Professional Documents
Culture Documents
unable to keep anything on the stomach, and what she vomited had
a slightly fecal odour. Ordered treatment to be continued.
May 10th.—Still no improvement. Vomiting decidedly sterco-
raceous ; unable to keep nourishment or medicine on the stomach.
Nutritive enemata tried but not retained. Bowels distended with
flatus, and the swelling in the right iliac fossa very tender on the
slightest pressure. Patient lies on her back with the knees drawn
up. Pulse about 140, very weak and thready. •
May 11th.—I was agreeably surprised to find E. G. much easier
this morning. For several hours during the night the vomiting,
and, in a great measure, the pain ceased. She had been able to
retain her medicine and some strong beef-tea. Pressure over the
ileo-cEecal valve still caused pain; but I could not detect the swelling.
On tracing the course of the large bowel, I found it about four
inches higher up. Diagnosing that the mass had passed the valve,
I prescribed an aperient. Injections, fomentations, &c., to be
continued as before.
May 11th.—Evening visit. The bowels acted slightly about four
hours after the aperient, the first time since the morning of the
6th. The mass could not now be felt where it was in the forenoon.
Patient complained of pain and distension of the rectum, and her
nurse told me she had difficulty in getting the injection thrown into,
the bowel.
May 12th.—During the night the patient passed, with difficulty,
a large mass of matted hair measuring about two and a-half inches
in length and about one and a-half inches in diameter at its thickest
part. It presented two points of constriction at the smaller
end, and had something of a pyriform appearance. The bowels
acted freely after the mass came away, and she had no return of the
vomiting.
From this date she continued to make rapid progress, and in ten
days was able to walk to my house to show, as she said, " how well
she had recovered."
On the 27th of May, I was again sent for to see E. G. She had
been in great pain all the previous night. When I saw her she was
vomiting incessantly, and the vomit had already a faecal. odour.
The abdomen was tympanitic, but not very tender on pressure. In
the right iliac fossa there was the same kind of swelling I detected
on a previous occasion, but larger and more tender on pressure. I
prescribed, as formerly, hot fomentations, copious injections, with
sedative draughts, every three hours.
May 28th.—Patient seemed much exhausted from constant pain
and vomiting. The latter decidedly stercoraceous. The bowels
'ere distended with flatus, and tender on pressure. Swelling
unaltered in the right iliac fossa.
May 29th.—Patient much improved. She has passed a quiet
night and retained some nourishment. Pain and vomiting decreased
in frequency and intensity. The swelling could be felt three or
four inches above its former situation. I prescribed a mild aperient,
telling the nurse to continue the injections.
R 2
100 Medical Society of rictorizt.
May 30th.—Patient this morning passed another large mass of
matted hair about two and a-half inches long, by one and a-half in
diameter, pyriform in shape, with two small protuberances at the
larger end, appearing as if they had been moulded in the proximal
end of the vermiform appendix. Rather a sharp attack of
diarrhoea set in after the mass came away ; but in a couple of days
this ceased, and she continued to make uninterrupted progress
towards perfect health. There has been no return of her complaint
up to the present time.
Dr. WIGO remarked that he had seen two cases of intestinal
accumulations, one consisting of the busks of oats in a man who
had been accustomed to take large quantities of porridge, the other
of small particles of chalk which had apparently been secreted.
The ACTING HON. SECRETARY then read the following paper :-
ON A CASE OF RETENTION OF JJRINE FOR UPWARDS
OF 48 HOURS. TREATMENT AND CURE.
By J. R. WYLIE, M.D., and M.C.
Surgeon to the Hamilton Hospital and Benevolent Asylum.
On the 3rd of Nov., 1871, I was hurriedly called to see a patient
just arrived at the hospital, and (4 o'clock p.m.) saw a young thin-
looking man, lying in a warm bath. I found him suffering acutely
from inability to pass water, and distension of the bladder. As he
seemed to get considerable ease from being in the bath, I allowed
him to remain there, and obtained the following history of the
case :—N. R. was 19 years of age, the only child of his parents,
who kept a farm about 20 miles from Hamilton, and with whom
he had lived from birth. He had led a quiet and strictly moral life
and generally worked on the farm, and on 1st Nov. about noon, he had
just finished splitting some wood, when unwittingly he struck a
small tough tree in such a manner, that a branch came down and
caught him on the point of the penis, causing him a little pain at
the time, but not sufficient to attract serious attention. In the
evening• he went to bed as usual, but on rising, Nov. 2nd, he could
not make water, and felt uncomfortable. This condition was aggra-
vated before night, and it was determined by himself and his
parents that if by the morning no relief came, he should go to the
Hamilton Hospital. Accordingly on the morning of the 3rd, after
enduring great and increasing pain, he undertook the journey in a
cart (without springs), and arrived at the hospital about 3.30 p.m.
in a very exhausted condition. Having gained this information, I
determined on and carried out the following treatment :
Nev. 3rd, 4.30 p.m.—Injected into the rectum one drachm of
Tincture of Opium, and made him swallow one ounce of Castor Oil.
