Module 4 Overview single novel change even just a bigger part of

the society?
One of the reasons why Rizal was chosen as
the national hero is because he used his Module 4 Works (Major)
knowledge in searching for reform instead of Rizal’s Novels
resorting to violence. This principle manifests R. De los Reyes
in his works and writings. This module will be
dealing with the works of Rizal including his Rizal's Novels
novels, correspondence, literary works, and This deals with the two famous novels of Jose
other publications. Rizal, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterimo
published in 1887 and 1892 respectively in
In particular, the discussion of the two novels is Europe.
provided on one topic. We can see here the These two novels are instrumental good to
analysis and the impact of Noli me Tangere and resolve the difficulties people have been
El Filibusterismo. And then the important experiencing for a long period of time. It is a
literary works made by Rizal that contributed prescription of Jose Rizal with end view of
to his fame but with political implications. In curing the malady in the society.
the latter part of this module, Rizal's
annotation of Morga's Susesos de Las Islas “Noli Me Tangere”
Filipinas will be given also special attention.  The title, in Latin, meaning Touch me not,
This module will give an orientation to the pertains to scriptural verse of John 20:17 in
students about the works of Jose Rizal that the Bible (King James Version) as Mary
made him famous and hero. Magdalene tried to touch the newly risen
Jesus, He said "Touch me not; for I am not yet
4.1: Rizal’s Novels ascended to my Father.“
 JOSE RIZAL opted that the prospective novel
This topic deals with the novels of Jose Rizal. In narrates the backward, anti-progress and
actuality, Rizal had three novels. The very anti-intellectual way Filipino culture was.
known Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
and the unfinished novel entitled Makamisa. - completed writing Noli Me Tangere in
This topic will explore not only the content of December 1886.
the novels that ignited the hearts of the - foreseen the novelmight not be printed.
readers but also we can determine the - Thru Máximo Viola’s monetarial assistance,
personality of Jose Rizal throughout his the novel is printed in Berliner Buchdruckerei-
writings. Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
 
Please watch this video as an introduction to Primary Characters in Noli Me Tangere
his novels. This will give you an overview of the 1. Crisostomo Ibarra
importance of the novels written by Jose Rizal. Son of a Filipino businessman, Don Rafael
Ibarra, he studied in Europe for seven years
The hard work of Rizal did not end into a and also María Clara's fiancé.
waste. It really had an impact not only in the
Philippines but also in other places in the 2. Maria Clara
world. -raised and treated by Capitán Tiago as his only
daughter girl
In the present time, can you think that this -.an illegitimate daughter of Father Dámaso.
kind of strategy will still be effective? Can a
 3. Capitan Tiago
-real name is Santiago de los Santos and his
nickname Tiago and the poblacion chieftain or
cabeza de barangay or San Diego.
-Maria Clara’s de facto father
descent of his mother into insanity. At the end
of the novel, Elías wished Basilio to bury him by
burning in exchange of chest of gold located on
his death ground. He will later play a major
role in El Filibusterismo.

4. Padre Damaso El Filibusterismo is a sequel of Noli Me Tangere

5. Elias  Rizal had to define the word filibustero to his
- Ibarra's mysterious savior and friend German friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, who
- dreamed of liberating the society from did not understand his use of the word in Noli
Spanish tyrannical governance using violence. Me Tangere. In a letter, Rizal explained:
 “The word filibustero is little known in the
6. Don Anastacio Philippines. The masses do not know it yet. I
-same with Elias ‘ dream of liberating the heard it for the first time in 1872 when the
country from the tyrannical reign via non tragic executions took place. “
violent way- using a cryptographic alphabet  “The Filipinos belonging to the educated
that someday generation in the future can classfear the reach of the word. It does not
uncover the meanings. A bit similar to Rizal in have the meaning of freebooters; it rather
the use of pen to awaken the sleeping minds of means a dangerous patriot who will soon be
the people to the oppression by the colonial hanged or well, a presumptuous man.”
government.  The El Filibusterismo is dedicated to the three
martyred priest execution on the year 1872.
