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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Linear Inequalities
in Two Variables
Mathematics 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education, SDO Cabanatuan City

Schools Division Superintendent: Teresa D. Mababa, CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Enrique E. Angeles Jr., CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Cezainne C. Soriano
Editors: Leoneil M. Castro
Maricris DV. Cayaban,Ph.D.
Marivic M. Barga,Ph.D.
Marilyn P. Parpan,Ph.D.
Naomi L. Caparas, MAE
Reviewer: SDO Cabanatuan City
Layout Artist: Cezainne C. Soriano
Management Team: Priscilla D. Sanchez, PhD. – CID Chief
Sonny P. De Leon, PhD. – EPSvr in Mathematics
Ever M. Samson, PhD. – EPSvr in LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region III –

Schools Division of Cabanatuan City

Office Address: Maharlika Highway, Cabanatuan City

Telefax: (044) 463-7334
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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written for the learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to:
1. differentiate linear inequalities in two variables from linear equations in
two variables (M8AL-IIa-2);
2. illustrate and graph linear inequalities in two variables; and
3. solve problems involving linear inequalities in two variables (M8AL-IIa-4).

What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each question carefully and identify the choice
that best answers the question. Write your answers on separate sheet/s of
paper.

1. Which of the following is a linear inequality in two variables?

A. y  4x – 2 B. 5x + y = 0 C. 3x  9 D. -2y  12
2. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
I. Linear equations and linear inequalities in two variables are
both first degree.
II. The boundary in the graph of a linear inequality is a dashed
line if the symbol is “” or “”.
A. I only B. II only C. both I and II D. neither I nor II
3. What linear inequality is represented by the
graph on the right?
A. 5x – 6y  30
B. 5x – 6y  30
C. 5x – 6y  30
D. 5x – 6y  30
4. Which of the following is a solution of
5x – y  1?
A. (1, 4) B. (-1, 2) C. (2, 3) D. (-3, -4)
5. Translate the statement below into linear inequality in two variables.
“A sari-sari store sold at least ₱500 worth of drinks (d) and biscuits (b).
Each drink costs ₱15 while each biscuit costs ₱6.”
A. 15d + 6b > 500 C. 15d + 6b  500
B. 15d + 6b  500 D. 15d + 6b  500

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 Lesson
Linear Inequalities in
1 Two Variables

Equations and inequalities are two of the most commonly used terms
in Mathematics. An equation is a mathematical sentence which shows that
two quantities have the same or equal values. It uses the equal sign “=” to
show this relationship. An inequality, on the other hand, is a mathematical
sentence which shows that two quantities may have different or unequal
values. It uses the symbols , , , , and  to show this relationship. In this
module, you will learn more about linear inequalities in two variables.

What’s In

If you can graph linear equations, you can also graph linear
inequalities. In this module you will learn how similar the graphing processes
are. But before we proceed, let us recall what a linear equation in two variables
is.
An equation is said to be linear equation in two variables if it can be
written in the form of ax + by + c = 0, where a, b & c are real numbers and
the coefficients of x and y are not equal to zero.
For example, 2x + 7y = 15 and -3x + 5y = 7 are linear equations in two
variables, while 3x = 18 and 4y = -8 are not linear equations in two variables.
The solution for such an equation is a pair of values, one for x and one
for y which further make the two sides of an equation equal. The solution of
linear equations in two variables, ax + by = c, is a particular point in the
graph, such that when x-coordinate is multiplied by a and y-coordinate is
multiplied by b, then the sum of these two values will be equal to c.

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 What’s New

Many real-life situations require us to solve inequalities. In fact,

inequality applications are so common that we often do not even realize we
are doing algebra. For example, is there enough time before class to buy
lunch, eat it, and return to class? Is the rent on an apartment affordable?
How much money should each family member’s holiday gift costs without
going over budget?

On this module, you will learn how to solve real-life problems involving
linear inequalities in two variables. The method that we will use in solving
problems involving linear inequalities is very similar to the methods we used
in solving problems involving linear equations. First, we will read the problem
and make sure that all the words are clearly understood. Next, we will identify
what we are looking for and assign a variable to represent it. Then, we will
restate the problem in one sentence to make it easy to translate into an
inequality. And finally, we will solve the inequality.

