PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIALS

Unit 4, Lesson 7, ex. 3c

History. Scouting is one of the great success stories of the last century. From
an experimental camp for 20 boys, it has spread to 216 countries and territories,
with an estimated 31 million members.
It began in 1907 when Robert Baden-Powell, Lieutenant General in the British
Army, held the first Scouting camp on Brownsea Island in England. Baden-Powell
wrote the principles of Scouting in “Scouting for Boys”, based on his earlier
military books.
The principles of Scouting describe a code of behaviour for all members,
and characterise the movement. The Scout method is designed to achieve the
seven elements: law and promise, learning by doing, team system, symbolic
framework, personal progression, nature, and adult support.
The movement grew, and, in 1910 Girl Guides, was created as a separate
organisation.

Activities. Scouts usually meet on one evening during the week, although
they may also go to camps on other days throughout the year. Weekly meetings
often take place in local centres known as Scout dens. Love of the outdoors and
outdoor activities is a key element. Main activities include camping, woodcraft,
hiking, backpacking, and sports.
Scouts of all ages work towards attaining results in their chosen activities,
and are awarded Scout Badges.
Camps take place a few times a year and may involve several groups from a
local area or region camping together for a weekend.
Jamborees are large national or international events held every four years,
during which thousands of Scouts camp together for one or two weeks. Activities
at these events will include games, scout craft competitions, badge trading,
woodcarving, archery and other activities depending on the theme of the event.

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 Uniform. The Scout uniform is a widely recognised characteristic of Scouting.
In the words of Baden-Powell, it “hides all differences of social standing in a
country; but, more important still, it covers differences of country and race, and
makes all feel that they are members of the one great brotherhood”. The original
uniform, still widely recognised, consisted of a khaki button-up shirt, shorts, and
a hat. Uniform shirts are now often blue, orange, red or green and shorts are
often replaced by long trousers in winter. All Scout uniforms, recognised and
worn all over the world, have the World Membership Badge.
The uniform presents the first Aim of Scouting: the character development.
If a person wears the uniform, he supports the Scout Movement principles and
ideals and agrees to live by them.

Symbols. Scouting has two internationally known symbols: the trefoil is used
by members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS)
and the fleur-de-lis used by most other Scouting organisations.
A fleur-de-lis positioned on a trefoil, in the original Scouting colours (green
and yellow) chosen by Lord Baden-Powell.
Scouts across the world all greet each other with a left-handed handshake
and that it is a sign of trust and friendship.
Be Prepared. That’s the motto of the Boy Scouts. “Be prepared for what?”
someone once asked Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, “Why, for any old
thing,” said Baden-Powell. The training you receive will help you live up to the
Scout motto. For example, because of lifesaving practice, you might be able to
save a non-swimmer who has fallen into deep water. But Baden-Powell wasn’t
thinking just of being ready for accidents. His idea was that all Scouts should
prepare themselves to become productive citizens and to give happiness to other
people. He wanted each Scout to be ready in mind and body for any problems,
and to meet with a strong heart whatever might lie ahead.

Members. The Scout Association provides everyday adventure and activity

to almost 400,000 young people across the UK. The Movement is the largest
youth organisation in the world, with over 28 million members in 216 countries
and territories.
Scouting and Guiding movements are generally divided into sections by age.
These age divisions have changed over time as they depend on the local culture
and environment.
Scouting was originally developed for youths between the ages of 11 and
17. In most member organisations, this age group is called the Scout or Guide
section. Programmes were developed to meet the needs of young children
(generally ages 6 to 10) – Cub section for boy scouts and Brownie for Girl Guides;
and young adults (18 to 25) – Rover Scout and Ranger Guide.

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 Girl Guides. In 1909, Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, decided
that girls should not be in the same organisation as the boys, and the Girl Guides
were founded in the UK in 1910. Two central themes have been present from the
earliest days of the movement: domestic skills and “a kind of practical feminism
which embodies physical fitness, survival skills, camping, citizenship training,
and career preparation”.
Today Girl Guides or Girl Scouts is a parallel movement to Scouting. In some
places, girls tried to join Scouting organisations and it was decided that single-
gender organisations were a better solution. In other places, girls groups were
started, some of them later to open up to boys or join the boys’ organisations.
In other situations, mixed groups were formed. In the same way, the name Girl
Guide or Girl Scout has been used by groups at different times and in different
places, with some groups changing from one to another.