7. Doña Victorina de los Reyes de They were wrongly implicated as having
Espadaña involved in the planning and execution of the
Filipina trying to upgrade herself as a Spanish mutiny in Cavite in 1872.They were Father
in almost in many ways such as clothings, Mariano Gomez, (85 years old ), Father Jose
dialects and make-up on her face Burgos(30 years old and father Jacinto
Zamora(35 years old).
8. Narcisa or Sisa  They were executed at the Bagumbayan field
-mother of Crispin and Basilio who became on February 28, 1872. Gregorio F Zaide and
mentally ill out of intense thinking of serious Sonia Zaide: Jose Rizal: Life, Works and
problems Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and
National Hero. All-Natons Publishing Co. Inc,
9. Crispín 2007
is Sisa's 7-year-old son. An altar boy, he was
unjustly accused of stealing money from the Some points Comparison and Differences
church. After failing to force Crispín to return between Noli and El Filibusterismo
the money he allegedly stole, Father Salví and 1. Noli is a social novel, while El Fili is a political
the head sacristan killed him. It is not directly novel
stated that he was killed, but the dream of 2. Noli is inspired by the heart, while El Fili is
Basilio suggests that Crispín died during his propelled by the head
encounter with Padre Salvi and his minion. 3. Noli injects color and freshness, while it
provokes hatred and bitterness
10. Basilio 4. Noli is composed of 63 chapters, while El Fili
is Sisa's 10-year-old son. An acolyte tasked to has 39 chapters
ring the church bells for the Angelus, he faced 5. Noli is printed in Berlin,Germany while El Fili
the dread of losing his younger brother and the is printed in Ghent, Belgium
5 characters present in both Noli Me Tangere to start the revolution because they don't want
& El Filibusterismo to put into waste the efforts of Rizal:
1. Ibarra, turned Simoun
2. Basilio Because of the revolution, Rizal was convicted
3. Padre Salvi of treason and rebellion even though he really
4. Padre Sibyla doesn't have a direct relation to the Katipunan.
5. Capitan Tiago But even if it was not the case, he will still be
convicted because the Spaniards really want to
Worth pointing is the seemingly analogous of get rid of him. Anyway, the Spaniards can do
what Rizal mentioned in one of the verses in anything because equality before the law is
the Mi Ultimo Adios: “ I am to die just when I non-existent during that time.
see the dawn break “ and that of the one of Is there equality now in our country? In so far
last statements uttered by the dying Elias in as the law is concerned?
the Noli novel- “ You, who have it to see,  
welcome it, forget not those who have fallen Module 4 Works (Major)
during the night I die without seeing the dawn R. De Los Reyes
brighten over my native land! 2. Rizal’s important literary works
“(Zaide,Jose Rizal:Life,Works and Writings of a
Genius Writer, Scientist,and National Hero) This part will bring some of the remarkable
poems, essays and short stories reflecting
Upon completing El Filibusterismo Rizal wrote Rizal’s idea of nationalism. This also brings the
to Blumentritt: "I have not written in it any reason why literature is being connected to
idea of vengeance against my enemies, but politics.
only for the good of those who suffer, for the
rights of Tagalogs....“ Gregorio F Zaide and Rizal’s important literary works
Sonia Zaide: Jose Rizal: Life, Works and The Most Important Literary Works by Jose
Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and Rizal
National Hero. All-Nations Publishing Co. Inc, -To the Filipino Youth
2007 -Goodbye to Leonor
-To the Young Women of Malolos
4.2: Rizal’s Important Literary Works -Kundiman
It is a fact that Rizal was known because of Noli -Junto Al Pasig
and Fili. But aside from those novels, we have -Noli Me Tángere
to remember that he has other works that are -El Filibusterismo
equally aiming for reform in the Philippines. In -Mi último adios
this topic, we are to explore those literary
works of him. Some are written while he was in To The Filipino Youth. People(Garcia.et al.