What is It

A linear inequality in two variables is very similar to a linear equation

in two variables. Recall that a linear equation has variables to the first degree
only, and the variables are never squared, cubed, or taken to any other power.
Your linear equations in two variables might have looked something like
these:

2x + 5y = 16 4x – y = 1 -3x + 2y = 10

A linear inequality resembles in form of a linear equation, but with the

equality sign replaced by an inequality symbol. So, linear inequalities have
variables to the first power only and have an inequality symbol. Here are some
examples of linear inequalities in two variables:

2x + 5y  16 4x – y  1 -3x + 2y  10

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 Refer to the table below to easily determine the differences between
Linear Equations and Linear Inequalities in Two Variables.

Linear Equation in Two Linear Inequality in Two

Differences in:
Variables Variables
Inequality symbol
 is less than “  ”
 is greater than “  ”
Equal Symbol
1. symbol used  is less than or equal to
 is equal to “ = ”
“”
 is greater than or
equal to “  ”.
Ax + By  C
Ax + By  C
2. standard form Ax + By = C
Ax + By  C
Ax + By  C
A shaded region that
sometimes includes or does
3. graph A line not include the line
(depending on the
inequality symbol)
 For  and : All points
(x, y) in the shaded
region area only.
All points (x, y) on the
4. solution  For  and : All points
line.
(x, y) in the shaded
region area AND the
line.
Here is how the graph of a linear equation differs from the graph of a
linear inequality.

4x – y = 1 4x – y  1

Linear Equation in two variables Linear Inequality in two variables

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 We can also determine if a given ordered pair is a solution of the linear
inequality.
Example: Determine if the following are solutions of the inequality 3x – 7y < 4.
a) (-2, 5) b) (4, -3)
Solutions:
a) Check if (-2, 5) satisfies the b) Check if (4, -3) satisfies the
inequality 3x – 7y < 4. Substitute inequality 3x – 7y < 4. Substitute
x = -2 and y = 5 to the given inequality. x = 4 and y = -3 to the given inequality.
3x – 7y < 4 3x – 7y < 4
3(-2) – 7(5) < 4 3(4) – 7(-3) < 4
-6 – 35 < 4 12 – (-21) < 4
-41 < 4 ; True 33 < 4 ; False
Hence, (-2, 5) is a solution of Hence, (4, -3) is not a solution of
3x – 7y < 4. 3x – 7y < 4.

How to Graph a Linear Inequality in Two Variables

Step 1: If the given is written in slope-intercept form, determine the boundary by
plotting the “y =” line using its slope and y-intercept (make it a solid line
for y  or y , and a dashed line for y  or y ). But, if the given is not
written in slope-intercept form, it is easier to plot the boundary by using
its x- and y- intercepts.
Step 2: Choose a test point not on the boundary. If the test point satisfies the
inequality, shade the region that contains it; otherwise, shade the
opposite.
Let us try some examples.
1. Graph y  5x – 4.
Step 1: The given is in slope-intercept form. Thus, we
can easily identify the slope and y-intercept
y = 5x - 4
of the line. Here, m = 5 and b = -4.
Recall that in graphing linear equations
in two variables, we can start by plotting the
y-intercept then plotting the second point
rise
using the slope ( ) of the line.
run
In this case, the slope is 5 which is equal
5
to 1 (rise = 5 and run = 1). So, from the y-
intercept -4 move 5 units upward then 1 unit
to the right to determine the second point. Plot
y = 5x – 4 as a solid line since the inequality is inclusive because y 
includes equal to.

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 Step 2: Choose a test point not on the
boundary. Let’s use (0, 0) as the test
point. Take note that it is more
y  5x - 4
convenient to use (0, 0) if this is not
included in the boundary.
y  5x – 4
0  5(0) – 4
00–4
0  -4 ; False

(0, 0) does not satisfy the inequality.

Thus, shade the region that do not
contain this point.

2. Graph 5y - x  7.
Step 1: Since the given is not written in slope-intercept form, it is easier to
plot the boundary by using the x- and y- intercepts.
Here, the boundary is defined by 5y – x = 7.
 To find the x- intercept, set y = 0
5y – x = 7
5(0) – x = 7
–x=7
x = -7
 To find the y- intercept, set x = 0
5y – x = 7
5y – (0) = 7 5y – x = 7
5y = 7
7
y = 5 = 1.4

Use the x- and y- intercepts -7 and 1.4,

respectively, to draw a line. Graph
5y – x = 7 as a dashed line since the
inequality is not inclusive because y 
does not include equals to.
Step 2: Choose a test point not on the
boundary.
Let’s use (0, 0) as the test point.
5y - x  7 5y – x > 7
5(0) – 0  7
0–07
07 ; False

(0, 0) does not satisfy the inequality.

Thus, shade the region that does not
contain this point.

