Bb‡fbUwi

1
 Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿Y
Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿‡Yi msÁv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
†h †Kvb cÖwZôvb‡K †µZvi wbKU nB‡Z digvk
cvIqvi c~‡e©B gvjcÎ ˆZwi K‡i ivL‡Z nq A_ev
Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ Dcv`vbmg~n cÖ¯ÍyZ K‡i
ivL‡Z nq| KviY †Kvb †µZvB gvjc‡Îi digvk
ww`‡q Awbw`©ó Kvj A‡cÿv Ki‡e bv| cÖ‡Z¨K
†µZvB AW©vi †`Iqvi ci hZ`~i m¤¢e mswÿß
mg‡q gvjcÎ †c‡Z Pvq| gvjcÎ c~‡e© cÖ¯ÍyZ bv
_vK‡j A_ev Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n c~e© †_‡K
†hvMvo bv K‡I ivL‡j †µZv KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z
mswÿß mg‡q H mg¯Í Dcv`vb msMÖn K‡i
cwiwgZ e¨‡q evwÂZ mgvß DrK…ó cY¨ mieivn
Kwi‡Z A‡bK Amyweav †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB
cÖ‡Z¨K Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb‡K mgvß cY¨mn
cwiwgZ cwigv‡Y KuvPvgvj, cÖwµqvw¯’Z cY¨,
cY¨vsk, LyPiv hš¿vsk I Ab¨vb¨ mieivn cÖf…wZ
wewfbœ Dcv`vb gIRy` ivL‡Z nq| cY¨ I cÖwZôvb
†f‡` GBme gIRy` gv‡ji cwigvY I cÖKvi Kg†ewk
n‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi mwVK Bb‡fbUwi
wbqš¿Y we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GZ`y‡Ï‡k¨
e¨e¯’vcbv‡K eZ©gvb Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi cwigvY,
Dnvi e¨envi, cybtcyi‡Yi Rb¨ cybt AW©v‡ii
cwigvY I mgq cÖf…wZ m¤ú‡K© Kvh©Ki bxwZ
cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq| GB bxwZi cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi

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 mwnZ RwoZ Kvh©Kjv‡ci mgwó‡KB gIRy`gvj
wbqš¿Y ejv nq|

Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ nBj AwaK I Aí gIRy`

RwbZ ÿq-ÿwZ †_‡K cÖwZôvb‡K iÿv Kiv|
gIRy‡`i cwigvY AwaK nB‡j wbgœ ewY©Z
Dcv‡q ÿwZMÖ¯Í †_‡K cv‡i- (1) AwaK cwigvY
g~jab Ave× nBqv _vwK‡e, (2) ¸`v‡gi AwaK
cwigvY ¯’vb AwaK…Z _vwK‡e, (3) iÿYv‡eÿY
e¨q †ewk nB‡e, (4) bvovPvovRwbZ e¨q e„w×
cvB‡e, (5) bw_cÎ msiÿY e„w× cvB‡e, (6) wKQz
wKQz wRwbmcÎ fvw½qv hvB‡e, (7) B‡Zvg‡a¨
evRv‡i gvjc‡Îi `vg Kwgqv hvB‡Z cv‡i, (8) c‡Y¨i
¸YMZ DrKl©Zv bó †_‡K cv‡i Ges (9) A_ev D³
cY¨ AcÖPwjZ ev †m‡K‡j nBqv hvB‡Z cv‡i|

Aciw`‡K Aí gIRy` RwbZ ÿqÿwZ nBj- (1) gv‡ji

Afv‡e weµq bv nIqvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó gybvdv †_‡K
ewÂZ nIqv, (2) Pzw³K…Z Zvwi‡L gvjcÎ mieivn
bv Kivq cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg Le© nIqv, (3) mswÿß
mg‡q `ªæZZg c‡_ ev ¯^í cwigv‡Y gvj Avbq‡bi
Rb¨ fvov †ewk jvMv, (4) KuvPvgv‡ji Afv‡e
wew”Qbœ Drcv`bMwZi Rb¨ Drcv`b e¨q e„w×
nIqv I (5) KuvPvgvj cÖf…wZi g~j¨ e„w× cvIqv|
myZivs †`Lv hvB‡Z‡Q †h, AwaK ev Aí gIRy`
†KvbUvB cÖwZôv‡bi c‡ÿ myweavRbK b‡n| Dfq

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 cÖKvi ÿqÿwZ †_‡K cÖwZôvb‡K iÿv Ki‡Z nB‡j
Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi cwigvY cwiwgZ nIqv DwPZ| Avi
GB cwiwgZ cwigvY Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi e¨e¯’v KivB
Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨|

Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿Y I weµq c~e©vfvm

mvaviYZ: GKwU cÖwZôvb wbw`©ó gvbwewkó

cY¨ I Awbw`©ó gvbwewkó cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K|
wbw`©ó gvbwewkó cY¨ I Awbw`©ó gvbwewkó
cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| wbw`©ó gvbwewkó cY¨
gIRy‡`i Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq| e¯ÍyZ: †µZvi
AW©v‡i GB ai‡bi cY¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq bv| KviY
GB ai‡bi c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v wbqwgZ _v‡K Ges G
m¤ú‡K© A‡bKUv mwVK c~e©vfvmI MÖnY
Kiv hvq| hvbevnb nvjKv cvbxq I Zvi cÖf…wZ GB
ai‡bi c‡Y¨i D`vniY| wbw`©ó gvbwewkó ev
mvaviY cY¨mg~‡ni Pvwn`v ev weµq c~e©vfvm
MÖnY K‡i Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb‡K Z`byhvqx
Drcv`b cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq| Drcv`b cwiKíbvi
wfwˇZ wewfbœ Drcv`b Dcv`vbmg~‡ni gIRy`
-Gi cwigvY, cyYivq †`Iqv AW©v‡ii cwigvY I
mgq m¤ú‡K© bxwZ c×wZ cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq|

Aciw`‡K wbw`©ó gvbwewkó cY¨- †h¸wj‡K

Ab¨K_vq we‡kl cY¨ ev Kvóg- †gW cY¨ ejv nq-
G¸‡jv gIRy‡`i Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq bv| GB ai‡bi
cY¨ †µZvi AW©v‡i Drcv`b Kiv nq| GB me c‡Y¨i