the Philipines and others were when he was Rizal and the Development of Filipino
abroad. Nationalism)
-written by Rizal as an entry to the 1879
It is the aim of this topic to recognize Rizal not literary contest sponsored by the Liceo
only on the ground of his famous novels but Arstistico Literario de Manila and garnered the
also through his other political writings. grand prize
  -is a classic in the Philippine Literature, being
The Katipunan has plans for revolution but this the first remarkable poem written in Spanish
was ignited by the works of Jose Rizal. This by a Filipino radiating the tenets of nationalism
video clip will show the passion of Katipuneros
-under that poem Rizal was the first to call the Letter to the young women of Malolos
country his motherland -request of Marcelo del Pilar to honor the
women Malolos in their fight for their right to
El Consejo de los Dioses self-improvement
-Rizal’s entry in the literary contest held on -objectives of the letter are: rejection of the
1880 spiritual dominancy of the friars, qualities of
-an allegory in praise of Cervantes as co-equal Filipino mothers need to possess including
of both Homer and Virgil their duties and responsibilities to their
-a proof contradicting the superiority of the children, husbands and young women in the
Spanish over the Filipinos in this field selection of their future husbands.

Junto Al Pasig Through Education The Country Receives Light

-a one act play composed by Rizal in response and The Intimate Alliance Between Religion
to the request of the Jesuits to be performed And Education People(Garcia.et al. Rizal and
during the celebration of the Feast Day of the Development of Filipino Nationalism)
Immaculate Conception. -two poems of Rizal dealing with his concepts
-according to Guerrero this play can be of education
understood as a prophecy of continuing -the first poem makes education analogous to
revolution, or continuation of Rizal’s pleading lighthouse that can guide people in the courses
before the Filipino youth to child foreigner for of action, can tragic the youth to the
bringing misery in life or a religious allegory attainment of rectitude and virtue and can
transform the country into progress
Mi Ultimo Adios -the second poem, highlighted Rizal belief at
-titleless, last poem poem made by Rizal on that time that education not Godcentered is
June 29, 1896. not true education .
-Primary messages of the poem are: farewell
address, last will of Rizal, pleading of Rizal for
The Indolence of the Filipino People (Garcia.et
Filipinos not to forget him and his proposal oral. Rizal and the Development of Filipino
wish in the interest of the motherland and Nationalism)
timeline of Rizal’s life -longest written essay by Rizal.
a. Cause of Filipino indolence imputed to
Goodbye to Leonor Spanish colonizers
- A melancholic poem written by Rizal for his 1. wars and internal orders resulting from
childhood sweetheart, Leonor Rivera, who conquest
married Henry Kipping, a British railway 2. Pirates’s attacks on the lives and properties
engineer. of the inhabitants
- Rizal was only 13 years old when they met in 3. Policy of force-labor
Dagupan 4. Missionaries’ doctrine of the poor getting
easier access to heaven
A Las Flores de Heidelberg 5. Friars landed estate
- Written thru the inspiration of different 6. No support system in agriculture and other
beautiful sceneries of Heidelberg by Rizal on commercial industries
April 12, 1886 7. Bureaucratic policies
- thematic message of the poem is his intense 8. Human dignity is not respected
love of his love of country and inculcation to
his fellowmen to love their country b. Cause of Indolence attributed to the
Filipinos themselves
1. Bahala na mentality -Blumentritt made the preface of the
2. Inferiority syndrome within the Filipinos annotation.
3. Lack of self-confidence -consisted of eight chapters.
4. Lack of sense of nationalism -reasons for annotating Morgas’s Successos de
las Islas filipinas
4.3: Rizal’s Annotation 1. to awaken the consciousness of the Filipinos’
"  To prove his point and refute the accusations culture
of prejudiced Spanish writers against his race, 2. to rectify the distorted and falsified
Rizal annotated the book, Sucesos de las Islas description of Pre-Spanish Filipinos’ culture like
Filipinas, written by the Spaniard Antonio that of stereotyping natives as very uncivilized.