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Solving Word Problems Involving Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
In this section, we will discuss how linear inequalities can be used to
solve real-world problems. First, let us see how to translate statements into
linear inequalities in two variables.
Example: Translate the following into linear inequalities in two variables.
1. The total amount of 1-peso coins and 5-peso coins of Rica in her wallet
is less than ₱120.
Solution:
Let: x be the number of 1-peso coins
y be the number of 5-peso coins

 The total number of coins in Rica’s wallet is:

1x + 5y or simply x + 5y
 Since the total amount is less than ₱120, we will use the symbol
<. Thus, its corresponding linear inequality is:
x + 5y < 120

2. The difference between the heights of Czianne and Yosef is at least

23 cm.
Let: x be the height of Czianne
y be the height of Yosef
 The difference between the heights of Czianne and Yosef is:
x–y
 Since the difference between their heights is at least 23 cm, it
means that it is greater than or equal to 23 cm. So, we will use
the symbol  and its corresponding linear inequality is:
x – y  23

Now, let us see how to solve real-life problems involving linear

inequalities in two variables.
Example: The entrance fee at BL Resort in Cabanatuan City costs ₱120.00 for
an adult and ₱80.00 for a child. Write a linear inequality in terms of
x and y to determine how many adults and children are needed to
earn at least ₱5,000 a day. Sketch the graph of all possible
solutions.
Let: x = number of adults
y = number of children
 The total entrance fee is 120x + 80y
 We are looking for a total earning of at least ₱5,000. So, it
means that the total entrance fee must be greater than or
equal to ₱5,000. Thus, we write the inequality
120x + 80y  5000.

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  Graph the inequality 120x + 80y  5000.

Graph the line 120x + 80y = 5000 using x- and y- intercepts.

To solve for x-intercept, To solve for y-intercept,

set y = 0. set x = 0.

120x + 80y = 5000 120x + 80y = 5000

120x + 80(0) = 5000 120(0) + 80y = 5000
120x + 0 = 5000 0 + 80y = 5000
120x = 5000 80y = 5000
x  41.67 y = 62.5

Plot the boundary as a solid line since the inequality is inclusive

because the symbol used is . Then, choose a test point and shade the
appropriate area.

Let’s test (0, 0).

Number of Children
120x + 80y  5000 120x + 80y  5000
120 (0) + 80 (0)  5000
0  5000
False
(0,0) does not satisfy the
inequality. Thus, the shaded
region does not include the point Number of Adults

(0,0).
Notice that we only shaded
the first quadrant since the
number of adults and children
should not be negative.
From the graph, we can see
that (60, 20) is a solution so it means that if there are 60 adults, there
must be 20 children. Another solution is (80, 40), it means that if there
are 80 adults, there must be 40 children. Remember that linear
inequalities have infinite solutions, so it is not possible to list down all
the answers.

What’s More

Enrichment Activity 1: Determine whether each statement is true or false.

Write FACT if the statement is true and BLUFF if false. Write your answers
on separate sheet/s of paper.
1. 2x + 5y = 4 is a linear inequality in two variables.

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 2. Both linear equation and linear inequality in two variables have two
variables in first degree.
3. (2, 3) is a solution of both 7x – 3y = 5 and 7x – 3y  5.
4. The graph illustrated below represents a linear inequality in two
variables.

5. The symbols used in linear equations are , , , or  while the

symbol used in linear inequalities is =.

Enrichment Activity 2: Identify the linear inequality illustrated in each

graph. Choose the answers from the box below and write them on separate
sheet/s of paper.

x + 2y = 6 x + 2y  6 x + 2y  6

x + 2y  6 x + 2y  6

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

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Enrichment Activity 3: Solve the problem below. A step-by-step procedure
is given to guide you in solving the problem. Write your solution on separate
sheet/s of paper.

Children and teenagers between the ages of 9 and 18 should aim for at
least 1,300 milligrams of calcium per day. Suppose you get calcium from two
different sources, milk (x) and Cheddar cheese (y). A cup of milk supplies 300
milligrams of calcium and an ounce of cheddar cheese supplies 200
milligrams of calcium. (Source: youngwomenshealth.org)
Write and graph an inequality that represents the amounts of milk and
Cheddar cheese you need to consume to meet your daily requirement of
calcium.

Procedure:

Step 1: Represent the given in terms of x and y.

Step 2: Write the inequality.

Step 3: Plot the boundary by using x- and y- intercepts. Decide

whether to use a solid line or a dashed line.

Step 4: Complete the graph of the inequality by shading the

appropriate region.

What I Have Learned

Do the activities below. Write your answers on separate sheet/s of paper.
1. Complete the Venn Diagram below to illustrate the similarities and
differences between Linear Equations and Linear Inequalities.