Unit 4, Lesson 7, ex. 4

Boy Scouts and Girl Guides

type
foundation
aims
activities
uniform
symbols
membership

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Unit 4, Lesson 9, ex. 3a
BRYU
A govenmental
B 6 September 2002, after the merger of two Belarusian youth
organisations, the Belarusian Youth Union and the Belarusian
Patriotic Youth Union.
C – to promote patriotism
– to create conditions for comprehensive development of youth
– to encourage creativity
– to involve young people in useful public activities
D Camping, sporting events and visiting memorials. Outdoor
activities and sports, including football, running, swimming and
hockey. Concerts and competitions, charity and volunteering,
construction brigades.
E
emblem       flag

F More than 500, 000 members in Belarus (young people between

14 and 31 years old)

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 Belarusian Cheerleading Association

Cheerleading is a fast growing sport in Belarus. Competitive Cheerleading is

gaining popularity for many reasons: it is a fun activity that combines all the
athletic components of sport such as strength, power, flexibility and fitness, as
well as the artistic and creative qualities of dance. Ice Girls cheer team are the
Dinamo Minsk hockey club supporters and the first cheerleading team in Belarus.
It was founded in 2004 by Julia Bashko, today’s group leader, and consisted
of 7  girls only. Over the years, the  Ice Girls have grown in talent and size and
become known as one of the top team supporters in the country.
Today many schools and universities in Belarus offer  cheerleading  as
an extracurricular activity and many of these teams compete against other
cheerleading teams at regional and national levels.
Belarusian Federation of Cheerleading is recognised by the  Europian
Cheerleading Union. Each year Belarusian cheerleading teams represent our
country at the official European Cheerleading championship ECU. Belarusian
Federation of cheerleading holds Open cheerleading championships in Belarus –
one of the most prestigious competitions in the cheerleading calendar. 
In 2017 cheerleading in Belarus was recognised by National Olympic
Committee of the Republic of Belarus.

Students’ Ethnographic Association

– non-governmental, founded in August 1998

– recognised by UNESCO
– preserving and developing the cultural traditions of Belarus, as well as the
country’s natural and cultural landscape
– organisation of ethnographic expeditions; organisation and participation in
traditional holidays and ceremonies; organisation of summer camps, workshops
and educational courses on traditional crafts; learning traditional songs and
dances; organisation of exhibitions and festivals
– Hukańnie viasny spring festival in Viazynka

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 League of Youth Voluntary Service (LYVS)

– non-governmental, volunteer, since 1994

– to develop volunteer movement in Belarus
– non-formal education, volunteering and intercultural cooperation
– more than 500 young people from various regions of Belarus take part in
LYVS’ programmes annually
– movie nights, board games, cross-cultural activities, volunteer work, youth
exchange programmes, workshops and camps

Belarusian Republican Scout Association

– first scout organisations – 1909 (till Soviet Union times), reborn and
reorganised in 1989
– boys and girls, in three branches ranging from 8 to 17 years of age
– traditional scout activities
– jamboree camps, hiking, spiritual and ecological expeditions, balls, sports
and gaming activities

Belarusian Association of UNESCO Clubs

– involve children, young people and adults into the activities on advocacy
of UNESCO ideals and principles in the fields of education, science and culture
– non-governmental, appeared in 1989, 56 UNESCO clubs, 1000–2000 people
annually
– healthy way of living, human and child rights, cultural heritage, development
of volunteering, etc.
“We expect any young person learns to be active, courageous as well as
responsible, knows about his rights, and accepts ideas of peace, non-violence
and his own health, as the highest values.”

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Unit 5, Lesson 6, ex. 5a

The CN Tower

Built in 1976, Toronto's most famous landmark, the CN Tower is a

telecommunications centre for Canadian citizens and was once the tallest
building in the world. Losing its "world's tallest" status 34 years later did little
to dampen enthusiasm for the architectural icon. Glass-fronted elevators lift
groups of tourists up to the 1,136-foot (553-metre) level in just 58 seconds. On
the Look Out level, floor-to-ceiling window walls offer spectacular panoramic
views across the whole city, and from even higher up at the Sky Pod level you
can see as far as Niagara Falls on a clear day. For daring visitors, there's also the
world’s highest glass floor.
The building houses three restaurants, theatre and kids area, with stunning
light shows each night, which illuminate the sky.
Its name "CN" originally referred to Canadian National, the railway company
that built the tower. It was constructed by a group of architects at a cost of $52
million.
In 1995 the tower was named one of the Modern Seven Wonders of the World.

The Texas Capitol

The Texas Capitol is a unique example of late 19th-century public architecture

and is recognised as one of the nation's most important historic landmarks.
Opened in 1888, the current Texas State Capitol is the third building to serve
that purpose. The second Texas capitol was built in 1853, on the same site as
the present capitol in Austin; it was destroyed in the great capitol fire of 1881,
but plans had already been made to replace it with a new, much larger structure.
The Capitol’s most impressive element is the spectacular sunset-red granite
[] (a type of hard usually grey or red rock used for building)brought from
nearby Granite Mountain. Its distinctive colour makes it among the most unique
capitol buildings in the U.S.
When state officials aimed to build a bigger and better Capitol building in
1881, they figured the best way to choose an architect was to hold a national
design competition. Eight U.S. architects entered the contest, but in the end,
Detroit-based Elijah E. Meyers came out on top with his classic Renaissance
design, which he modelled after the National Capitol and 15th-century Italian
architecture.

