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9986261446
http://socialsciencedigitalgroup.blogspot.co.in 8
.8th Social Science Notes (Revised Textbook) 1st Sem.

by Veeresh P Arakeri-9986261446.
CONTENTS
Sl No HISTORY Page No
1 SOURCES 3
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND PRE
2 HISTORIC INDIA 4
3 ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF INDIA 6
4 ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE WORLD. 7
GREEK, ROMAN AND AMERICAN
5 CIVILIZATIONS 9
6 RISE OF JAINISM AND BUDDHISM 10
POLITICAL SCIENCE
MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF POLITICAL
1 SCIENCE 11
2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 11
SOCIOLOGY
1 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 13
2 CULTURE 14
GEOGRAPHY
1 THE EARTH–OUR LIVING PLANET 16
2 LITHOSPHERE 17
ECONOMICS
1 INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS 18
2 MEANING AND TYPES OF ECONOMY 19
BUSINESS STUDIES
1 COMPONENTS OF BUSINESS STUDIES 20
Model Question Paper 22
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8 Class Social Science Notes. By VEERESHI P (Am, Govt Ex-Munciple High school, Davangere Page 2
.8th Social Science Notes (Revised Textbook) 1st Sem.

by Veeresh P Arakeri-9986261446
These sources can be divided into two types
:
HISTORY a) Literary sources, b) Archaeological
sources
1. Sources a) Literary Sources : There are two types in
literary sources :
I Fill in the blanks:
1. __________ inscriptions are the earliest 1) Written Literature 2) Oral Literature.
inscriptions found in India. b) Archaeological Sources
2. Aswaghosha's literary source is Archaeological sources are divided into four
___________ types :
3. The first inscription obtained in the 1. Inscriptions. 2. Coins. 3. Monuments.
Kannada language is ___________ 4. Other ruins.
4. The two kinds of literary sources are
__________ and ______ 3. Name some native literary works.
Ans: (1) Ashoka’s (2) Buddha Charita; (3) Ans:- Kautilya’s ‘Arthashastra’, King Hala’s
Halmidi; (4) Native, foreign; “Gathaspathasathi’, Vishaka Dutta’s
‘Mudrarakshas’, Kalhana’s
II. Choose the correct answers for the ‘Rajatarangini’, Banabhatta’s ‘Harsha
following. Charitha’, Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi,
1. The author of Indica is Chand Bhardayi’s ‘Prithiviraja Raso’,
a) Fahien b) Huientsang Pampa’s ‘Vikramarjunavijaya’, sangam
c) Sulaiman d) Megasthanes literature, and many other such literary
2. Inscriptions found in many places in works can be named as native literature.
India has __________ scripts
a) Devanagari b) Bramhi 4. Name any two foreign writers.
c) Kannada d) Sanskrit Ans:- Megasthanese (Indica), Fa-hien (Gho-
3. Aihole inscription belongs to ko-ki), Hiuen Tsang (Si-yu-ki), Tolemy
a) Immadi Pulukeshi b) Samudra Gupta (Geography), Ferishta (Tarikh-i-
c) Ashoka d) Akbar Ferishtha), Babar (Tuzk-e-Babri).
III. Answer the following after a 5. What is the source which has more
discussion with your classmates: reliability for writing history?
1. How do historians write history? Ans:- Inscriptions are more reliable as these
Ans:- Historians collect the sources, subject have a direct relationship with then
them to critical examination, analysis events. Ex- written on stone, rock, metal,
and then write the history. Whenever ivory, terracotta and other materials that
direct sources are not available, they last longer.
need to make assumptions based on the
available sources. 6. Explain the importance of coins in the
writing of history.
2. What is the meaning of source? How Ans:- The importance of coins in the writing
many types are there? Explain. of history-
Ans:- Any Basic materials necessary for the 1. Coins are helpful in understanding the
construction of history is called source. geographical extent of the ruler’s
kingdom that minted the coins.
2. They also aid us in knowing the language
of administration.
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3. Help to find out the titles that the kings. between South India and Romans.
4. Help possessed their religion.
5. Help us to assess their economic 13. What is history?
conditions of the times. Ans- History is a systematic study of the
6. Coins help to find out metal technology in past.
vogue of the particular kingdoms.
14. Historian is like an advocate. Justify.
7. What are the aspects on which Ans:- The advocates present their
monuments throw more light? arguments on the basis of followed
Ans:- The monuments throw light on then evidences and sources related to their
contemporary religious aspects, case. Similarly, historians collect the
technology, economic growth, scientific sources, subject them to critical
knowledge and creativity achieved. examination, analysis and then write the
history. So Historians are like advocates.
8. By what method, the age of biological
fossils can be decided?
Ans:- By applying carbon-14 dating 2. GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
procedure on the biological ruins (dead
animals, birds and trees) found in these
AND PRE HISTORIC INDIA
sites, one can arrive at the accurate I. Fill in the blanks:
period of the ruins. 1. Geographically, India is a __________
2. Signs of ashes have been found in caves
9. What are archaeological sources? of ___________
Explain. 3. The implements of the Middle Stone Age
Ans:- Archaeological sources are the are called __________
inscriptions, coins, monuments, pots and 4. ________ river separates India into two -
pans and other artifacts that have been Malwa plateau and the Deccan Plateau,
obtained during archaeological in the south.
excavations. 5. About ____________ years ago a major
They provide us information about religion, change took place in the Earth’s
culture, economy, administration, environment.
technology and other aspects of that Ans:- (1) sub-continent and a peninsula,
period. Eg. Inscriptions of Ashoka, coins (2) Kurnool, (3) delicate stone
and basadi, stupas of kings. implements. (4) The Narmada (5)
12,000
10. What is excavation?
Ans:- The hidden things in the earth are I. Choose the correct answers for the
dug out by using scientific methods. This following
process is called as excavation. 1. India is a sub-continent occupying a
huge area in southern part of
11. What is Inscriptions? ____________ continent
Ans:- Inscriptions mean engraved writing. a) America b) Asian
Inscriptions are written on stone, rock, c) Africa d) Antarctica
metal, ivory, terracotta and other 2. The river which separates India into
materials that last longer. two plateaus.
a) Godavari b) Cauveri
12. How do we know commercial contact c) Krishna d) Narmada
between South India and Romans was 3. A major change took place in the
there? world’s environment ______ years ago.
Ans:- In the excavations conducted at a) 12,000 b) 14,000
Arikamedu and Patanam in Tamilnadu a c) 8,000 d) 10,000
large number of evidences were found 4. India’s c
that speak of commercial contact a)15,100KM b) 8716KM
c) 6,100KM d) 7,416KM
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5. The different periods of prehistory
__________ coast. have been given various names by
a) Coromandal b) Malabar archaeologists. What are they?
c) WestCost d) EastCoast Ans:- The period of prehistory has been
divided into three stages.
II. Answer the following questions in (a) Old Stone Age, (b) Middle Stone Age
brief. and (c) New Stone Age.
1. Describe the geographical features of The Old Stone Age stretched over a period
India briefly. of 12,000 years. This long duration has
Ans:- The geographical features of India are been divided into three stages called 1)
(a) Himalayan range- The Himalayas help the Early, 2) Middle and 3) Late Old
to preserve the safety of India. Stone Age.
(b) The flat Indo-Gangetic plains are an
extremely fertile area. The ancient Indus 6. Name the neighboring countries of
Valley civilizations and Vedic period India.
flourished here. Ans:- Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal,
(c) The Deccan Plateau in the South- The Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar the
Narmada River separates India into two neighboring countries of India.
plateaus, Malwa and Deccan.
(d) The Coastal region- The Indian 7. What is the importance of the
Himalayas in Indian History?
kms. The numerous ports on this Ans:- a) The snow-capped mountains in the
North include some of the tallest
time immemorial to have sea trade with mountain peaks in the world.
India. b) They help to preserve the safety and
security of India.
2. What are the valleys through which
the attacks on India have taken place? 9. What is the importance of coastal
Ans:- Bolan and Khyber passes in the
Himalayas are the valleys through Ans:- a) The numerous ports on this
attacks on India have taken place.
time immemorial.
3. What is meant by ‘Prehistoric Age’? b) Foreign trade was carried on in those
Ans:- The period before the discovery of the days only through sea-routes.
art of writing is called 'Prehistoric Age'. c) As a result, port towns flourished
We do not find evidence to the linguistic resulting in the rise of powerful kingdoms
development or the use of script of this in South like the Pandyas, the Cheras
age. and the Cholas.
4. How did animal husbandry and 10. What is a peninsula?

dairying start? Ans:- A place surrounded by water on three
Ans:- 12,000 years ago, the earth's sides and land on one side is called a
temperature began to gradually increase peninsula. Eg: India.
due to major change in the world's
environment. This led to the development 11. How do we get to know about such
of grasslands in many places. Birds and industrial sites?
animals began to multiply in Ans:- Usually we get to see stone tools
unprecedented numbers. Man began to around rocky areas. People might have
observe their nature, food habits and the rejected some rocks as unsuitable for
way they multiplied. This was the way the their tools. Heaps of broken rock or
practices of animal husbandry and dairy stone-chips obtained during the creation
farming began. of implements abound in such areas. It is
possible that people lived for a long time
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in these places. These sites are called c) Arye d) Acharye
residential and industrial sites. 5. The king and the Princes Celebrated
_______ Sacrifices to conquer all the
III. Match the Following- territories.
A B a) Rajasooya b) Ashwamedha
1. Bolan & Khyber - a) Stone Age. c) Vajapeya d) Sarvamedha.
2. Art of writing - b) Himalaya Ans:- 1. d) Veda 2. b) 3500 3. C) Sanskrit
3. Stone Weapons - c) Passes 4. B) Brahmvadini 5. B) Ashwamedha
4. Tallest Mountain Peaks - d) New Stone Age
Ans:- 1- c) passes, 2- d)New Stone Age, 3- III. Match the Following
a) Stone Age 4- b)Himalaya. A B
1. Gramini - a) Tribal Communities
2. Arya - b) Capital of Kauravas
3. Bharathajana - c) Teacher
4. Hastinapur - d) Respectable
3. ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS 5. Purohith - e) Village Head
OF INDIA Ans:- 1. e) Village Head,
2. d) Respectable,
I. Complete the following sentences : 3. a) Tribal Communities,
1. The Fertile land that is near Bolan Pass 4. b) Capital of Kauravas,
______________. 5. c) Teacher.
2. Harappa was found in the ______________
Valley of Punjab.
III. Answer briefly:
3. Harappan people depended on
1. Write on the special features of
agriculture and ______________.
Harappa cities.
4. The Oldest Veda is ______________ .
Ans:- The lower town in the low lying area
5. The priest who conducted yagnas was
of the city was the place of habitation of
called as ______________ in Rig-Veda.
the people.
6. The slokas of Rigveda are called
 It was constructed in a very methodical
_____________
manner
7. Veda means_______________
8. During Vedic Period the leaders had  Systematically laid-out houses almost
organizations called ___________ every person lived in either one or two
Ans: (1) Mehrgarh (2) Sindhu (3) trade (4) stored house
Rig Veda (5) Hothar (6) Suktas (7)  The houses were built of bricks and had
knowledge (8) Sabha and Samithi strong walls
 There were rooms all around the
II. Choose the correct answers for courtyard inside
the following  The main door faced the streets
1. The world’s oldest literary works are  There were bathrooms in the houses.
the
a) Ramayana b)Mahabharatha 2. Write a note on the great bath of
c) Upanishad d) Veda Mohenjo-Daro.
2. Rigveda is the most ancient. It is Ans:- Mohenjodaro was one of the cities,
about ____________ years old had a swimming pool. Scholars have
a) 4500 b)3500 called this the Great Bath.
c) 1500 d) 6000  It was built of brick so as to prevent the
3. During Vedic period all the literary seepage of water from the pool.
works were in ________ Language  The bath has steps on two sides to go
a) Kannada b)Prakrit down and has rooms all-round the water
c) Sanskrit d) Pali was probably supplied to the bath by a
4. Women scholars were called_______ well and used water was let out.
during Vedic Period  Probably very important people took bath
a) Mata b)Brahmavadini in this pool on special occasions.
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organizations called the sabha and the
3. How was the nature of town plan samithi to advise them on
during Harappa civilization? administrative matter. The Sabha had a
 Harappa had a perfect town planning. broad representation of the people
The lower town in the low lying area of whereas the samithi was a political
the city was the place of habitation of the organization having a few people engaged
people, systematically laid-out houses, in specific administrative tasks.
roads and drains are found here.
 The houses are one or two-storied built of 9. Describe briefly the village
bricks with strong walls. administration of the Vedic Period.
 There were rooms all around the Ans:- The basic unit of the administration
courtyard inside. was the village and the gramini was the
 The main door faced the street and none head. A group of villages called the “Vish”
of the windows opened onto the streets and the “Vishayapathi” was its head.
 The cities had a neatly laid out Many vishyas come together to form Jana
underground sewage system. or Kingdom. This was ruled by a King
 The drains were built of bricks and who would be called “Raja”, “Rajan” or
covered with stone slabs. “Gopa”.
 The gutter of each house was linked to
main drain outsides. 10. How Harappan civilization comes to
an end?
 Holes were created in the drains to
Ans:- Some Historians feel the dried rivers
enable timely cleaning of them.
as the reason, and others feel that
changed course of rivers was the reason.
4. Name the Vedas.
Other historians have cited the
Ans: There are four Vedas.
destruction of forests as the cause.
They are Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda
Probably inundation by floods could be
and Atharva Veda.
the reason.
5. What Yajna and Yagas were important
during the Vedic period?
Ans:- Rajasuya, Vajapeya, Sarvamedha and 4. ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
Ashwamedha were the yajnas and yagas OF THE WORLD
common during the Vedic Age. I. Complete the following sentences by
using suitable words in the blanks:
6. Name the professions of the post 1. Hieroglyphics are called _____________.
Vedic period. 2. The kings who ruled Egypt are called
Ans: The people in the later Vedic Age had ___________.
learnt cultivation of rice. Many 3. The Greeks referred to Mesopotamia as
professions like trade, goldsmith, basket- ___________.
weavers, rope-weavers, cloth-weavers, 4. The most famous king of the Amorites is
carpenters and potters. There were __________.
servants, astrologers, flute players, 5. The River __________ was called as sorrow
dancers and merchants. of China / China’s sorrow
6. The main source of the law of
7. Name the prominent women scholars Hammurabi is the rock edicts found in
during Vedic period. ______
Ans:- Prominent women scholars were 7. Mesopotamian civilization flourished on
Apala, Lopamudra, Ghosha, Maithreyi the banks of ___________ and ________
Gargi and Vishwavara. rivers.
Ans:- (I) sacred writing (2) Pharaohs (3)
8. What was the role of the sabha and land between the rivers (4) Hammurabi
samithi during Vedic Period? (5) Hwang –Ho (6) 1901 (7) Euphrates,
Ans:- During Vedic Period leaders had Tigris.
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7. What is the Meaning of the word
II. Match the following : Mesopotamia?
A B Ans:- Land between the rivers .
1. Hwang Ho River a. Mesopotamia
2. Cuneiform b. King of the Amorites 8. Who created the hanging Garden at
3. Cleopatra c. Shang Babylonia?
4. Hammurabi d. China
Ans:- Nebuchadnezzar II
5. Chinese dynasty e.The last Egyptian queen.
Ans:- 1. d) China. 2. a) Mesopotamia 3. e) 9. What is Ziggurat?