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 AvK…wZ-cÖK…wZi †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ: †µZvi
we‡kl we‡kl wb‡`©k AbymiY Ki‡Z nq| GB ai‡bi
c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v wbqwgZ bq| ZvB G‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb
mwVK c~e©vfvm MÖnY Kiv A‡bKUv KóKi|
GBRb¨ Gme wRwbm gIRy‡`i Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv nq bv|
we‡kl wWRvB‡bi hš¿cvwZ AvmevecÎ, †mjvB,
†cvkvK-cwi”Q`-GB ai‡bi c‡Y¨i AšÍfz©³|

Kvievi RM‡Z c~e©vbygvb Qvov †Kvb wKQz

Kiv P‡j bv| ZvB KóKi n‡jI GBme we‡kl c‡Y¨i
†ÿ‡ÎI hZ`~i m¤¢e c~e©vfvm MÖnY Kiv DwPZ|
KviY A‡bK mgq GBme we‡kl cY¨ I cÖwZôv‡bi
†gvU weµq cwigvY I jf¨vs‡k GB c~e©vbygvb
we‡kl Ae`vb †i‡L _v‡K| Kv‡RB GBme c‡Y¨iI
m‡šÍvlRbK Drcv`b I mieiv‡ni Rb¨ c~e©vfv‡mi
wfwˇZ Drcv`b cwiKíbv Ges Drcv`b cwiKíbvi
wfwˇZ KuvPvgvj gIRy` wbqš¿Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
myZivs Dfq ai‡bi c‡Y¨i Rb¨B weµq c~e©vfvm,
weµq c~e©vfv‡mi wfwˇZ Drcv`b cwiKíbv Ges
Drcv`b cwiKíbvi wfwˇZ Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿Y
e¨e¯’v _vKv `iKvi|

Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿‡Yi Kvh©vejx

†h †Kvb wbqš¿‡Yi c~e© kZ© nBj cwiKíbv|

Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎI GK_v cÖ‡hvR¨| ZvB
Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿‡Yi cÖavb I cÖ_g KvR nBj
GKwU myôz I mywPwšÍZ Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿Y

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 cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kiv| c~e©vfvm nBj cwiKíbvi wfwË
hvnv‡Z f‚Z, fwel¨r I eZ©gvb GB wÎKv‡ji e¨vL¨v I
we‡kølY cÖ‡qvRb| Aek¨ Bb‡fbUwi cwiKíbvq
A‡cÿvK…Z ¯^íKvjxb c~e©vfv‡mi cÖ‡qvRb|
KviY GB cwiKíbv ˆ`bw›`b Drcv`b Kvh©vejx
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ `iKvi|

Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿‡Yi wØZxq KvR nBj gvjc‡Îi

†iKW©cÎ iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv| `„p wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v
Kv‡qg ivLvi Rb¨ wewfbœ gv‡ji AšÍM©gb I
ewnM©gb cÖf…wZ mwVKfv‡e wjwce× Kiv Ges
mswkøó KvMRcÎ h_vh_fv‡e iÿv Kiv we‡klfv‡e
cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwZwU cY¨ ev cY¨ †kÖwYi Rb¨
c„_K Kÿ ev †kj‡di e¨e¯’v K‡i wRwbmcÎ
myk„sLjfv‡e ivL‡Z nq| †iKW© cÎ Ggb ¯úó I
wbqwgZ nIqv `iKvi hv‡Z GK bR‡i cÖwZwU
c‡Y¨i cwigvY I ch©vq m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nIqv hvq|
cÖK…Z gIRy` I wjL‡bi g‡a¨ †hb †Kvb cÖKvi
Miwgj bv _v‡K|

Bb‡f›Uwi-‡K ÿqÿwZi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv GB

wbqš¿‡Yi Avi GK `vwqZ¡| Av‡jv, evZvm, ˆkZ¨,
Zvc cÖf…wZ wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g Bb‡f›Uwi-Gi
AcPq I DrKl©nvwb †iva Ki‡Z nq| cY¨ I Drcv`b
cÖK…wZi cv_©K¨‡nZz A‡bK Bb‡f›Uwi-‡K †ek
wKQz w`b gIRy` ivL‡Z nq| Kv‡RB Bb‡f›Uwi-Gi
AcPq I DrKl©nvwb †iv‡ai Rb¨ Dchy³ wbqš¿Y
e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z nq|

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 Bb‡f›Uwi-Gi AšÍM©gb I ewn©Mgb MwZ-cÖK…
wZ m¤ú‡K© GB wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v‡K c~Y©fv‡e
AeMZ _vK‡Z nq Ges G e¨vcv‡i mwVK bxwZ
c×wZiI cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq| GZ`y‡Ï‡k¨ GB
wbqš¿Y‡K jxo UvBg I Dnvi e¨wZµg, KuvPvgv‡ii
ÿq MwZ I mgvß c‡Y¨i Pvwn`vi n«vm e„w× cÖf…
wZ m¤ú‡K© c~Y©fv‡e Iqv‡Kdnvj _vK‡Z nq|

Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿‡Yi Avi GK `vwqZ¡ nBj Drcv`b

wefvM, µq-wefvM, weµq-wefvM cÖf…wZ
mswkøó wefvM mg~‡ni g‡a¨ `„pms‡hvM iÿv Kiv|
D‡jøwLZ wefvMmg~‡ni Kvh©µg I Kvh©¯Í‡ii
g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z cvi‡j Kg©Kv‡Ð
AmgZvRwbZ A‡bK Amyweav †_‡K
cÖwZôvb‡K iÿv Kiv hvq| wefvM we‡k‡li gIRy‡`i
n«vm e„w× †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ Z¡wir Kvh©µg
Aej¤^‡bi e¨e¯’v _vKv mgš^q mva‡bi GKwU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© A½|

cwi‡k‡l †`L‡Z n‡e hv nIqvi K_v wQj mwZ¨Kv‡i

Zv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q wKbv| hw` bv nq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z
n‡e †Kv_vI †Kvb ÎæwU Av‡Q| GgZve¯’vq mg¯Í
cwiKíbvi c~bwe©b¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e|

Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿‡Y mxgvi e¨envi

Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi cwigvY cwiwgZ ivLvi Rb¨

Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi cwigvY ev
Z¾wbZ e¨‡qi Dci wewfbœ mxgv Av‡ivc K‡i

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 _v‡K| G‡K A‡_©i mxgv I mgq-mxgv -GB
`yfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| wb‡gœ c„_Kfv‡e GB mxgv
`ywU m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|

