private Sector, Management, Technology

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Value of CEO Share-Ownership and earnings Management: Evidence from India

SAJALPREET KAUR
University Business School, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Email: sajalpreet.ubs@gmail.com
Abstract: The aim of the present study is to probe the relationship of value of CEO share-ownership and
discretionary accruals estimated using Warfield et al. (1995) and modified Jones model (Dechow et al.1995).The
study has taken the sample firms from S&P BSE 100 Index for a time period of three years i.e. 2014-15 to 2016-17.
The required data is obtained from PROWESS database maintained by the centre for Monitoring Indian Economy
(CMIE) and the respective annual reports of the sample firms. The pitfall of probable endogeneity between the
variables is solved using simultaneous equation model (2SLS). The results show that at low CEO share ownership,
association between values of CEO shareholding and the discretionary accruals is negative which is congruent with
the argument of incentive alignment and lesser contractual restraints by the stakeholders. After reaching a turning
point the negative relation reverses i.e. becomes positive, indicating that managerial entrenchment might have set in
leading to accounting numbers restraints by stakeholders. The outcomes of the present research have important policy
undertones as the remunerations of the senior management including CEOs are rising steeply and continuing to be
debated by Institutional investors, regulators, media, etc. Presenting the results that value of shareholding impacts
incentive alignment and is an important in-company governance tool further adds to the discussion. The major
contribution of the research is that the value rather than number of shares held by CEOs, is likely to drive the
incentive alignment of owners and management and also the entrenchment effect.
Keywords: CEO’s share-ownership value, Entrenchment effect, Agency problem, Incentive alignment,
Discretionary accruals, Managerial share-ownership.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A case for scientific crowdfunding in India: Challenges and Opportunities
SHASHANK 1, NAYAK SUBRAMANYA G2

1
NIDHI- EIR recipient, Manipal University Technology Business Incubator, Manipal Institute of
Technology campus, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India - 576 104
2
Department of E & C Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India - 576 104
Email: gs.nayak@manipal.edu
Abstract: Crowdfunding has emerged as an alternative fundraising venue for technology, innovation, social
causes, the arts and health in the developed and the developing countries of the world. An increasing enthusiasm
is seen in the crowdfunding space especially in the developing countries in the recent years, owing to the
exponential increase in social connectivity because of the advent of social media platforms and low-cost
internet. The trends suggest the increase in social activism in the 21st century, where people want to actively
engage in their areas of interest outside their profession to bring about their idea of change, however incremental
in nature. This environment provides a conducive space for scientific crowdfunding to take shape in India. At a
time where traditional sources for research funding are dwindling, scientific crowdfunding has the potential to
be an alternative funding source with an added benefit- social engagement.
Keywords: CFP, AON, KIA

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Adaptive Horn System

SANTOSH BHIMRAO CHOUGULE
Department of Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra, India
Email:sbchougule1711@gmail.com
Abstract: India is the sixth largest producer of passenger vehicles in the world. Car sales are rapidly increasing
and have surged ahead of bigger markets like China, Brazil, and Europe. By 2050, the country is expected to top
the world in the number of cars on the roads. About 75% people in the world has been using vehicle for easy
life. Increased vehicle create pollution which makes hazards on human health. Noise Pollution is major cause of
headache, deafness etc. Horn is a sound-making device used in vehicle to warn others of the approach of the
vehicle or of its presence and the most important unit in an automobile. On the roads it is seen that motorist
blow horn unnecessarily which is intolerable to avoid this. In our project intensity of horn sound is based on
speed of the vehicle. When the speed of the vehicle is in the range of 0 to 30kmph the sound intensity of horn
will be less. As the speed of vehicle crosses 30kmph, the sound intensity of the horn will increase.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
A Study of E-Banking in India: with Special Reference to