The last Egyptian queen 4. b) King of the Ans: Ziggurat is the of worshiping places of
Amorites 5. c) Shang. Mesopotamians
III. Answer in brief the following 10. Write a short note on the hanging
questions : Garden of Babylonia.
1. How are ‘mummies’ preserved?  The legendary Hanging Gardens were
Ans: - The dead body would be smeared created on the bank of the river
with various chemicals and wrapped with  Euphrates around 7th century BC.
a thin cloth. The entire body was in this  This is one of the seven wonders of the
way preserved old world.
 Most of the scholars are of the view that
2. Write a paragraph on the Pyramids. king Nebuchadnezzar II was the creator
Ans:- Tall towers were built on the graves of the garden.
using huge blocks of stone in order to  The trees and bushes were grown at
protect the eternal sleep of the dead. different levels of Ziggurats.
Kings and wealthy people vied with each  When the branches hung at different
other to build taller and taller towers. The levels and swayed they gave the on
Greeks called these structures ‘Pyramids’. looker an impression of being a hanging
garden.
3. How was ‘Hwang Ho River’ China’s
sorrow?
Ans:- The river Hwang Ho which led to the 11. Write a short note on “The Great Wall
establishment of the Chinese civilization of China”.
was known as china’s Sorrow. After the Ans:- To protect the small provinces from
floods this river changed its course in an seven big states a huge was constructed
unpredictable manner and inundate along will boundary for protection.
houses agricultural lands it would render Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered that the
all the canals useless. This was the wall of the northern Chinese state be
reason the people of that area referred to connected. The contribution of the great
it as the symbol of sorrow. wall began in the 7th century and
continued till the 16th century. It
4. Who were known as pharaohs? stretched to more than 5000 kms.
Ans:- The king of Egypt were called
pharaohs 12. What is cuneiform script?
Ans:- The angular writing of Mesopotamia is
5. Who found the cities of Alexandria? cuneiform script
Ans:- One of Alexander’s military generals 13. How was the river Nile Played an
declared himself the king of Egypt and important role in the History of
founded the cities of Alexandria. Egypt?
Ans:- River Nile would transform the Nile
6. Name of the two rivers of valley into a huge lake. After the valley
Mesopotamia. dried up in summer, a fertile layer of clay
Ans:- Euphrates and Tigris. soil would form the grazing field and
neighboring agricultural lands. This
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fertile land provided food for the The odyssey in great detail deals with the
population of the first town in the area. adventures of Odysseus while on his
Hence it was responsible for the returned from troy.
development of a complex system of
irrigation throughout the land. 2. Name the Greek city-states.
Ans- Athens, Sparta, Macedonia and
14. Write briefly about “The law of codes Thebes.
of Hammunrabi”.
Ans:- Hammurabi’s law enforced the logic 3. Describe the features of the Roman
of “An Eye for an eye and tooth for a republic.
tooth. Hammurabis law codes are one Ans:- Rome was under the rule of a
among the most ancient of the codes Monarch The Roman’s had assembly
available town they were probably written and a ‘Senate’ as two political
to protect the rights of all sections of advisory institutions. The Assembly was
Babylonian society. made up of all middle aged men. Whereas
the senate was an elite institutions which
was very influential. The senate had the
5. GREEK, ROMAN AND power to reject the proposals of the
Assembly and the king. In the 6th century
AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS B.C monarchy was abolished and a
I. Complete the following sentences by republic was established.
using suitable words in the blanks:
1. The epics written by Homer are the Illiad 4. Which are the civilizations of ancient
and_________________. Columbia?
2. The Greeks referred to dictators as Ans:- Maya, Aztec and Inca are the
______________. civilizations of ancient Columbia.
3. The one who laid the foundation for the
study of medicine is ___________. 5. Who are the ‘Mayas’?
4. The first to have analysed history was Ans:- The Americans – Indian aborigines of
______________. Yucutan of Mexico are called the mayas.
5. ‘Princep’ means ______________.
6. The language of the Romans is 6. How were the Aztecs worshippers of
______________. Nature?
7. The Stone Sculptures of the Mayan Ans:- The Aztecs were worshippers of
Civilization are ______________ nature. They tried to please God in many
8. Texcoco is a ______________ in Mexico. ways. One of them was human sacrifice.
9. The leader of the Incas was
______________. 7. Name the different tribes of Greek.
10. The ruling deity of the Incas Ans- The Achaeans the Lonians and the
was______________. dorians are the different names of Greek
Ans: (1) Odyssey (2) tyrants (3) tribes.
Hippocrates (4) Herodotus (5) the
first citizen of the State (6) Latin (7) 8. Who was Alexander? What was his
steles (8) lake (9) Tupec (10) Sun God. ambition?
Ans:- Alexander was the king of Macedonia
II. Answer in brief the following in Greece. He wanted to conquer Persia
questions: and India.
1. Explain the contributions of Homer to
Greek literature. 9. Who are the famous philosophers of
Ans:- Homer wrote two epics the Illiad and Greek Civilizations?
Odyssey These epics describe the life Ans:- Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are the
and Intuitions of the Time. The Iliad famous Greek Philosophers.
narrates the siege of Troy and its 10. Name the institution established by
destruction.
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Aristotle. 7.Dharma Chakra Pravarthana
Ans:- Aristotle established an education
Institution named “Lyseum” in Athens II. Answer in brief the following
questions :
11. Write a short note on Alexander. 1. Write in detail about Mahaveera’s life.
Ans;- He was the King of Macedonia in Ans: Vardhmana was born in Kundala
Greece. In his short lived life, he set out grama village in Vaishali. At the age of 30
to conquer the whole world. He was he set out in search of truth and
successful in building a huge empire. He renounced his family and house. He
defeated the Persian army and advanced wandered for twelve years in this quest.
towards India. After fighting on the He meditated and punished his body by
Indian borders while on his return to fasting. He achieved enlightenment at the
Greece Alexander died at Babylonia in age of 42. He controlled his senses and
323BC. achieved power over comfort and pain so
he was called 'Mahaveer' and became a
12. What are the objects worshipped by 'Jina'. He spent the rest of his life (thirty
the Inca People? years) preaching his knowledge to the
Ans:- People of Inca Civilization Worshipped people. He attained nirvana in his 72nd
objects like the moon, the stars and year in Pavapuri of Bihar.
lighting.
2. What are the triratnas?
13. Write briefly about the philosophy of Ans: Mahaveer preached three principles of
Socrates. behaviour. They are Samyaggyan,
Ans:- Socrates was the philosopher who Samyagdarshan and Samyagcharite.
taught the western world to think These are called triratnas.
logically “Knowledge is Virtue’ Virtue is
knowledge this was the foundation of 3. Name the sects among the Jains.
Socratic thought. Ans: There are two sects among the Jains.
They are Swetahmbars and Digambars.
4. What is the middle path?

6. RISE OF JAINISM AND Ans: Buddha realized that desire was the
root cause of sorrow. Only by the
BUDDHISM liberation of desires could a peaceful life
I. Complete the following sentences be led. Buddha preached eight fold paths
by using suitable words in the for eliminating desires. This is called the
blanks: Middle path.
1. The first Jain Tirthankara was
_____________. 5. Who were the people influenced by
2. Vardhamana was born at ___________. the new religion?
3. Mahaveera attained ___________in his Ans: Wealthy merchants, artisans and
42nd year. common people were influenced by the
4. Mahaveera attained Nirvana at new religion.
___________ in his 72nd year. 6. Write a note on the Tripitikas.
5. The original name of Gautama Buddha Ans: After Buddha's death, his followers
was ___________. collected his teachings and tradition in
6. Buddha delivered his first sermon at the form of Tripitikas. These are Vinaya,
___________. Dharma and Abhidhamma pitakas. Over
7. The first sermon of Buddha is a period of time, disagreements developed
called___________. in the teachings and different branches of
Ans: 1- Rishabha 2 - Kundala 3- Buddhism sprang up. Thus Hinayana,
enlightenment (Kaivalya) 4 - Pavapuri Mahayana, Vajrayana and their sutras
5 - Siddhartha 6-deer park in Saranath came into being.
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peace etc.
 It provides information about the
structure and functions of the state and
POLITICAL SCIENCE governments.
 Political Science provides knowledge the
1. MEANING AND IMPORTANCE Constitutions and laws of the state.
OF POLITICAL SCIENCE  Political Science helps to understand
I. Fill up the blanks : about the organs of the government i.e.,
1. The word Politics was derived from the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary and
Greek word __________ . their functions.
2. ‘Republic’ is written by __________.  The knowledge of political science helps
3. Aristotle wrote a book on political science to raise good leadership and good
and it is called as ___________ . citizenry.
4. Kaoutilya’s work relating to political  Political Science helps to understand the
science is __________ . important Political institutions like
Ans: (1)-Polis; (2)-Plato; 3) - The political parties, federation and local
Politics; (4) – Arthashastra bodies.
II. Answer the following questions :

1. What is political Science?
2. PUBLIC
Ans:- Political science is one of the branch ADMINISTRATION
of social science dealing with the political I. Fill in the blanks :
activities of man. 1. The father of Public Administration is
_____________.
2. Who began the systematic study of 2. The word Public Administration is used
Political Science? for the first time by __________.
Ans:- The Greek began the systematic study 3. The members of Union Public Service
of Political Science Commission are appointed by _________.
4. _____________ article of the constitution
3. Who is called the Father Political discusses the state public service
Science? commission
Ans:- Aristotle the Greek Philosopher is 5. The Head of the state secretariat is
called Father of Political science. _____________.
6. KPSC main office is in _________________
4. Give a definition of Political Science. 7. ________________ is the political head of
Ans:- (a) Political science is the subject union administration.
which deals with the affairs of the city 8. The Police department comes under the
state and its working. _______________.
(b) It is the study of the state in the past, Ans:- 1) Woodrow Wilson, 2) Alexander
present and future, of political Hamilton, 3) The President, 4) 315, 5)
organization, political functions and The Chief Secretary, 6) Bengaluru, 7)
political Theories. Prime Minister, 8) Home Ministry
5. Mention any one use of studying II. Discuss the following in groups and
Political Science? answer:
Ans: The study of Political Science helps us
1. Public Administration is today’s need.
in the following ways.
Discuss.
 It helps to understand the birth and
 The life cycle of human beings depends
growth of a state.
on Public Administration. It is the heart
 It provides information about the origin of a state. There is no state without
and development of ideas such as Public Administration.
monarchy, freedom, justice, laws,  The holistic development of human
equality, good government, wars and
society and the survival of civic society
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depend on effective Public the function of Public Administration.
Administration. 1. P-Planning.
 It takes care of providing basic facilities, 2. O-Organization
education, employment opportunities, 3. S-Staffing.
protects the state and ensures economic 4. D-Direction.
equality. 5. Co-Coordination.
6. R-Reporting.
2. Public Administration is spread across 7. B-Budgeting.
the birth and death of an individual.
Prove it. 8. What are the types of training given to
Ans:- * It maintains civil order and peace by personals?
protecting the life and property of 1. Formal and Informal Training.
citizens. 2. Pre-Service and Post-Beginning of Service
* It takes care of providing basic facilities, training.
education, employment opportunities, 3. Short term and Long term training.
protects the state and ensures economic 4. Departmental and Central institutes’
equality. It provides numerous services training.
like this. 5. Skill training and Background training.
3. Explain the Recruitment process. 9. What are the functions of Union Public
Ans: According to Staff Administration Service Commission?
experts, there are two types of 1. Conducting exams for the recruitment of
recruitment: Group A and B officers of central
A. Direct Recruitment (External government.
Recruitment)- Recruiting eligible 2. Conducting interviews for direct
candidates through competitive recruitment.
examinations. 3. Advising the central government on issues
B. Internal Recruitment (Recruitment by related to promotion and transfer.
promotion)- Selecting the eligible in- 4. Advising government on initiation of
disciplinary actions against erring
service personnel to higher positions.
government employees.
5. On the direction of the President, advising
4. What is public administration?
the government any needed issue.
Ans:- Public Administration is related to the
total functioning of the government.
10. What is the role and functions of the
Public Administration is that part of the
Central Secretariat?
government that runs day to day
1. Secretariat is an organization that aids
functioning of the state.
the government in fulfilling its aims. It
5. Explain the importance of Public
advises the minister in framing policies.
Administration.
2. Secretariat aids the minister in
Ans:- The following explain the importance
performing his legislative duties.
of Public Administration:
3. Secretariat frames the regulations of
1. Public Administration is the Pillar of the
administration.
Government.
4. Secretariat analyses the problems
2. It serves various functions in the interest
carefully.
of the public.
5. Prepares the Budget by keeping close
3. Implementation of Law and policies.
relationship with the finance department.
4. Necessary to protect Social Security.
6. Secretariat works as the bridge between
5. Support Legislature and Executive.
the central government and the state
governments.
7. Explain POSD CORB perspective.
Ans:- Luther Gulick explains the scope of
Public Administration through English
letters: POSD CORB. Each letter explains SOCIOLOGY
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1. INTRODUCTION TO structure and rate of growth, food
consumption, creativity, and evolution in
SOCIOLOGY
brain can be noticed.
I. Fill in the blanks:
1. Man is _________________ being.
III. Answer the following in four or
2. 'Logos' means ____________ .
3. The Father of Sociology is
five sentences:
_________________ . 1. Human beings are social beings.
4. ______________ is called as the advocate of Explain.
'Conflict Theory' Ans:- There is no society without individual
5. Annihilation of caste was written by and there is no individual without
____________ . society. No individual can live alone on
Ans:- 1) Social, 2) science or study, 3) the Earth. Since a human being is a
August Comte, 4) Karl Marx, 5) B.R. social being, he always longs to live with
Ambedkar, other human being. The social living is
necessary for the well-being and growth.
Hence, human society is called as ‘a web
II. Answer the following sentences :
of social relationships’.
1. Who is called as the Father of
Sociology?
2. Explain the relationship between
Ans:- August Comte is called as ‘the father
Sociology and History.
of Sociology’.
Ans:- Sociology and History are interrelated.
History is the recreation of the life of a
2. Describe the nature of Sociology. Or
past society. Sociology is the recreation of
Write the features of the Sociology?
contemporary society. Sociology supports
1. Sociology is a social science and not a
historians by providing scientific
physical science
knowledge of various social institutions
2. Sociology is a definitive study but not a
and their roles and functions.
directive study.
3. Sociology is a pure science and not an
3. What does Sociology study? Write
applied science.
about importance of Sociology.
4. Sociology is an intangible science and not
 Sociology studies human society
a tangible science.
scientifically.
5. Sociology is a general science and not a
special science.  Supplements the personality
3. What is Sociology? development.
Ans:- Sociology as the study of human  Sociology aids the proper understanding
society. of social processes by studying the
religion, traditions, culture, social rules
4. Name the important early and regulations.
Sociologists.  Aids in understanding social problems
Ans:- August Comte, Karl Marx, Emile and their solutions.
Durkheim, Max Weber are some of early  Sociology supports the effective
sociologists. implementation of development
programmes.
5. Name the important Indian
Sociologists. 4. What books were written by Karl
Ans:- Dr B.R. Ambedkar, G. S Ghurye, M.N. Marx?
Srinivas, C Parvathamma, Iravati Karve,  Das Capital -1865,
Ar.R Desai, are some of the important  The Holy Family, the German Ideology-
Indian Socialogistst. 1845,
 The Manifesto of the Communist Party -
6. Write the differences between animals 1848.
and human beings.
Ans:- Apparent differences in body 5. Write a note on Ambedkar's early life.
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Ans:- B.R. Ambedkar was born in India.
Ambawade village of Maharashtra in 4. _____________ relationship is found
1891. He lost his mother at the age of six between culture and society.
and grew up under the care of his aunt 5. Culture is the _________ of transfer of
Meerabai and started his primary ideas from generation to generation.
education at Satara. Ambedkhar joined
Ans:- 1. a life pattern of a group of
the popular Elphinstone High School of
Mumbai and passed matriculation with
people, 2. Daily routine activities,
first class in 1907. He married Ramabai. 3. Unity, 4. Good, 5. Medium.
With the help of a scholarship awarded
by Maharaja of rupees twenty five, II. Answer the following in a sentence:
Ambedkar earned his B.A and M.A 1. What is culture?
degrees. He received his P.hd from Ans:- Culture means the transfer of
Columbia University in 1916. knowledge, experience, belief, value,
behaviour, hierarchy, relationship
6. Write a note on prominent sociologist from generation to generation.
from Karnataka.
Ans:- C. Parvathamma is the prominent 2. Give examples of cultural diversity
contemporary sociologist from Karnataka. present in your neighbourhood.
She was born at Syagalli village of
Ans- Examples of cultural diversity – 1)
present Davanagere district. She made
genuine attempts to spread the learning Fairs 2) Republic day celebrations 3)
of Sociology across Karnataka proves her multi languages, 4) Various labourers
commitment and sense social concerns. working together in factory set up.
Her major contributions are 'Politics and
Religion', 3. Who divided the culture into two
groups?
7. Write a note on noted Indian Ans: - Ogburn divides culture into 2
Sociologist M.N.Srinivas. groups, called material and non-
Ans: - M.N.Srinivas popularised the ‘field material culture.
based sociological studies’ in India. While
he was studying at Stanford University, 4. What is material culture?
his field study notes were lost in arson Ans:- Material culture is created by human
due to agitation of the students. Based on beings by converting natural resources
his memory of the field work done, he into manmade structures like House,
wrote ‘A Remembered Village’ in 1976. building, bridge, road, dam, machines,
Under the guidance of his teacher production centres, industries, computer,
Radcliffe Brown, he wrote a book titled technology and others.
“The Religion and Society of Kodavas of
South India” in 1952. His major 5. What is non-material culture?
contributions are: The Religion and Ans:- Non material culture means human
Society of Kodavas of South India-1952, achievements. Tradition, belief, ritual and
Indian Villages, Social Change in Modern custom, moral values, ideals, Art,
India -1966, Remembered Village -1976. literature, religion, language and many
others are examples of non-material
culture.
2. CULTURE
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate III. Answer the following in four five
words: sentences.
1. Culture means _____________ 1. What is a custom? Give examples.
2. Customs mean _____________ Ans:- Culture is made up of beliefs, values,
activities. rules, social conventions and morals.
3. _____________ in diversity is found in These can be collectively being called
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customs and traditions. not only a religious expression; it also
Ex- Conventions and moral codes are a part functions as a temporary market for the
of customs and traditions. neighbouring villages. People participate
in the fairs irrespective of their caste,
2. Explain the cultural diversity. creed and language. Fairs reinforce social
1) Fairs are the most important cultural relationships. Often fairs have people
rituals of rural societies of India. People with different language and culture
participate in the fairs irrespective of displaying their skills in the form of
their caste, creed and language. circus. The groups of people who
2) During Republic day celebrations, the participate in these fairs belong to
entire nation’s cultural diversity is different language, custom and culture
showcased. groups. But they assemble in these fairs
3) We have multi languages, so children to celebrate. They also appear to be
learn more than two three languages. showcasing our constitutions’ desire of
This learning not only involves that achieving unity in diversity.
language, but it also includes the culture
of that language.
4) Various labourers working together in
factory set up. Children growing up in
this multi-cultural social set up learn to
mark festivals and other rituals of the
social groups present there. This aids
respecting the cultural diversity.
3. Explain the features of Culture.