(K) A‡_©i mxgv

A‡bK cÖwZôvb UvKvi A¼mxgv Av‡iv‡ci

gva¨‡g Zv‡`i wewfbœ gvj-gkjvi gIRy` wbqš¿Y
K‡i, cÖwZwU cY¨ †kÖwYi A_ev m¤¢e n‡j,
cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i gIRy` cwigv‡Yi g~j¨ mgwói
wnmve iÿv K‡i| KZ…©cÿ cY¨ ev cY¨ †kÖwYi
g~j¨ mgwói mxgv †iLv Av‡ivc K‡i hvnv‡Z D³
c‡Y¨i gIRy` cwigv‡Yi g~j¨ mgwó †Kvb mgq
wbgœ mxgvi bx‡P Ges EaŸ© mxgvi Dc‡i bv hvq|
ev¯Íe‡ÿ‡Î e¨env‡ii Amyweavi Rb¨ UvKvi
A¼mxgv c×wZ‡K A‡bK †ÿ‡Î mgq mxgvi
iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq| KviY cY¨ eûj cÖwZôv‡b
cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i Rb¨ UvKvi A¼mxgv c×wZi
cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| cY¨eûj cÖwZôv‡b ïay
we‡kl we‡kl cY¨ ev cY¨ †kÖwYi †ÿ‡Î GB c×wZ
e¨envi Kiv nq| GB c×wZ‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi ev‡RU
cÖYq‡b myweav nq e‡U wKšÍy Aw¯’i g~j¨šÍi
Ges cwieZ©bkxj KuvPvgv‡ji e¨envi MwZi †ÿ‡Î
GB c×wZi Amyweav †`Lv nq|

(L) mgqmxgv

cÖwZ`dv cY¨ gIRy` wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ we‡kl K‡i

KuvPvgvj gIRy‡`i †ÿ‡Î mgq mxgvB m¤¢eZ:

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 DrK…ó cš’v| GB c×wZ‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi
Rb¨ GKwU c‡Y¨i m‡e©v”P gIRy`-mxgv
wba©vwiZ K‡i †`Iqv nq| mgqmxgv e„w× Kivi
cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv w`‡j Bb‡f›Uwi Awdmvi †Kvb
cÖKvi ZwoNwo bv K‡i cieZx© AW©vi cÖ`v‡bi
mgq AW©v‡ii cwigvY e„w× K‡ib| b~¨bZb
AW©v‡ii cwigv‡b †cŠuQ‡jB b~¨bZb mxgv
AwR©Z n‡q _v‡K| e¯ÍyZ mgqmxgv UvKvi
A¼mxgvi bvgvšÍi gvÎ| ïay cY¨eûj cÖwZôv‡bi
†ÿ‡Î †hLv‡b cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿Y
Sv‡gjvc~Y© †mLv‡b GB c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq|
GB c×wZi eo myweav nj GB †h, Bnv bgbxq ev
mnRfv‡e mvgÄm¨kxj| wKšÍy G‡Z ev‡RU
w¯’iZv eRvq ivLv KwVb n‡q c‡o|

m¤úbœ cY¨ Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿Y

wbw`©ó gvbwewkó cY¨ Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb‡K

me©`v cÖ‡qvRb gZ mgvß c‡Y¨i Bb‡f›Uwi ivL‡Z
nq| wVK †µZvi AW©v‡i wRwbmcÎ Drcv`b bv
K‡i GB ai‡bi cÖwZôvb mvaviYZ: gIRy‡`i Rb¨
Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| Kv‡RB GB ai‡bi cÖwZôvb‡K
mwVKfv‡e mgvßcY¨ gIRy‡`i wbqš¿Y Aej¤^b
Ki‡Z nq| mwVKfv‡e mgvß Bb‡f›Uwi cY¨
wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Dchy³ Drcv`b cwiKíbvi|
Ges Dchy³ Drcv`b cwiKíbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mwVK
weµq c~e©vfv‡mi| we‡kl K‡i †h me Drcv`b
cÖwµqv `xN©Pµ wewkó †mB me †ÿ‡Î Drcv`b

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 cwigv‡Yi cwiwgwZi cÖ‡qvRb AviI †ewk| Kv‡RB
GBiƒc †ÿ‡Î mwVK weµq c~e©vfv‡mi wfwˇZ
Dchy³ I fvimvg¨gq Drcv`b cwiKíbvi I ZvwjKvi
gva¨‡g wgZe¨qx Drcv`‡b cwiwgZ cwigv‡Y
Bb‡f›Uwi ivLv `iKvi|

†hme †ÿ‡Î Drcv`b Pµ A‡cÿvK…Z Kg `xN©

wKšÍy cY¨ Pvwn`v FZzMZ cv_©K¨ Øviv
cÖfvweZ, †mme †ÿ‡ÎI mgvß c‡Y¨i c~Y©
Bb‡f›Uwi Avek¨K| GBme †ÿ‡ÎI Drcv`b cwigvY
cwiwgZ K‡i Drcv`b e¨q n«vm Kiv `iKvi| A‡bK
cÖwZôvb cY¨ Pvwn`vi DVvbvgv _vKv m‡Ë¡I
Drcv`b nv‡i mgZv eRvq iv‡L| d‡j g›`v mg‡qi
AwaK Bb‡f›Uwi †ZwR mg‡q n«vm †c‡q _v‡K|

K| m¤úbœ cb¨vs‡ki Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿Y

cY¨ `ªe¨ GKKfv‡e Drcvw`Z n‡Z cv‡i A_ev

wewfbœ cY¨vs‡ki mswgkÖ‡Y ms‡hvwRZ cY¨
Drcvw`Z n‡Z cv‡i| ms‡hvvwRZ cY¨ Drcv`bKvix
cÖwZôvb‡K cY¨vsk mg~‡ni Bb‡f›Uwi ivL‡Z nq|
wewfbœ ai‡bi RwUj ms‡hvwRZ cY¨ Drcv`bKvix
cÖwZôvb cY¨vsk we‡kl Aí Aí cwigv‡Y Nb Nb
Drcv`b bv K‡i eis Avmbœ Pvwn`vi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z
GKKvjxb (Lot) Drcv`b K‡i| myZivs mgvß
cY¨vs‡ki Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿‡Yi GKwU c×wZ nj
cY¨vs‡ki mvgvb¨ Bb‡f›Uwi ivLv Ges Avmbœ
Pvwn`vi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z wewfbœ cY¨vsk GKKvjxb

