8

Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Triangle Inequality

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: TRIANGLE INEQUALITY
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Stephanie T. Japson
Reviewer: Ma. Cristina B. Galgo
Regional Evaluator: Rhina T. Cuajotor
Illustrator and Layout Artist:
Management Team
Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons:
Conniebel C.Nistal ,PhD.
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Pablito B. Altubar
CID Chief

Members
Ma. Cristina B. Galgo, EPS
Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City
Office Address: Brgy. 23,National Highway,Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph
 Mathematics 8
Quarter 4 - Module 1
TRIANGLE INEQUALITY

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Content

What This Learning Package is About ...................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know ...................................................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Learning Package .......................................................................................... i
Icons of this Learning Package............................................................................................................... ii

What I Know ................................................................................................................................................. iii

Lesson 1:
Exterior Angle Theorem .......................................................................................................... 1

What’s New ................................................................................................................... 1

What Is It………………………………………………………………………….2
What’s More: My Ex & In ………....................................................................3
What I Have Learned: My Examples…………………………………………..4
What I Can Do: Jingle Song…………………………………………………….4

Lesson 2:
Triangle Inequality Theorem ................................................................................................ 5
What’s In…………………………………………………………………………..5
What’s New: Construct Me………………………………………………………5
What Is It ………………………………………………………………………….6
What’s More: Let’s Solve ......................................................................... ...7
What I Have Learned: My Own……..…………………………………………..8
What I Can Do: Reflect ………………………………………………………….8

Lesson 3:
Hinge Theorem ………………………………………………………………………………………9
What’s In…………………………………………………………………………...9
What’s New: Picture Analysis……………………………………………………9
What Is It…………………………………………………………………………...9
What’s More : Less or More…………………………………………………….11
What I Have Learned: Create…………………………………………………..12
What I Can Do: Inside My House………………………………………………12

Summary………………………………………………………………………………………….12
Assessment: (Post-Test)……………………………………………………………………….13
Key to Answer……………………………………………………………………………………15
Reference…………………………………………………………………………………………
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. illustrate Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem;

2. illustrate Triangle Inequality Theorem; and
3. illustrate Hinge Theorem.
.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know
Pre -Assessment
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and answer the questions. Select the letter of the correct answer from
the given choices.
1. Which of the following statements is not 6. A triangular playground has two sides
true? measuring 50 feet and 85 feet. What are
the possible measures of the third side of
a. d = a+ b the triangle?
b. m b < m d
c. m a < m d A. 0 feet and 135 feet
d. d = a+ b B. 35 feet and 135 feet
C. 36 feet and 134 feet
D. 0 feet and 134 feet
2. Which shows the sides of EFG in order 7. In the figure below m P < m X. What
from longest to shortest? conclusion can you make using the Hinge
Theorem?

A. XY, YZ, ZX A. QR< YZ

B. XY, XZ, ZY B. QR> YZ
C. ZY, XY, XZ C. PQ = XY
D. ZY, XZ, XY D. PR = XZ

3. Carlos has 60 feet of fence to make a 8. In ABC and XYZ, AB = XY, BC =YZ,
triangular garden. Which of the following and m B> m Y. What statement describes
sets of side lengths will NOT work? the relationship between AC and XZ?

A. 10 feet, 15 feet, 35 feet A. AC = XZ

B. 10 feet, 25 feet, 25 feet B. AC> XZ
C. 15 feet, 20 feet, 25 feet C. AC< XZ
D. 20 feet, 20 feet, 20 feet D. AC XZ
4. Angle 4 is an exterior angle of PQR. 9. Which inequality describes the possible
Which statement is true? values of x?

A. m 1<m 4
B. m 4<m 2 A. x<30
C. m 4>m 2 B. x> 30
D. m 3>m 4 C. x < 120
D. x> 120
5. Find the possible values of x. 10. Which statement can be proven using
the converse of the Hinge Theorem?
a. 3< x< 15
b. 3 < x < 16
c. 6 < x < 9
d. 9 < x < 15
A. EB < CD
B. EB > CD
C. m EAB > m
D. m EAB < m
 Lesson
EXTERIOR ANGLE INEQUALITY
1 THEOREM

Before we discuss the Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem let us first define exterior
angle and remote interior angles.
An exterior angle of a triangle is an angle that forms a linear pair with one of the
angles of the triangle.
Remote interior angles of triangle are the angles that do not form a linear pair with
the exterior angle.

Activity 1: Know my Angles

Materials: Ruler, Protractor and pencil
Directions: Do the following steps:
1. Draw any triangle.
2. Label the vertices as SUN.
3. Measure the 3 angles of the triangle.
4. Extend SN to a point Y.

