(a) Possible FRP

failure modes:

(b) Bending
moments:

M M
M

(c) Longitudinal
shear stresses at
FRP-concrete
interface (for
UDL):
 At the section under consideration,
determine the moments, and hence
strains, in the concrete, which exist at
the time of strengthening

Calculate the loads at the ultimate

condition and hence determine the
shear and moments in the section

Estimate the area of FRP strengthening

required according to Eqn 6.1

Assume an initial strain in concrete

cu2 or cu3

Assume a neutral axis position

Calculate compressive and tensile

forces in cross-section based upon
assumed linear strain profile where the
strain in the FRP takes the initial strain
in the concrete into account. Subtract
Asa from As if appropriate

Are compressive No
and tensile forces in Adjust position of neutral axis
equilibrium?

Yes

Calculate moment of resistance due to

compressive and tensile forces

(Continued)
 Is moment of No Increase assumed compressive strain in
resistance total ultimate concrete ( cu2 or cu3)
moment?

Yes
Do
longitudinal shear Yes
stresses result in debonding? Adjust quantity or configuration of
( ee 6.11.2) tensile FRP

No
Does
strain in FRP Yes
exceed design ultimate strain
(see separation failure
flow chart)?

No No

Is tensile Is
No moment of resistance >
strain in tensile steel >
0.002 + yk/ s S ? 1.15 × ultimate moment?

Yes
Yes

Check if additional longitudinal FRP is

required for additional force due to
increased shear demand

Check aspects of anchorage and

separation failure (see separation
failure flow chart)

Design
complete