LAPLACE

ECADVM30
TRANSFORM

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

o Discuss Laplace transforms and Inverse Laplace transforms
o Solve the Laplace transform of a given expression/function

MIKALE RIZTON M. ABLIDAS, MSECE

FACULTY, ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Laplace Transforms
Laplace transforms
o Invaluable for any engineer’s mathematical toolbox as they make
solving linear ODEs and related initial value problems, as well as
systems of linear ODEs, much easier.
o ODE = Ordinary differential equations, differential equations that
depend on a single variable.
o Applications abound: electrical networks, springs, mixing problems,
signal processing, and other areas of engineering and physics.

If f(t) is a function defined for all t ≥ 0, its laplace transform is the

integral of f(t) times e-st from t = 0 to ∞.
It is a function of s, say, F(s), and is denoted by L(f); thus

s = σ + jω

s = σ + jω
Laplace Transforms
Pierre Simon Marquis De Laplace
o Great French Mathematician, he developed the foundation of
potential theory and made important contributions to celestial
mechanics, astronomy in general, special functions, and probability
theory.

Kernel k(s,t) = e-st

Laplace transform is called integral transform because it transforms a

function in one space to a function in another space by a process of
integration that involves a kernel.

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
The given function f(t) is called the Inverse transform of F(s) and
denoted by L-1(F)

 Example 1

Let f(t) = 1 when t ≥ 0. Find F(s).

Solution 1

0 1

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
 Solution 1

 Example 2

Find F(s) of f(t) = t

Solution 2

Integration by parts

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
 Solution 1

 Example 2

Find F(s) of f(t) = t

Solution 2

Integration by parts

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

 Laplace Transforms
 
 
 

0 0 0 1

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

 Laplace Transforms
 Example 3

Find F(s) of f(t) = tn

Solution 3

Integration by parts

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

 Laplace Transforms
 

0 0

  𝐿 ( 𝑡1 ) = 12
𝑠
 𝐿 ( 𝑡 2 ) = 2 𝐿 ( 𝑡 2 − 1 )= 2 ∙ 1 = 2
𝑠 𝑠 2 3
𝑠 𝑠
 𝐿 ( 𝑡 3 ) = 3 𝐿 ( 𝑡 3 −1 ) = 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 = 3
𝑛 𝒏! 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠2 𝑠
𝑡 )=
𝒔 𝒏+ 𝟏

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

 Laplace Transforms
 Example 4

Find F(s) of f(t) = eat

Solution 4

0 1

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
Table of Laplace Transformations

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms

Properties and Theorem

I. Linearity Theorem
(a) L [kf(t)] = kF(s)
(b) L[f1(t) + f2(t)] = F1(s) + F2(s)

Examples
1. L [3t] = 3/s2
2. L [t+t2] = (s+2)/s3

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
1. L [3t] = 3/s2 >> L [kf(t)] = kF(s)
Solution
 

2. L [t+t2] = (s+2)/s3 >> L[f1(t) + f2(t)] = F1(s) + F2(s)

Solution
 

 𝑳 [ 𝒕 +𝒕 𝟐 ] = 𝒔 +𝟐
𝟑
𝒔

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
II. Frequency Shift Theorem
L [e+/-at f(t)] = F(s -/+ a)

Examples
1. L [e-2t sin3t] = 3/((s+2)2+9)
2. L [3e-2t t3] = 18/(s+2)4

III. Differentiation Theorem

L [df/dt] = sF(s) - f(0)

Examples f(0) = 1
1. L [de-2t /dt] = (s/(s+2)) - 1
2. L [dt8 /dt] = (8!/s8 ) - 1
MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022
Laplace Transforms
1. L [e-2t sin3t] = 3/((s+2)2+9) >> L [e+/-at f(t)] = F(s -/+ a)

Solution
 
 

2. L [3e-2t t3] = 18/(s+2)4 >> L [e+/-at f(t)] = F(s -/+ a)

Solution
 
 

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
1. L [de-2t /dt] = (s/(s+2)) - 1 >> L [df/dt] = sF(s) - f(0)
f(0) = 1
Solution
 

2. L [dt8 /dt] = (8!/s8 ) – 1 >> L [df/dt] = sF(s) - f(0)

f(0) = 1
Solution
 

 
MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022
Laplace Transforms
IV. Integration Theorem
L [∫f(t) d t] = F(s)/s

Examples
1. L [∫ sin3tdt] = 3/((s2 +9)s)
2. L [∫ t8 dt] = 8!/s10

V. Scaling Theorem
L [f(at)] = 1/a F(s/a)

Examples
1. L [sin3t] = 3/(s2 +9)
2. L [cos3t] = s /(s2 +9)
MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022
Laplace Transforms
1. L [∫ sin3tdt] = 3/((s2 +9)s) >> L [∫f(t) d t] = F(s)/s

Solution
 

2. L [∫ t8 dt] = 8!/s10 >> L [∫f(t) d t] = F(s)/s

Solution
 

   

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
1. L [sin3t] = 3/(s2 +9) >> L [f(at)] = 1/a F(s/a)

Solution
 

2. L [cos3t] = s /(s2 +9) >> L [f(at)] = 1/a F(s/a)

Solution
 
 
 

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
Examples

1. L [e-2t + 4e-3t + 3] =
(1/(s+2)) + (4/(s+3)) + (3/s)

2. L [-3sin3t + 4cos2t + 2e4t + 5] =

(-9/(s2 + 9)) + (4s/(s2 + 4)) + (2/(s – 4)) + 5/s

3. L [e-2t sin4t] =
4/((s+2)2 + 16))

4. L [e4t cosh3t] =
(s - 4) / ((s - 4)2 - 9))

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
1. L [e-2t + 4e-3t + 3] = (1/(s+2)) + (4/(s+3)) + (3/s)
Solution
 