Ans:- 1. Culture is abstract. GEOGRAPHY
2. Culture is not personal, it is social.
3. Culture does not come by birth, Culture
is learnt. 1. THE EARTH–OUR LIVING
4. Culture means co-existence. PLANET.
5. Culture is continuous. I. Fill in the blanks with suitable
6. Culture is diverse: Every social group answer:
has its own culture. 1. The total geographical area of the Earth
is ___________ Sq. Kms.
4. Culture and society are two faces of 2. The shape of the Earth is _____________.
the same coin. How? 3. The equatorial and polar diameters of
Ans:- Culture and society are two face of the the Earth is and ____________ Kms.
same coin. Culture makes human beings 4. The 23½° North latitude is called as
different from other animals. Social _________________.
controls in a society are based on 5. The Indian Standard Time is based
cultural aspects. The social controls on___________________ longitude.
define the human behaviour. Individual Ans: (1) 510 million (2) Geoid (3) 12756,
in a society have memberships in various 12714 (4) Tropic of Cancer (5) 82½°
social institutions. Every institution East.
regulates the behaviour of the individual
through its cultural tools. For
II. Answer the following questions
example our interactions with elders are
guided by culture prevalent in our
briefly:
families and society. 1. Why the Earth called ‘Living Planet’?
Ans:- The Earth is the home for all forms of
5. Explain the features of fair. life like plants, animals and human
Ans: - Fairs are the most important cultural beings because of its suitable distance
rituals of rural societies of India. A fair is from the Sun, range of temperature, life
supporting gases, atmosphere, water
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cycle, etc. It is the only planet that 2. Size of the Earth:- The Earth is the Fifth
supports life that is why it is called largest planet in the sun’s family. The
'Living Planet'. diameter of the Earth is approximately 4
times greater than the moon and it is
2. Why are the Northern and Southern around 107 times less than that the sun.
hemispheres called Land and Water
Hemispheres? 3. Geoid: The Earth’s shape is often
Ans:- The Northern hemisphere has 60% of described as geoid; which literally means
Land and 40% of Water. So it is called the Earth shaped or oblate spheroid. The
Land hemisphere. The Southern Earth is flattened at the poles and bulges
Hemisphere has 81% of water and 19% of at equator.
Land so it is called water Hemisphere.
4. Continents: The land bodies of the earth
3. What are latitudes and longitudes? are known as continents. There are 7
continents namely, Asia, Africa,
joins all the places which have the same Antarctica, Australia, Europe, South
angular distance north or South of the America. Asia is the largest continent in
equator. the world and Australia is the smallest
continent in the world.
right angle joining the north and south
are called Longitudes. 5. Prime Meridian: The meridian passing
through Greenwich (England has been
4. Mention the difference between local chosen as prime meridian. It is marked
time and standard time. as 0° Longitude.
Ans:- Local time : The time according to 6. Indian Standard Time:- In India 82½°
the longitude of a place or according to East Longitude is considered as the
the position of sun at that place is standard meridian of the country. It
known as the Local time . passes through Allahabad of Uttar
Standard Time: Uniform time is based on Pradesh. It is 5hours and 30minutes
the central meridian of the country or the ahead of G.M.T.
Meridian on which the most important
city is located. This uniform time which is IV. Multiple Questions.
followed throughout a country is called 1. The total geographical area of the
Standard time. Earth is.
a) 510 million Sq.kms
5. What is the International Date Line? b) 550 million Sq.kms
c) 610million Sq.kms
diametrically opposite to the G.M.T was d) 650 million Sq.kms
2. The shape of the Earth is.

the 180° meridian but makes short a) Circular b)Square
detours in Order to avoid land masses c) triangle d) Geoid
3. The Equatorial diameter of the Earth

airplanes. is _______________ Kms
a) 12,756 b)12,576
III. Define the following: c)12,646 d)12,446
1. Unique planet:- The Earth is the home
for all forms of life like plants, animals 4. There are ____________ latitudes on the
and human beings so it is called living globe
planet , watery planet , Blue planet, a)180 b)181 c)360 d)90
Unique planet.
5. The whole globe is divided into
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_______________ time zones main types of weathering.
a) 25 b)12 c)20 d)24 Ans: Weathering is the wearing away or
Ans:- 1. a) 510 million Sq.kms, 2. d) breaking down or gradual disintegration
Geoid, 3. a) 12,756, 4. b)181, 5. d)24. of rocks by agents like temperature,
rainfall, wind etc., present in the
atmosphere.
The three types of weathering are as
follows-
2. LITHOSPHERE (1) Mechanical weathering,
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable (2) Chemical weathering and
words: (3) Biological weathering.
1 The continental crust is also called
______________________. 5. Name the landforms associated with
2 Vast basin shaped volcanic mouth is the work of river.
__________________. Ans: The important landforms in the middle
3 The most destructive earthquake waves course of the river are Alluvial fans and
are __________________ . Meanders. The important land forms in
4 Stalactites and Stalagmites are most the Lower Course of the river are flood
common in __________________. Plains, Natural Levees, Ox-bow lakes,
5 The Beaches are formed by Deltas.
__________________ work.
Ans: (1) SlAL, (2) Caldera, (3) surface
waves, (4) lime stone region, (5) sea III. Match the following:
waves. A B
II. Answer the following questions: 1. SIMA a) Earthquake
1. Mention the three major layers of the 2. Sandstone b) Yellow soil
interior of the Earth. 3. Epicentre c) Oceanic crust
Ans:- The three major layers of the interior 4. Geyser d) Sedimentary rock
of the Earth are- 5. Loess e) Underground water
(1) The Crust (2) The Mantle and Ans: 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-e, 5-b.
(3) The Core.
IV. Define the following:
2. Name the types of volcanoes on 1. Aqueous rocks: Sedimentary Rocks are
the basis of frequency of eruption. also called aqueous rocks because they
Ans: On the basis of frequency of eruption are formed in the water bodies like lakes,
volcanoes are classified into three types. seas, and ocean beds.
They are-(1) Active Volcanoes, (2) 2. 'Pacific ring of fire': Pacific ring of fire is
Dormant Volcanoes and (3) Extensive a region of Volcanoes. The regions are
Volcanoes. The Coastal margins of the Pacific Ocean
consisting of Philippines, Japan, USA,
3. Mention the important earthquake Central America, South America, etc.
zones of the world. 3. Mechanical weathering: When the rock
Ans. The important earthquake zones of the is broken and disintegrated without any
world are- chemical alteration, the process is called
(1) The Circum-Pacific Belt-Regions around Physical weathering or Mechanical
the Pacific Ocean (New Zealand, weathering. The important processes of
Philippines, Japan, USA, Peru, etc.) mechanical weathering are Granular
(2) The Mediterranean Belt- Regions around disintegration, Block disintegration and
the Mediterranean Sea. Exfoliation. The agents of mechanical
(3) The Himalayan Belt- The Siwalik regions weathering are temperature, wind, frost,
of India. etc.
4. Carbonaceous rocks: Coal is called
4. What is weathering? Name the three carbonaceous rock. Organic sediments
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are derived by the accumulation of
remains of organisms, such as shells of 3. List the different economic activities.
marine organisms, remains of plants and Ans:- i. Production. ii. Consumption.
animals, Example Carbonaceous rocks iii. Exchange. iv. Distribution.
are coal and limestone.
5. Tsunami: Tsunami is a large sea wave 4. When you buy a pen, which branch of
occasionally experienced along the coasts Economics analyses your decision?
of Japan and in other regions caused by Ans:- Consumption.
underwater earthquake. In Japanese
language 'Tsunami' means 'harbour 5. Define Micro Economics?
waves'. Ans:- The word micro means very small and
6. Continental glacier: Continental glaciers micro economics implies study of
are extensive ice sheets found in Polar economics at a very small level. Micro
Regions E.g. Greenland and America. economics is the study of decision
7. Hot spring: Whenever warm or hot water making to use resources by individuals.
comes out naturally it is called hot spring
or thermal spring. They are usually found III. Answer the following in three or
near the volcanic regions. four sentences each:
1. What are economic activities?
Ans:- Man makes use of his skills and
labours to earn money and satisfies his
ECONOMICS wants by utilizing that money. In order to
earn money and wealth, and thereby
1. INTRODUCTION TO satisfy his wants, man engages himself in
ECONOMICS various activities. These activities are
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable called economic activities.
words:
1. The word ‘Economics’ originates from 2. Why do we need to study Economics?
the Greek root words _____ and ______ Ans: We need to study Economics because
2. The basic economic problems of every of the following important aspects-
individual is__________ and ________. a) It helps to understand and solve
3. The activities that generate income are problems of poverty, unemployment,
___________. economic inequality, etc.,
4. Micro Economics is the study of b) It helps to solve the problem of what to
________units. produce, how to produce, whom to
5. Macro Economics is the study of produce, etc.,
________ units. c) Economics identifies the reason for the
rise and fall of prices and the results of
Ans: (1) 'okos', 'nomos' (2) scarce such fluctuations.
resources and prioritize (3) economic d) Economics suggests ways to make use of
activity (4) small (5) ‘total’ or ‘large’. limited resources with care and
efficiency.
II. Answer the following in a sentence 3. Differentiate between micro and
each: macro economics?
1. What is Economics? Micro economics Macro Economis
Ans: Economics is a subject which studies 1. Micro economics 1. Macro economics
daily economic activities of man. studies individual studies about
buying and whole society.
selling. 2. The word macro
2. Define scarcity?
2. The word micro means ‘total’ or
Ans:- Scarcity is the fundamental economic ‘large’.
problem of having seemingly unlimited means very small.
3. Examples.. 3. Examples-
human wants in a world of limited national income,
resources. individual,
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households and total consumption
business firms, expenditure of the
decisions, satisfy country, Inflation 2. MEANING AND TYPES OF
of wants. etc.
ECONOMY
4. What are the basic economic I. Fill in the blanks with suitable
problems? words.
Ans:- The problems in Economics arise due 1. Economy refers to the nature of
to scarcity of resources which forces us to organization of ________________.
make a suitable choice. 2. NITI Ayog was set up in _____________.
i. What to produce? 3. Free enterprise is a basic feature of
ii. How to produce? ________ economy.
iii. For whom to produce? 4. Good example of capitalist economy
is______________.
5. What major economic decisions are 5. Co-existence of public and private
taken by the government? sectors is seen in____________.
Ans:- Every government mainly decides- 1. Ans:- (1) economic activities in a society,
The type and quantity of various (2) 2015, (3) Capitalist, (4) USA and
goods produced depends upon the many countries of Europe, (5) Mixed
resource availability on the one hand Economy.
and requirements of the people, on the
other. II. Answer the following after
2. Government produces goods which cut discussing them in groups:
the cost of production and efficient use of 1. What is an economy?
existing resources. Ans:- Economy is a man-made organization
3. Government has to decide the for the satisfaction of human wants.
distribution of scarce resources and
goods and services among all individuals. 2. Mention the features of capitalist
For instance, it may be availability of economic system.
food, basic education or primary health. i. Private property.
ii. Freedom of enterprise
6. Why do we need to study Economies? iii. Consumer’s Sovereignty.
 Recognize the scarcity of resources iv. Profit Motive.
against the unlimited wants; v. Competition, markets and prices.
 Prioritizing the use of resources and vi. Absence of government interference.
identifying more important and less
importation 3. What are the defects of capitalist
 Economize (save) on the use of resources system?
and search for more efficient ways of  Capitalist system focused on profit.
using the resources;  It emphasizes consumption- it doesn’t
 Engage in economic activity to support always guarantee that the basic needs of
family as well as the country; a person will be met.
 Contribute to government’s revenue and  It limits the government in enforcing air
assist it in discharge of its developmental play rules.
and welfare programmes;  Monopoly.
 Understand socio-economic problems of
the country like poverty, unemployment, 4. What is planning?
inflation, etc., and try to provide Ans:- Planning mechanism is used by the
solutions to the same; and government to prepare development
 Suggest better policies and better ways of plans and decide the roles to be
implementing policies for bringing about played by the private and public sectors
desired growth and development of the in the development of the economy. While
country. the public sector is under the direct
th
control of the government and works as India is low.
per production targets and plans  We have backward agricultural and
formulated the private sector is industrial sectors with low savings,
supported through incentives, support investment and capital formation.
and subsidies to work as per national  India has low standard of living, poor
priorities. health and sanitation, high infant
mortality, high birth and death rates and
5. How are economies classified on the poor infrastructure. So India considered a
basis of level of development? developing economy.
Ans:- On the basis of level of development,
economies can be classified into two
categories as (i) developed economy and
(ii) developing economy.
Developed countries have higher national
and per capita income, high savings and
investment and therefore, high rate of
capital formation.
Developing countries are low on the ladder
of development. They are also called as BUSINESS STUDIES
underdeveloped, backward or poor 1.COMPONENTS OF BUSINESS
countries. The national and per capita STUDIES
income in these countries is low. I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate
words in the following sentences:
6. How does government regulate the 1. The economic activity that provides
activities of the private sector in a technical or specialized personal services
mixed economy? to the consumers is called_____________.
 Industrial policies of 1948 and 1956 2. In olden days the goods were exchanged
formulated by the Indian government for a goods, which was called
made the provision for coexistence of the ____________ system of exchange.
public and private sectors, with a larger 3. The full responsibility of paper money
role for public sector. Basic and heavy vests with ___________.
industries were under the public sector. 4. The emergence of communities and
However, with the liberalisation of Indian villages took place during___________
economy since 1990s, the scope of stage.
private sector has further widened. 5. The main cause for International trade
 The private unit’s works with profit was _____________ .
motivation, government which work with 6. Trade and commerce contribute to the
welfare objective. economic development of a country by
 Public sector is under the direct control paying _____________ and ____________to
of the government. the government.
 The government policies influence the Ans:- 1. Profession, 2. Barter, 3.
prices significantly in a mixed economy. Government, 4. Agricultural, 5.
Industrial Revolution, 6. rates, taxes
7. What is disinvestment? and duties.
Ans:- Government is selling its shares of
public sector industries, which is called II. Answer each of the following
disinvestment. questions in two or three
sentences:
8. Why is India considered a developing 1. What is an economic activity?
economy? Ans:- The activities which are concerned
 India has all features of developing with the production and exchange of
economy. goods and services are called economic
 The national and per capita income in activities.
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connecting link between production and
2. Give the meaning of trade and consumption.
Commerce.
Ans:- Trade: Trade is nothing but buying 2. Explain the different types of
and selling of goods. economic activities.
Commerce: Any economic activity of human Ans:- Economic activities can be classified
being is considered commerce. It includes into 3 types they are:
production, business, industries, banking Business: It is mainly concerned with
etc. production and exchange of goods and
services.
3. What is meant by Barter system of Profession: It is mainly concerned with
exchange? rendering of specialized technical and
Ans:- The direct exchange of goods for personal services. Eg: Lawyer, Teacher,
goods or other things is called Barter Doctor etc.,
system of exchange. Employment: It is the work undertaken by
the people under an employer for salary
4. What is a profession? or wages. Eg: Agriculture laborers,
Ans:- Profession is mainly concerned with Industrial laborers.
rendering of specialized technical and
personal services. Ex- Lawyers, doctors, 3. What are the difficulties of Barter
charted accountants etc. System of exchange? How has money
solved these problems?
5. What are aids to trade? Name them. Ans:- Barter system problems/ difficulties:
Ans:- The facilities which are helpful for  Lack of double co-incidence of wants.
the development of trade is called aids  Lack of common measures of value.
to trade. It includes such as  Difficulty of sub division.
transportation, banking, storage facilities,  Difficulty to store the goods or to
advertisement agencies, insurance etc. transport.
6. What are craft guilds? Now money solved all these difficulties with
Ans:- A group/ organization of people who its quality to evaluate, store, transfer
do the same profession/ job such as value etc.
carpenters, blacksmith, weavers, builders
came into existence are called craft 4. Which are the important stages of
guilds. economic evolution? Briefly explain
any one.
III. Answer each of the following Ans:- The important stages of economic
questions in a paragraph: evolution are as follows.
1. How do production and exchange play 1) Hunting and fishing stage.
a very important role in our daily life? 2) Pastoral stage. 3) Agricultural stage.
Ans:- Production and exchange play a very 4) Handicraft stage.
dominant role in our daily life. The 5) Barter system stage.
producers produce goods according to the 6) Money economy stage.
demand for their goods in the market. 7) Town economy stage.
They want the help of market people, 8) International trade stage.
transportation, storage, advertisement
etc. The distribution of goods and
services is called exchange. Exchange is
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1st Semester Summative Exam (Model)
Marks- 40 Subject:- Social Science Time-90 Min.
I Four alternatives are given below. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete
answer along with its number. 5X1=5
1. The first inscription obtained in the kannada language is -------
A) Halmidi B) Talagunda C) Aihole D) Maski
2. The language of Roman’s is_____
A) Greek B) Roman C) English D) Latin
3. ‘Republic’ was the work of ______
A) Socrates B) Plato C) Euclid D) Plutarch
4. Culture means
A) Cultivate B) Good behavior C) Traditions D) customs
5. The Indian standard time is Based on
A) 23½º East Longitude B) 23½º West Longitude
C) 82½º East Longitude D) 82½º West Longitude
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each. 7 x1=7
6. What is excavation?
7. Give an example to the foreign literature?
8. Give a definition of political science.
9. Give an example of the cultural diversity in your environment.
10. Why did sedimentary rocks is called ‘aqueous rocks’?
11. Why the earth is called ‘Living planet’?
12. A student buys a note book and writes in it, what kind of economic activity is this?
III. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each. 6x2=12
13. How are Mummies preserved?
14. Why are the Northern and Southern hemispheres called ‘Land’ and Water’ hemispheres?
15. What are the ‘Triratnas’?
16. Name the important Indian Sociologists.
17. Explain the different types of economic activities?
18. Differentiate between micro and macro economics.
IV. Answer the following questions in six or seven sentences each . 3x3=9
19. Describe the special features of Harappa town.
20. Public administration is spread across the birth and death of an individual. Prove it.
21. ‘The Earthquakes are very dangerous and destructive’- Explain.
VI. Answer the following questions in eight to ten sentences each. 4x1=4
22. Why is India considered a developing economy?
VII. 23. Draw a neat India Map and mark the fallowing. 1+2=3
A) River Narmada B) Delhi
th
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2. gÁµÀÖçPÀÆlgÀ ±ÉÊPÀëtÂPÀ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ §UÉÎ §gÉ¬Äj.
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À lgÀ ¥ÀæªÄÀ ÄR ±ÉÊPÀëtÂPÀ
PÀ¯ÁåtzÀ ZÁ¼ÀÄPÀågÀÄ PÉÃAzÀæU¼
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I. ©lÖ ¸ÀÜ¼ÀUÀ¼À°è ¨sÀwð ªÀiÁr.  ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøvÀ, ªÉÃzÀ, eÉÆåÃwµÀå, vÀPÀð±Á¸ÀÛç, ¥ÀÅgÁtUÀ¼° À è
1. gÁµÀÖçPÀÆlgÀÀ ªÀA±ÀzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÁÜ¥ÀPÀ ______________ ²PÀët ¤ÃqÀÄwÛzÀÝgÀÄ.
2. gÁµÀÖçPÀÆlgÀ CªÀ£ÀwUÉ PÁgÀt£ÁzÀ PÀ¯ÁåtzÀ ZÁ®ÄPÀågÀ  ©eÁ¥ÀÅgÀ f¯ÉèAiÀÄ EAr vÁ®ÆèQ£À ¸Á¯ÉÆlV ¥ÀæªÄÀ ÄR
CgÀ¸À ______________ «zÁå PÉÃAzÀæU¼ À À¯ÉÆèAzÁVvÀÄÛ.
3. ‘PÀ«gÀºÀ¸åÀ ’ PÀÈwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß §gÉzÀª£ À ÀÄ ____________
4. ¥ÉÇ£Àß£ÀÄ gÀa¹zÀ ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ PÁªÀå ______________ 3. J¯ÉÆèÃgÀzÀ PÉÊ¯Á¸À zÉÃªÀ¸ÁÜ£ÀzÀ §UÉÎ §gÉ¬Äj.
5. PÀ¯Áåt ZÁ¼ÀÄPÀågÀ ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ zÉÆgÉ _____________
 gÁµÀÖçPÀÆl CgÀ¸ÀgÄÀ J¯ÉÆèÃgÀz° À è PÀ°è£À°è PÉÆgÉzÄÀ
6. ‘¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ PÁæAwAiÀÄ ºÀjPÁgÀ’ JAzÀÄ
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PÀgÉAiÀÄ§ºÀÄzÁzÀªg À ÀÄ ______________
¤ÃrgÀÄªÀ ªÀÄºÁ£ï PÁtÂPÉUÀ¼ÁVªÉ.
7. PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ ªÉÆzÀ® UÀæAxÀ _____________.
8. gÁµÀÖçPÀÆlgÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁædåPÉÌ ¨ÉÃn ¤ÃrzÀ CgÀ¨ï AiÀiÁwæPÀ  MAzÀ£ÉÃ PÀÈµÀÚ£ÀÄ PÉÆgÉ¹zÀ J¯ÉÆèÃgÁzÀ PÉÊ¯Á¸À
____________ ªÀÄA¢gÀªÅÀ KPÀ²¯ÉAiÀÄ CzÀÄãvÀ gÀZÀ£ÉAiÀiÁVzÉ.
9. PÀ¯ÁåtªÉA§ ºÉÆ¸À £ÀUÀgÀª£ À ÀÄß PÀnÖ gÁdzsÁ¤AiÀÄ£ÁßV  100 Cr JvÀÛgÀ, 276 Cr GzÀÝ ºÁUÀÆ 154 Cr
ªÀiÁrzÀ QÃwð ________ ¸À®ÄèvÀÛzÉ. CUÀ®ªÁVzÀÄÝ, §ÈºÀvï §AqÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉÆgÉzÄÀ PÀlÖ¯ÁVzÉ.
10. DgÀ£ÉAiÀÄ «PÀæªiÀ Á¢vÀå£ÀÄ ¸Á.±À. 1076gÀ°è ________  E°è ¥À¹ æ zÀÞ zÀ±ÁªÀvÁgÀ UÀÄºÁ®AiÀÄ«zÉ.
±ÀPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß DgÀA©ü¹zÀ£ÀÄ.
GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ- 1) zÀAwzÀÄUÀð 2) 2£ÉÃ vÉÊ®¥À 3) ºÁ¯ÁAiÀÄÄzsÀ 4. PÀ¯Áåt ZÁ¼ÀÄPÀågÀÄ ¸Á»vÀåPÉÌ AiÀiÁªÀ jÃw GvÉÛÃd£À
4) ±ÁAw¥ÀÄgÁt 5) «PÀæªÀiÁ¢üvÀå 6) §¸ÀªÉÃ±ÀégÀ/ §¸ÀªÀtÚ 7) ¤ÃrzÀgÀÄ?
`PÀ«gÁdªÀiÁUÀð' 8) ¸ÀÄ¯ÉÊªÀiÁ£ï 9) MAzÀ£ÉÃ ¸ÉÆÃªÉÄÃ±ÀégÀ¤UÉ
 PÀ¯Áåt ZÁ®ÄPÀågÀÄ ¸Á»vÀåPÉÌ ¥ÉÇæÃvÁìºÀ ¤Ãr PÀ£ÀßqÀ
10. ZÁ¼ÀÄPÀå «PÀæªÀÄ
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À ÂUÉUÉ «±ÉÃµÀ
CªÀPÁ±ÀU¼ À À£ÀÄß PÀ°à¹PÉÆlÖgÀÄ.
II. PÉ¼ÀPÀAqÀ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ ¸ÀAPÉëÃ¥ÀªÁV GvÀÛj¹.
1. gÁµÀÖçPÀÆlgÀ DqÀ½vÀ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ ºÉÃVvÀÄÛ?  eÉÊ£À «zÁéA¸ÀgÀ £Ég« À ¤AzÀ PÀ£ÀßqÀ ¸Á»vÀåªÀÅ C©üªÀÈ¢Þ
ºÉÆA¢vÀÄ.
 gÁµÀÖçPÀÆlgÀ gÁdvÀéªÀÅ ªÀA±À¥ÁgÀA¥ÀgÀåªÁVvÀÄÛ.
 gÀ£Àß£ÀÄ §gÉzÀ ‘UÀzÁAiÀÄÄzÀÞ’ (¸ÁºÀ¸À©üÃªÀÄ «dAiÀÄ),
 CgÀ¸ÀjUÉ ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä ªÀÄAwæ ªÀÄAqÀ®«gÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ.
zÀÄUÀð¹AºÀ£À ‘¥ÀAZÀvÀAvÀæ’, ©®ít£À ‘«PÀæªiÀ ÁAPÀzÃÉ ªÀ
ªÀÄAwæ ªÀÄAqÀ®zÀ°è «zÉÃ²Ã ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ £ÉÆÃrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀ
ZÀjvÀ’, £ÀAiÀÄ¸ÉÃ£À£À ‘zsÀªiÀ ÁðªÀÄÈvÀ’ ºÁUÀÆ
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«eÁÕ£ÉÃ±ÀégÀ£ÀÄ §gÉzÀ PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄ UÀæAxÀ ‘«ÄvÁPÀëgÀ’
 DqÀ½vÀzÀ C£ÀÄPÀÆ®PÁÌV ¸ÁªÀiÁædåªÀ£ÀÄß gÁµÀÖç ªÀÄÄRåªÁzÀ UÀæAxÀUÀ¼ÁVªÉ.
(ªÀÄAqÀ®), «µÀAiÀÄ, £ÁqÀÄ, UÁæªÀÄUÀ¼ÁV
 gÁd ªÀÄÆgÀ£ÉAiÀÄ ¸ÉÆÃªÉÄÃ±Àég£ À ÀÄ §gÉzÀ
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‘ªÀiÁ£À¸ÉÆÃ¯Áè¸À’ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøvÀ «±ÀéPÆ É Ã±Àª¤ É ¹zÉ.
 UÁæªÀÄzÀ ªÀÄÄRå¸ÀÜ¤UÉ UÁæªÀÄ¥Àw CxÀªÁ ¥Àæ¨ÀÄs UÁªÀÅAqÀ
 dUÀzÉÃPÀªÄÀ ®è£ÀÄ ‘¸ÀAVÃvÀ ZÀÆqÁªÀÄtÂ’ UÀæAxÀzÀ PÀvÀÈ.
JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀÄÄwÛzÀÝgÀÄ. UÁæªÀÄ ¸ÉÊ£ÀåPÉÌ FvÀ£ÉÃ ªÀÄÄRå¸ÀÜ.
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 ZÁ®ÄPÀågÀ PÁ®zÀ «²µÀ× PÉÆqÀÄUÉ ªÀZÀ£À ¸Á»vÀå. 2. ZÉÆÃ¼ÀgÀ D½éPÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR ®PÀëtUÀ¼À §UÉÎ §gÉ¬Äj.
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 UÁæªÀÄ ¸À¨sÉUÀ¼ÄÀ ¥Àæxª
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5. PÀ¯Áåt ZÁ¼ÀÄPÀågÀÄ PÀ¯ÁgÁzsÀPÀgÁVzÀÝgÀÄ JAzÀÄ ¸ÀªÀÄyð¹.
 vÀg-
À PÀÄgÀæA MAzÀÄ ºÀ½î. ¥Àæw PÀÄgÀæAUÀÆ ‘ªÀÄºÁ¸À¨sÁ’
 PÀ¯Áåt ZÁ¼ÀÄPÀågÀÄ PÀ¯ÁgÁzsÀPÀgÁVzÀÝgÀÄ. PÀ¯ÉAiÀÄ J£ÀÄßªÀ UÁæªÀÄ¸À¨sÉ E¢ÝvÀÄ. EzÀ£ÀÄß ‘¥ÉgÀÄAUÀÄj’ JAzÀÄ,
PÉëÃvÀæzÀ°è ¤ÃrzÀ PÉÆqÀÄUÉ C¥ÁgÀ. CzÀgÀ ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀ£ÀÄß ‘¥ÉgÄÀ ªÀÄPÀÌ¼ï’ JAzÀÄ PÀgA
É iÀÄ¯ÁUÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ.
 ®PÀÄÌArAiÀÄ PÁ²«±ÉéÃ±ÀégÀ, ElVAiÀÄ ªÀÄºÁzÉÃªÀ  ¸Àz¸
À ÀågÀ£ÄÀ ß ZÀÄ£ÁªÀuÉ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ Dj¸À¯ÁUÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ. ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøvÀ
zÉÃªÁ®AiÀÄ, PÀÄgÀÄªÀwÛAiÀÄ ªÀÄ°èPÁdÄð£À ªÀÄA¢gÀ, «zÁéA¸ÀgÄÀ ºÁUÀÆ ²æÃªÀÄAvÀgÄÀ ªÀiÁvÀæ F ZÀÄ£ÁªÀuÉUÉ
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EªÀgÀ PÉÆqÀÄUÉAiÀiÁVªÉ.
 F ªÀA±ÀzÀ CgÀ¸ÀgÄÀ £ÀÆgÁgÀÄ zÉÃªÁ®AiÀÄUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß 3. ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼ÀgÀÄ ¸Á»vÀåPÉÌ AiÀiÁªÀ jÃw ¥ÉÇæÃvÁìºÀ ¤ÃrzÀÝgÀÄ
¤«Äð¹ PÀ£ÀßqÀ £ÁqÀ£ÀÄß PÀ¯ÉUÀ¼À ©ÃqÀ£ÁßV JA§ÄzÀ£ÀÄß w½¹.
¥ÀjªÀwð¸ÀÄªÀ°è CªÀÄÆ®å PÉÆqÀÄUÉ ¤ÃrzÁÝgÉ.  ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼ÀgÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ°è PÀ£ÀßqÀ ¸Á»vÀåªÀÅ «¥ÀÅ®ªÁV
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s Ö£ÀÄ ‘dUÀ£ÁßxÀ «dAiÀÄ’ªÀ£ÀÄß PÀ«ZÀPæª À Àwð
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 ¸ÀAVÃvÀ, £ÀÈvÀå, PÀ¯É, D¨sÀgÀt ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ «µÀAiÀÄUÀ¼ÄÀ ‘ºÀj±ÀA
Ñ zÀæ PÁªÀå’ ºÁUÀÆ PÉÃ²ÃgÁd£ÀÄ ‘±À§ÝªÀÄtÂ
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‘¸ÀAVÃvÀ ZÀÆqÁªÀÄtÂ’ UÀæAxÀUÀ¼À°è ªÀåPÀÛªÁVªÉ.  ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøvÀzÀ®Æè gÁªÀiÁ£ÀÄeÁZÁAiÀÄðgÀ ²æÃ¨sÁµÀå,
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CzsÁåAiÀÄ -12 gÀavÀªÁzÀªÀÅ.
ZÉÆÃ¼ÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÁégÀ¸ÀªÀÄÄzÀæzÀ ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼ÀgÀÄ
4. ZÉÆÃ¼ÀgÀ MAzÀ£ÉAiÀÄ gÁdgÁd ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ CgÀ¸À£ÁVzÁÝ£É.
I. ©lÖ ¸ÀÜ¼ÀUÀ¼À°è ¨sÀwð ªÀiÁrj. ¸ÀªÀÄyð¹.
1. ZÉÆÃ¼ÀgÀ gÁdzsÁ¤ ______________
2. ZÉÆÃ¼ÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ°èzÀÝ ¥Àæw UÁæªÀÄUÀ¼À ¥ÀæeÁ¥Àæw¤¢üUÀ¼À ¸ÀÜ sÉ É  MAzÀ£ÉAiÀÄ gÁdgÁd£ÀÄ ±ÀÆgÀ, ±ÉæÃµÀ× AiÉÆÃzsÀ ºÁUÀÆ
___________ J£ÀÄßwÛzÀÝgÀÄ. zÀPÀë DqÀ½vÀUÁgÀ£ÁVzÀÝ£ÀÄ.
3. CvÀåAvÀ ¥Àæ¹zÀÞªÁzÀ ZÉÆÃ¼À «zÁåPÉÃAzÀæ CxÀªÁ CUÀæºÁgÀ  ZÉÆÃ¼À gÁdåzÀ ²°àAiÀiÁV CzÀgÀ vÀ¼º À À¢AiÀÄ£ÀÄß
______________ DVvÀÄÛ. ¨szÀ À ª
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À Ár vÀ £ À ß gÁdåªÀ £ À Ä ß «¸À Û j ¹zÀ £À Ä .
4. ZÉÆÃ¼ÀgÀÄ PÀnÖ¹zÀ ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ §½ EgÀÄªÀ ¨ÉÃUÀÆj£À  ZÉÃgÀgÀ£ÀÄß, UÀAUÀg£ À ÀÄß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÁAqÀågÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÉÆÃ°¹zÀ£ÀÄ.
zÉÃªÁ®AiÀÄ ____________  £ËPÁ ¸ÉÊ£ÀåªÀ£ÀÄß ¤«Äð¹ ²æÃ®APÁªÀ£ÀÄß
5. ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼ÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ CAUÀgÀPëÀPÀ ¥ÀqÉ ___________ ªÀ±À¥r À ¹PÉÆAqÀ£ÀÄ.
6. gÁWÀªÁAPÀ£ÀÄ gÀa¹zÀ PÁªÀå ______________
7. ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼ÀgÄÀ ²®àP¯ À ÉUÉ _________ PÀ®è£ÀÄß §¼À¹zÀgÀÄ.  ªÀÄ¯ÉÃ²AiÀiÁ, ¹AUÀ¥ÅÀ gÀUÀ¼À°è EA¢UÀÆ vÀ«Ä¼ÀgÀ
8. ZÉÆÃ¼ÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ°è ¥ÀæwUÁæªÀÄzÀ®Æè ______ JA§ ¥Áæ § ®åªÀ £À Äß UÀ ª Ä
À ¤¸À §ºÀ Ä zÀ Ä.
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¥ÁægÀA©ü¹ EA¢UÀÆ ªÀÄÄAzÀÄªÀj¹PÉÆAqÀÄ §A¢zÉ.
GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ:- 1) vÀAeÁªÀÇgÀÄ 2) ªÀÄºÁ¸À¨sÉ 3) GvÀÛgÀ  FvÀ£ÀÄ PÀnÖzÀ vÀAeÁªÀÇj£À §ÈºÀ¢Ã±ÀégÀ zÉÃªÁ®AiÀÄªÀÅ
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§¼À¥ÀzÀ ªÀÄÈzÀÄ 8) Hgï.
5. ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼À gÁd «µÀÄÚªÀzsÀð£À£À §UÉÎ MAzÀÄ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.
II. PÉ¼ÀPÀAqÀ ¥Àæw ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀÆ ¸ÀAPÉëÃ¥ÀªÁV GvÀÛj¹.  F ªÀA±ÀzÀ ±ÉæÃµÀ× zÉÆgÉAiÀiÁzÀ FvÀ£ÀÄ ZÉÆÃ¼ÀjAzÀ
1. ZÉÆÃ¼À ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ ²°à AiÀiÁgÀÄ? UÀAUÀªÁrAiÀÄ£ÀÄß UÉzÄÀ Ý ‘vÀ®PÁqÀÄUÉÆAqÀ’ JA§ ©gÀÄzÀÄ
ZÉÆÃ¼ÀgÀ ¥ÀæªÄÀ ÄR gÁd MAzÀ£ÉAiÀÄ gÁdgÁd£À£ÀÄß ¥Àqz É À£ÀÄ.
ZÉÆÃ¼À ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ ²°à JAzÀÄ PÀgA É iÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ.
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 gÁªÀiÁ£ÀÄeÁZÁAiÀÄðgÀÄ vÀªÀÄä «²µÁÖzÉéöÊvÀ vÀvÀéªÀ£ÀÄß EwºÁ¸ÀzÀ°è MAzÀÄ zÉÆqÀØ ªÉÄÊ°UÀ¯ÁèVzÉ.
ZÉÆÃ¼À gÁdåzÀ°è ¥ÀæZÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀzÃÉ ©nÖzÉÃªÀ£À  «±Àé¸ÀA¸ÉÜ 1948 r¸ÉA§gï 10gÀAzÀÄ ¥ÀæwAiÉÆAzÀÄ
(«µÀÄª
Ú Àzð
sÀ £À) D±ÀæAiÀÄzÀ°è §AzÀÄ £É¯É ¤AvÀÄ gÁµÀÖçUÀ¼ÀÄ PÀqÁØAiÀÄªÁV J¯Áè jÃwAiÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ
PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÁzÀåAvÀ ¥ÀæZÁgÀ ªÀiÁrzÀgÄÀ . ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀAgÀQë¸ÀÄªÀ PÀÄjvÀÄ ¤zÉÃð²¹zÉ.
2. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÀ ¸ÀªÀðvÉÆÃªÀÄÄR C©üªÀÈ¢ÞUÉ