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 The Scott Monument

This Gothic memorial to world-known writer Sir Walter Scott in the heart of
Edinburgh is not only the largest monument to a writer in the world, it’s also a
gallery that houses an exhibition on his life and works amongst its sandstone
walls. The outside walls of Scott Monument are decorated with 64 carvings that
represent characters from Scott’s novels.
On the death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832, the great and good of the city came
together to agree on a fitting monument to this distinctive Scottish literary figure.
In 1838, after an architectural competition for the memorial design, George
Meikle Kemp, a 45-year-old self-taught architect presented his idea. His Gothic
design (similar to an unsuccessful one he had earlier submitted for Glasgow
Cathedral) was popular with the competition's judges, and construction began
in 1840.
Completed 175 years ago, this breathtaking beauty is over 200 feet high and
its highest gallery is reached by climbing a spiral staircase of 287 steps to the
top. From there you can enjoy spectacular views of the city and the surrounding
countryside.

Rock of Cashel

The Rock of Cashel is one of Ireland's most spectacular historic sites: a

complete round tower and a 13th-century Gothic cathedral circled with ancient
fort walls standing on a prominent green hill, rising from a grassy plain.
The Rock of Cashel is not a rock at all. The word 'cashel' in Irish means
'fortress'. In the 4th century the Rock of Cashel was chosen as a base by the
kings of the region. For some 400 years it served as a centre of power in Ireland.
The medieval structure has four buildings, including the tall round tower, the
cathedral, the Hall and the Connac’s Chapel with beautifully carved doorways
and unique colourful wall paintings. Most of the buildings on the current site
date from the 12th and 13th centuries when the Rock was gifted to the Church.
Rock of Cashel has a character of its own, unique and native, and is one of
the most distinctive collections of Celtic art and medieval architecture to be
found anywhere in Europe.

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 The Tower of London

The Tower of London is a 900-year-old castle and fortress located on the

north bank of the River Thames in central London and is notable for housing the
crown jewels and for holding many famous prisoners.
William the Conqueror [] (Вильгельм Завоеватель) created the first
fortifications after the conquest of London in A.D. 1066. They included what is
now called the “White Tower”, the central building in the castle.
The Tower of London has played a distinctive role in English history. It was
attacked several times, and controlling it has been important to controlling the
country.
A grand palace early in its history it served as a royal residence. The castle
was also used as a prison from 1100 until 1952.
The history of the tower as an attraction goes back at least as early as the
17 century when the “Line of Kings” exhibition was first set up. The tower had
th

other attractions that brought non-military visitors to it. For instance, the royal
zoo that had a wide range of animals until it was closed in 1835, including lions,
an ostrich and even a polar bear.
Today, the Tower of London is one of the most famous castles in the world
and is now a World Heritage Site attracting more than 2 million visitors a year.

Unit 7, Lesson 3, ex. 4b

Fact file: Vladimir Mulyavin
born – 12 January 1941, Yekaterinburg, in the family of a worker
12 years old – guitar lessons
1956 – Sverdlovsk Musical School, department of stringed instruments,
(expelled from the school for misbehaviour and interest in jazz)
1958–1963 – musician at different regional orchestras
1963 – moves to Belarus to work with the Belarusian State Philharmony
1965–1967 military service, near Minsk.
1968 – creates the folk pop and rock group "Liavony", 2 years later renamed
“Pesniary”.
awarded – the title People's Artist of the USSR
12 million discs sold in the USSR
2003 – died after a car accident
2004 – street in Minsk named after Vladimir Mulyavin
2007 – documentary of Mulyavin filmed

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 Fact file: Svetlana Alexievich
born –Ivano-Frankovsk, Ukraine, grew up in Belarus
father – Belarusian, mother – Ukrainian, both teachers
study – journalism at the Belarusian State University
work – teacher, journalist
influence – Ales Adamovich, Vasil Bykov
topics – the Second World War, the Afghan War, the fall of the Soviet Union,
the Chernobyl disaster
awards – Saint Euphrosyne of Polotsk Medal, Leipziger Book Prize, National
Book Critics Circle Award, Angelus Award (Poland), Nobel Prize in Literature,
Arthur Ross Book Award, etc.

Fact file: Leon Bakst (Lev Rosenberg)

born – April 27, 1866, Grodno, Belarus, middle-class Jewish family
12 years old – wins a drawing contest and decides to become a painter (no
parents support)
study – St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, illustrations for magazines and
children’s books
1893 to 1897 – studies and lives in Paris
1899 – first exhibition, Word of Art magazine
work – portraitist, painter, art teacher, since 1909 mostly stage-designer
died – 27 December, 1924
2010 – the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, exhibition of Bakst's
costumes and prints

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Unit 7, Lesson 7, ex. 6

Imagine

The Beatles
Imagine there's no heaven
It's easy if you try
No hell below us
Above us only sky
Imagine all the people
Living for today...

Imagine there's no countries

It isn't hard to do
Nothing to kill or die for
And no religion too
Imagine all the people
Living life in peace...

You may say I'm a dreamer

But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will be as one

Imagine no possessions
I wonder if you can
No need for greed or hunger
A brotherhood of man
Imagine all the people
Sharing all the world...

You may say I'm a dreamer

But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will live as one

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