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 Drcv`b Kiv| cyb:cyb hš¿cvwZ mw¾Z Kivi e¨q
Gov‡bvi Rb¨I GKKvjxb Drcv`b Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq|
Z‡e GB c×wZ cY¨vs‡ki Bb‡f›Uwi iÿ‡Yi
¸iæZ¡ G‡Kev‡i A¯^xKvi K‡i bv| KviY wewfbœ
Kvi‡Y cÖvq me mg‡qB wKQz cY¨vsk Drcv`b
Ki‡Z nq| cwi`k©‡b wKQz cY¨vsk evwZj n‡q hvq|
c~e© AW©vi †_‡K wKQz cwigvY evowZ ivL‡Z
nq| A_ev †µZvi Riæwi †givgZ Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨
wKQz bv wKQz AwZwi³ cY¨vs‡ki †hvMvo
ivL‡Z nq|

m¤úbœ cY¨vsk Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿‡Yi wØZxq

c×wZ‡Z cÖvq mKj cY¨vskB wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi
¯Íyc cwigvY Drcv`b Kiv nq| Ab¨K_vq cÖvq
cÖwZwU cY¨vskiB wbqwgZ Bb‡f›Uwi iÿv Kiv
nq| wVK mgvß c‡Y¨i gZ Avmbœ Pvwn`vi ev
AW©v‡ii cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z ˆZwi Kiv nq bv| c‡Y¨i
wbqwgZ ewnM©g‡bi Rb¨ Bb‡f›Uwi gvÎv
AwZwi³ nq bv| †Kvb cY¨vs‡ki cwigvY evwÂZ
mxgvi bx‡P Avm‡jB Zv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Kievi Rb¨
Drcv`b AW©vi cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wbqwgZ Pvwn`v I
A‡cÿvK…Z mnR Drcv`b cÖwµqv wewkó c‡Y¨i
Rb¨ GB c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq|

cY¨vsk wbqš¿‡Yi Z…Zxq c×wZ‡Z c‡Y¨i weµq

ev ewnM©gb MwZi mwnZ Zvj †i‡L Drcv`b
Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| GB c×wZ‡Z cÖK…Z c‡ÿ
cY¨vs‡ki †Kvb Bb‡f›Uwi ivLv nq bv| Drcv`b ¯’j I

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 ms‡hvM ¯’‡ji cY¨vs‡ki g‡a¨ ms‡hvM †iLv
Awew”Qbœ ivLvi Rb¨ bvggvÎ cY¨vsk gIRyZ ivLv
nq| cY¨vs‡ki e¨envi MwZi m‡½ Zvj †i‡L GB
Bb‡f›Uwi wbqwgZfv‡e c~Y© Kiv nq|

cY¨vsk cÖwZôv‡b ˆZwix nDK ev ewn¯’ †Kvb

m~Î †_‡K msM„nxZ nDK ewY©Z c×wZi †ÿ‡Î
†Zgb †Kvb cv_©K¨ n‡e bv| cÖ_g c×wZ‡Z cY¨`ªe¨
cÖ¯ÍyZ ev msMÖ‡ni wm×všÍ MÖnY I D³ c‡Y¨i
cÖK…Z cÖvwßi g‡a¨ wKQz Kvj‡ÿc NU‡e|
wØZxq c×wZ‡Z eZ©gvb Bb‡f›Uwi cY¨vsk †_‡K
cwiwgZ cwigvY cY¨ ˆZixi my‡hvM _vK‡e| Ges
Z…Zxq c×wZ‡Z cY¨vs‡ki cÖ‡qvRb n‡jB cvIqv
hv‡e| cY¨vsk ¯^xq cÖwZôv‡b ˆZwi †nvK ev
evwni †_‡K msMÖn Kiv †nvK ewY©Z c×wZ
we‡k‡li Rb¨ Bb‡f›Uwi cY¨vs‡k A_© wbhyw³i
cwigv‡Y we‡kl †Kvb cv_©K¨ NU‡e bv|

wewea mieivn `ª‡e¨i Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿Y

mieivn `ªe¨ ewj‡Z Ggb me `ªe¨mg~n‡K eySvq

†h¸wj KjKviLvbvq Drcv`b Kv‡h© cÖ‡qvRb nq
wKšÍy Drcvw`Z cY¨ e‡j MY¨ nq bv| wewfbœ
g‡bvnvix `ªe¨, †avqv-†gvQvi `ªe¨vw`, wcw”QjKiY
ˆZj cÖf…wZ mieivn `ª‡e¨i AšÍf‚©³| mieivn `ª‡e¨i
Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿‡Y wbhy³ A‡_©i cwigvY g~j¨
KuvPvgv‡ji Rb¨ wbhy³ A‡_©i Zzjbvq LyeB
bMY¨ nIqv DwPZ| GBRb¨ GBme `ª‡e¨i gIRy‡`i

12
 Rb¨I mwVK wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v Kv‡qg ivLv `iKvi|
KviY wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v `ye©j n‡j G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡qvwRZ
A‡_©i cwigvY A‡bK ¸Y e„w× cv‡e| wbqš¿Y
e¨e¯’v Awbf©ikxj n‡j cÖwZwU wefvMB wbR
wbR e¨w³MZ Bb‡f›Uwi M‡o Zzj‡e| wefvM
we‡k‡li Bb‡f›Uwi cwigvY Aí n‡jI mg¯Í wefv‡Mi
†gvU gIRy‡`i cwigvY Kg n‡e bv| A‡bK mgq
wefvM¸wj †Kvb †iKW© cÎ QvovB Bb‡f›Uwi
†i‡L _v‡K|

hvB †nvK mieivn `ª‡e¨i Dci `„p Bb‡f›Uwi

wbqš¿Y Kv‡qg ivLvi Rb¨ cÖwZwU `ª‡e¨i Rb¨
GKwU K‡i Kÿ ev †kj‡di e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
`ªe¨vw`i Bmy¨ ev ewnM©gb Av‡`k ïay gvÎ wjwLZ
Aby‡gvw`Z cÖ‡qvRb ZvwjKvi wfwˇZ w`‡Z
n‡e I mswkøó wnmve-kx‡U Rgv Ki‡Z n‡e|
wefvMxq e¨w³MZ Bb‡f›Uwi †iva Ki‡Z n‡e|

