11 Department of Education-

Region III TARLAC CITY

SCHOOLS DIVISION
Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 - 8180

GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Week 7
Learning Activity Sheet

1
 GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Name: _________________________ Date : ________

Section: ___________________ Q1- Week 7

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Background Information:

The graph of an exponential function is a necessary tool in describing its behavior and
characteristics, its intercepts, asymptotes and zeroes. A graph can also provide insights as to real-
life situations that can be modeled by exponential functions.

Properties of the graph of Exponential Functions of the form f(x)=b x

if b>1:
1. The y-intercept is 1.
2. The graph passes through the point (0,1).
3. The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis as x approaches -∞; there is no x-intercept.
4. As x increases, f(x) also increases.
5. As x decreases, f(x) also decreases and gets closer and closer to 0.

An asymptote is an imaginary line that a graph approaches but never intersects.

if 0<b<1:
1. The y-intercept is 1.
2. The graph passes through the point (0,1).
3. The Graph is asymptotic to the x-axis as x approaches ∞; there is no x-intercept.
4. As x increases, f(x) decreases.
5. As x decreases, f(x) increases.
Example 1: Determine the intercepts and Example 2: Determine the intercepts and
asymptotes of the exponential function. asymptotes of the exponential function.
f(x) = 2x 𝟏
f(x) = ( )x + 1
𝟐

Step 1: Find the x- and y-intercepts, if there

Step 1: Find the x- and y-intercepts, if there
is any.
is any.
To find the x-intercept, equate the function to
To find the x-intercept, equate the function to
zero.
zero.
f(x) = 2x 1
2x = 0 f(x) = ( )x + 1
2
1
The resulting equation suggest that f(x) has no ( )x + 1 = 0
2
zero since no real value of x will make 2 x = 0 1
( )x = -1
a true statement. 2
The resulting equation suggest that f(x) has no
1
To find the y-intercept, evaluate f(0). zero since no real value of x will make ( )x = -1
2
f(x) = 2x a true statement.
f(0) = 2(0) To find the y-intercept, evaluate f(0).
f(0) = 1 1
f(x) = ( )x + 1
2
The y-intercept of the graph of f(x) is (0,1) 1
f(0) = ( )0 + 1
2
Step 2: Create a table of values. f(0) = 1 + 1
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 f(0) = 2
f(x) .13 .25 .5 1 2 4 8 The y-intercept of the graph of f(x) is (0,2)
2
 Step 3: Identify the asymptote. Step 2: Create a table of values.
As x decreases, 2x approaches 0. Thus the x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
horizontal asymptote is y=0. f(x) 9 5 3 2 1.5 1.25

Step 4: Plot the points and connect them Step 3: Identify the asymptote.
using a smooth curve. As x increases, f(x) approaches 1. Thus the
horizontal asymptote is y=1.

Step 4: Plot the points and connect them

using a smooth curve.
y
10

0
-4 -2 0 2 4

Exponential Function
By definition, an Exponential function with base b is a function of the form f(x)=b x or y=bx,
where b>0, b≠1.
Some of the most common applications of exponential functions are Population Growth,
Exponential Decay, and Compound Interest.

a. Exponential Models and Population Growth

Suppose a quantity y doubles every T unit of time. If yo is the initial amount, then the quantity
y after t units of time is given by:

y = yo (2)t/T

Example 1: At time t=0, 500 bacteria are in a petri dish and this amount triples every 15 days.
(i) Give an Exponential model for the situation, (ii) How many bacteria are in the dish after 40 days?
Solution: (i) Exponential Model y = yo (3)t/T
(ii) Given: yo = 500, T=15 days, t=40, find y=?
Substituting the values;
y = 500 (3)40/15 Input the values in a Scientific Calculator as follows:
Step No. Input Output in Scientific
Calculator
1 500 500
2 (3) 500(3)
3 press ^ 500(3) ^
4 (40 500(3) ^(40
5 press a𝑏⁄𝑐 15) 500(3) ^(40 ┘15)
6 press = 9,360.377204
y = 9,360 (The number of bacteria in the dish after 40 days)

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b. Exponential Decay

The Half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the substance to decay.
1
y = yo ( )t/T
2

Example 1: The half-life of a substance is 400 years.(i) Give an exponential model for the situation.
(ii)How much will remain after 600 years if the initial amount was 200 grams?

