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    A cohort study is an analytical study that observes a group of people over time to determine if there is an association between an exposure and an outcome. Cohort studies can be prospective, where researchers follow groups without an outcome into the future, or retrospective, where researchers look back in time at existing records. Prospective cohort studies start with a reference population with and without certain characteristics and observe both groups over time to see who develops the condition of interest. Retrospective cohort studies investigate outcomes that have already occurred by selecting study groups from past records and tracing them forward in time. Cohort studies are useful when an exposure is rare or attrition needs to be minimized and sufficient funds are available.

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    A cohort study is an analytical study that observes a group of people over time to determine if there is an association between an exposure and an outcome. Cohort studies can be prospective, where researchers follow groups without an outcome into the future, or retrospective, where researchers look back in time at existing records. Prospective cohort studies start with a reference population with and without certain characteristics and observe both groups over time to see who develops the condition of interest. Retrospective cohort studies investigate outcomes that have already occurred by selecting study groups from past records and tracing them forward in time. Cohort studies are useful when an exposure is rare or attrition needs to be minimized and sufficient funds are available.

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    11 views9 pages

    Science Education Center - by Slidesgo

    Uploaded by

    1234 54
    A cohort study is an analytical study that observes a group of people over time to determine if there is an association between an exposure and an outcome. Cohort studies can be prospective, where researchers follow groups without an outcome into the future, or retrospective, where researchers look back in time at existing records. Prospective cohort studies start with a reference population with and without certain characteristics and observe both groups over time to see who develops the condition of interest. Retrospective cohort studies investigate outcomes that have already occurred by selecting study groups from past records and tracing them forward in time. Cohort studies are useful when an exposure is rare or attrition needs to be minimized and sufficient funds are available.

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    Analytical Studies: Cohort Studies:

    Prospective & Retrospective


    Concept of Cohort

    • The word cohort is derived from the Latin “cohorts”


    meaning an enclosure, company, or crowd.

    • In Roman times a cohort was a body of 300-600


    infantry.

    • In epidemiological terms a cohort is a group of people


    with something in common, usually an exposure or
    involvement in a defined population group.
    Definition
    ● Cohort study is a type of analytical study which is
    undertaken to abotain additional evidence to refute
    or support existence of association between
    suspected cause and disease

    ● Other names of cohort study are longitudnal study,


    Incidence study and forward looking study
    Indications of Cohort Study
    ● There is good evidence of an association between
    exposure and disease, from other studies.

    ● Exposure is rare

    ● Attrition of study population can be minimized.

    ● Sufficient fund is available.


    Types of Cohort Study
    ● Prospective Study

    ● Retrospective cohort study

    ● Ambi-directional cohort study


    Prospective Cohort Study
    ● The common strategy of cohort studies is to start with a
    reference population, some if whom have certain
    characterics or attributes relevant to the sudy , with others
    who do not have those characteristics.

    ● Both groups should, at the outset of study, be free from the


    condition under consideration. Both groups are then
    observed over a specified period to find out the risk each
    group has of developing the condition of interest.
    Retrospective Cohort study
    ● A retrospective cohort study is one in which the outcome have
    all occurred before the start of investigation.

    ● Investigator goes back to the past to select study group from


    existing records of the past employment, medical and other
    records and traces them forward through time from past date
    fixed on the records usually to the present.

    ● Known with the name of Historical cohort and non current


    cohort.
    Thanks!
    CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
    including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
    and illustrations by Stories

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