New Private Sector Banks
DES RAJ BAJWA
Dept. of Commerce and Management, Govt. P.G. College, Ambala, India
Email: drbajwa7@gmail.com
Abstract: The U.S. banking system is unusual in consisting not only of some very large banks but also a large
number of relatively small community banks. This bifurcated banking structure resulted largely from a legal
framework that, in the past, restricted banks’ abilities to diversify geographically. This institutional structure, in
turn, reflected a long-standing concern in the United States about the concentration of banking power in a few
very large institutions located far away from many of the customers they serve. The bifurcated banking system
in the United States has served the economy well. Over time, with regulatory change and financial innovation,
large banks have become complex organizations engaged in a wide range of activities. They provide a variety of
services to their customers, but often rely on hard financial information, computer models, and centralized
decision-making as the basis for conducting business. In contrast, small banks have focused more on
“relationship banking basing decisions on personal knowledge of customers’ creditworthiness and a keen
understanding of business conditions in the communities they serve. In this way, the bifurcated banking system
has served the needs of a diverse U.S. economy composed of businesses of all shapes and sizes and consumers
with diverse needs and preferences. While community banks have a clear place in the U.S. banking system,
some analysts have questioned whether they play a sufficiently important role in the economy to warrant public
interest and oversight. With increased merger activity over the last 20 years, the number of community banks—
while still quite large—has declined. In addition, small banks pose little systemic risk to the nation’s financial
system. And, if community banks were not there, other financial services providers might readily step in to take
their place. This article examines the role of community banks in the U.S. economy. The first section of the
article argues that, while community banks hold only a small share of the nation’s banking assets, they provide
important financial services—for which there are few, if any, substitutes—to some key sectors of the economy.
The second section argues that community banks will continue to play an important role in the banking industry,
even as technology and market conditions change. The paper concludes that the Federal Reserve therefore has a
strong interest in understanding issues facing community banks. Sound banking system is the backbone of
economic as well social development and information technology in turn has become the backbone of banking
activities. Technology which was playing supportive role became essential part of modern banking activities.
The Indian banking system has undergone significant structural transformation since the 1990s. An administered
regime under state ownership until the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1992, the sector was opened to
greater competition and technological up-gradation by the entry of private banks and more liberal entry of
foreign banks in line with the recommendations of the Report of the Committee on the Financial System
(Chaired by Shri M. Narasimham).
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Value maximization and Profit maximization of a Firm

DIPANKAR DAS, J. K. MAHAPATRA
J. K. Mahapatra & Associates, Kolkata, West Bengal
Email: dipankarwbindia@gmail.com
Abstract: The primary objective or goal of the firm is to maximize value of the firm, that is, shareholders
wealth. Since in a corporate form of business it is the shareholders who are the owner of the firm, value of a
firm represent shareholders wealth. Thus value maximization of a firm implies maximization of shareholders
wealth. Actually value maximization is not a vision or a strategy or even a purpose, it is the scorecard of the
organization. Profit maximization- a case study Starbucks raised the price of beverage by an average 1% across
the U.S. As per Starbucks the price increase was due to increase of labor cost and non Coffee commodity
expenses, but with the significantly lower coffee cost already improved their profit margins. In addition, the
price hike was applied to less than a third of their beverages and only targets certain region. As a result
Starbucks achieved by average 11% operating profit increase due to 1% rise of beverage prices.

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Impact of capital structure on profitability in India

AINSLEY GRANVILLE ANDRE JORGE BERNARD, BRAHMA EDWIN BARRETO
Department of Commerce, V.V.M’s Shree Damodar College of Commerce and Economics, Goa, India
Abstract: In a wake of liberalization and globalization of economic policies across the globe, investment
opportunities have expanded and financing options have widened, and above all dependence on capital markets
has increased. Companies can use either debt or equity capital to finance their assets; the best being a mix of
debt and equity. Of all the aspects of capital investment decision, capital structure decision is the vital one, since
the profitability of an enterprise is directly affected by such decision. Hence, proper care and attention need to
be given while making the capital structure decision. The current paper attempts to measure the impact of
capital structure on company’s profitability. The study establishes the hypothesized relationship of capital
structure affecting the business revenue of companies and the interrelationship between capital structure and
profitability. Ten companies belonging to the cement industry were considered for the purpose of the study. Five
years data ranging from 2013 to 2017 was considered for the purpose of the study. Capital structure is
represented by Debt/ Equity Ratio. Return on Investment (ROI), Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) and
Return on Equity (ROE) have been considered to be the determinants of profitability for the purpose of the
study. To analyse the impact of capital structure on company’s profitability Descriptive Statistics, Correlation
analysis and OLS Regression Model were used. The study concludes that out of the ten companies considered
for the study, JK cement, KCP and JK Lakshmi cement established a positive impact of capital structure on
profitability; whereas India Cement, Ultra Tech Cement, Ambuja Cement, ACC Cement, Dalmia Bharat, Birla
Corp and Prism Cement have shown a negative impact of capital structure on profitability.
Keywords: Capital Structure, Debt/ Equity Ratio, Return on Investment, Return on Capital Employed, Return
on Equity
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Employee Empowerment and its Psychological Perspective