Morga. The book was an unbiased 3. to show proof that filipinos were civilized
presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. prior to entry Spanish
Rizal through his annotation showed that conquestadores(Gregorio F Zaide and Sonia
Filipinos had developed culture even before the Zaide: Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a
coming of the Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero.
Spaniards." > http://www.joserizal.ph/pr01.ht All-Naions Publshing Co. Inc, 2007)
ml (Links to an external site.)
In this topic, we shall explore the impact of this - Other reason is: To reconnect this annotation
important work of Rizal. This annotation of to his two novels, Noli and Fili. Morgas’
Rizal was considered as a form of introducing annotation may be constructed as the past or
to the world the Philippines and who are the pre-colonial period, Noli as the present colonial
Filipinos. This also serves as a preview before era and Fili as the future or post colonial era
he wrote his novels
-he received criticisms from Blumentritt of his
Module 4 3. Rizal’s Annotation annotation of Successos de l as Islas Filipinas
1. appraising events against the present
Rizal’s Annotation standards
This part will present annotations by Rizal of 2. attacks on the church are unfair and
the history book written by a Deputy unjustified
Governor-General Dr Antonio de Morga -he dedicated the annotation to the Filipino
assigned in the Philippine archipelago. It is people in order that they may know their
published on the year 1609 at Mexico. glorious past
-It was printed on 1890. Other alleged, it came
Rizal’s Annotation of Succesos de las Islas of the press as early as 1889.
Filipinas
-he made a prior survey of historical account Rizal’s tripartite view of the country ‘s
about the Philippines archipelago by Pigafetta, conditions in his annotation
Chirino and other Spanish chroniclers and 1. Pre-Spanish period or pre-conquest past,
historian where the country experienced progress
-he made a conclusion is a non-biased 2. Spanish period or the colonial stage , where
historical account of the history of Philippine the progress in the Pre-Spanish era began to
archipelago and the culture of the native collapse or stop
therein 3. Rebirth of Progress, which can be traced to
-it took four solid months of both research and the beginning of the Filipinos’ consciousness of
writing and one year to have the manuscript of nationalism.
this annotation printed. It can be further explored that the annotation
of Morgas’ Successos may refer to the past
state of the archipelago, the Noli is the present Rizal’s other Works with great impact
state of the nation and the Fili is the future
state of the nation. Rizal’s other Works with great impact
This part will highlight works other than
Rizal wanted to show the world that the publications by Rizal which in one way or
Philippines was having an advanced civilization another reflected his intense degree of
before the coming of the Spaniards. This is also nationalism.
to say that the country can stand even without
the presence of the colonizers. 1. Proposed Educational Measures
Rizal seconded to the ideals of the society
If the annotation is a preview for Noli and Fili, advanced by Plato that mass education is
after the Noli and Fili what are the reforms important to its advancement as embedded in
Rizal is asking? There might be a conflict with the part Noli Me Tangere which says “ The
his philosophy while he writing on Morga's. school is the basis of society. The school is the
  book in which it is written the future of the
Before leaving this topic, please find time to nation. Show us the schools of the people and
read this nice article: we shall tell you what people are.” In particular
the pressing educational reforms Rizal
4.4: Rizal’s other Works with Great Impact presented during his exile at Dapitan is the
establishment of a school of arts and trade in
Aside from the novels and literary works, Rizal every given provincial capital which has more
had other works and establish a great impact. than 16,000 residents.