CUÀvÀåªÁVªÉ ¸ÀªÄÀ yð¹j.
gÁdå±Á¸ÀÛç  ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌU¼ À ÀÄ ªÀåQÛAiÀÄ ¸ÀªÁðAVÃt C©üªÀÈ¢ÞUÉ
CzsÁåAiÀÄ -3 CUÀvåÀ ªÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ ºÁUÀÆ «±Á®ªÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼ÀÄ  ¥ÀæPÀÈwzÀvÀÛªÁV ªÀiÁ£Àª¤
À UÉ zÉÆgÉvÀªÅÀ UÀ¼ÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
I. SÁ° ©nÖgÀÄªÀ eÁUÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¨sÀwð ªÀiÁrj.  EªÀÅUÀ¼ÄÀ ªÀiÁ£Àª£
À À WÀ£ÀvÉ UËgÀªÀU¼
À À£ÀÄß ºÉa¸
Ñ ÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
1. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌU¼ À À WÉÆÃµÀuÉ _______gÀ°è ªÀiÁqÀ¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ.  EzÀÄ ªÀiÁ£Àª£ À À C©üªÀÈ¢Þ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ±ÁAw ºÁUÀÆ
2. ªÀiÁåUÀßPÁlðPÉÌ __________ gÁd£ÀÄ ¸À» ªÀiÁrzÀ£ÀÄ. ¸ÀºÀ¨Á¼ÉéAiÀÄ fÃªÀ£À ¤ªÀðºÀuÉUÉ CUÀvÀåªÁVzÉ.
3. ¥Àæ¸ÄÀ ÛvÀ __________ ªÀÄÆ®¨sÀÆvÀ ºÀPÀÄÌU½ À ªÉ.  ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥ÀæeÁ¥Àæ¨ÀÄs vÀé gÁµÀÖçzÀ DzsÁgÀ¸ÛÀA¨sÀ
4. D¹Û ºÀPÀÄÌ __________ ºÀPÁÌVzÉ. UÀ¼ÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
5. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌU¼ À À DAiÉÆÃUÀ CzsåÀ PÀëgÀ£ÀÄß __________
 ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌU½À AzÀ ¥ÀæwAiÉÆ§âgÀÄ GvÀÛªÀÄ fÃªÀ£À
£ÉÃªÀÄPÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
£Àq¸É À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀåªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
6. ªÀiÁ£Àª£ À À ºÀPÀÄÌU¼ À À ªÀÄÆ®ªÀ£ÀÄß __________ £ÀUg À ÀUÀ¼À°è
UÀÄgÀÄw¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  EzÀjAzÀ GvÀÛªÀÄ ¸ÀªÀiÁd ¤ªÀiÁðtªÁUÀ®Ä
7. ªÀåQÛAiÀÄ £ÉÊ¸ÀVðPÀ ºÀPÀÄÌU¼ À À ¥Àæw¥ÁzÀPÀ _____________ ¸ÀºÀPÁjAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
8. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌÅUÀ¼À G®èAWÀ£ÉAiÀiÁzÁUÀ ¸ÀªÇÉ ÃðZÀÑ  ¥ÀæwAiÉÆ§â ªÀiÁ£Àª£À ÀÄ UËgÀªÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ WÀ£ÀvÉ¬ÄAzÀ
£ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄªÀÅ _______ ºÉÆgÀr¸ÀÄªÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ gÀQë¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ. §zÀÄPÀ®Ä ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼ÄÀ CUÀvåÀ ªÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
9. ¨sÁgÀvÀ zÉÃ±Àz° À è ªÀiÁ»w ºÀPÀÄÌ PÁ¬ÄzÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ______  ªÀiÁ£Àª£
À À ¸Àªð À vÉÆÃªÀÄÄR C©üªÀÈ¢ÞUÉ CUÀvåÀ ªÁzÀ
gÀ°è eÁjUÉÆ½¸À¯ÁVzÉ. CA±ÀUÀ¼ÉÃ ªÀiÁ£Àª£À À ºÀPÄÀ ÌU¼
À ÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ:- 1) 1948 2) EAUÉèÃAr£À gÁd eÁ£ï 3) DgÀÄ 3. ¸ÀªÉÇÃðZÀÑ £ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄªÀÅ ªÀÄÆ®¨sÀÆvÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À
4) ¸ÀA«zsÁ£ÁvÀäPÀ 5) gÁµÀÖç¥Àw 6) CxÉ£ïì ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁàmÁð 7) ¸ÀAgÀPÀëPÀªÁVzÉ «ªÀÄ²ð¹j.
eÁ£ï¯ÁPï 8) DeÉÕ(jmï) 9) 2005
 ªÀÄÆ®¨sÀÆvÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀåQÛAiÀÄ ¸ÀªÁðAVÃt C©üªÀÈ¢ÞUÉ
CUÀvåÀ ªÁVzÀÄÝ, zÉÃ±ÀzÀ ¸ÀA«zsÁ£À¢AzÀ gÀQë¸À®ànÖgÄÀ vÀÛªÉ.
II. PÉ¼ÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ UÀÄA¥ÀÄUÀ¼À°è ZÀað¹ GvÀÛj¹.
1. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À ¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹j.  EªÀÅUÀ¼À G®èAWÀ£ÉAiÀiÁzÁUÀ ¸ÀªÇÉ ÃðZÀÑ £ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄ
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ GZÀÑ £ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄUÀ¼ÄÀ DeÉÕ(jmï) ºÉÆgÀr¸ÀÄªÀ
 ªÀiÁ£Àª£ À À ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®ªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÁæaÃ£À VæÃPï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
ªÀÄÆ®PÀ gÀQë¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
gÉÆÃªÀÄ£ï £ÀUgÀ À gÁdåUÀ¼ÁzÀ CxÉ£ïì ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
¸ÁàmÁðUÀ¼° À è UÀÄgÀÄw¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  EªÀÅUÀ¼ÄÀ ¤¢ðµÀÖªÁVzÀÄÝ, ¸ÀA«zsÁ£À¢AzÀ
¤ÃqÀ®ànÖgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
 Qæ.±À. 1215gÀ°è ªÀiÁåUÀßPÁlð CxÀªÁ ªÀÄºÁ¸À£ÀßzÀÄ
EAVèµï ¸ÁA«zsÁ¤PÀ PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄUÀ¼À gÀZÀ£ÉAiÀÄ ªÉÄÃ¯É
4. gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À DAiÉÆÃUÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À
¥Àæ¨Ás ªÀ ©ÃjgÀÄªÀ LwºÁ¹PÀ ªÀÄºÀvÀé¥ÀÇtðªÁzÀ ¸À£ÀßzÀÄ
¸ÀAgÀPÀëPÀ. ¸ÀªÀÄyð¹j.
DVzÉ.
 gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÄÀ ÌUÀ¼À DAiÉÆÃUÀ ±Á¸À£ÁvÀäPÀ
 ªÀåQÛAiÀÄ £ÉÊ¸ÀVðPÀ ºÀPÀÄÌU¼ À À PÀÄjvÀÄ eÁ£ï¯ÁPï ªÉÆzÀ®
¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀiÁVzÉ.
¨ÁjUÉ ªÀåªÀ¹ÜvÀªÁzÀ aAvÀ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁrzÀgÄÀ .
8
 1993gÀ°è ¸ÀA¸ÀwÛ£À ±Á¸À£ÀzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ gÀa¸À¯ÁVzÉ. EzÀÄ GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ- 1) UÁæªÀÄ ¥ÀAZÁAiÀÄw CzsÀåPÀë/ G¥ÁzsÀåPÀë 2) 2.5
ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À G®èAWÀ£ÉAiÀÄ «ZÁgÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀµÀð 3) 400 4) 20,000 5) 11 6) ¥Á°PÉ ¸ÀzÀ¸Àå/
ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÁ¥ÉÆÃðgÉÃlgï 7) £ÀUÀgÀ 8) §qÁªÀuÉ CxÀªÁ ªÁqïð 9)
 EzÀÄ M§â CzsåÀ PÀëgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £Á®ÄÌ ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀ£ÄÀ ß gÁdå ¸ÀPÁðgÀ 10) ¥ÀAZÁAiÀÄvï C©üªÀÈ¢Þ C¢üPÁj (PDO).
M¼ÀUÆÉ ArgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. CzsåÀ PÀëgÀÄ ¸ÀªÇÉ ÃðZÀÑ £ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄzÀ
¤ªÀÈvÀÛ £ÁåAiÀiÁ¢üÃ±ÀgÁVgÀ¨ÃÉ PÀÄ. II. PÉ¼ÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ UÀÄA¦£À°è ZÀað¹ GvÀÛgÀ §gÉ¬Äj.
1. ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA ¸ÀPÁðgÀzÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÉÃ£ÀÄ?
 F DAiÉÆÃUÀªÅÀ gÁµÀÖçzÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌU¼ À À
1. ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwAiÀÄ D¹ÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀQë¹ PÁ¥ÁrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ.
¸ÀAgÀPëÀP£
À ÁVzÉ.
2. ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ªÀÄAqÀ½AiÀÄ ªÁ¶ðPÀ DAiÀÄªÀåAiÀÄzÀ ªÀÄÄAUÀqÀ
 EzÀÄ ¤µÀàPëÀ¥ÁvÀªÁV, ¸ÀévÀAvÀæªÁV ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁéAiÀÄvÀÛªÁV ¥ÀvÀæ vÀAiÀiÁj¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.
PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄªÀAvÉ C¢üPÁgÀU¼ À À£ÀÄß ¤ÃqÀ¯ÁVzÉ. 3. DgÉÆÃUÀå ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÄlÄA§ PÀ¯Áåt AiÉÆÃd£ÉU¼ À À£ÀÄß
PÉÊUÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ.
5. gÁdå ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À DAiÉÆÃUÀ PÀÄjvÀÄ «ªÀj¹j. 4. gÀ¸ÛÉ ¤ªÀiÁðt, «zÀÄåwÛÃPÀgt À , UÀÈºÀ¤ªÀiÁðt ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
 ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À PÁAiÉÄÝ 1993gÀ£ÀéAiÀÄ gÁdåUÀ¼° À è gÁdå PÀÄrAiÀÄÄªÀ ¤Ãj£À ¸ÀgÀ§gÁdÄ ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ C©üªÀÈ¢Ý
ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À DAiÉÆÃUÀª£ À ÀÄß gÀa¸À¯ÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÉ®¸ÀU½ À UÉ PÁAiÀÄðAiÉÆÃd£É gÀÆ¦¹ C£ÀÄµÁ×£ÀUÆ É ½¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.
 EzÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ºÀPÄÀ ÌU¼ À À G®èAWÀ£ÉAiÀÄ «ZÁgÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß 5. ¥Áæ x À « ÄPÀ
, ¥Ëæ q s À , ªÀ A iÀ Ä¸À Ì g À ªÀ Ä vÀÄ Û C£Ë¥À Z ÁjPÀ ±ÉÊPÀëtÂPÀ
ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÉÆæÃvÁì»¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.
6. vÀªÀÄä ¥ÀæzÃÉ ±ÀU¼ À À°è ¸ÀéZÀÒvÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤ªÀÄð°ÃPÀgÀtªÀ£ÀÄß
 F DAiÉÆÃUÀªÅÀ M§â CzsåÀ PÀëgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ E§âgÀÄ ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀ£ÄÀ ß
PÁ¥ÁqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.
M¼ÀUÆÉ ArgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. CzsåÀ PÀëgÀÄ GZÀÑ £ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄzÀ ¤ªÀÈvÀÛ
7. J¯Áè ¥ÀæPÁgÀzÀ ªÀiÁ°£ÀåUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß vÀqÉUÀnÖ GvÀÛªÀÄ
ªÀÄÄRå £ÁåAiÀiÁ¢üÃ±ÀgÁVgÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀÄ GZÀÑ
DgÉÆÃUÀåPÀgÀ ¸Àª® À vÀÄÛUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß MzÀV¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.
£ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄzÀ ¸ÉÃªÉAiÀÄ°ègÀÄªÀ CxÀªÁ ¤ªÀÈvÀÛ
8. CªÀ±åÀ PÀ ¥ÀrvÀgU À À¼ÁzÀ DºÁgÀzsÁ£Àå, ¹ÃªÉÄJuÉÚ EvÁå¢UÀ¼À
£ÁåAiÀiÁ¢üÃ±ÀgÁVgÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. CxÀªÁ f¯Áè
«vÀgu À ÉUÉ ¸ÀÆPÀÛ ªÀåªÀ¸ÜÉ AiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¤«Äð¹ ¸Àª® À vÀÄÛUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
£ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄzÀ°è PÀ¤µÀ× 7 ªÀµÀðUÀ¼ÄÀ £ÁåAiÀiÁ¢üÃ±ÀgÁV
MzÀV¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.
¸ÉÃªÉ ¸À°è¹gÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ.
9. d£À£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄgÀtUÀ¼À £ÉÆÃAzÀtÂ ¥ÁæªÀiÁtÂPÀªÁV
 EªÀgÀ£ÀÄß gÁdå¥Á®gÀÄ £ÉÃªÀÄPÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÉ. DUÀÄwÛgÀÄªÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß SÁwæ ¥Àr¹PÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ.
10. PÀÈ¶, ¥À±ÀÄ¸ÀAUÉÆÃ¥À£,É SÁ¢ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀgÀPÀÄ±À®
GzÉÆåÃUÀUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ¥ÉÆæÃvÁì»¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.
CzsÁåAiÀÄ - 4
¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀPÁðgÀ 2. UÁæªÀÄ¥ÀAZÁ¬Äw gÀZÀ£É PÀÄjvÀÄ §gÉ¬Äj.
 UÁæªÀÄ ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV d£À¸A
À SÉåAiÀÄ
I. SÁ° ©lÖ ¸ÀÜ¼ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀÆPÀÛ ¥ÀzÀUÀ½AzÀ vÀÄA©j.
DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É gÀavÀUÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÀÛªÉ.
1. UÁæªÀÄ¸À¨Ás CzsÀåPÀëvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß __________ ªÀ»¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
2. UÁæªÀÄ¥ÀAZÁ¬Äw CzsÀåPÀëgÀ C¢üPÁgÀªÀ¢ü ____ ªÀµÀðUÀ¼ÄÀ .  MlÄÖ 5000 ¢AzÀ 7000 d£À¸A À SÉåUÀ½gÀÄªÀ UÁæªÀÄ
3. UÁæªÀÄ ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwAiÀÄ°è __________ d£À¸A À SÉåUÉ M§â CxÀªÁ UÁæªÀÄUÀ¼ÄÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ ÆºÀPÉÌ UÁæªÀÄ ¥ÀAZÁ¬Äw
¸Àz¸À ÀågÀ£ÄÀ ß DAiÉÄÌ ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. gÀa¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
4. ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ £ÀUg À À f¯ÉèAiÀÄ°è __________ d£À¸A À SÉåUÉ  ªÀÄ¯É£ÁqÀÄ f¯ÉèUÀ¼°
À è 2500QÌAvÀ ºÉZÀÄÑ
M§â ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀ£ÄÀ ß DAiÉÄÌ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÉ. d£À¸A À SÉåUÀ½gÀÄªÀ UÁæªÀÄ CxÀªÁ UÁæªÀÄUÀ¼À ¸ÀªÄÀ ÆºÀPÉÌ
5. PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÀ°è MlÄÖ ________ ªÀÄºÁ£ÀUg À À ¥Á°PÉUÀ½ªÉ. UÁæªÀÄ ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀa¹¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
6. £ÀUg À À¥Á°PÉ ¸ÀzÀ¸åÀ gÀÄ: PË¤ì®gï: : ªÀÄºÁ£ÀUg À À ¥Á°PÉ:  UÁæªÀÄ ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwAiÀÄ ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ vÀªÀÄä
________ ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwAiÀÄ «ÄwUÉÆ¼À¥l À Ö ¥ÀæzÃÉ ±Àz°À è£À
7. 50 ¸Á«gÀ¢AzÀ 3 ®PÀëzÉÆ¼ÀV£À d£À¸A À SÉåAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀAiÀÄ¸ÀÌªÀÄvÀzÁgÀjAzÀ ZÀÄ£ÁªÀuÉAiÀÄ°è DAiÉÄÌUÆ É ¼ÀÄîvÁÛgÉ.
ºÉÆA¢gÀÄªÀ ¥ÀæzÉÃ±Àª£ À ÀÄß _____ JAzÀÄ ªÀVÃðPÀj¸À¯ÁVzÉ.
 ¥Àæw 400 d£À¸A À SÉåUÉ M§â ¥Àæw¤¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß DAiÉÄÌ
8. £ÀUg À ÀªÅÀ aPÀÌaPÀÌ ZÀÄ£ÁªÀuÁ «¨sÁUÀUÀ¼ÁV
ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
«AUÀqu À ÉUÆ É AqÀÄ ________ JAzÀÄ PÀgA É iÀÄ®ànÖª.É
9. f¯Áè ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwAiÀÄ ªÀÄÄRå PÁAiÀÄð ¤ªÀðºÀuÁ¢üPÁj  F UÁæªÀÄ ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwUÀ¼À°è ¥Àj²µÀÖ eÁw, ¥Àj²µÀÖ
(CEO) AiÀÄ£ÁßV _________ £ÉÃ«Ä¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¥ÀAUÀq,À »AzÀÄ½zÀ ªÀUÀð ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄjUÉ «ÄÃ¸À®Ä
10. UÁæªÀÄ ¥ÀAZÁ¬ÄwAiÀÄ PÁAiÀÄð¥Á®£ÉUÁV __________ ¸ÁÜ£ÀU½
À ªÉ.
AiÀÄ£ÀÄß £ÉÃ«Ä¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
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3. ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA ¸ÀPÁðgÀUÀ¼À DzÁAiÀÄzÀ ªÀÄÆ®UÀ¼ÀÄ  £ÀUgÀ ÀªÅÀ aPÀÌaPÀÌ ZÀÄ£ÁªÀuÁ «¨sÁUÀUÀ¼ÁV
AiÀiÁªÀÅªÀÅ? «AUÀqu À ÉUÆ
É AqÀÄ §qÁªÀuÉ CxÀªÁ ªÁqïð JAzÀÄ
1. ¤ÃgÀÄ, DgÉÆÃUÀå, ²PÀët, UÀæAxÁ®AiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀgÉAiÀÄ®ànÖª.É
ªÁZÀ£Á®AiÀÄUÀ¼À ªÉÄÃ°£À G¥ÀPÀg¢ À AzÀ ¸ÀAUÀæºÀªÁUÀÄªÀ
 ¥Àæw ªÁrð¤AzÀ M§â ¥Á°PÉ ¸ÀzÀ¸Àå
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ZÀÄ£Á¬ÄvÀ£ÁUÀÄvÁÛ£É. F ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥ÀævÀåPÀëªÁzÀ
2. PÀlÖqÀ vÉjUÉ, SÁ° eÁUÀzÀ vÉjUÉ, ªÁåªÀºÁjPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À
ªÀÄvÀzÁ£ÀzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ZÀÄ£Á¬ÄvÀgÁUÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
ªÉÄÃ°£À vÉjUÉ, ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖ, ªÀÄ£ÀgA À d£ÁªÀÄA¢gÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
eÁ»ÃgÁvÀÄUÁgÀjAzÀ ªÀ¸ÀÆ¯ÁUÀÄªÀ MlÄÖ vÉjUÉ ªÉÆvÀÛ.  ¥Á°PÉUÀ¼®
À Æè ¸ÀºÀ ¤AiÀÄªÀiÁ£ÀÄ¸ÁgÀ ¥Àj²µÀÖ eÁw,
3. ¥ÀæªÁ¹ vÁtUÀ½AzÀ ¸ÀAUÀæ»¹zÀ vÉjUÉ. ¥Àj²µÀÖ ¥ÀAUÀq,À »AzÀÄ½zÀ ªÀUð À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄ»¼Á
4. ¥ÀAZÁAiÀÄvï D¹ÛUÀ½AzÀ §gÀÄªÀ ¨ÁrUÉ ºÀt. «Ä¸À¯Áw C£ÀÄ¥Á®£ÉAiÀiÁUÀÄwÛzÉ.
5. gÁdå¸ÀPÁðgÀzÀ zsÀ£À ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ CxÀªÁ C£ÀÄzÁ£ÀÀ ªÉÆvÀÛ.  ªÀÄºÁ¥ËgÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ G¥À-ªÀÄºÁ¥ËgÀgÀÄ ¥Á°PÉAiÀÄ
£ÁAiÀÄPÀgÀÄUÀ¼ÄÀ J¤¹PÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÁÛgÉ. EªÀgÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥Á°PÉAiÀÄ
4. £ÀUÀgÀ ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼À PÀÄjvÀÄ n¥ÀàtÂ ¸Àz¸
À ÀågÀÄUÀ½AzÀ ZÀÄ£Á¬Ä¸À®àqÀÄvÁÛgÉ. EªÀgÀÄUÀ¼À
§gÉ¬Äj. C¢üPÁgÁªÀ¢üAiÀÄÄ MAzÀÄ ªÀµÀðªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
 DAiÀÄ-ªÀåAiÀÄ ¥ÀnÖ vÀAiÀiÁj¹ ªÀÄAqÀ½¬ÄAzÀ  ªÀÄºÁ¥ËgÀgÄÀ ¥Á°PÉAiÀÄ ¸À¨sÉUÀ¼À CzsåÀ PÀëvÉ ªÀ»¹,
C£ÀÄªÉÆÃzÀ£É ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄªÀÅzÀÄ. ¸À¨sÉAiÀÄÄ PÉÊUÉÆAqÀ wÃªÀiÁð£ÀU¼
À À£ÀÄß
 £ÀUg
À À CxÀªÁ ¥ÀlÖtzÀ ¸ÀA¥ÀÀÇtð DqÀ½vÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀvÀUÆ
É ½¸ÀÄªÀ PÀæªÀÄ vÉUÉzÄÀ PÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÁÛgÉ.
£ÉÆÃrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ.  ªÀÄºÁ¥ËgÀgÀÄ ¥Á°PÉAiÀÄ PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀðºÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
 GvÀÛªÀÄ £ÀUg À À AiÉÆÃd£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß vÀAiÀiÁj¹ ¤AiÀÄAwæ¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
PÁAiÀÄðgÀÆ¥ÀPÉÌ vÀgÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.  ¸ÀªÄÀ xÀð DqÀ½vÀ ¤ÃqÀ®Ä ¸ÁÜ¬Ä ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼£
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 GvÀÛªÀÄªÁzÀ gÀ¸ÛÉ, ¸ÁjUÉ ªÀåªÀ¸ÜÉ , ¤ÃgÀÄ ¸Àg§ À gÁdÄ, gÀa¹PÉÆ¼Àî¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
²PÀët, «zÀÄåZÀÒQÛ, ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖ, DgÉÆÃUÀå ºÁUÀÆ E¤ßvÀgÉ  ¥Á°PÉAiÀÄ PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀðºÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥Á°PÉAiÀÄ
¸Àª®À vÀÄÛUÀ¼£
À ÀÄß GvÀÛªÀÄ jÃwAiÀÄ°è MzÀV¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ. DAiÀÄÄPÀÛgÀÄ £ÉÆÃrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÁÛgÉ. ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV ¨sÁgÀwÃAiÀÄ
 £ÀUg
À ÀU¼
À À°è M¼ÀZÀgA
À r ªÀåªÀ¸ÜÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ WÀ£ÀvÁådå ªÀ¸ÄÀ ÛUÀ¼À DqÀ½vÀ ¸ÉÃªÉAiÀÄ (IAS) C¢üPÁjAiÀÄÄ F ºÀÄzÉÝAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
«¯ÉÃªÁjUÉ ¸ËPÀAiÀÄð PÀ°à¹ ¸ÀéZÒÀ vÉ PÁ¥ÁqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ. C®APÀj¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
 PÀlÖqÀ ¤ªÀiÁðtPÉÌ ¥Àgª À Á£ÀV ¤ÃqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, £ÀUg À À ¸À¨sÉAiÀÄ
6. £ÀUÀgÀ ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À §UÉÎ §gÉ¬Äj.
PÀlÖqÀU¼À ÀÄ ºÁUÀÆ D¹ÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀQë¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ.
F £ÀUg À À ¥ÀæzÃÉ ±ÀU¼ À À d£ÀgÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ ¸ÉåUÀ½UÉ ¥ÀjºÁgÀ MzÀV¸ÀÄªÀ
 d£À£À ªÀÄgÀtUÀ¼À £ÉÆÃAzÀtÂ ªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ. ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ £ÀUg À À ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA¸ÀPÁðgÀU¼ À ÀÄ J£ÀÄßªÀgÀÄ.
 QæÃqÁAUÀt, ªÀÄ£ÀgA À d£Á ªÀÄA¢gÀ, GzÁå£Àª£ À ÀU¼
À À£ÀÄß £ÀUgÀ À ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼° À è ªÀÄÆgÀÄ §UÉ CªÀÅUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉ:
¤«Äð¹ CªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ. 1. £ÀUg À À ¥Á°PÉ (ªÀÄºÁ£ÀUg À À ¥Á°PÉ) - ¥ÀæªÄÀ ÄR£ÀUg À ÀUÀ¼ÄÀ .
 £ÀUgÀ ÀzÀ PÉÆ¼ÉUÉÃjªÁ¹UÀ½UÉ ¸ËPÀAiÀÄð MzÀV¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀgÀ 2. £À U g
À À ¸À ¨ s É U ¼
À À Ä CxÀ ª Á ¥À Å
À gÀ ¸¨À U
s É À ¼ À Ä - £À UgÀ À ¥À l ÖtUÀ¼ÄÀ .
ªÀÄÆ®PÀ C°è£À ¤ªÁ¹UÀ¼À fÃªÀ£ª À ÀÄlÖ ¸ÀÄzsÁj¸ÀÄªÀAvÉ 3. zÀAqÀÄ ¥ÀæzÃÉ ±ÀzÀ ¨sÁUÀ - gÀPÀëuÁ ¥ÀqA É iÀÄ »rvÀzÀ°ègÀÄªÀ
£ÉÆÃrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ. ¥ÀæzÃÉ ±À.
d£À¸A À SÉå, ªÀgª À ÀiÁ£À, ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¹ÜwUÀwUÀ¼À
5. ªÀÄºÁ£ÀUÀgÀ ¥Á°PÉAiÀÄ PÀÄjvÀÄ §gÉ¬Äj. DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É gÁdå ¸ÀPÁðgÀªÅÀ ¥ÀæzÃÉ ±ÀªÉÇAzÀ£ÀÄß £ÀUÀgÀ
CxÀªÁ ¥ÀlÖtªÉAzÀÄ WÉÆÃ¶¸ÀÄªÀ C¢üPÁgÀ ºÉÆA¢zÉ.
 JgÀqÀÄ ®PÀëQÌAvÀ ºÉZÀÄÑ d£À¸ÀASÉå ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉÆÃnVAvÀ®Æ
ºÉZÀÄÑ DzÁAiÀÄ«gÀÄªÀ £ÀUÀgÀ¥æz À ÉÃ±ÀU¼À À°è ªÀÄºÁ£ÀUg À À EªÀÅUÀ¼ÄÀ «±ÉÃµÀªÁzÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÄÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C¢üPÁgÀªÀ£ÀÄß
ºÉÆA¢zÀÄÝ ªÀgÀªiÀ Á£ÀzÀ ªÀÄÆ®UÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢ªÉ.
¥Á°PÉUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß gÀa¸À¯ÁVzÉ.
 £ÀUg
À À ¥Á°PÉAiÀÄ ¸Àz¸
À ÀågÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ZÀÄ£ÁªÀuÉUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ
ZÀÄ£Á¬ÄvÀgÁV ¥Á°PÉ ¸Àz¸ À Àå (Corporator)
J¤¹PÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÁÛgÉ. ¸ÀªÀiÁd±Á¸ÀÛç
 F ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀÄUÀ¼À ¸ÀASÉå d£À¸A À SÉå DzsÁjvÀªÁVzÀÄÝ CzsÁåAiÀÄ -3
¸ÁzsÁgÀtªÁV 30jAzÀ 100gÀªg À ÉUÉ EgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¥Á°PÉ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÀÄ
UÁvÀæª£
À ÀÄß ¸ÀPÁðgÀ ¤zsÀðj¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
I. SÁ° ©nÖgÀÄªÀ eÁUÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀÆPÀÛ ¥ÀzÀUÀ½AzÀ vÀÄA©j.
1. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ ______ §AiÀÄPÉUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ¥ÀÇgÉÊ¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
2. PÀÄlÄA§ MAzÀÄ _________ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜ.
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3. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀUÁð¬Ä¸ÀÄªÀ 4. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ ¥ÀæPÁgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀÅªÀÅ?