2. In each arrow below, write the steps in graphing linear inequalities.

You can add or delete arrows if necessary.

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 What I Can Do

Many employees were affected by closure of businesses brought about

by COVID-19 pandemic. One of them is Aling Myrna who used to be a
saleslady in a mall. The income of her husband is not enough to sustain the
needs of their family. Thus, she decided to sell turon and lumpia to their
neighborhood. Each turon costs ₱8 and each lumpia costs ₱5.

Help Aling Myrna to visualize how many pieces of turon and lumpia
must she sell to earn at least ₱1,500 a day. Write and graph of an inequality
that represents the number of pieces of turon and lumpia she needs to sell to
earn at least ₱1,500. Write your solution on separate sheet/s of paper.

Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each question carefully and identify the choice
that best answers the question. Write your answers on separate sheet/s of
paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT a linear inequality in two variables?
A. 3x – 7y  4 C. 5x + 2y  -8
B. x + y = 15 D. -8x + 3y  4
2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. The symbol “” is used in linear inequalities.
B. Linear inequalities have infinitely many solutions.
C. The boundary in the graph of a linear inequality is a dashed line if
the symbol is “” or “”.
D. The variables in linear equations and linear inequalities are never
squared, cubed, or taken to any other power.
3. What linear inequality is represented by the
graph on the right?
A. 5x – 6y  30
B. 5x – 6y  30
C. 5x – 6y  30
D. 5x – 6y  30

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 4. Which of the following is NOT a solution of 2x + 4y  8?
B. (2, 1) B. (3, -2) C. (-1, -5) D. (8, -1)
5. Translate the statement below into linear inequality in two variables.
“A rectangular pen with length (l) and width (w) is to be constructed with
at most 200 feet of fencing.”
A. 2l + 2w > 200 C. 2l + 2w  200
B. 2l + 2w  200 D. 2l + 2w  200

Additional Activities

Create your own word problem that involves linear inequalities in two
variables then solve it. Refer to the rubric below. Use separate sheet/s of
paper for your answer.

Excellent (3) Good (2) Fair (1) Poor (0)

Content Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate
content is used content is used content may have content is not
for each word for each word been used. observed. Student
problem. Student problem. Student Student shows does not
clearly shows some little demonstrate an
understands the understanding of understanding of understanding of
mathematical the mathematical the mathematical the mathematical
concepts. concepts. concepts. concepts.
Organization The word problem The word problem The word problem The word problem
is written in clear is written in clear is not written in is not written in
and coherent and coherent clear and clear and
language. The language. The coherent coherent
word problem word problem language. The language or may
includes a correct includes an word problem not be observed.
answer key that is answer key. may or may not The word problem
neat and legible. include an answer does not include
key. an answer key.
Mechanics Proper language, Proper language, Proper language, Proper language,
capitalization and capitalization and capitalization and capitalization and
punctuation are punctuation are punctuation may punctuation are
present with no present with no have been used, not observed.
mistakes. more than two but more than
mistakes. two mistakes.

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What I Know What's More Assessment
1. A Enrichment Activity 1 1. B
2. A 1. Bluff 2. C
3. D 2. Fact 3. A
4. C 3. Fact 4. D
5. B 4. Fact 5. D
5. Bluff
Enrichment Activity 2
1. x + 2y  6
2. x + 2y  6
3. x + 2y = 6
4. x + 2y  6
5. x + 2y  6
Enrichment Activity 3
Step 1: Let x = number of
cups of milk and y = number
of ounces of cheddar cheese.
Step 2: 300x + 200y  1300
Step 3: The boundary is
300x + 200y = 1300. So, the
13
x-intercept is  4.33 and
3
y-intercept is 6.5.
Step 4: The graph is:
Answer Key
References
Oronce, OA, et. al., 2018. Exploring Math 8. Manila: REX Publishing
“Solving Inequalities with Two Variables”.
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_intermediate-algebra/s05-
07-solving-inequalities-with-two-.html. October 15, 2020
“Linear Inequalities in Two Variables”.
https://www.classzone.com/eservices/home/pdf/student/LA20
2FAD.pdf. October 15, 2020
"Linear Inequality: Solving, Graphing & Problems."
https://study.com/academy/lesson/linear-inequality-solving-
graphing-problems.html. October 15, 2020
"Graphing Linear Inequalities."
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/graphing-linear-
inequalities.html. October 15, 2020
"Linear Inequalities in Two Variables."
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-algebra-i-second-
edition/section/6.5/. October 15, 2020

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