2. L [-3sin3t + 4cos2t + 2e4t + 5] = (-9/(s2 + 9))+(4s/(s2 + 4))+(2/(s – 4))+5/s

Solution

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
3. L [e-2t sin4t] = 4/((s+2)2 + 16))
Solution
 
 

4. L [e4t cosh3t] = (s - 4) / ((s - 4)2 - 9))

Solution
 
 

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms
Inverse laplace transform
The transformation from the s-domain into the t-domain

Examples

1. L-1 [1/s5 ] = t4/4!

2. L-1 [1/(s2 + 7) ] = ((1/71/2) sin71/2 t)
3. L-1 [(-2s + 6) / (s2 + 4)] = -2cos2t + 3sin2t

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Laplace Transforms
Table of Laplace Transformations

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms
1. L-1 [1/s5 ] = t4/4!
Solution
 
 

2. L-1 [1/(s2 + 7) ] = ((1/71/2) sin71/2 t)

Solution
 

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms
3. L-1 [(-2s + 6) / (s2 + 4)] = -2cos2t + 3sin2t
Solution
 

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms
4 cases of Partial fraction expansion

1. Distinct Linear 3. Distinct Quadratic

2. Repeated Linear 4. Repeated Quadratic

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms

Examples

1. 1/(s+1)(s+2) = e-t – e-2t

2. 1/(s+1)(s+2)2 = e-t – e-2t – te-2t

3. 4/(s+1)(s2+4) = (4/5)(e-t – cos2t) + (2/5)sin2t

4. 16/s(s2+4)2 = 1 – tsin2t – cos2t

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms
1. L-1 [1/(s+1)(s+2)] = e-t – e-2t
Solution
 

 
 𝑖 𝑓 𝑠 = − 2  𝑖 𝑓 𝑠 = − 1
1=
  𝐴 (− 2+2 ) +𝐵 (− 2+1) 1=
  𝐴 (− 1+2 )+ 𝐵 (− 1+1)
 1= 𝐵 ( − 1)   𝐴 =1
  𝐵 =− 1
 

 𝑳−𝟏 𝟏
[ ]
( 𝒔+𝟏 ) ( 𝒔+ 𝟐)
−𝒕
=𝒆 −𝒆
−𝟐 𝒕

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms  
 
2. 1/(s+1)(s+2)2 = e-t – e-2t – te-2t
 
Solution
 

 
 𝑖 𝑓 𝑠 = − 2  𝑖 𝑓 𝑠= 1
2
 1=𝐶 ( − 1 ) 1=
  𝐴 ( 3 ) + 𝐵 ( 2 ) ( 3 )+ 𝐶 (2)
  𝐶 =− 1  1= 9 𝐴 +6 𝐵 +2 𝐶
 𝑖 𝑓 𝑠 = − 1  1= 9 +6 𝐵 − 2
  1= 𝐴   𝐵 =− 1

 𝑳−𝟏 𝟏
[ ( 𝒔+𝟏 ) ( 𝒔+ 𝟐)𝟐]=𝒆
−𝒕
− 𝒆
− 𝟐𝒕
− 𝐭 𝒆
−𝟐 𝒕

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms
3. 4/(s+1)(s2+4) = (4/5)(e-t – cos2t) + (2/5)sin2t
Solution
 

 
 
2
 𝑠 : 0= 𝐴 +𝐵  𝐴=− 𝐵  𝐴= 4
1
 𝑠 : 0= 𝐵 +𝐶 𝐵=−
  𝐶 5
 𝑘 : 4 = 4 𝐴 +𝐶   4
𝐶=
4=4
  (− 𝐵) − 𝐵 5
  4
𝐵=−
5
 

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms
 

  𝟒 𝟒 −𝒕 𝟒 𝟐
𝑳
−𝟏
[ ]
( 𝒔+𝟏 ) ( 𝒔 𝟐+ 𝟒)
=
𝟓
𝒆 −
𝟓
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒕 +
𝟓
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝒕

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms
4. 16/s(s2+4)2 = 1 – tsin2t – cos2t
Solution
 

 
 
4
 𝑠 : 0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐵=−
  1
3
 𝑠 : 0= 𝐶 𝐶=0
 
2
 𝑠 : 0= 8 𝐴 +4 𝐵 + 𝐷  𝐷=− 4
 𝐸=0
1
 𝑠 : 0= 4 𝐶 + 𝐸
 𝑘 : 16 = 𝐴 16
  𝐴 =1

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

Inverse Laplace Transforms  
𝐿 [ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 ] =
2 𝑎𝑠
¿¿
    2(2) 𝑠
𝐿 [ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑡 ] =
¿¿

    4𝑠
𝐿 [ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑡 ] =
¿¿
  𝑠 1
𝐿
−1
[ 2 2 2
(𝑠 +𝑎 ) ]=
2 𝑎
𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡

−1
 
𝐿 ¿
−𝟏
 
𝑳 ¿

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022

 o Kreyszig, E. (2011). Advanced
engineering mathematics (10th ed.).
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
o Zill, D. G., and Wright, W. S.,
(2014). Advanced engineering
mathematics (5th ed.). Burlington,
MA, USA: Jones and Bartlett Learning
o https://intranet.missouriwestern.ed
References
u/cas/wp-
content/uploads/sites/17/2020/05/
Elementary-Row-Operations-for-
Matrices-Updated-2013-1.pdf

MRMA 1st sem / 2021-2022