AREA BY OFFSETS FROM A STRAIGHT LINE

WHERE:

A = summation of the areas of the trapezoids comprising total area

d = common spacing between offsets

n = number of offset

h1 = end (first) offset

hn = end (last) offset

h2, h3, h4, etc. = intermediate offsets

hn-1 = last intermediate offset

FORMULATED EQUATIONS

A = {[(h1+h2)/2] d} + {[(h2+h3)/2] d} + .............. + {[(hn-1+hn)/2] d} ... Eq. (1)

A = d [(h1+hn)/2 + h2 + h3 + h4 + ................................ + hn-1 ...................... Eq. (2)

2A = d1 (h1+h2) + d2 (h2+h3) + d3 (h3+h4) + ......... + dn-1 (hn-1+hn) ...... Eq. (3)

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS:
EXAMPLE #1: TRAPEZOILDAL RULE
A series of perpendicular offset were taken from a transit line to an irregular boundary. These offsets were taken 2.5 m apart and were measured
in the following order; 0.0, 2.6, 4.2, 4.4, 3.8, 2.5, 4.5, 5.2, 1.6 and 5.0 meters. By the trapezoidal rule, find the area included between the transit
line, the curve boundary and the end offsets.
SKETCH & SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE #2: SIMPSON’S ONE-THIRD RULE
From a transit line to the edge of a river, a series of perpendicular offsets are taken. These offsets are spaced 4.0 meters apart and were measured
in the following order; 0.5, 1.4, 2.5, 5.6, 8.5, 7.4, 3.8, 5.1 and 2.3 meters. By Simson’s One-Third Rule, compute the area included between the
transit line, the river’s edge and the line offsets.
SKETCH & SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE #3: IRREGULARLY SPACED OFFSETS
A Geodetic Engineer needed to know the area between the straight line AB and a meandering stream as shown in Figure 45-6. At irregular intervals
along line AB, he measured offset distances from the line to one edge of the stream with the results as shown on the figure. Determine the required
area.
SKETCH & SOLUTION:

2(AREA) = {[d1 (h1+h2)] + [d2 (h2+h3)] + [d3 (h3+h4)] + [d4 (h4+h5)] + [d5 (h5+h6)] + [d6 (h6+h7)] + [d7 (h7+h8)] + [d8 (h8+h9)] + [d9
(h9+h10) + [d10 (h10+h11)]}
AREA = 2410.9/2
A = 1205.50 SQ.M.