Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 3
Critically reviewing the literature
Part 2, Patten and Newhart,
Chapter 3, Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill.
Slide 3.2
Learning outcomes
} By the end of this chapter you should:
} Understand the importance and purpose of the critical
literature review to your research project;
} To be able to adopt a critical perspective in your reading;
} Know what you need to include when writing your critical
review;
} Be aware of the range of primary, secondary and tertiary
literature sources available;
} Be able to identify key words and to undertake a literature
search using a range of methods;
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Slide 3.3
Learning outcomes
} Be able to evaluate the relevance, value and sufficiency of the
literature found;
} Be able to reference the literature found accurately;
} Understand what is meant by plagiarism;
} Be able to apply the knowledge, skills and understanding
gained to your own research project.
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.4
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Slide 3.5
Slide 3.6
Approaches used
Deductive -
Develops a conceptual framework from the
literature which is then tested using the data
Inductive -
Explores the data to develop theories which are
then tested against the literature
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Slide 3.7
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
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Slide 3.13
} A single chapter
} A series of chapters
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Slide 3.15
} Secondary
} Tertiary
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Slide 3.16
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Slide 3.17
Journals
} Journals are also known as ‘periodical’ ‘serials’ and
‘magazines’ and are published on a regular basis. Journals
are a vital literature source for any research. They are well
covered by tertiary literature, and good selection can be
accessed from most university libraries (printed or
online)
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.18
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Slide 3.19
Professional Journals
} Professional Journals (such as People Management) they
are produced for their members by organization such as
the chartered Institute of personal and development
(CIPD). They contain a mix of news related items and
articles that are more detailed. However you have to
exercise caution
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.20
Trade Journals
} They fulfill a similar function to professional journals.
They are published by trade organizations or aimed
at particular industries or trades such as carting or
mining. Often they focus in new products or services
and news items, they rarely contain articles based on
empirical research, although some provide summaries
of research,You should therefore use these with
consideration caution for you research project.
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Slide 3.21
Books
} Books and monographs are written for specific audiences.
Some are aimed at the academic, with a theoretical slant.
Others, aimed at practicing professionals, may be more applied
in their content. The material in books is usually presented in a
more ordered and accessible manner than in journals, polling
together a wider range of topics, they are therefore,
practically useful as introductory sources to help clarify your
research question(s) and objectives or research methods you
intend to use. Some academic textbooks such as this one are
now supported by web pages providing additional information.
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.22
Newspaper
} Newspaper are good source of topical events, developments
within business and government, as well as recent statistical
information such as share prices, they also sometimes review
recent research report.
} Again you should be careful when you use newspaper in your
research project as newspaper may contain bias in their
coverage, be it political geographical or personal.
} Reporting can also be inaccurate and you may not pick up any
subsequent amendments
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
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Slide 3.23
Reports
} Reports include market research reports such as those
produced by Mintel and keynote government reports and
academic reports. It is not easy to get access for these
reports as they are not as widely available as books. It is
important to try to assess the authority of the author, and
to beware of personal bias
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.24
Conference proceedings
} Conference proceedings sometimes referred to as
symposia, as often published as unique titles within
journals or as books. Most conferences have a theme that
is very specific, but some have a wide-range overview.
Many conferences have associated web pages providing
abstract and occasionally the full papers presented at the
conference .
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
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Slide 3.25
Theses
} Theses are unique and so far a major research project
can be a good source of further references. Unfortunately,
they can be difficult to locate and, when found, difficult to
access as there may be only one copy at the awarding
institution.
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Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.28
} Brainstorm ideas
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Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
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Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.32
Discussion
} We believe you should be taking every opportunity
to discuss your research. In discussing you work with
others, whether face to face, by email or by letter, you
will be sharing your ideas, getting feedback and
obtaining new ideas and approaches. This process will
help you to refine and clarify your topic.
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Slide 3.35
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
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Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
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} Printed sources
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.38
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Slide 3.40
} Assess sufficiency
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Slide 3.41
Record –
} Biographic details
} Supplementary information
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.42
} Brief summary
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Slide 3.43
Plagiarism
Four common forms
Slide 3.44
Summary: Chapter 3
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Slide 3.45
Summary: Chapter 3
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.46
Additional reading
} Introduction to style guides, Appendix E and F.
} Patten and Newhart.
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
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Slide 3.47
APA style
} In text citation:
} New data suggest that the influence of the mass media on
social norms and customs is growing very rapidly (Doe, 2013).
} The influence of peer group pressure on bullying behavior by
girls needs more largescale investigations (Edwards & Jones,
2013).
} Large-scale research on gender-role socialization is relatively
rare (Washington et al., 2013).
} In three recent surveys, a majority of parents expressed strong
support for the XYZ program (Black-stone, 2012; Brown et al.,
2011; White & Bright, 2013).
} Or Washington et al. (2013) point out that large-scale research
on gender-role socialization is relatively rare.
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.48
APA style
} References
} Adams, E. S. (2014). Review of the origins of social sports
theories. Journal of Hypothetical Social Studies in Sports, 34,
119–121.
} Suresh, G., & Tewksbury, R. (2013). Locations of motor vehicle
theft and recovery. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 38,
200–215.
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Slide 3.49
ASA style
} In text citation
} New data suggest that the influence of the mass media on
social norms and customs is growing very rapidly (Doe 2013).
} Large-scale research on gender-role socialization is relatively
rare (Washington et al. 2013).
} In three recent surveys, a majority of parents expressed strong
support for the XYZ program (Black 2012; Brown et al. 2011;
White and Bright 2013).
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 3.50
ASA style
} Reference
} Adams, Eric S. 2014. “Review of the Origins of Social Sports
Theories.” Journal of Hypothetical Social Studies in Sports,
34(2):119–21.
} Suresh, Geetha and Richard Tewksbury. 2013. “Locations of
Motor Vehicle Theft and Recovery.” American Journal of
Criminal Justice, 38(2):200–15. doi 10.1007/ s12103-012-9161-
7.
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