7 p.m.—The patient feeling comparatively easy, and the oil not yet
having acted, I gave him another ounce ; the penis was swollen and
livid, but not firm or erect; the bladder was enormously distended
1 101
8721 Dr. WYLIE On a Case of •Retention of Urine.
and stood out distinctly, and was very hard to the touch. 8.30. p.m.
—He complained of pain and much peristaltic action. About
9 p.m.—His bowels acted freely and simultaneously the urethral
spasm gave way and his bladder was completely emptied. Having
administered a hypnotic of Hydrate of Chloral, I left him for
the night.
4th Nov., 11 a.m.—On paying my ordinary visit to the Hospital,
the patient stated that he could make water quite freely. He had
done so twice since I saw him on the previous night. Having
learned that he was habitually constipated, and as he requested leave
to go home, I discharged him with instructions for the future to
keep the bowels well open.
Remarks.—I submit this case for publication as it may appear to
others, as well as myself, a unique specimen of spasmodic stricture,
and together with the history of its cause and simple, but satis-
factory, treatment, worthy of a passing notice. I would add that
during a number of years' practice in India, I have frequently met
with this disagreeable affection, and in every instance found the
above treatment successful.
In the discussion which followed :
Mr. FITZGERALD had found always, in cases of spasmodic
stricture, the administration of chloroform, and the application of
ice to the glans penis, sufficient to overcome the obstruction. He
had used injections of opium, baths, Sic., with but qualified results.
The application of ice was frequently quite sufficient. If ice were
not available, cold water would sometimes be equally effectual.
Mr. GILLBRE thought in the case related, the catheter, under
chloroform, should have been employed. Referring to Mr. Fitz-
gerald's suggestion of ice, probably the ether-spray might effect the
same purpose.
Mr. WILKINS thought that as Dr. Wylie had had experience in
India in like cases, his opinion should carry some weight. It was
to be remembered that occasionally there was great difficulty in
introducing a catheter, owing to the swollen condition of the parts.
Mr. MACGILLIVRAY would certainly have employed chloroform
and the catheter in such a case as that related. He regarded it as
unsafe practice to leave a patient so long, under the circumstances,
without employing the catheter.
Dr. WIGG believed it to be doubtful if there were spasm at all
n the so-called cases of spasmodic stricture. The condition of the
iparts was much more likely to be that of tumidity. Sir Henry
Thompson had broadly denied the possibility of spasmodic stricture.
Mr. FITZGERALD could hardly accept this view. If there was ft
not stricture, what was the explanation of the difficulty in with-
drawing the catheter, and how was it possible for chloroform to
overcome the tumidity of the mucous membrane
102 Medical Society of Victoria.
REMOVAL QF THE TONGUE.
Mr. FITZGERALD exhibited a patient in whom he had excised the
tongue for epithelial cancer, about a fortnight previously. He
described the details of the operation, in which he had divided the
symphisis menti, in order to avoid injury to the muscles, and had
used the knife in preference to the ecraseur. The external incision
was healed, except at the point where the ligatures hung out, and
the man could articulate very fairly.
Mr. MACGILLIVRAY remarked that his experience of the ecraseur
in excision of the tongue was not confirmatory of this being the pre-
ferable instrument to use. He would not use the ecraseur where it was
possible to use the knife. He advocated also the method of dividing
the jaw notwithstanding the difficulty of effecting bony union after-
wards. In two of the cases he had had, bony union had been
perfect ; in the other in which, however, death followed speedily,
there had been no union. He had not found any difficulty in feeding
the patients.
Mr. WILKINS thought where the ecraseur was used, the power of
articulating would be more likely to be preserved.
Mr. MACGILLIVRAY did not suppose there would be any differ-
ence in this respect. It was really only a question of time. Cer-
tainly, in one case in which he had used the knife, the voice was
completely preserved, whereas in that where the ecraseur was used,
not only was the power of voice less, but the difficulty of swallowing
was comparatively greater.
Mr. FITZGERALD made a few remarks in reply, and next exhibited
a patient on whom he had performed
EXCISION OF THE FOOT,
By Professor Syme's method. The case was a good example of this
operation, and the man was able to walk almost without a limp.
The thanks of the meeting were given to Mr. Fitzgerald for
exhibiting the cases.
COAL ASH AS A DEODORANT.
Mr. WILKINS drew attention to the great value of coal-ash as a
deodorant, in the place of dry earth, in earth-closets. He had been
using it for some time, and found it preferable to the earth.