Solution: (i) Exponential Model y = yo (12)t/T

(ii) Given: yo = 200 grams, T=400 years, t = 600, find y = ?

Substituting the values:

y = 200 (12)600/400 Input the values in a Scientific Calculator as follows:

Step No. Input Output in Scientific

Calculator
1 200 200
2 (1 press a𝑏⁄𝑐 2) 200(1┘2)
3 press ^ 200(1┘2) ^
4 (600 200(1┘2) ^(600
5 press a𝑏⁄𝑐 400)
200(1┘2) ^(600┘400)
6 press = 70.71067812

y = 70.71 grams

c. Compound Interest

If a Principal P is invested at an annual rate of r, compounded annually then the amount after
t years is given by A = P (1+r)t.

Example 1: Robert invested Php 30,000 after graduation. If the average interest rate is 5.8%
compounded annually. (i) Give an exponential model for the situation, and (ii) will the money be
doubled in 15 years?
Solution: (i) Exponential Model A = P (1+r)t
(ii) Given: P = 30,000 , r = 5.8% (0.058 in decimal form) , t = 15 years , Find A=?
Substituting the values
A = 30,000 (1 +0.058)15 Input the values in a Scientific Calculator as follow
Step No. Input Output in Scientific
Calculator
1 30000 30000
2 (1+0.058) 30000(1+0.058)
3 press ^ 30000(1+0.058) ^
4 15 30000(1+0.058) ^15
5 press = 69,888.58864
A = Php 69,888.59 (The money has more than doubled in 15 years.)

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Solving Exponential Equations
An exponential equation is an equation in which the unknown occurs as part of the index or
exponent.
One-to-one property of Exponential Functions
if x1 ≠x2, then 𝑏 𝑥1 ≠𝑏 𝑥2 Conversely, if 𝑏 𝑥1 =𝑏 𝑥2 then x1 = x2 Laws of Exponents
Example 1: Solve the equation 4x-1 = 16. For any Real Numbers a and
Solution: b, and any positive real
numbers m and n,
4x-1 = 16
4x-1 = 42 Make the bases the same a. am an = am+n

x-1 = 2 Copy the exponents and equate them b. (am)n = amn

x = 2 +1 c. (ab)n = anbn
x=3 answer 𝑎𝑚
d. = am-n , a≠0
1 𝑏𝑛
Example 2: Solve the equation 7x =
49 𝑎 𝑎𝑛
1 e. ( )n = , b≠0
𝑏 𝑏𝑛
Solution: 7x =
49
f. a0 = 1
7x = 49-1
7x = 72(-1) Make the bases the same

x = 2(-1) Copy the exponents and equate them

x = -2
answer

Solving Exponential Inequalities

An exponential inequality is an inequality that has an algebraic exponent.

Property of Exponential Inequalities

If b>1, then the exponential function y = bx is increasing for all x. This means that bx < by if and
only if x<y.
If 0 < b < 1, then the exponential function y = bx is decreasing for all x. This means that bx > by if
and only if x<y.

Example 1: Find the possible values of x in 23x + 1 > 32.

Solution: 23x + 1 > 32

23x + 1 > 25 Make the bases the same

3x + 1 > 5 Copy the exponents and the relational symbol

3x > 5-1
x > 4/3
4
{x ϵ ℝ / x > 4/3} or ( , +∞) Answer
3

5
 49 9
Example 2: Find the possible values of ( )x+1 > .
81 7
49 9
Solution: ( )x+1 >
81 7
49 7
( )x+1 > ( )-1
81 9
7 7 Make the bases the same
( )2(x+1) > ( )-1
9 9

2(x+1) < -1 Copy the exponents and since b < 1, reverse the
inequality sign
2x + 2 < -1
3
x<-
2
3 3
{x ϵ ℝ / x < - } or (-∞ , - ] Answer
2 2