SABZAR AHMAD PEERZADAH, SABIYA MUFTI, NAZIR AH. NAZIR
Department of Commerce, University of Kashmir, India
Email: sabzar.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net
Abstract: Employee empowerment is perceived as a motivational practice that directs an employee to increase
the performance by increasing the opportunities for participation and involvement in decision making. To
empower an employee is very important in all organizations. It is the process of encouraging an employee to act,
think, react, control, and behave in their work in self-sufficient ways. This is one way of how an organization
shows its trust in their employees. Furthermore, they are giving them the authority to solve and provide
solutions on problems faster. In this process, the employees will have the enthusiasm, innovation, initiative, and
involvement in the organization and hence will be capable to do their work efficiently and effectively. Employee
empowerment is seen as very important to increase the productivity, to build trust, to have more job satisfaction
and to improve the quality of work. Hence, the aim of the study is to through light on the concept of employee
empowerment in general and on its psychological perspective in particular. Psychological empowerment is a set
of motivational cognitions, of meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact, shaped by the work
environment and reflecting an individual’s active orientation to his or her work role with the implication that
elimination of any one of the units will reduce the overall extent of empowerment. At the same time, an attempt
is also made to highlight the prominent works or models and some important benefits attained from the
employee empowerment as suggested by the most prominent studies.
Keywords: Empowerment, Motivation, Decision-making, Innovation, Psychological Empowerment

ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Higher Education in India: Challenges and Opportunities
MANOJ KUMAR
Higher Education Commission, Govt. P.G. College, Ambala Cantt, Haryana, India
Email: governmentcollege7@gmail.com
Abstract: Higher education in India has expanded rapidly over the past two decades. This growth has been
mainly driven by private sector initiatives. There are genuine concerns about many of them being substandard
and exploitative. Due to the government’s ambivalence on the role of private sector in higher education, the
growth has been chaotic and unplanned. The regulatory system has failed to maintain standards or check
exploitation instead, it resulted in erecting formidable entry barriers that have generated underside results.
Voluntary accreditation seems to have no takers from amongst private providers and apparently serves little
purpose for any of its stakeholders.
ISBN 978-93-87793-52-1
Dissecting the Management Model and Financial Management Strategy of

Sari-Sari Store and Its Sustainability amid the Rise of Convenience
Store Chains in the Philippines
ANTHON MARK JAY RIVAS1, KAYE MARIE BACELONA2, SHAIRA GIANGO2
1
Graduate Studies, Taguig City University, Taguig City, Philippines
2
Filipino Innovators, Researchers and Educators Organization, Philippines
Email: anthonmarkjay@hotmail.com, kayemarie.bacelona@yahoo.com, sharia_giango@yahoo.com
Abstract: Sari-sari store is an integral part in the Philippine retail economy. The word sari-sari is directly
translated as variety and these neighbourhood sundry stores are unique to the Filipino society. Commodities,
especially essential household items, are sold in small quantities. In the rise of Filipino household income, of
convenience store chains and of technological advancement, dissecting the management model of the sari-sari
stores must be evaluated to determine its sustainability and competitiveness.
The study found that sari-sari stores were single proprietor and usually managed by women who wanted extra
income and help in the daily expenses of the family. Given that financing of the business came from personal
savings or personal loans, the stores followed a lean business model. Employees were mostly family members
or relatives. Operating activities were simple business transactions as purchasing from wholesaler or
manufacturer and directly selling the commodities to final customers who were people either living in the
neighbourhood or passers-by in the area.
Convenience stores, as direct competitor and as opposed to sari-sari stores, were bigger in terms of initial
capital and physical establishment. In terms of available goods for sale, convenience stores offered a wider
range of items. However, goods available in sari-sari stores may include commodities that can be considered as
‘retail of retailed goods’. With its limited capital, sari-sari store’s challenge include failing to collect consumer
credits, thereby creating cash flow and liquidity problems. Profitability was hard to measure sometimes, as some
stores did not record expenses and sales.
The introduction in retail top-up/load for mobile devices was an additional income for sari-sari stores but the
rise of technology such as virtual wallet and mobile banking that allowed for topping-up/loading of own prepaid
mobile phone numbers threatened to wipe out the future gains in this profitable segment.
Despite the challenges of sari-sari stores and given the minimum return expected by the owners, the outlook
remained positive in a strategic neighbourhood where convenience stores were not able to sustain expected
returns. Bookkeeping must be enhanced for regular evaluation of profitability. Separation of household expenses
and business expenses should also be enforced.
Keywords: Management Model, Financial Management, Commodities, Sustainability, Competitiveness