__________ DVªÉ. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ ¥ÀæPÁgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ- gÀÆrü, PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄ,
4. zsª À ÀÄðªÀÅ ªÀiË®åUÀ¼À _____ UÉ ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÀÄlÄA§ ªÀåªÀ¸ÜÉ , «ªÁºÀ ¥ÀzÀÞw, gÁdåªÀåªÀ¸ÜÉ , zsÀªÄÀ ð. E£ÀÆß
5. zsÀªÄÀ ðªÀÅ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ _______ CwªÀÄÄRå ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀªÁVzÉ. ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀªÅÀ UÀ¼ÄÀ .
6. ___________ PÀÄlÄA§ ªÀåªÀ¸ÜÉ AiÀÄ vÀ¼º À À¢AiÀiÁVzÉ.
7. »A¢¤AzÀ®Æ §AzÀ ¥ÀgA
À ¥ÀgÉU¼
À ÀÄ, ¯ÉÆÃPÀgÆ À rü, III.PÉ¼ÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ £Á¯ÉÌöÊzÀÄ ªÁPÀåzÀ°è GvÀÛj¹.
PÀlÄÖ¥ÁqÀÄUÀ¼ÄÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À ______¤AiÀÄªÀÄUÀ¼ÁVªÉ. 1. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ½UÀÆ ¸ÀªÀiÁdPÀÆÌ EgÀÄªÀ ¸ÀA§AzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß
8. MAzÀÄ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è£À EgÀÄªÀ J¯Áè ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ «ªÀj¹.
¥ÀgÀ¸àÀgÀ _______ ªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀÄvÀÛªÉ. o ¸ÀªiÀ Ád«zÀÝ°è ªÀiÁvÀæ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ½gÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
9. ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è ¤AiÀÄªÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀÄÄjzÀgÉ, ²PÉë, ¤AzÀ£É,  J¯Áè ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ F ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ°èAiÉÄ d£Àä
§»µÁÌg,À zÀAqÀ ºÁPÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ ____________ DVzÉ. vÁ½ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°èAiÉÄ C¹ÜvÀézÀ°ègÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ- 1) ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£À ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ 2) ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ 3) ¸ÁzsÀ£À  ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ J¯Áè ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdUÀ¼°
À èAiÀÄÆ
4) ¥Àæ¸ÁgÀ 5) ¤AiÀÄAvÀætzÀ 6) «ªÁºÀªÀÅ 7) C°TvÀ 8) ¸ÀºÀ PÀAqÀÄ§gÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
¸ÀA§AzsÀ 9) ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¤AiÀÄAvÀæt.  J¯Áè ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ C«¨sÁdå
CAUÀU¼
À ÁVªÉ.
II. PÉ¼ÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛj¹j.  MAzÀÄ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è EgÀÄªÀ J¯Áè ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ
1. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? ¥Àg¸
À ÀàgÀ ¸ÀºÀ ¸ÀA§AzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
£ÀªÄÀ ä D¸É DPÁAPÉë FqÉÃj¸À®Ä ¹ÜgÀªÁV
¸ÁÜ¥À£ÉAiÀiÁVgÀÄªÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜ JAzÀÄ 2. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀiÁzÀ zsÀªÀÄðzÀ DzÀ±ÀðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß w½¹.
ºÉÃ¼ÀÄvÁÛgÉ. 1. ¸ÁªÀiÁfÃPÀgÀtzÀ PÁAiÀÄð: zsÀªÄÀ ðªÀÅ ¸ÁªÀiÁfÃPÀgt À zÀ
¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è EgÀÄªÀ gÀÆrü, PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄ, PÀÄlÄA§ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ, §ºÀ¼À ªÀÄÄRå ªÁºÀPÀªÁVzÉ.
«ªÁºÀ ¥ÀzÞÀ w, gÁdåªÀåªÀ¸ÜÉ E£ÀÆß ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀªÅÀ UÀ¼ÄÀ 2. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ LPÀåvÉ : zsÀªÄÀ ðªÀÅ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ºÉÆAzÁtÂPÉUÉ
¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ . DPÀgª
À ÁVzÉ. ¸ÀvåÀ , C»A¸É, ¥ÁæªÀiÁtÂPÀvÉ EvÁå¢ zsÁ«ÄðPÀ
ªÀiË®åUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ LPÀåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀÄÆr¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
2. PÀÄlÄA§zÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß w½¹. 3. ªÀiË®åUÀ¼À ¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÉ: ¥ÁæªÀiÁtÂPÀvÉ, £ÁåAiÀÄ, ¸ÀªiÀ Á£ÀvÉ,
PÀÄlÄA§zÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ C»A¸É, ªÉÆzÀ¯ÁzÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ªÀiË®åUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß G½¹PÉÆAqÀÄ
1. ¸ÀzÀ¸ÀågÀ ¥ÉÇÃµÀuÉ : PÀÄlÄA§ªÀÅ £ÁªÀÅ d¤¹zÀ ¢£À¢AzÀ §gÀ®Ä zsª À ÀÄðªÀÅ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁj ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀªÁVzÉ.
£ÀªÄÀ ä ¥Á®£É, ¥ÉÇÃµÀuÉ ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÀÄlÄA§ªÀÅ vÀ£Àß 4. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¤AiÀÄAvÀæt : zsÀªÄÀ ðªÀÅ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¤AiÀÄAvÀætzÀ
J®è ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀ ¥ÉÇÃµÀuÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÄÀ ÄR vÁt. Cw ªÀÄÄRå ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀªÁVzÉ.
2. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¨sÀzÀævÉ: vÀªÀÄä J¯Áè ¸ÀzÀ¸åÀ jUÉ J¯Áè jÃwAiÀÄ
¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¨sz À ÀævÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀÄlÄA§ªÀÅ ¤ÃqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. 3. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀiÁzÀ PÀÄlÄA§zÀ ¸ÀzÀ¸Àå£ÁV ¤ªÀÄä
3. ¸ÁªÀiÁfÃPÀgÀt: PÀÄlÄA§zÀ°è ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀÄ ªÀÄPÀÌ½UÉ ¥ÁvÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀnÖ ªÀiÁrj.
¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è ºÉÃUÉ ªÀåªÀºÀj¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ, ºÉÃUÉ £Àqz É ÀÄPÉÆ¼Àî¨ÉÃPÀÄ,
 ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀiÁzÀ PÀÄlÄA§zÀ ¸Àz¸ À Àå£ÁV £À£Àß£ÀÄß
EvÁå¢UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÁªÀiÁfÃPÀgÀtzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ PÀÄlÄA§ªÀÅ
£À£Àß PÀÄlÄA§ vÀÄA¨Á ZÉ£ÁßV ¥ÉÆÃµÀuÉ ªÀiÁrzÉ.
PÀ°¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
DzÀÝjAzÀ £Á£ÀÄ £À£Àß PÀÄlÄA§zÀ°è EgÀÄªÀ CfÓ-vÁvÀ,
C¥Àà-CªÀÄä, aPÀÌªÀgÀÄ, C±ÀPÀÛgÀÄ, »jAiÀÄgÀÄ J®ègÀ£ÀÆß
3. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀÅªÀÅ?
GvÀÛªÀÄªÁV £ÉÆÃrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ
¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ-
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À ÀævÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß CªÀg®
É èjUÀÆ MzÀV¸ÀÄªÀ dªÁ¨ÁÝjAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
1) ¸ÁªÀðwæPv À É : ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ J¯Áè
£Á£ÀÄ ¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄvÉÛÃ£É.
¸ÀªiÀ ÁdUÀ¼° À èAiÀÄÆ PÀAqÀÄ§gÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
2) ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼° À è ¤¢ðµÀÖ ¤AiÀÄªÀÄUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ  £À£ÀUÉ £À£Àß PÀÄlÄA§ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁfPÀgÀtUÉÆ½¹zÀAvÉ, £Á£ÀÄ
¤AiÀÄAwæ¹ ¤zÉÃð²¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ. PÀÆqÀ £À£Àß ªÀÄÄA¢£À ¦Ã½UÉUÉ F ¸ÀªiÀ ÁfÃPÀgt À PÉÌ
3) ªÀÄÆ®¨sÀÆvÀ CªÀ±åÀ PÀvÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀÇgÉÊ¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ : £ÀªÄÀ ä ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÉÛÃ£É.
ªÀÄÆ®¨sÀÆvÀ CªÀ±åÀ PÀvÉUÀ¼ÁzÀ ªÀ¸w À , ¯ÉÊAVPÀ §AiÀÄPÉ, ¸ÀAvÁ£À  PÀÄlÄA§zÀ°è £À£ÀUÉ MzÀV¹zÀ ¥ÁvÀæªÀ£ÀÄß CAzÀgÉ £À£Àß
C©üªÀÈ¢Þ, ªÀåQÛvÀé ¨É¼Àªt À ÂUÉ EvÁå¢ CUÀvåÀ UÀ¼£
À ÀÄß ¥ÀÇgÉÊ¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. vÀAzÉ vÁ¬ÄUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛªÀÄ ªÀÄPÀÌ¼ÁV, »jAiÀÄjUÉ
4) °TvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C°TvÀ ¤Ãw ¤AiÀÄªÀÄUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÉ. ªÉÆªÀÄäUÀ£ÁV, vÀªÀÄä vÀAVUÉ GvÀÛªÀÄ CtÚ£ÁV £À£Àß
5) MAzÀÄ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è EgÀÄªÀ J¯Áè ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ ¥Á°£À PÀvÀðªÀåªÀ£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄvÉÛÃ£É.
¥Àg¸À ÀàgÀ ¸ÀºÀ ¸ÀA§AzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
4. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀiÁzÀ «ªÁºÀ PÀÄjvÀÄ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.
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«ªÁºÀ JAzÀgÃÉ ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄ»¼É, 9) ¸Á.±À.¥ÀÇ. 3000 gÀ ¸ÀÄªÀiÁjUÉ £ÉÃV®