Learning Competencies:
 Determines the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of an exponential function (M11GM-If-4)
 Solves problems involving exponential functions, equations, and inequalities (M11GM-Ig-2)

Directions/ Instructions:
Read and understand the following problems carefully.
Exercises/activities may be answered with the help/guidance of family member(s) for better
understanding of the concept.
Activity 1
Find the (1)intercepts, (2)asymptote of the following exponential function. (3)Create a table of values
using the following domains (-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3) and (4)plot the result.
1. f(x) = 3x 2. f(x) = 22x+1
X x
Y y

Scoring Rubric for Activity 1 (10 points per Item)

Score Criteria
Zeroes and asymptotes are determined, Table of values are created and The Graph is
10
properly plotted.
Only the zeroes or Asymptotes are determined, Table of values are created and The
9
Graph is properly plotted.
Zeroes and asymptotes are not determined, Table of values are created and The Graph
8
is properly plotted.
7 Table of values are created and The Graph is properly plotted.
6 Zeroes and asymptotes are determined and Table of values are created
5 Zeroes and asymptotes are determined
0 The student did not attempt to answer

Activity 2
1. A barangay has 1,000 individuals and its population doubles every 60 years. Give an exponential
model for the barangay. What is the barangays population in 10 years?

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2. Suppose that a couple invested P50,000 in an account when their child was born, to prepare for
the child’s college education. If the average interest rate is 4.4% compounded annually, (a) give an
exponential model for the situation, and (b) will the money be doubled by the time the child turns 18
years old?
3. A bank offers 2% annual interest rate, compounded annually, for a certain fund. Give an exponential
model for a sum of P10,000 invested under this scheme. How much money will there be in the account
after 20 years?

4. Suppose that the half-life of a substance is 250 years. If there were initially 100g of the substance,
(a) give an exponential model for the situation, and (b) how much will remain after 500 years?

5. The half-life of a radioactive substance as 1200 years. If the initial amount of the substance is 300
grams, give an exponential model for the amount remaining after t years. What amount of substance
remains after 1000 years.
Activity 3
Solve for the value(s) of x.

3 25
2. ( )x+1 = 3. 53x+8 = 252x 4. 24x+2 = 8x-2 1
1. 169x = 13x 5 9 5. 9-x =
27

6. 43x+2 < 64 7. 10x > 100-2x-5 1

8. 32-x < 1
27 9. 22x < 10. 325x+2 = 165x
16

Activity 4

Reflection:
Search for anything within or outside your house wherein exponential function can be
observed or applied. Write down your observation on the space provided.
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References:
Deped Most Essential Learning Competencies - General Mathematics Week 7
Versoza,Debbie Marie., et. al, General Mathematics Teacher’s Guide First Edition, Deped Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, DepEd-BLR, 2016, pp 87-110
Versoza,Debbie Marie., et. al, General Mathematics Teacher’s Guide First Edition, Deped Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, DepEd-BLR, 2016, pp 82-98

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Answer key

Activity 1
1. x-intercept = none, 1. x-intercept = none,
y -intercept = (0,1) , y -intercept = (0,2) ,
H. asymptote y=0 H. asymptote y=0

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y 1 1 1 1 3 9 27 Y 1 1 1 2 8 32 128
27 9 3 32 16 2

y y
30 140.000000
120.000000
25
100.000000
20
80.000000
15 60.000000

10 40.000000
20.000000
5
0.000000
0 -4 -2 0 2 4
-4 -2 0 2 4

Activity 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
y = 1000(2)10/60 A = 50,000(1+.044)10/60 20
A =1,000(1+.02) 1 1
y=100( )500/250 y=300( )1000/1200
2 2

Answer
Answer y = P108,537.29 Answer
Yes, more than Answer Answer
y = 1,122 y = P14,859.47
doubled the y = 25 grams y = 168.36
amount

Prepared by:
HILARIO O. SALUDEZ
Teacher II, Alvindia - Aguso High School.