Dr. NEILD confirmed Mr. Wilkins' experience. Its use, however,
for this purpose was not a novelty, as in the north of Englard,
especially in the coal districts, it was generally employed for this
purpose.
THE CASE OF MR. W. H. JACKSON.
A meeting of the Committee of the Society was held on the 18th
instant, to consider the case of Mr. W. H. Jackson, L.A.H.D., of
Merino, who lately had returned against him a verdict of man-
slaughter for having caused the death of a child during birth. The
gravamen of the charge against him was, that instead
of the ordinary craniotomy instruments, he had used an
103
1872.] Dx. durtsort on Pyphoicl Poet.
ON TYPHOID FEVER.
By J. M. Guisi- sozi, M.D.
[Read before the South Australian Medical Association, Feb. 8, 1872.]
Before entering upon the subject of typhoid fever, it will be
permited me to offer a few remarks on fever in general, on fever viewed
as a genus having under it several species. Fever is a morbid state
characterised essentially by elevation of temperature ; calor prceter
naturam is the abstract definition given by Galen, and sixteen
centuries later, in our own times, as high an authority as Virchow
has confirmed the correctness of this definition and added nothing
to its completeness. Seeing then that fever consists essentially in
preternatural elevation of temperature, the next step in investigating
its natural history, will be an inquiry into the cause of this abnormal
heat. The natural heat of the body, as you are aware, is main-
tained by the continual combustion of the tissues, especially the
nitrogenous, and some components of the food. In fever the com-
bustion and heat are increased, for oxygen is supplied more abun-
dantly by the accelerated circulation, the regulating influence of
the nervous system is deranged, and the metamorphosis of the
tissues is carried on more rapidly. This rapid tissue-waste, and
the consequent emaciation of the body in fever, are, as a rule,
represented by an increase in the quantity and elements of the
excretions. In those cases where the opposite relation is observed
to exist, viz., where the products of tissue-combustion are voided
Joy the excretions in diminished quantity, and therefore retained in
the blood, they are ultimately either thrown upon special organs,
thus giving rise to local congestions and intercurrent disease,
or eliminated out of the system by those increased discharges,
which are termed critical, as often marking the defervescence
of the febrile state, and the accession of convalescence. This
augmented waste of tissues in fever, is due, no doubt, to some
104 DR. GUNSON on yphoid Fever. [April,
abnormal condition of nervous system produced by a specific poison
in the blood. What is the first link in this chain of events, the
inquination of the blood, or the derangement of the nervous
system, is a point not yet elucidated. We are also totally ignorant
of the actual nature and composition of fever-poisons, and know
not whether they be solid, fluid, or gaseous. The generally received
theory is, that specific poisons of organic origin act primarily on
the blood, by producing an excess of those decomposing organic
compounds, which are always present in the circulating fluid. The
action of these fever-poisons, like that of poisons in general, is
regulated by certain general laws, of which the most essential is
that each produces in the animal economy definite and specific
effects. For example, as strychnine always acts on the spinal cord,
digitalis on the heart, and arsenic on the mucous membrane of the
intestines, so, in like manner, the poison of scarlatina, of variola,
or typhoid fever, invariably induces phenomena peculiar to and
characteristic of each of these special diseases. Of course the
phenomena of every disease are modified in their development,
intensity, course, and termination, by such varied circumstances as
age, temperament, state of constitution and atmosphere ; and thus
arise the different forms and types of the same disease. From these
observations on the general pathology of fever, I will now proceed
to the more immediate subject of my paper, Typhoid Fever.
Typhoid fever is also called enteric fever. The German name for
the disease is abdominal typhus, and the French, dothien-enterite,
or entero-mesenterique fever. The American appellations are,
" Autumnal " and " Fall fever." Dr. Murchison calls it pythogenic
fever, in reference to its recognised cause, viz., putrid or cesspool
emanations. It is often popularly called bilious fever. The
remittent fever of infants is by many regarded as a modified form of
typhoid fever. The symptoms of typhoid fever present considerable
variety in the mode of their accession and in their gravity.
In some cases the invasion of the disease is so sudden and severe,
and its course so rapid, as to resemble cases of narcotico-acrid
poisonin In others the characteristic symptoms are gradually
developed', and some days elapse before the disease is fully
established. Again, in a third class of cases, the patient has been
feeling poorly, declining in health, for many days, even weeks, before
the characteristic systems of gastro-intestinal irritation reveal the
real nature of his malady. This prelusive stage of the symptoms
is called by many, the period of incubation of fevers. However,
the generality of cases of typhoid fever, set in insidiously, and
without marked premonitory symptoms. As in discussing elk
pathology and treatment of typhoid fever it will be necessarf
frequently to allude to the symptoms, it will therefore be convenient
to our purpose to describe them briefly here.