eÉÆvÉAiÀiÁV fÃªÀ£À £ÀqÉ¸À®Ä ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ C£ÀÄªÀÄw ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀ£ÉAiÉÆA¢UÉ ______ DgÀA¨sU À ÉÆArvÀÄ.
¥ÀqzÉ ÀÄPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀ ¥ÀæQæAiÉÄ. «ªÁºÀÀªÅÀ ºÉtÄÚ UÀAqÀÄ 10) _________ ¥ÀzÝÀ wAiÀÄÄ MAzÀÄ eÁwAiÀÄ d£ÀgÀ£ÀÄß
eÉÆÃrAiÀiÁUÀ®Ä ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ C£ÀÄªÉÆÃzÀ£É ¤ÃqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ªÀÄvÉÆÛAzÀÄ eÁwAiÀÄ ªÉÄÃ¯É CªÀ®A©¸ÀÄªÀAvÉ ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ.
«ªÁºÀzÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ 11) gÀd¥ÀÇvÀgÀÄ ºÉÆA¢zÀ _____ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ______ JA§
1. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ C£ÀÄªÀÄw : «ªÁºÀªÀÅ ºÉtÄÚ UÀAqÀÄ ©gÀÄzÀÄUÀ¼ÄÀ d«ÄÃ£ÁÝgÀ ªÀUÀðzÀªg
À À ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÁVzÀÝªÀÅ.
eÉÆÃrAiÀiÁUÀ®Ä ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ C£ÀÄªÉÆÃzÀ£É ¤ÃqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. 12) ______ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdªÀÅ ±ÀæªÀÄ «¨sÀd£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉZÁÑV
«ªÁºÀªÀÅ ¥ÀÅgÀÄµÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄjUÉ PËlÄA©PÀ CªÀ®A©¹gÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
fÃªÀ£PÀ ÌÉ ¥ÀæªÉÃ±ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¤ÃqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
2. PÀÄlÄA§ ¸ÁÜ¥À£ÉUÉ vÀ¼ÀºÀ¢ : ¸ÀAvÁ£ÉÆÃvÀàwÛ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄPÀÌ¼À GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ- 1) ²¯ÉAiÀÄ 2) ¥ÁætÂ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÉÃV®£ÀÄß 3) ±ÀæªÀÄ
¨É¼É¸ÄÀ «PÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁªÀiÁfÃPÀgt À zÀ ¥ÀæQæAiÉÄUÀ¼ÄÀ PÀÄlÄA§zÀ «¨sÀd£É 4) ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð 5) PÉÊUÁjPÁ 6) ¨ÉÃmÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DºÁgÀ
£Ég«
À £ÉÆA¢UÉ £ÀqA É iÀÄÄvÀÛªÉ. ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ ¸ÀªÀiÁd 7) ‘UÁæ«ÄtÂ’ 8) UÁæªÀÄ 9) ‘PÀÈ¶PÁæAw’ 10)
3. «ªÁºÀ«zÁÝUÀ ªÀiÁvÀæ ºÀÄnÖzÀ ªÀÄUÀÄ vÀ£Àß vÀAzÉ- eÁeïªÀiÁ¤ ¥ÀzÀÞw 11) gÁAiÀiï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÁt 12) PÉÊUÁjPÀ
vÁ¬ÄAiÀÄgÀ PÀÄlÄA§zÀ D¹ÛUÉ GvÀÛgÀzÁ¬ÄvÀéªÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÀªÀiÁd
ºÉÆA¢gÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
II. PÉ¼ÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛj¹j.
5. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉAiÀiÁV zsÀªÀÄðzÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀÅªÀÅ? 1. ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ ¥ÀæPÁgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀÅªÀÅ?
zsÀªÀÄðzÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ- 1) ¨ÉÃmÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DºÁgÀ ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ ¸ÀªÀiÁd.
1. ¸ÁªÀiÁfÃPÀgt À zÀ PÁAiÀÄð: ¸ÀA¥ÀæzÁAiÀÄUÀ¼ÄÀ , zsÁ«ÄðPÀ 2) ¥À±ÀÄ¥Á®£À ¸ÀªiÀ Ád.
«¢üU¼ À ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DZÀgÀuÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß £ÀqÉ¸ÄÀ ªÀÅzÀgÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ 3) PÀÈ¶ ¸ÀªiÀ Ád.
¸ÀvåÀ ¸ÀAzsv À É, ¸ÀºÀPÁgÀ, ¤gÀ¥ÃÉ PÀëvÉ, ¸ÀºÀ£É, vÁåUÀ, ±ÁAw EvÁå¢ 4) UÁæ«ÄÃt ¸ÀªiÀ Ád.
ªÀiË®åUÀ¼À ¥Àæ¸ÁgÀz° À è zsÀªÄÀ ð £ÉgªÀ ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. 5) £ÀUg À À ¸ÀªiÀ Ád.
2. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ LPÀåvÉ : zsÀªÄÀ ðªÀÅ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ºÉÆAzÁtÂPÉUÉ 6) PÉÊUÁjPÁ ¸ÀªiÀ Ád.
DPÀgª À ÁVzÉ. ¸ÀvåÀ , C»A¸É, ¥ÁæªÀiÁtÂPÀvÉ EvÁå¢ zsÁ«ÄðPÀ 7) ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀªiÀ Ád.
ªÀiË®åUÀ¼ÁVzÀÄÝ. F ªÀiË®åUÀ¼ÄÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ LPÀåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
PÁ¥ÁrPÉÆ¼Àî®Ä ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄPÀªÁVªÉ. 2. ¥À±ÀÄ¥Á®£À ¸ÀªÀiÁd JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?
3. ªÀiË®åUÀ¼À ¸ÀAgÀPëÀuÉ : ¥ÁæªÀiÁtÂPÀvÉ, £ÁåAiÀÄ, ¸ÀªiÀ Á£ÀvÉ, d£ÀgÄÀ vÀªÀÄä fÃªÀ£ÁzsÁgÀPÌÉ ¥À±ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß (zÀ£À,
C»A¸É, ªÉÆzÀ¯ÁzÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ªÀiË®åUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß G½¹PÉÆAqÀÄ JªÉÄä, ºÀ¸ÀÄ, PÀÄj, DqÀÄ, EvÁå¢) »AqÀÄ »AqÁV ¸ÁPÀÄªÀ
§gÀ®Ä zsÀªÄÀ ðªÀÅ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁj ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀªÁVzÉ. ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdªÀ£ÀÄß ¥À±ÀÄ¥Á®£À ¸ÀªÀiÁd JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀÄ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
3. PÀÈ¶AiÀÄÄ ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ°è ºÉÃUÉ ªÀÄºÀvÀéªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀqÉ¢zÉ.