Questions:
1. What are measures of the interior angles of the triangle that you have
drawn?
2. What is the sum of the measures of the angles in a triangle?
3. What is the measure of angle UNY?
4. How do you call angle UNY in relation to your drawing?
5. What is meant by remote interior angle?
6. Name the two remote interior angles of your drawing.
7. What are the measures of angle L and angle O?

1
 Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

 For any triangle, the measure of an exterior angle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its two remote interior angles.
m =m +m
 The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of
either of its two remote interior angles.
m >m
m >m

Examples

1. Find m
By Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
+ =
+ 50 = 1200
0

1200-500
=700
2. Find m
By Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
+ =
0 0
49 +68 =
1170=
=117

2
3. Find the value of x.
+ =
30 + 4x + 2 = 8 + 6x
32 +4x = 8 + 6x
32 – 8 = 6x -4x
24 = 2x
2x = 24
x= 12

4. Find the value of x.

+ =
5x+10 + 58 = 11x+2
68+ 5x = 11x+2
68 - 2 = 11x - 5x
66 = 6x
6x = 66
x = 11

What’s More

Activity 2: My Ex and In

A. Complete the table by identifying the exterior and interior angle.

Name of Exterior Remote Interior

Triangle Angle Angles
LDR

PDR

3
 B. Solve the following problems:

1. 2.

Solution:
+ =
+ 52 = 1200
0

1200 - 520
= 680
3.
4.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: My Examples

Illustrate Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem by giving 2 examples.

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Jingle Song

Use your creativity by making a short jingle about Exterior Angle Inequality
Theorem.

4
 Lesson
INEQUALITY TRIANGLE
2 THEOREM

What’s In

You have just learned in the previous lesson that the measure of an exterior
angle is equal to the sum of the measures of its two remote interior angles.

Activity 1: Construct Me
Materials: Sticks, pencil and paper.
Directions: Do the following steps:
Step 1: Construct a triangle with each set of segments as sides. Use the
sticks to represent the line segments.
Construct
Given:

Construct
Given:

Step 2: Write your observations on the construction of and ?

5
 What Is It

Triangle Inequality Theorem

The sum of any two side lengths of a triangle is greater than the
third side length.

AB + BC > AC
BC+ AC > AB
AC + AB > BC

Example A

Use the Triangle Inequality Theorem to tell whether a triangle can have sides
with the given lengths.

1. 5, 8, 10

? ? ?
5+ 8 > 10 5+10 > 8 8+10 > 5
13 > 10 15 > 8 18 > 5
True True True

The sum of each pair of side lengths is greater than the third length. So, a
triangle can have side lengths of 5, 8, and 10.
2. 7, 9, 20

? ? ?
7+ 9 > 20 7+20 > 9 9+20 > 7
16 > 20 27 > 9 29 > 7
False True True

Not all three inequalities are true. So, a triangle cannot have these 3 side
lengths.

Example B
Find the range of values for x using the Triangle Inequality Theorem.

1. x, 9 , 12

x+ 9 > 12 x+12 > 9 9+12 > x

x > 12- 9 x > 9 – 12 21 > x
x> 3 x > -3 x < 21

3 < x < 21

6
 Ignore the inequality with a negative value, since a triangle cannot have a
negative side length. So possible lengths are from 4 - 20.

2. The measure of a triangular shaped garden are 5 ft. and 8 ft. What is the
possible measure of the third side?

x, 5, 8

x+ 5 > 8 x +8 > 5 8+ 5 > x

x > 8-5 x > 5- 8 13 > x
x> 3 x > -3 x< 13

3 < x < 13
The possible measures of the third side are from 4 ft. to 12 ft.

What’s More

Activity 2: Let’s Solve

A. State if the three numbers can be measures of the sides of a

triangle.

1. 2,3 6
2+ 3 > 6 3+6> 2 2+ 6 > 3
5> 6 9> 2 8> 2
False True True

Ans. No
2. 4, 5, 7 3. 5, 6, 9 4. 2, 3, 10

B. Two sides of a triangle have the following measures. Find the range
of possible measures for the third side.

1. x,3,4

x+3>4 x +4 > 3 4+3 > x

x > 4-3 x > 3-4 7>x
x>1 x > -1 x< 7
ans. 1< x< 7

7
 2. 3.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: My Own

Create your own 2 problems applying Triangle Inequality Theorem with answer.

What I Can Do

Activity: Reflect

It is said that men are created equal by God. How will you justify this
statement when there are people who are rich while others are poor?

8
Lesson
HINGE THEOREM AND CONVERSE
3 OF THE HINGE THEOREM

What’s In

You learned to verify whether the three segments of given lengths

could be used to form one triangle. Now, let us take a look at how inequalities
can be put to work between two triangles.

What’s New

Activity 1: Picture Analysis

Directions: Observe and analyse carefully the picture below and write your
assumption based on the picture.

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/SegmentsAnglesTriangles/SATHinge.html

What Is It

HINGE THEOREM
If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle
and the included angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the
second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of
the second triangle.

