CHAPTER 5: DATA COLLECTION

B Y: H A Z E L M A R I A N N E L . M A R I A N O
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
DESIGN STRATEGIES
D ATA C O L L E C T I O N
CASE STUDY RESEARCH

• A case
study gives info
rmation about a
person, group,
or thing and
their developm
ent over a
period of time.
 CASE STUDY

• A single person, program or

phenomenon is investigated within the
specified time.

• Employed in business, medicine and

law
ETHNOGRAPHY

• It describes
the culture of
a group of
people and
learning to be
a member of
the group.
 ETHNOGRAPHY

• It involves the study of an intact group,

logically defined, in its natural context
for a sustained time interval.

• The researcher is typically an observer

or a participant observer.
PHENOMENOLOGY

• The researchers
attempt to
understand
what people
experience in a
certain
phenomenon.
 PHENOMENOLOGY

• The researcher develops an

understanding of an individual’s
perception of reality as he or she
constructs it.
 PHENOMENOLOGY

• These realities may be expressed as an

event, program, relationship, emotion,
etc.

• It is rooted in philosophy.
GROUNDED THEORY

• It generates
and develops a
theory from
the data
collected.
 GROUNDED THEORY

• It is a general research methodology

used in building naturalistic theory.

• It is rooted in sociology.
 FOCUS GROUPS

• Focus groups are panels, facilitated by

a moderator, who meet for a specified
time period to exchange perspectives,
knowledge, and/or opinions on a
particular topic.
HISTORICAL RESEARCH

• It is about
people, places
and events in
the past. This
is sometimes
called
narrative
research.
 HISTORICAL RESEARCH

• It relies on records, diaries, oral

histories, photographs, and other
artifacts to describe, analyze, and
explain past events, philosophies, etc.

• The artifacts and records used are

driven by the particular study and its
research question(s).
COMPARISON OF QUALITATIVE
METHODS
D ATA C O L L E C T I O N
 CASE STUDY

• Study Focus: event, person, program

• Analytic Focus: describe, explain, or

assess and evaluate a phenomenon

• Disciplines: multidisciplinary / varied

study of people, groups, or events
 ETHNOGRAPHY

• Study Focus: culture / cultural group

• Analytic Focus: describe a culture /

cultural group

• Disciplines: cultural anthropology

 PHENOMENOLOGY

• Study Focus: individual experience

• Analytic Focus: discern the essence of

the lived experience

• Disciplines: philosophy / psychology /

sociology
 GROUNDED THEORY

• Study Focus: cultural groups /

phenomenon

• Analytic Focus: generate theory about a

basic social process

• Disciplines: sociology / symbolic

interaction / criminology
 FOCUS GROUPS

• Study Focus: group interview

• Analytic Focus: produce high quality

data if they are employed for the right
purposes

• Disciplines: multidisciplinary /
programs, communities, and
organizations
 HISTORICAL RESEARCH

• Study Focus: records, diaries, oral

histories, photographs, and other
artifacts

• Analytic Focus: describe, analyze, and

explain past events, philosophies, etc.

• Disciplines: philosophy / humanities

sociology / multidisciplinary