KuvPvgv‡ji Bb‡f›Uwi wbqš¿Y

KuvPvgvj nj †mB gvj hv Øviv Drcv`bKvix

cÖwZôvb Drcv`b P‡µi cÖ_g ¯Íi †_‡K KvR ïiæ
K‡i| Aek¨ cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë AvKwiK †jŠn,
KuvPvZzjv cÖf…wZ KuvPvgvj n‡Z cv‡i Avevi
GK cÖwZôv‡bi mgvß cY¨ †hgb B¯úvZLÛ, myZv
cÖf…wZI Avi GK cÖwZôv‡bi KuvPvgvj n‡Z
cv‡i| Drcv`b Kvh©vejxi myôz cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
Ab¨vb¨ gv‡ji Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi wbqš¿‡Yi gZ

13
 KuvPvgv‡ji wbqš¿YI we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Drcv`b
Kv‡h© nvZ w`‡Z †M‡jB hš¿cvwZ, Ni, evwo
cÖf…wZ ¯’vqx Dcv`v‡bi K_v ev` w`‡j cÖ_g †h
wRwb‡mi `iKvi Zv nj KuvPvgvj| KuvPvgvj
ch©vß _vK‡j A‡bK myweav cvIqv hvq| Drcv`b
avivi avivevwnKZv AÿzYœ _v‡K, eûj cwigvY
Drcv`‡b Drcv`b-e¨q n«vm cvq, AfvweZ Pvwn`vi
†gvKv‡ejv Kiv hvq I axi cwien‡Y Kg fvovq
Bb‡f›Uwi-‡K Avbv hvq|

wKšÍy †ekx cwigv‡b KuvPvgvj mieivn I

iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi A‡bK Amyweav Av‡Q| My`vg ÿgZvi
Afve, iÿYv‡eÿY e¨q, DrKl© nvwbi Avk¼v cÖf…
wZ Sv‡gjv Gov‡bv hvq bv| myZivs m¤¢ve¨
cwigvY Kg KuvPvgvj Bb‡f›Uwi ivLvi cÖwZB
A‡b†KB civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| wKšÍy
gIRy‡`i cwigvY Kgv‡jB me©`v kyf dj cvIqv hvq
bv| Aí gIRy‡` Aí Aí K‡i evi evi µq Ki‡Z nq| G‡Z
cÖwZeviB µq c×wZi Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z n‡e| Awdm
KvR e„w× cv‡e| mieivnKvixi AKwíZ wej¤^
mieiv‡ni, †µZvi AfvweZ Pvwn`v e„w×i SzwK
mvgjv‡Z n‡e| myZivs Lye †ewk ev Lye Kg,
†KvbUvB bq eis Df‡qi gvSvgvwS cwiwgZ
cwigvY KuvPvgvj Bb‡f›Uwi ivLvB evÂbxq
†hLv‡b AvniY-e¨q I aviY-e¨‡qi mgwó b~¨bZg
n‡q _v‡K|

jxW UvBg

14
 Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri gZ Kviev‡ii m‡½ RwoZ
Kvh©Kjvc ¸wj‡ZI Kg †ewk mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb|
KuvPvgvj wbqš¿‡YI G K_v mZ¨| GK gyû‡Z©
†Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi KuvPvgvj †hgb wb:‡kl n‡q hvq
bv †Zgwb ci gyû‡Z©B k~b¨ fvÛvi c~iY Kiv hvq
bv| k~b¨ nIqv I c~iY Kivi g‡a¨ wKQz mgq
AwZevwnZ nq| †Kvb `ª‡e¨i Rb¨ ¯^xK…wZ Afve
†eva Kiv Ges †mB Afve c~iY Kivi g‡a¨ †h mgq
AwZevwnZ nq Zvnv‡K jxW UvBg e‡j| Z¡wir
cwien‡Yi gva¨‡g Aek¨ jxW UvBg Kgv‡bv hvq|
wKšÍy G‡Z h‡_ó e¨q nq| myZivs mvaviY Ae¯’vi
cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z jxW UvB‡gi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb Kiv
`iKvi|

Drcv`b wefvM Zvnv‡`i Avmbœ cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v

µq-wefvM‡K Rvbv‡Z wKQz mgq wb‡e| Drcv`b
wefvM KZ…©K †cÖwiZ cÖ‡qvRb ZvwjKv µq
wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g µq ZvwjKvq iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q
we‡µZvi wbKU †cŠuQv‡Z AviI wKQz wejw¤^Z
nq| GB µq ZvwjKv‡K we‡µZv cÖwZôv‡bi
cÖkvmb P‡µi Aby‡gv`b wb‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡Z
n‡e| Gici we‡µZv nq cY¨ ˆZwi K‡i A_ev µq K‡i
mieivn Ki‡e| me©‡k‡l mieivnK…Z cY¨
B݆cKk‡bi Rb¨ AviI wKQz mgq e¨q n‡e|
D‡jøwLZ AwZevwnZ mgMÖ mg‡qi mgwóB
jxW-UvBg|

15
 mieiv‡ni m‡½ RwoZ AZxZ `jxjcÎ ch©v‡jvPbv I
we‡kølY K‡i †Kvb we‡kølK †gvUvgywU mwVK
jxW UvBg wba©viY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †Kn Mo, †Kn
m‡e©v”P mxgv e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb| jxW-UvB‡gi
e¨wZµg cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| †Kvb wba©vwiZ mgq
†_‡K 2 w`‡bi e¨wZµg †h A_© enb K‡i, 10 w`‡bi
e¨wZµg wbðqB Zvnv †_‡K Ab¨ A_© enb Ki‡e|

b~¨bZg Bb‡fbUwi

KuvPvgvj wbqš¿Y c×wZ A‡bKUv c~e©vfv‡mi

Dci cÖwZwôZ| AZxZ `jxjcÎ, e¨emvq Kvh©Kjv‡ci
MwZ cÖf…wZ we‡kølY K‡i `ÿ we‡kølK m¤¢ve¨
jxW-UvBg I KuvPvgv‡ji e¨envi MwZ m¤ú‡K©
†gvUvgywU aviYv wb‡Z cv‡ib| wKšÍy †mB
aviYv aviYvB gvÎ| ev¯Í‡e Zvnv LvU‡Z cv‡i ev
bvI LvU‡Z cv‡i| ev¯Íe cwiw¯’wZ hvB †nvK
cÖwZôv‡bi mvaviY Kvh©aviv‡K e¨vnZ n‡Z
†`Iqv hvq bv| Zv n‡j mg~n ÿwZi m¤¢vebv †_‡K
hvq| ZvB †h †Kvb cwiw¯’wZi gy‡L Kvh©aviv‡K
Awew”Qbœ I wec`gy³ ivLvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
GBRb¨ b~¨bZg KuvPvgvj Bb‡f›Uwi iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi
Rb¨ GKvšÍ `iKvi| b~¨bZg Bb‡fbUwi n‡jv †mB
cwigvY mvgvb¨ gvj hv µxZ gvj †cuŠQv‡bv ch©šÍ
nv‡Z _v‡K| b~¨bZg Bb‡fbUwi cwiKwíZ jxW-
UvBg I KuvPvgv‡ji e¨envi MwZi cwieZ©‡bi
gy‡L ¸`vg Ni‡K G‡Kev‡i k~b¨ nIqv †_‡K iÿv K‡i
Ges Kvh©avivi MwZgqZv eRvq iv‡L|