9
 If AC > DF
then
𝐵> 𝐹

https://www.slideshare.net/smiller5/254-hinge-theorem

CONVERSE OF THE HINGE THEOREM

If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle
and the third side of the first is longer than the third side of the second, then
the included angle in the first triangle is greater than the included angle in the
second triangle.

If 𝐵 > 𝐹
then
AC > DF

https://www.slideshare.net/smiller5/254-hinge-theorem

Examples
1. Given AB XZ
520 , X = 320
Complete the statement with <, >, or =.
BC ____ YZ

Solution :
By the Hinge Theorem

BC > YZ
2. Given AB XZ
ML ML
Complete the statement with <, >, or = .
_____

Solution :
By the Hinge Theorem

<
3. Given AE FB
560, F = 690
Complete the statement with <, >, or =.
AC ____ BD

Solution :
By the Hinge Theorem

AC < BD

10
 What’s More

Activity 2: Less or More

A. Complete the statement with less than (<) or greater than (>).

1. 2.

XB ZB __

3. 4.

___ YZ ___BC

5. 6.

YX ___ZY __

11
 What I Have Learned
Activity 3: Create
Create 2 examples illustrating the Hinge Theorem and its converse.

What I Can Do
Activity 3: Inside my House
Cite a scenario inside your house which you think Hinge Theorem is applied.

Summary

In this module you have learned that:

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

o For any triangle, the measure of an exterior angle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its two remote interior angles.
o The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the
measure of either of its two remote interior angles.

Triangle Inequality Theorem

The sum of any two side lengths of a triangle is greater than the third side
length.

HINGE THEOREM
If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle and the
included angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the second, then
the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second
triangle.

CONVERSE OF THE HINGE THEOREM

If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle and the
third side of the first is longer than the third side of the second, then the included
angle in the first triangle is greater than the included angle in the second triangle.

12
Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read and answer the questions. Select the letter of the best answer from
among the given choices.
1. Which of the following statement is true. 6. A triangular garden has two sides
measuring 15 feet and 25 feet. What are
a. JL > KM the possible measures of the third side of
b. JL< KM the triangle?
c. KL = KM
d. JL = KL A. 0 feet to 10 feet
B. 11 feet to 39 feet
C. 10 feet to 40 feet
D. 11feet to 40 feet
2. Which of the following statement is true 7. In the figure below m P < m X. What
if m QRW < m XRW? conclusion can you make using the Hinge
Theorem?
a. WX>QW
b. WX < QW
c. QW = RW A. YZ > QR
d. WX = RW B. QR> YZ
C. PQ = XY
D. PR = XZ
3. Maria has 80 feet of fence to make a 8. In MNY and QRS, MN=QR, NY=RS,
triangular garden. Which of the following and m N>m R. What statement describes
sets of side lengths will NOT work? the relationship between AC and XZ?

A. 12 feet, 16 feet, 36 feet A. MY = QS

B. 18 feet, 26 feet, 36 feet B. MY> QS
C. 20 feet, 20 feet, 25 feet C. MY< QS
D. 20 feet, 28 feet, 30 feet D. MY QS
4. Angle 2 and 3 are interior angles of 9. Find the range of possible measures
PQR. Which statement is true? for the third side.

A. m 1<m 4 a. 4 < x < 8

B. m 3<m 2 b. 8 < x < 10
C. m 4>m 1 c. 4 < x < 12
D. m 3<m 4 d. 10 < x < 12

13
5. What is the value of x? 10. Find the value of x

a. 66 a. 1020
b. 68 b. 1110
c. 78 c. 1200
d. 88 d. 1220

14
 Key to Answers

Pre Test
1. A 6. C
2. B 7. A
3. A 8. B
4. C 9. B
5. A 10. A

Lesson 1:
Activity 2
A. B.
Name Remote 1. 680 2. 1180
Exterior
of Interior
Angle
Triangle Angles
d a b 3. 9 4. 21
LDR
PDR 4 1 2
Lesson 2:
Activity 2
A. B.
1. NO 2. YES 1. 1< x < 7 2. 3 < x< 19

3. YES 4. NO 3. 2 < x < 24

Lesson 3:
Activity 2
1. XB < ZB 2. ANL < RNL 3. 1 < 2

3. YZ > BC 5. YX > ZY 6. QRV < XRV

Post Test
1. B 6. B
2. A 7. A
3. A 8. B
4. D 9. C
5. A 10. A

15
References

 Crisostomo, R.et.al.(2013). Our World of Math. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.

 Tangara, S & Griffit D.,( 2019). Grade 8 Detailed Lesson Plan.
 DepEd Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module
 https://www.slideshare.net/smiller5/254-hinge-theorem
 https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/SegmentsAnglesTriangles/SATHing
e.html

16
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway,Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph

17