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7 World Conference On Applied Sciences, Engineering and Management

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7th World Conference on Applied Sciences,

Engineering and Management

The American Business School of Paris, France

Proceedings of the Conference

Organized jointly by:

All rights reserved.

Part of IGS Group, the international American

In our cross-cultural environment, our students

Besides the accredited American degrees they

CONFERENCE CHAIR MESSAGE

- In 2017, Paris won the award for innovation from the EU

Moreover, it is important to remember that the link between entrepreneurship and

Prof. R. Hafeez Basha, Ph. D

Prof. Raju Aedla, Ph. D

Ms. Nafeesa Parveen Chief HR & Finance Officer, BRCORP

Mr. Raiyan Kabir Research Engineer Trainee, BRCORP

Effect of corrosion in concrete structures on response to earthquake 021

Study on Influence of Salinity in Gurupura Estuary Sand on Durability of Reinforced 024

Numerical Modelling of Structural Pounding between Soft Storey Structures 024

Waste plastic as an effective construction material 025

A Technique for House Lifting: Prototype Model 026

Experimental Determination of Permeability of Filter material based on Controlling 026

Effect of Shape of Obstruction on Local Scour Depth 027

Seismic Behavior of Outrigger System in High-rise RC Buildings 028

Strength and Workability study of Tyre Rubber Concrete 029

A study on microstructure of SCC when subjected to thermal cycle 029

Strength characteristics of Geo-polymer mortar 030

A Review on dissimilar forms of footing structure lying on weak soil 031

Investigation of groundwater quality in relation to iron and manganese in Pepel-Northern 032

Investigation of the potential of polyvinyl alcohol as an inhibitor of spontaneous 033

Increase of Natural Soil CO2 Emissions 033

Assessment of Water Quality Parameters of Madhumati Nallah 034

Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Water Resources of Developing Countries 040

Review of the development of differential evolution in Engineering 041

Recognition and Detection of Object using Graph-Cut Segmentation 041

A Robust Post-Disaster Mobile Application: DisCom 042

Analysis of Interior vs. Exterior Protection Mechanism in Web applications 043

Reinventing the Internet for Customized User Experience 043

Minimizing Energy cost for Storage nodes in Sensor networks 045

Predicting Gross Domestic Product using Machine Learning 045

Institution-Industry-Society: A Process of Bringing Togetherness in Innovation and its 046

Power Management in Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Power System 047

Battery Energy Management in PV Systems 048

A Comparative Analysis of Optimal and Efficient Bio-Mass Energy System 049

Heterogeneous Networks in LTE-Advanced 051

Overview of Device-to-Device Communication and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication 052

Performance analysis of an aerospace ecosystem: Case study of an industrialising 053

Design and Development of a Solar Water Puriﬁer 055

Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Unconventional Brick using Statistical 056

Impact of quality management on the firm performance at Moroccan companies 059

Human Resource Management in Multinational and Domestic Enterprises: A 061

Impact of E-Marketing on Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of Symbios Online 061

The Impact of Technological Innovation on Economic Enterprise Competitiveness 062

E - Learning: A 21st Century Approach to Education 063

Implications of Financial Globalization on MSMEs: A Study on the Perception of the 063

Entrepreneurial Eco System in Autonomous Institutions 064

Entrepreneurship and Management System in Private Hospitals in Delhi: Dimensions 065

A case for scientific crowdfunding in India: Challenges and Opportunities 066

Adaptive Horn System 066

Value maximization and Profit maximization of a Firm 068

Impact of capital structure on profitability in India 068

Employee Empowerment and its Psychological Perspective 069

Higher Education in India: Challenges and Opportunities 069