In this topic, we will look at some of them and Rizal advocated for a balanced-curriculum with
try to see their contribution to Rizal's goal of end of producing enlightened, patriotic, civic-
seeking freedom for his people. minded, and law-abiding citizens Rizal pointed
Rizal once said: "Ignorance is servitude, the inefficiency of the colonial system of
because as a man thinks, so he is; a man who education in terms of the ff:
does not think for himself and allowed himself 1. mass and popular education
to be guided by the thought of another is like 2. religion-centered as to the contents
the beast led by a halter." 3.absence of economic freedom(Guerrero,
Let us not be ignorant, let us learn from Rizal's LM : The first Filipino, Pasig City:Anvil
words. Publishing Inc, 1998)
 
  2. Rizal’s Economic perspectives
I hope this will motivate you. Please watch this is livelihood of the people in industry or
video clip. This will the value of works of Jose economic activities where the nation will fit
Rizal not only in terms of impact but also in into. He moved for the building of trade or
terms of money: craft schools to train residents in order to
engaged themselves in a gainful employment.
Rizal is really talented and smart. He used He had already foreseen that economic policy
these characters very well and he was able to of inclusive growth of both domestic industries
create obra maestras.  Today people are busy including agricultural plantation and the
with digital things. Can there be another obra workers therein. Included thereto is Rizal’s
maestra that can save the Filipinos at this point prescription of support system via incentives
in time? Or nothing will be relevant. provided both to businesses and their workers
and curbing of bureaucratic practices in the
Module 4 Works (Major) government among others.( Guerrero, LM :
The first Filipino, Pasig City:Anvil Publishing Inc, Originally written in Spanish (A la juventud
1998) filipina),  Rizal submitted this piece for a poem
contest organized for Filipinos by the Manila
3. Rizal’s Political Perspectives Lyceum of Art and Literature. At the age of 18, this
work is beaming with strong messages to convince
-he believed the basic purpose of the
readers, the youth in particular, that they are the
government is to serve for the general welfare hope of the nation. He also stresses the importance
of the people -he supported those freedom, of education to one’s future. Rizal won the first
liberty and freedom enshrined in the bill of prize and was rewarded with a feather-shaped
rights -he believed the assimilation policy of silver pen and a diploma.
the colonial government -he was revolutionary
in thought or ideas -he was an anti-imperialist Goodbye to Leonor
zealot -he saw the globalization processes This literary piece gives an insight into the romantic
coming in the future -he prescribed re- relationship of Rizal and his beloved, Leonor Rivera.
The two met when in the province of Dagupan
organization of the administrative
when Rivera was only 13-years-old. Rivera’s parents
instrumentalities -he advocated for religious
were not in favor of their relationship and though
freedom & separation of church & distance separated them, the two kept in touch by
state(Guerrero, LM : The first Filipino, Pasig sending letters and photographs to each other.
City:Anvil Publishing Inc, 1998) Rizal later found out that her lady love would soon
tie the knot with Henry Kipping, and the news
Rizal’s other historical commentaries are: definitely disheartened him. The lonely,
1. Ma-yi , written on December 6, 1888 heartbreaking feelings he felt, resulted in this
2. Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta, written on January 7, melancholic poem.
1889
To the Young Women of Malolos
3. The Philippines within a century, published
Addressed to the Filipino  women, Rizal’s letter
in La Solidaridad in 1889-1890
entitled To The Young Women of Malolos  reflects
4. The Indolence of the Filipino People, his inheritance and issues reminders to Filipino
published in la Solidaridad in 1890 women. In his letter, he addresses all kinds of
5. La Politica Colonial on Filipinas Filipino women – mothers, wives, and even the
6. Manila in the month of December single women. Throughout this literary piece, he
7. History of the Rizal Family of Calamba highlights the qualities that Filipino mothers should
8. The people of the Indian possess, the duties of wives to their husbands and
archipelago(Guerrero, LM : The first Filipino, children, and a counsel on how young women
Pasig City:Anvil Publishing Inc, 1998) should choose their lifetime partners. The idea
behind this letter sparked after he was impressed by
the women of Malolos who won the battle they
The 8 Most Important Literary Works by Jose Rizal
fought. Rizal advises women to educate themselves,
protect their dignity and honor, and live with good
For Dr. José Rizal, the well-respected national hero
manners – setting up as a role model.