o PÀÈ¶AiÀÄÄ J¯Áè fÃ«UÀ½UÉ DºÁgÀ GvÁàzÀ£ÉAiÀÄ ªÀÄÄRå
CzsÁåAiÀÄ -4 ªÀÄÆ®ªÁVzÉ.
 ¨sÁgÀvÀz°À è ¸ÀÄªÀiÁgÀÄ DgÀÄ ®PÀëzÀµÀÄÖ EgÀÄªÀ PÀÈ¶
¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ ¥ÀæPÁgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ UÁçªÀÄUÀ¼ÄÀ ¨sÁgÀwÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøw ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÀgA
À ¥ÀgÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
I. SÁ° ©nÖgÀÄªÀ eÁUÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀÆPÀÛ ¥ÀzÀUÀ½AzÀ vÀÄA©j. G½¹ªÉ.
1. ¨ÉÃmÉAiÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀÄ, ¨ÉÃmÉAiÀiÁqÀ®Ä
 zÉÃ±ÀzÀ §ºÀÄ¸ÀASÁåvÀ d£ÀU¼
À ÀÄ EA¢UÀÆ
________ DAiÀÄÄzsU À À¼À£ÀÄß G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
UÁæªÀÄUÀ¼°
À èAiÉÄÃ ªÁ¹¸ÀÄwÛzÁÝgÉ.
2. PÀÈ¶ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è G¼ÀÄªÉÄUÉ ________ §¼À¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
3. PË±À®åzÀ PÉ®¸À ºÀAZÀÄªÀÅzÀPÌÉ ______ JAzÀÄ ºÉ¸g À ÀÄ.  PÀÈ¶ PÉëÃvÀçzÀ°è vÀªÀÄä fÃªÀ£ÆÉ Ã¥ÁAiÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß
4. PÉÊUÁjPÀ ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ°è ¸ÁjUÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ __________ PÀAqÀÄPÉÆArgÀÄvÁÛgÉ. UÁæ«ÄÃt ¥ÀæzÃÉ ±Àz° À è ±ÉÃPÀqÀ
ºÉZ¼ ÀÑ ÀªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. 59gÀµÀÄÖ ¥ÀÅgÀÄµÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ±ÉÃPÀqÀ 75gÀµÀÄÖ ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄgÀÄ
5. AiÀiÁAwæPÀ GvÁàzÀ£É _______ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è DUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. fÃªÀ£Æ É Ã¥ÁAiÀÄPÉÌ PÀÈ¶AiÀÄ£ÀÄß£ÉÃgÀªÁV CªÀ®A©¹zÁÝgÉ.
6. ___________ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è ¸ÀA¥ÀvÀÛ£ÀÄß ¸ÀA¥Á¢¸ÀÄªÀ
D¸É E®è. 4. PÉåUÁjPÁ ¸ÀªÀiÁd JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?
7. ªÀÄºÁ¨sÁgÀvÀz° À è UÁæªÀÄzÀ ªÀÄÄRå¸ÀÜ¤UÉ ________ JAzÀÄ ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ°è GvÁàzÀ£ÉAiÀÄÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ±ÀæªÀÄ¢AzÀ
PÀgÉAiÀÄ¯ÁVzÉ. £ÀqA É iÀÄzÉÃ AiÀÄAvÀæZÁ°vÀ vÁAwæPv À É¬ÄAzÀ £ÀqÉAiÀÄÄªÀ,
8. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdªÀÅ _________ JA§ vÉÆnÖ®°èAiÉÄÃ ±ÀæªÀÄ«¨sÀd£ÉAiÀÄ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ªÉåeÁÕ¤PÀ «zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
«PÁ¸ÀªÁVzÉ JAzÀÄ ¨ÉÆÃUÁqÀð¸ï C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄ¥ÀnÖzÁÝgÉ. GvÁàzÀ£ÉAiÀÄ°è §¼À¸ÀÄªÀ ºÁUÀÆ ±ÀQÛ ªÀÄÆ®UÀ¼£ À ÀÄß
ºÀÄqÀÄPÀÄªÀ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdªÉÃ PÉÊUÁjPÁ ¸ÀªÀiÁd.
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5. ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀªÀiÁdªÀÅ EAzÀÄ CvÀåAvÀ ªÉÃUÀªÁV eÉÆvÉV£À ¸ÀA§AzsÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÈ¶ ZÀlÄªÀnPÉ DzsÁgÀz°
À è
¨É¼ÉAiÀÄÄwÛgÀÄªÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÀªÀÄyð¹. PÀÈ¶ ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ gÀZÀ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß UÀÄgÀÄw¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
 ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀªiÀ Ád J£ÀÄßªÀÅzÀÄ J®è ªÀUð À zÀªj
À UÀÆ  d«ÄÃ£ÁÝj, gÉÊvÀªÁj ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄºÀ¯ïªÁj ¥ÀzÝÀ wUÀ¼ÄÀ
CªÀ±åÀ PÀªÁVgÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¥ÁæªÀÄÄRåvÉ ¥ÀqÉ¢zÉ. gÉÊvÀjUÉ ¨sÀÆ«ÄAiÀÄ DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯ÉAiÉÄ PÀAzÁAiÀÄ ¤UÀ¢ü
 EA¢£À DzsÀÄ¤PÀvÉ ºÁUÀÆ £ÀUg À À fÃªÀ£ÀzÀ ¸ÀÄ®°vÀ ªÀiÁrzÀÝ ¥ÀzÝÀ wAiÀiÁVvÀÄÛ.
¸Ë®¨såÀ UÀ½UÁV ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdªÉÃ DzsÁgÀªÁVzÉ.  E£ÀÆß UÉÃtÂ ¥ÀzÝÀ wAiÀÄAvÀÆ ¥ÀÆtð ¥ÀæªiÀ ÁtzÀ°è gÉÊvÀ
 F ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è d£ÀgÄÀ K£ÉÃ ¸Ë®¨såÀ UÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÉÆA¢zÀÝ ¨sÆ À «ÄAiÀÄ£Éß ªÀÄÄRå DzsÁjªÁVlÄÖPÉÆAqÀÄ
PÀÄAzÀÄ PÉÆgÀvÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß £ÉgÀªÃÉ j¹PÉÆ¼Àî®Ä ªÀiÁ»w PÀAzÁAiÀÄ ¤UÀ¢ ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ PÀÈ¶AiÀÄ£ÀÄß
¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ PÀqÉ ªÉÆgÉ ºÉÆÃUÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀºÀdªÁVzÉ. ¤AiÀÄAwæ¸ÀÄwÛzÀÝgÀÄ.
 ªÀÄÄA¢£À fÃªÀ£PÀ ÉÌ CªÀ±åÀ PÀvÉ EgÀÄªÀ ²PÀët, ªÁtÂdå,
4. PÉÊUÁjPÁ ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀnÖªÀiÁr.
PÉÊUÁjPÉ,É E£ÀÆß ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ CA±ÀUÀ½UÉ ¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÀAvÉ
PÉÊUÁjPÁ ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀªiÀ Ád ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄPÀªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
1. PÉÊUÁjPÁ DzsÁjvÀ DyðPÀvÉ: §AqÀªÁ¼À±Á» ªÀUð À ,
PÁ«ÄðPÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀtÚ ªÁå¥ÁjUÀ¼ÁV «¨sÁUÀUÀ¼ÁUÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
III. PÉ¼ÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ £Á¯ÉÌöÊzÀÄ ªÁPÀåzÀ°è GvÀÛj¹.
E°è £ÀqA É iÀÄÄªÀ §ºÀÄvÉÃPÀ DyðPÀ ZÀlÄªÀnPÉUÀ¼ÀÄ PÉÊUÁjPÉUÉ
1. ¨ÉÃmÉAiÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ºÁUÀÆ DºÁgÀ ¸ÀAUÀæ»¸ÀÄªÀ ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ
¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÉÝÃ DVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
fÃªÀ£À ±ÉÊ°AiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.
2. zÀÄrªÉÄAiÀÄ°è ªÀÈwÛ¥ÀgÀvÉ: vÁAwæPÀ PÉ®¸ÀUÀ¼ÄÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CzÀPÉÌ
 ¨ÉÃmÉAiÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ºÁUÀÆ DºÁgÀ ¸ÀAUÀæ»¸ÀÄªÀ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdªÀÅ ¨ÉÃPÁzÀ PË±À®å, eÁÕ£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀg¨ À ÉÃw EªÀÅ CUÀvåÀ ªÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
¨ÉÃmÉAiÀiÁqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, «ÄÃ£ÀÄUÁjPÉ ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, eÉÃ£ÀÄ 3. ¸ÁjUÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð: §ºÀÄ«¸ÀÛøvÀªÁzÀ ¸ÁjUÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
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PÁAiÀÄðªÁVvÀÄÛ. 4. ªÀ®¸ÉAiÀÄ ºÉZÀÑ¼À: PÉÊUÁjPÁ PÁæAwAiÀÄ £ÀAvÀgÀ ªÀ®¸ÉAiÀÄÄ
 E°è ªÀAiÀÄ¸ÀÄì ªÀÄvÀÄÛ °AUÀzÀ DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É ºÀ½îUÀ½AzÀ £ÀUÀgU À À¼À PÀqÉUÉ ºÉZÁÑVzÉ.
¸ÁÜ£ÀªiÀ Á£À ¤UÀ¢AiÀiÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
 ¸ÀA¥ÀvÀÛ£ÀÄß ¸ÀA¥Á¢¸ÀÄªÀ D¸É E°è EgÀ°®è. 5. ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀªÀiÁd PÀÄjvÀÄ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.
 ºÀAaPÉÆAqÀÄ §zÀÄPÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ F ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ ®PÀëtªÁVvÀÄÛ.  ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è d£ÀgÄÀ K£ÉÃ ¸Ë®¨sÀåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
PÀÄAzÀÄPÉÆgÀvÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß £ÉgÀªÉÃj¹PÉÆ¼Àî®Ä ªÀiÁ»w
 ¨ÉÃmÉ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è d£ÀgÄÀ vÀªÀÄä DºÁgÀPÉÌ ¥ÁætÂUÀ¼£
À ÀÄß
¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ PÀqÉ ªÉÆgÉ ºÉÆÃUÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀºÀdªÁVzÉ.
PÀ°è£À CAiÀÄÄzsU
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 ªÀÄÄA¢£À fÃªÀ£PÀ ÉÌ CªÀ±åÀ PÀvÉ EgÀÄªÀ ²PÀët, ªÁtÂdå,
2. ¥À±ÀÄ¥Á®£À ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß w½¹. PÉÊUÁjPÉ,É E£ÀÆß ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ CA±ÀUÀ½UÉ ¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÀAvÉ
ªÀiÁ»wUÉ ¸ÀªÀiÁd ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄPÀªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
 d£ÀgÄÀ vÀªÀÄä fÃªÀ£ÁzsÁgÀPÌÉ ¥À±ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß (zÀ£À, JªÉÄä,
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PÀgÉAiÀÄ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  PÀA¥ÀÆålgï eÁÕ£ÀzÀ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀªÅÀ E°è ºÉZÁÑVzÀÄÝ
 F ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è ¸ÀÄªÀiÁgÀÄ £ÀÆgÀjAzÀ- ¸Á«gÀzµ
À ÀÄÖ eÁÕ£À «Ä¤ªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ ªÀÄÄRå ªÀÄÆ® EzÉÃ DVzÉ.
d£ÀjgÀÄvÁÛgÉ. PÀA¥ÀÆålgïUÀ¼ÄÀ ªÀiÁ»w PÀtdªÁUÀÄwÛªÉ.
 ¥À±ÀÄ¥Á®£ÉAiÀÄÄ F ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR
PÉ®¸ÀªÁVvÀÄÛ.
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¸ÀAUÀæ»¸ÀÄ«PÉ PÉ®¸ÀUÀ¼À°è vÉÆqÀVgÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
3. ¨sÀÆ«Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÈ¶UÉ EgÀÄªÀ ¸ÀA§AzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