16
 D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ welqwU ¯úó Kiv hvK| g‡b
Kwi, †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi cwiKwíZ jxW-UvBg 10
w`b, KuvPvgv‡ji e¨envi cÖwZ w`b 10 GKK Ges
†gvU 100 GKkZ GKK KuvPvgvj jBqv cÖwZôvb
KvR ïiæ K‡i‡Q| GgZve¯’vq hw` †Kvb b~¨bZg
Bb‡f›Uwi ivLv bv nq Ges b~¨Zb µxZ gvj
†cŠuQv‡Z 11 w`b mgq jv‡M, Zvnv n‡j 1 w`‡bi
Rb¨ KviLvbv eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| Ab¨fv‡e hw` jxW-
UvBg wVK _v‡K Ges KuvPvgv‡ji e¨envi MwZ
e„w× nIqvi `iæY 9 w`‡bB KuvPvgvj †kl n‡q hvq,
ZeyI GKw`‡bi Rb¨ KviLvbv eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| KviY
GiciI bZzb gvj †c‡Z GKw`b †`ix n†Z cv‡i|

b~¨bZg Bb‡f›Uwi KuvPvgv‡ji cwigvY wK n‡e

†m m¤ú‡K© †Kvb aiv-euvav wbqg bvB| AZxZ
AwfÁZvi Dci wfwË K‡i GB e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ
wb‡Z nq| cwiKwíZ jxW-UvBg I KuvPvgv‡ji
e¨envi MwZ †_‡K NwUZ e¨wZµg, e¨wZµ‡gi
cwimi I NUbvnvi, KuvPvgv‡ji aviY LiP, AvniY
LiP, Kvh©avivi MwZgqZvi ¸iæZ¡ BZ¨vw` wel‡qi
Dci wfwË K‡i we‡kølK b~¨bZg Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi
evwÂZ cwigvY m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ wb‡q _v‡Kb|
b~¨bZg Bb‡f›Uwi‡K Ab¨ K_vq wbivc` Bb‡f›Uwi
(Safety stock) ejv nq|

cybt AW©vi ¯Íi

17
 cybt AW©vi ¯Íi nj KuvPvgvj wbqš¿‡Yi Ggb
GKwU ¯Íi, †hLv‡b b~Zb Bb‡f›Uwi µq Kivi Rb¨
AW©vi †ck Kiv nq| wZbwU wel‡qi Dci GB cyb:
AW©vi ¯Íi wbf©i K‡i| welq wZbwU nj (1) jxW-
UvBg, (2) KuvPvgv‡ji e¨enviMwZ Ges (3) b~¨bZg
ev wbivc` gIRy‡`i cwigvY| D`vniY¯^iƒc hw`
†Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi wbivc` Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi cwigvY
nq 50 GKK, jxW-UvBg 15 w`b Ges KuvPvgv‡ji
e¨enviMwZ cÖwZw`b 10 GKK, Zv n‡j H
cÖwZôv‡b 200 GKK KuvPvgvj nv‡Z _vK‡ZB
b~Zb gv‡ji AW©vi †ck Ki‡Z n‡e| 200 GK‡Ki
g‡a¨ 50 GKK wbivc` cwigvY Avi 150 GKK jxW-
UvBg 15 w`‡b e¨q n‡e| B‡Zvg‡a¨ b~Zb gvj G‡m
†cŠuQv‡e| cybtAW©vi ¯Íi wba©vi‡Yi m~Î nj
wbgœiƒc :

b~¨bZg cwigvb + cÖwZw`b e¨eüZ GKK  jxW-

UvBg

Dc‡iv³ D`vni‡Y : 50+10 15=200 GKK|

18
 Bb‡fbUwi wbqš¿Y

wb‡gœi †jLv-wPÎ Dc¯’vc‡b welqwU AviI ¯úó

n‡e|

(wPÎ n‡e Avwg w`‡Z cvwiwb?)

b = b~¨bZg ev wbivc` cwigvY|

M = †h †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q Bb‡f›Uwigv‡ji

cwigvY| GB †iLvi Xvj KuvPvgv‡j e¨envi-MwZi
Dci wbf©i K‡i|

m2 ev L = hLb b~Zb µxZgvj †cŠuwQ‡e|

m1 ev c = hLb b~Zb AW©vi †ck Ki‡Z n‡e|

K = b~Zb AW©vi †ck Kivi mgq Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi

cwigvY|

P = b~Zb AW©v‡ii cwigvY|

Ggb ¯Í‡i b~Zb AW©vi †ck Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z

wbivc` ¯Í‡i †cŠuQvi m‡½ m‡½ b~Zb gvj G‡m
nvwRi nq Ges cÖwZôv‡bi Bb‡f›Uwi Ae¯’v
c~e©ve¯’v wd†i cvq| c~‡e© ejv n‡q‡Q †h, jxW-
UvBg Ges gv‡ji e¨envi-MwZi Dci GB ¯Í‡ii
wba©viY wbf©i K‡i| cÖwZw`b KuvPvgv‡ji
e¨envi-MwZi wfwˇZ wba©vwiZ jxW-UvBg Pjvi

19
 gZ (wbivc` cwigv‡Yi AwZwi³) KuvPvgvj
Bb‡f›Uwi _vK‡ZB b~Zb AW©vi †ck Ki‡Z n‡e|
Dc‡iv³ wP‡Î K cwigvY gvj _vK‡Z A_ev m2 - A =
m1 mg‡q b~Zb AW©vi †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e| myZivs
m1 nj b~Zb AW©vi †cÖi‡Yi mgq Ges K nj b~Zb
AW©vi †cÖi‡Yi mgq Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi cwigvY|