of the Philippines, “the pen is mightier than the
sword.” Through his literary masterpieces, he
Kundiman
voiced strong opposition to the abuse of Spaniards
A  kundiman  traditionally refers to a love song
and conveyed messages that he hoped would
where a man serenades the woman he loves. For
inspire his fellow countrymen. We round up his best
scholars, this word was derived from the Tagalog
works and uncover the underlying meaning behind
phrase “Kung Hindi man” (if it should not be so)
them.
which suggests that people put their faith in a
Higher Being who decides whether or not
To the Filipino Youth
something is meant for them. But in Rizal’s literary
Rizal wrote this literary poem when he was still
work, he wrote a  kundiman  to profess his intense
studying at the University of Sto. Tomas (UST).
love for his motherland. This piece reflects his high
hopes that one day, the Philippines would be free at the time. Rizal dedicated his second novel to the
from treachery and injustice. At the time, the GOMBURZA – the Filipino priests named Mariano
country faced great threats while he was in Europe. Gomez, Jose Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
And, through this work, he voices his hopeful who were executed on charges of subversion. The
thoughts despite being far away from the country. two novels of Rizal, now considered as his literary
masterpieces, both indirectly sparked the  Philippine
Junto Al Pasig Revolution.
When translated into English, the title of this work
means Beside Pasig River. In response to the Mi último adiós
Jesuits’ request, Rizal wrote this one-act play in theAfter being associated with the Katipuneros, Rizal
Spanish language for the velada – a gala variety was arrested and later sentenced to death by firing
program during the principal feast days. The play squad for acts of sedition and rebellion. During his
centers around Leonido (a young Filipino who has a final days in Fort Santiago of Manila, Rizal bid
strong faith in the Virgin) and the Diwata/Satan, farewell to his motherland and countrymen through
which symbolizes the Spanish oppression towards letters. Mi último adiós  or My Last Farewell is one
Filipinos. Its theme highlights Christianity, good vs.of the few last works that Rizal wrote.
evil, and paganism. The Philippines’ national Some historical accounts say he wrote it on the eve
hero  wrote it in honor of the Our Lady of Peace and before his execution, while others claim that he
Voyage of the UST, and the play was staged on wrote the poem a few days before his death in
December 8, 1880. Manila on December 30, 1896. But, because there
was no title ascribed to this poem, his good friend
Noli Me Tángere and fellow reformist Mariano Ponce came up with
One of the most sought-after books in Philippine the title.
literature until today, is Rizal’s famous novel Today, Rizal’s literary works, specifically his two
titled Noli Me Tángere  (Touch Me Not). Driven by novels, are alive and continuously being analyzed
his undying love for his country, Rizal wrote the by students and professionals. Colleges and
novel to expose the ills of Philippine society during universities in the Philippines even require their
the Spanish colonial era. At the time, the Spaniards students to take a subject which centers around the
prohibited the Filipinos from reading the life and works of Rizal. Through his work, the
controversial book because of the unlawful acts country’s national hero is always remembered and
depicted in the novel. Yet they were not able to ban looked upon with high regard for his contribution
it completely and as more Filipinos read the book, it towards the Philippine  independence.
opened their eyes to the truth that they were being
manhandled by the friars. In this revolutionary
book, you’ll learn the story of Crisostomo Ibarra,
how he dealt with Spanish authorities, and how he
prepared for his revenge, as told in Rizal’s second
book, El Filibusterismo.

El Filibusterismo
This is Rizal’s sequel to his first book,  Noli Me
Tángere.  In  El Filibusterismo (The Reign of the
Greed), the novel exhibits a dark theme (as opposed
to the hopeful atmosphere in the first novel) in
which it depicts the country’s issues and how the
protagonist attempts a reform. The story takes
place 13 years after  Noli Me Tángere, where
revolutionary protagonist Crisostomo Ibarra is now
under the guise of Simoun – a wealthy jewelry
tycoon. Because the novel also portrays the abuse,
corruption, and discrimination of the Spaniards
towards Filipinos, it was also banned in the country