 PÀÈ¶ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è £ÀqA É iÀÄÄªÀ ¥ÀæªÄÀ ÄR DyðPÀ
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8
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CzsÁåAiÀÄ - 3 ªÀÄÄRåªÁzÀÄzÀÄ.
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ªÁAiÀÄÄUÉÆÃ¼À QgÀtUÀ¼£
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I. ©nÖgÀÄªÀ ¸ÀÜ¼ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÀÆPÀÛ ¥ÀzÀ¢AzÀ ¨sÀwðªÀiÁrj. fÃªÀgÁ²UÀ¼£ À ÀÄß gÀQë¹zÉ.
1. ªÁAiÀÄÄUÉÆÃ¼ÀzÀ JgÀqÀÄ ¥ÀæªÄÀ ÄR C¤®UÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉ
 F Cw£ÉÃgÀ¼É (C¯ÁÖçªÉÊ¯Émï) QgÀtUÀ¼ÄÀ fÃªÀgÁ²UÉ
________ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ________
CvÀåAvÀ ªÀiÁgÀPÀ CA±ÀªÁVzÉ.
2. ªÁAiÀÄÄUÉÆÃ¼ÀzÀ CvÀåAvÀ PÉ¼¸ À ÀÛgÀ ________ DVzÉ.
3. ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀæªÀÄlÖzÀ°è ªÁAiÀÄÄUÉÆÃ¼Àzz À À ¸ÀgÁ¸Àj MvÀÛqÀªÅÀ
4. ±ÁAvÀªÀ®AiÀÄ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? CzÀÄ J°è PÀAqÀÄ§gÀÄvÀÛzÉ?
________ DVzÉ.
4. ¥À²ÑªÄÀ ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀU¼À À£ÀÄß ________ JAzÀÆ PÀgÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ. ¸ÀªÄÀ ¨sÁdPÀªÀÈvÀÛ¢AzÀ 5 GvÀÛgÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ 5 zÀQët
5. ºÀªÁUÀÄtzÀ §UÉÎ ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀªÁV CzsåÀ AiÀÄ£À ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ±Á¸ÀÛç CPÁëA±Àzª À ÀgVÉ £À ¨sÁUÀªÅÀ ªÀµÀðªÉ¯Áè ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð£À ®A§ªÁzÀ
________ DVzÉ. QgÀtUÀ¼£À ÀÄß ¥ÀqA É iÀÄÄªÀÅzÀÄ. EzÀjAzÀ ªÁAiÀÄÄ ºÉZÀÄÑ
6. ªÁAiÀÄÄUÉÆÃ¼ÀzÀ zÀ¥àÀ ¸ÀÄªÀiÁgÀÄ ___________ DVzÉ. GµÁÚA±À¢AzÀ PÀÆrgÀÄvÀÛzÉ ºÁUÀÆ E°è ªÁAiÀÄÄ ZÀ®£É
7. ¸ÀªÆ É ÃµÀÚªÄÀ AqÀ®ªÀÅ ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð¤AzÀ §gÀÄªÀ __________ PÀrªÉÄ. F ªÀ®AiÀÄªÀÅ ¥Àæ±ÁAvÀªÁVzÀÄÝ (calm)
QgÀtUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß »ÃjPÉÆAqÀÄ ¨sÆ À «ÄAiÀÄ fÃªÀgÁ²UÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ®WÀÄªÀiÁgÀÄvÀUÀ½gÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ EzÀ£ÀÄß ‘±ÁAvÀª® À AiÀÄ’
gÀQë¹zÉ. (Doldrum) JAzÀÆ PÀgÉAiÀÄÄªÀgÀÄ.
8. ªÁAiÀÄÄ«£À MvÀÛqÀª£ À ÀÄß C¼ÉAiÀÄ®Ä §¼À¸ÀÄªÀ G¥ÀPÀgÀt EzÀÄ ¸ÀªÀÄ¨sÁdPÀªÀÈvÀÛzÀ PÀrªÉÄ MvÀq Û À ¥ÀæzÉÃ±À zÀ°è
________ PÀAqÀÄ§gÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
9. _________ ¥ÀæzÃÉ ±ÀzÀ ªÀ®AiÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß C±Àé CPÁëA±ÀUÀ¼À
ªÀ®AiÀÄ JAvÀ®Æ PÀgÉAiÀÄÄªÀgÀÄ. 5. ¤gÀAvÀgÀ ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀUÀ¼À «zsÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹.
10. ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀU¼ À À£ÀÄß ¨sÁgÀvÀz° À è ______ J£ÀÄßªÀgÀÄ. 1) ªÁtÂdå ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀUÀ¼ÀÄ (Trade Winds)
11. ___________ UÀ¼À d£À¦æAiÀÄ ºÉ¸g À ÀÄ ‘PÀÄzÀÄgÉ¨Á®’zÀ 2) ¥Àæw ªÁtÂdå ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀUÀ¼ÀÄ (Anti trade Winds)
ªÉÆÃqÀU¼ À ÀÄ. 3) zsÀÄæ«ÃAiÀÄ ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀU¼ À ÀÄ (Polar Winds)
12. ªÀÄAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ- ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀU½ À UÉ JzÀÄgÁVgÀÄªÀ ¨sÁUÀ,
______- ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀUÀ½UÉ ªÀÄgÉAiÀiÁVgÀÄªÀ ªÀÄ¼É£ÉgÀ½£À ¥ÀæzÉÃ±À. 6. ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ JgÀqÀÄ
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3) 1013.25 «Ä°¨Ágï 4) ¥Àæw ªÁtÂdå ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¤gÀAvÀgÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤AiÀÄvÀPÁ°PÀ ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀU¼ À ÀÄ ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ
5)‘ºÀªÁUÀÄt ±Á¸ÀçÛ ’ (Meteorology) 6) 1000 Q.«ÄÃ. 7) GµÁÚA±À, MvÀÛqÀ, vÉÃªÁA±ÀU¼ À À ªÀåvÁå¸ÀzÀ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄªÁV
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(Barometer). 9) GvÀÛgÀ G¥À-GµÀÚªÀ®AiÀÄzÀ C¢üPÀ MvÀÛqÀ ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀU¼ À É£ÀÄßªÀgÄÀ .
10) ®Æ 11) »ªÀÄPÀt ªÉÆÃqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ 12) ºÁ¸À£À. ¥ÀæªÄÀ ÄR ¸ÀÜ½ÃAiÀÄ ªÀiÁgÀÄvÀU¼ À ÁªÀÅªÉAzÀgÉ, ¨sÆ À UÁ½,
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PÀgÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛÃªÉ. «AUÀr¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. EªÀÅUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉ :
1) ¥Àzg À ÀÄ ªÉÆÃqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
2. ªÁAiÀÄÄUÉÆÃ¼ÀzÀ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR ¥ÀzÀgÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹. 2) gÁ² ªÉÆÃqÀU¼ À ÀÄ
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1) ¥ÀjªÀvÀð£ÁªÀÄAqÀ®,
2) ¸ÀªÆ É ÃµÀÚªÄÀ AqÀ®, 8. ªÁAiÀÄÄUÉÆÃ¼À JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? EzÀgÀ ¥ÁæªÀÄÄRåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß w½¹.
3) ªÀÄzsÀåAvÀgª À ÀÄAqÀ®, ¨sÆ
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5) ¨ÁºÀåªÀÄAqÀ®. PÀgÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛÃªÉ.
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8
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¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛª.É
2. DqÀ½vÀ PË±À®åUÀ¼ÄÀ ¹Ã«ÄvÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
3. AiÀiÁªÁUÀ®Æ M§âjVAvÀ E§âgÀÄ CxÀªÁ eÁ¹Û ªÀåQÛUÀ¼ÄÀ
3. ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÉÄAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?
UÀjµÀÖ ºÀvÀÄÛ d£À ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ºÀtPÁ¹£À ¤zsÁðgÀUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀÆPÀÛªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ ºÁUÀÆ UÀjµÀ× E¥ÀàvÀÄÛ d£À ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå 4. J®è £ÀµÀÖ CxÀªÁ ºÉÆuÉUÁjPÉUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß M§â£ÃÉ
¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ¥Á®ÄzÁjPÉ ºÉÆgÀ¨ÃÉ PÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼A
É zÀÆ PÀgÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ. 5. ªÀiÁ°ÃPÀ£À ¤zsÀ£À CxÀªÁ ¢ªÁ½¬ÄAzÁV ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
ªÀÄÄZÀÑ¨ÉÃPÁzÀ ¥Àj¹Üw GAmÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
4. vÀl¸ÀÜ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÉAzÀgÉ AiÀiÁgÀÄ? w½¹.
PÉ®ªÀgÀÄ ªÀåªÀºÁgÀUÀ¼À°è §AqÀªÁ¼À£ÀÄß ºÀÆr, 3. ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÀÄ ºÉÃUÉ ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀªÁUÀÄvÀÛªÉ? ¸ÀAQë¥ÀÛªÁV
¢£Àª» À ªÀ»ªÁlÄUÀ¼À°è ¸ÀQæAiÀÄªÁV ¨sÁUÀª»À ¸ÀzÃÉ , «ªÀj¹.
C£ÀÄ¥ÁvÀPÀÌ£ÀÄUÀÄtªÁV ¯Á¨sU À ÀÄß ºÀAaPÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÁÛgÉ ºÁUÉAiÉÄ o ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ
À À¼£ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ¥ÁægÀA©ü¸À®Ä ºÁUÀÆ
£ÀµÀÖ CxÀªÁ dªÁ¨ÁÝjUÀ½UÀÆ PÀÆqÀ ºÉÆuÉAiÀiÁVgÀÄvÁÛgÉ. £À q¹É PÉ Æ AqÀ Ä ºÉ Æ ÃUÀ ® Ä 1932 gÀ ° è ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ
EªÀgÀ£ÀÄß vÀl¸ÀÜ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ J£ÀÄßvÁÛgÉ. ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄ eÁjUÉ §A¢vÀÄ.
 F PÁAiÉÄÝAiÀÄ 4£ÉÃ ¸ÉPÀë£ï ¥ÀæPÁgÀ J®ègÀÆ PÉÊUÉÆArgÀÄªÀ
5. ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ «¸Àdð£É ºÉÃUÉ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀªÁVzÉ §gÉ¬Äj. CxÀªÁ CzÀg° À è J®ègÀ ¥Àgª À ÁV M§â ªÀåªÀºÀj¸ÀÄwÛgÀÄªÀ
AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀ EvÀgÀ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀjUÉ 14 ªÀåªÀºÁgÀzÀ ¯Á¨sU À À¼£À ÀÄß ºÀAaPÉÆ¼Àî®Ä M¦àPÆ É ArgÀÄªÀ
¢£ÀU¼ À À ªÀÄÄ£ÀÆìZ£ À É PÉÆlÄÖ EvÀgÀ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ äwAiÀÄ ªÀåQÛUÀ¼À £ÀqÄÀ «£À ¸ÀA§AzsÀ ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉAiÀiÁVzÉ.
ªÉÄÃ¯É §ºÀ¼À ¸Àg¼ À ÀªÁV «¸Àfð¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  ºÀtPÁ¹£À ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀÅzÁzÀgÉ UÀjµÀÖ ºÀvÀÄÛ d£À
¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ ºÁUÀÆ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ
III. F PÉ¼ÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀÆPÀÛ jÃwAiÀÄ°è GvÀÛj¹.
8
ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀÅzÁzÀgÉ UÀjµÀ× E¥ÀàvÀÄÛ d£À ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀjUÀÆ 1. £ÉÆÃAzÀtÂ ºÉÆA¢gÀÄªÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄÄ MAzÀÄ £ÀÆgÀÄ
¹Ã«ÄvÀªÁV ¥ÁægÀA©ü¸À¨ÃÉ PÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. gÀÆ¥Á¬ÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ÄÃjzÀ ¸Á®zÀ ªÀ¸Æ À ¯ÁwUÁV
ªÀÄÆgÀ£ÉÃ ªÀåQÛUÀ¼À «gÀÄzÀÞ £ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄzÀ°è ªÉÆPÀzÀÝªÉÄ
4. ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À ««zsÀ jÃwAiÀÄ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÀ£ÀÄß w½¹. ºÀÆqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À ««zsÀ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ - 2. £ÉÆÃAzÀtÂAiÀiÁVgÀÄªÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ ¸Á®UÀ¼À ªÀ¸Æ À °UÁV
 QæAiÀiÁ²Ã® CxÀªÀ ¸ÀQæAiÀÄ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ EvÀgÉ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀ£À «gÀÄzÀÞªÀÇ zÁªÉ ºÀÆqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
3. £ÉÆÃAzÀtÂAiÀiÁUÀzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ «gÀÄzÀÞ CxÀªÁ CzÀgÀ
 vÀl¸ÀÜ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ
¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÀ «gÀÄzÀÞ ªÀÄÆgÀ£ÉÃ ªÀåQÛ zÁªÉ
 £ÁªÀÄªÀiÁvÀæ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ ºÀÆqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
 C¥Áæ¥ÀÛªÀAiÀÄ¸ÀÌ ¥Á®ÄzÁgÀgÄÀ . 4. £ÉÆÃAzÀtÂAiÀiÁUÀzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜ CxÀªÁ CzÀgÀ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÀ
F «zsU À À¼ÃÉ C®èzÉ gÀºÀ¸åÀ ¥Á®ÄzÁgÀgÄÀ , «gÀÄzÀÞ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀ£ÁUÀ° ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ
¹Ã«ÄvÀ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ , CgÉ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ , ¯Á¨sÀz° À è ªÀiÁvÀæ «¸Àdð£ÉUÉ CxÀªÁ ¯ÉPÌÀ ¥ÀvæU
À À¼À EvÀåxÀðPÁÌV
¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀªg À ÀÄ EgÀÄvÁÛgÉ. £ÁåAiÀiÁ®AiÀÄzÀ°è zÁªÉ ºÀÆqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ
5. ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ £Á®ÄÌ 8. »AzÀÆ C«¨sÀPÀÛ PÀÄlÄA§ ¥ÀzÀÞwAiÀÄ ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ §UÉÎ
C£ÀÄPÀÆ®vÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß w½¹. §gÉ¬Äj.
¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ C£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼ÀÄ- »AzÀÆ C«¨sÀPÀÛ PÀÄlÄA§ ¥ÀzÞÀ wAiÀÄ ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ
1. F jÃwAiÀÄ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀªÁV gÀZÀ£ÉAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÄÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀz° À è ªÀiÁvÀæ C¹ÛvÀéz° À èªÉ. EªÀÅ »AzÀÆ
2. ºÉaÑ£À §AqÀªÁ¼À ¸ÀAUÀæ»¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. PÁ£ÀÆ¤£À C£ÀéAiÀÄ eÁjUÉ §gÀÄvÀÛªÉ. EªÀÅ »AzÀÆ
3. ¥Àjtw ºÉaÑ¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÀÄlÄA§zÀ J®è UÀAqÀ¸ÀjAzÀ PÀÆrzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
4. «±Áé¸ÁºÀðvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉaÑ¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¤gÀAvÀgª À ÁV ªÀÄÆgÀÄ vÀ¯ÉªÀiÁgÀÄUÀ¼À UÀAqÀÄ ¸ÀzÀ¸ÀågÀÄ F
5. £ÀµÀÖzÀ ºÀAaPÉAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÁUÀÄvÁÛgÉ. C«¨sÀPÀÛ PÀÄlÄA§zÀ
6. ªÀåªÀºÁgÀzÀ gÀºÀ¸åÀ ¥Á®£É ¸ÁzsÀåªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. CvÀåAvÀ »jAiÀÄ UÀAqÀÄ ¸ÀzÀ¸åÀ ªÀåªÀºÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ°éZÁgÀuÉ
7. F ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀªÁV «¸Àfð¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. £ÉÆÃrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÁÛ£É. CªÀ£À£ÀÄß ‘PÀvÀð’ JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ.
ªÀiÁ°ÃPÀvéÀªÅÀ J®è ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀzÁVzÀÝgÀÆ DqÀ½vÀªÀ£ÀÄß PÀvÀð£ÀÄ
6. ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ £Á®ÄÌ zÉÆÃµÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É. PÀvÀð£À ºÉÆuÉUÁjPÉ C¥Àj«ÄvÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
w½¹. EvÀgÉ ¸Àz¸ À ÀågÀ ºÉÆuÉUÁjPÉ CªÀgÄÀ ºÀÆrgÀÄªÀ §AqÀªÁ¼ÀzÀ
¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ zÉÆÃµÀUÀ¼ÀÄ- ¥ÀæªiÀ ÁtPÉÌ ¹Ã«ÄvÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
1. PÉ®ªÀÅ ¸ÀAzÀ¨ð sÀ UÀ¼À°è ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÀ £ÀqÄÀ ªÉ MªÀÄävÀ E®èzÉ
ºÉÆÃzÁUÀ CªÀgª À Àg°À è vÁgÀvÀªÄÀ åUÀ¼ÄÀ GAmÁUÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
2. ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÀ ¸ÀASÉåAiÀÄ°è UÀjµÀ× «Äw EgÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ ºÉZÀÄÑ
§AqÀªÁ¼ÀzÀ ºÀÆrPÉUÉ ¸ÁzsÀåªÁUÀzÉ ºÉÆÃUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
3. £ÀµÀÖzÀ ºÉÆuÉUÁjPÉ C¥Àj«ÄvÀªÁVzÀÄÝ ºÉZÀÄÑ d£À
¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÁUÀ®Ä EµÀÖ¥ÀqÄÀ ªÀÅ¢®è.
4. PÉ®ªÀÅ ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÀ CeÁUÀgÀÆPÀvÉ CxÀªÁ C«ªÉÃPÀvÀ£ÀzÀ
¤zsÁðgÀUÀ¼ÄÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ »£ÀßqÉUÉ PÁgÀtªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
5. ¥Á®ÄzÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜ ¹ÜgÀvÉAiÀÄ C¨sÁªÀ ºÉÆA¢gÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
AiÀiÁgÁzÀgÆ À M§â ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀ ªÀÄgÀt ºÉÆA¢zÀgÉ CxÀªÁ
¢ªÁ½AiÀiÁzÀgÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «¸Àfð¸À¨ÉÃPÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
6. ¥Á®ÄUÁgÀgÄÀ vÀªÀÄä ¥Á®£ÀÄß ¨ÉÃgÉAiÀÄªÀjUÉ ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀªÁV
ªÀUÁð¬Ä¸À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀå«®è.
7. ¸ÀPÁðgÀzÀ »rvÀ ºÉZÁÑV®èzÉ EgÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ ºÁUÀÆ
¯ÉPÌÀ ¥ÀvæU
À À¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀæPlÀ ¥Àr¸À¨ÉÃPÁV®èzÉ EgÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ
¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀgÀ ¨ÉA§® ¹UÀÄªÀÅ¢®è.
8. JgÀqÀÄ CxÀªÁ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¥Á®UÁgÀgÄÀ EgÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ
ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ UË¥ÀåzÉ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉ PÀµÀÖ¸ÁzsÀå.
7. ¥Á®ÄUÁjPÉ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃAzÁ¬Ä¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÁUÀÄªÀ

C£ÀÄPÀÆ®vÉUÀ¼ÉÃ£ÀÄ?

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8£ÉÃ vÀgÀUÀw ¸ÀªÀiÁd «eÁÕ£À ¥Àæ±ÉÆßÃvÀÛgÀ ªÀiÁ°PÉ

(ºÉÆ¸À ¥ÀoÁå£ÀÄ¸ÁgÀ) 2018-19

.8th Social Science Notes (Revised Textbook) 1st Sem.

.8th Social Science Notes (Revised Textbook) 1st Sem.

4. How did animal husbandry and 10. What is a peninsula?

Ans:- 1. d) China. 2. a) Mesopotamia 3. e) 9. What is Ziggurat?

4. What is the middle path?

II. Answer the following questions :

3. Explain the features of Culture.

2. The shape of the Earth is.

3. The Equatorial diameter of the Earth

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3. ¨sÀÆ«Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÈ¶UÉ EgÀÄªÀ ¸ÀA§AzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

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