D”PZg Bb‡fbUwi

D”PZg Bb‡fbUwi b~¨bZg Bb‡fbUwi Ges b~Zb

AW©v‡ii cwigv‡Yi mgwó| Dc‡ii wP‡Î P + b =
m‡e©v”P gIRy‡`i cwigvY| GB ¯Í‡i b~¨bZg
cwigv‡Yi mwnZ b~Zb µxZ gvj mshy³ n‡q gIRy‡`i
cwigvY m‡e©v”P AvKvi aviY K‡i|

wgZe¨qx digv‡qk cwigvY ()

c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †`wLqvwQ †h cÖPzi

cwigvY KuvPvgvj ivL‡j A‡bK Amyweavi m„wó
nq, Avevi Aí cwigv‡Y gvj Bb‡f›Uwi†Z ivL‡j
bvbv cÖKvi Amyweav †`Lv †`q| aviY LiP Kgv‡Z
†M‡j AvniY LiP e„w× cvq, Avevi AvniY LiP
Kgv‡Z †M‡j aviY LiP e„w× cvq| GKUv Ab¨wUi
wecixZ| Aí aviY LiP Aí Aí cwigvY gv‡ji Rb¨ Nb
Nb AW©vi w`‡Z wb‡`©k K‡i| Aciw`‡K Aí
AvniY-LiP †ewk cwigvY gv‡ji Rb¨ `xN© w`b ci
ci AW©v‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z `vb K‡i| wgZe¨qx
digv‡qk cwigvY Ggb GKwU cwigvY wb‡`©k
K‡i, †hLv‡b aviY LiP I AvniY Li‡Pi mgwó nq

20
 b~¨bZg| wb‡gœi †jLvwPÎ Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g
welqwU ¯úó Kiv nj|

wPÎ n‡e

AvniY e¨q †iLv Ges aviY e¨q †iLv ÔKÕ we›`y‡Z

ci®úi‡K †Q` K‡i‡Q| GB we›`yB Kvg¨ AW©v‡ii
cwigvY wb‡`©k K‡i| GB we›`y‡Z Dfq †kÖwYi
e¨‡qi mgwó b~¨bZg| Ab¨ †h †Kvb cwigv‡Y GB
`yB e¨‡qi mgwó D³ b~¨bZg e¨q A‡cÿv †ewk n‡e|
Ab¨ †h †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡ZB GK †kÖwYi e¨q
Kg‡e wKšÍy Ab¨ †kÖwYi e¨q AZ¨vwaK e„w×
cv‡e;-d‡j Dfq e¨‡qi †hvMdj DwjøwLZ b~¨bZg e¨q
A‡cÿv †ewk n‡e|

wgZe¨qx digv‡qk cwigvY m~‡Îi Kvh©KvwiZv

A‡bK Abygv‡bi mwVKZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
D`vniY ¯^iƒc, a‡i †bIqv nq †h, Bb‡f›Uwi †_‡K
GKB nv‡i gvj D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡e, Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj,
kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv, g~j¨¯Íi, cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, mybvg,
cwienY-e¨q cÖf…wZ AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e| wKšÍy
ev¯Íe †ÿ‡Î GBme wel‡qi g‡a¨ cwieZ©b Avmv
LyeB ¯^vfvweK| ZvB Abygv‡bi mwVKZvi cÖkœ
wgZe¨qx digv‡qk cwigvY m~‡Îi cÖfve‡K
m‡›`†ni g‡a¨ †d‡j †`q |

21
 KuvPvgv‡ji g~j¨ wba©viY

Bb‡f›Uwi- Gi g~j¨ wba©vi‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ

i‡q‡Q| Z‡e g~j¨vqb c×wZ hvB †nvK gv‡ji cÖK…
Z D‡Ëvjb ev Bmy¨ Av‡M hvq wfwˇZB n‡q
_v‡K| A_©vr gv‡ji cÖK…Z Bmy¨ cyivZb
Bb‡f›Uwi †_‡KB n‡q _v‡K| wb‡gœ wewfbœ
c×wZ¸wj Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|

K| Av‡M Av‡m, Av‡M hvq c×wZ (FIFA

Method)

GB c×wZ gv‡ji cÖK…Z MwZ AbymiY K‡i

_v‡K| e¨eüZ c‡Y¨i µqg~j¨B GB c×wZ‡Z
PvR© Kiv nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc hw` Rvbyqvwi
gv‡mi GK Zvwi‡L cÖwZ GKK 5/00 UvKv
`‡i 100 GKK, Ges wZb Zvwi‡L cÖwZ GKK
6/00 UvKv `‡i 200 GKK µq Kiv nq Geq GB
gv‡mi Pvi Zvwi‡L 210 GKK e¨envi Kiv nq,
Zvnv n‡j 100 GK‡Ki Rb¨ (115) =
500/00UvKv Ges 110 GK‡Ki Rb¨ (1106) =
660/00 UvKv †gvU (500+ 660) = 1160/00
UvKv PvR© Kiv n‡e| A_©vr †h g~‡j¨ gvj µq
Kiv n‡q‡Q †mB g~‡j¨B aiv n‡e| GB c×wZ‡Z
KuvPvgv‡ji cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i
Drcv`b-e¨q mwVKfv‡e Rvbv hvq| Bnvi
Amyweav nj GB †h, G‡Z wn‡me wb‡K‡ki
KvR Lye †ewk nq| cÖwZevi Bmy¨ Kivi mgq

22
 †`L‡Z nq †h †Kvb ¯Í~c †_‡K wK cwigvY
gvj G‡m‡Q Ges ZviB wfwˇZ g~j¨ avh©¨
Ki‡Z nq|

L| c‡i Av‡m Av‡M hvq c×wZ ( FA Method

GB c×wZ‡Z me©‡kl µqg~j¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|

Dc‡i ewY©Z D`vniY AbymiY Kwi‡j cÖ_g
200 GK‡Ki Rb¨ (2006)=1200/00 UvKv
Ges c‡ii 10 GK‡Ki Rb¨ (105) = 50/00
UvKv †gvU (120050) 1250/00 UvKv
PvR© Kiv n‡e| GB c×wZi myweav nj:

1| GB c×wZ‡Z e¨envi w`‡bi evRvi g~‡j¨i

KvQvKvwQ g~j¨B aiv nq| Bnv‡Z
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i weµqg~j¨
wba©viY myweav nq|

2| EaŸ©gyLx g~j¨ ¯Í‡i gybvdv wKQzUv

Kwg‡q †`Lv‡bv nq Ges Bnv‡Z Ki
cÖ`v‡b wKQzUv myweav nq|

M| Mo g~j¨ c×wZ

GB c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ KuvPvgvj Mo g~j¨

avh©¨ Kiv nq| GB Mo g~j¨ Avevi mvaviY

23
 Mo I ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivwcZ Mo †_‡K cv‡i|
c~e©ewY©Z D`vni‡Y mvaviY Mo
c×wZ‡Z :
৫+৬
cÖwZ GK‡Ki g~j¨ = ২ =৫. ৫০ UvKv

`y'kZ `k GK‡Ki g~j¨ = 210 * 5.50 = 1155/00

UvKv

¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivwcZ Mo c×wZ‡Z :

100 GKK 5/00 UvKv nv‡i = 500/00 UvKv

200 GKK 6/00 UvKv nv‡i = 1200/00 UvKv

300 GK 1700/00 UvKv

cÖwZ GK‡Ki g~j¨ = (1700÷300) = 5/66 UvKv

`ykZ `k GK‡Ki g~j¨ = (2105.66) = 1188.60

UvKv

N| e¨envi-w`‡bi evRvi`i c×wZ

GB c×wZ‡Z gv‡ji e¨envi w`‡bi evRvi`i

e¨envi Kiv nq, gv‡ji cÖK…Z µqg~j¨ e¨envi
Kiv nq bv| GB c×wZi myweav nj GB †h,
Bnv‡Z evRv‡ii me©‡kl Pvjy Ae¯’v we‡ePbv
Kiv nq| wKšÍy GB c×wZ GKwU Kv‡Ri
mwZ¨Kv‡ii e¨q wbiƒwcZ nq bv| gv‡ji Pvjy
g~j¨ bq, cÖK…Z g~j¨ e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| GB

24
 c×wZi Avi GKwU myweav nj GB †h, GLv‡b
µqRwbZ A`ÿZv mn‡RB aiv c‡o| gv‡ji
cÖvwßg~j¨ Ges Bmy¨ g~‡j¨i cv_©K¨B Zv
cÖgvY K‡i| Z‡e GB c×wZ‡Z wnmve iÿY
Sv‡gjvc~Y© n‡q c‡o| GB c×wZi e¨envi Lye
GKUv cwijwÿZ nq bv|

O. w¯’ixK…Z g~j¨ c×wZ

GB c×wZ‡Z GKwU we‡ePbvaxb wbw`©ó

mg‡qi Rb¨ GKwU w¯’ixK…Z g~j¨ e¨envi
Kiv nq, gv‡ji cÖK…Z g~j¨ e¨envi Kiv nq bv|
GB c×wZ e¨env‡iI gv‡ji Bmy¨ wba©vi‡Y
jvf- †jvKmv‡bi Dcv`vb RwoZ n‡q c‡o|
D`vniY¯^iƒc wZb UvKv g~‡j¨i GKK hw` Pvi
UvKv g~‡j¨ aiv nq, Zvnv n‡j GKK cÖwZ GK
UvKv nv‡i jvf †`Lv‡bv †_‡K‡Q| GB c×wZ
Aej¤^‡bI †÷vi LwZqvb iÿYv‡eÿ‡Y RwUjZv
†`Lv †`q| GB c×wZ‡Z µqg~j¨ ev evRvi g~j¨
†KvbUvB aiv nq bv|

P. ÷¨vÛvW© g~j¨ c×wZ

GB c×wZ‡Z gv‡ji MÖnY I Qvob DfqB †Kvb

c~e©vwba©vwiZ ÷¨vÛvW© g~‡j¨ g~j¨vqY
Kiv nq| cÖK…Z g~j¨ ev evRvig~j¨ †KvbUvB
aiv nq bv| hw` µqg~j¨ ÷¨vÛvW© g~j¨ A‡cÿv
Kg ev †ewk nq, Zvnv n‡j GB cv_©K¨
g~j¨vqY cv_©K¨ wnmve bvgK GK we‡kl

25
 wnmv‡e †WweU ev †µwWU †`Iqv nq Ges
we‡eP¨ mg‡qi †k‡l GB wnmv‡ei †Ri jvf
†jvKmvb wnmv‡ei †WweU ev †µwWU
¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc hw` GKK
cÖwZ ÷¨vÛvW© g~j¨ nq 8.00 UvKv Ges
cÖK…Z g~j¨ nq 9.00 UvKv| Zvnv n‡j †÷vi-
†jRvi‡K AvU UvKv Ges g~j¨vqY cv_©K¨
wnmve‡K Ges UvKv Øviv †WweU Kiv n‡e|
Avi hw` evRvi g~j¨ ÷¨vÛvW© g~j¨ A‡cÿv
Kg nq, Zvnv n‡j g~j¨vqY cv_©K¨ wnmve‡K
H cv_©K¨ Øviv †µwWU Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †÷vi-
‡jRvi‡K ÷vÛvW© g~‡j¨ †µwWU Ki‡Z n‡e|
mKj Bmy¨B ÷¨vÛvW© g~‡j¨ aiv n‡e|

ewa©Z g~j¨ c×wZ

cÖK…wZMZfv‡e †Kvb †Kvb Bb‡f›Uwi mn‡RB

bó n‡q hvq| wVK hZwU µq Kiv nq, ZZwU e¨envi
Kiv hvq bv| †gvU µxZ gv‡ji wKQz Ask e¨envi
Dc‡hvwMZv nvivBqv †d‡j| GgZve¯’vq bó ev
e¨env‡ii Abyc‡hvMx As‡ki ÿwZ c~i‡Yi Rb¨ fv‡jv
As‡ki g~j¨ evwo‡q ai‡Z nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc hw`
cÖwZwU GKK `yB UvKv g~‡j¨ 11wU GKK µq
Kiv nq Ges GKwU GKK bó n‡q hvq, Zvnv n‡j
evKx 10wU GK‡Ki g~j¨ `yB UvKv nv‡i bv n‡q
2.20 UvKv nv‡i evwo‡q ai‡Z n‡e| KviY bó
GKKwUi g~j¨ fv‡jv GKK¸wji Dci Pvcv‡Z n‡e|

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