The invasion of the disease is generally marked by rigors or
chilliness, soon followed by heat of skin, lassitude, anorexia, head-
ache, and diarrhoea, often with and sometimes without bilious
vomiting. Other symptoms are tenderness of the abdomen,
1872.] DR. Gurisort on Typhoid Fever. 105
especially in the right iliac fossa over the cmum, tympanites, and
enlarged dulness over the seat of the spleen. From the sixth to the
twelfth day, the first crop of the characteristic eruption shows itself.
As the disease progresses, the countenance often wears an anxious
expression, but the mind generally continues clear, and when
delirium supervenes, it is of an active kind and only at night. The
characteristic symptoms are the spontaneous diarrhoea with abdominal
tenderness, and gurgling under pressure in the right iliac fossa.
The popular eruption on the skin is diagnostic of the disease. It
consists in bright rose-colored, small, round lenticular spots, coming
out in daily crops of from six to twelve on the surface of the
abdomen, thorax, back, and extremities, between the sixth and
twelfth day of the disease. Each spot gives a raised, rounded, not
pointed, feeling to the finger, and disappears momentarily on pres-
sure, and at the end of the third day it has completely faded away.
The pulse is increased in frequency from 100 to 130 or 140, and
generally continues soft throughout the disease. The tongue is
coated, and the papilla around the tip and edges are red and
prominent.. As the disease advances, it becomes fissured and covered
with a brownish fur of red, glazed, and cracked. The diarrhoea
presents peculiar characters ; it is spontaneous and frequent, from
three or four to a dozen discharges in the twenty-four hours, of a
thin bright yellow-ochre like, or pea-soup like fluid, containing
whitish floculi, albumen, and a large proportion of soluble salts.
They occasionally contain altered blood. The stools are alkaline
from the presence of a large proportion of ammoniaco-magnesian
phosphates, and their strong and offensive smell is partly due to the
same cause. The urine at first is scanty and high-coloured. It
is acid from excess of uric acid, and contains also a large quantity
of urea, but is deficient in chloride of sodium, as this salt passes out
of the system with the stools, and but little food is used. Vogel
found as much as 800 to 1000 grains of urea excreted in the twenty-
four hours, which is double the natural amount-400 grains. The
pupils are generally dilated ; in typhus fever they are contracted.
There is often great thirst and restlessness. The skin is hot and dry,
and attains its highest temperature in the evening, when it may mark
as high as 106 in the axilla, on the fourth and fifth day of the fever.
The face is flushed with a bright pinkish red, not the muddy dusky
tinge of typhus. Epistaxis sometimes occurs ; if early, and
moderate, it sometimes relieves. Deafness of one or both ears is a
symptom of the later stages. The spleen is often found much
enlarged, especially in young subjects. The stools are sometimes
likothy and muddy-looking ; and if metallic remedies, such as
151fsmuth, copper, &c., have been administered, they may become
brownish or greenish-black.
Much abdominal tenderness, with urgent and persistent diarrhoea
are unfavourable symptoms, especially if there is also h m morrhage
from the bowels. Albumen in the urine in large quantities, and its
persistence, after the third week, is a grave symptom, and so also is
a very active and noisy delirium. And the supervention of the
106 DR. GuIrsoN on Typhoid Fever. [April,
true typhoid state, viz., coma, subsultus, great prostration and
involuntary evacuations mostly ushers in a fatal termination. The
group of symptoms which I have just mentioned, as constituting
the typhoid state, are produced by the retention in the blood of those
products of the metamorphosis of the tissues, which it is the func-
tion of the kidneys to eliminate. Their presence, therefore, in a
case of typhoid fever tells us that the kidneys are implicated, usually
congested. The duration of typhoid fever is from three to four
weeks ; the average is twenty-four days. Relapses occasionally
occur during convalescence. There is a return of all the symptoms,
including the diarrhoea and spots, and the second attack may be more
severe or milder than the first. During its course, typhoid fever
may be complicated w ith bronchitis, pleuritis, pneumonia, congestion
of the liver, lungs, or kidneys, and peritonitis. This is a most
perilous occurrence. It is denoted by sudden and great increase of
abdominal pain and tenderness, vomiting, hiccup, and sinking. A
severe attack of typhoid fever usually leaves the patient feeble in
body and mind, and the recovery of animal and intellectual vigour
is a tedious work of time. A cessation of the diarrhoea, diminution
of the temperature, and thirst, are favourable symptoms. Persistent
diarrhoea, high temperature, and great prostration, are unfavourable
ones. Typhoid fever is as common in males as females ; but boys
are more frequently attacked than girls. It is chiefly a disease of
youth and adolescence, for the glandular apparatus of Peyer is then
at the height of its activity and development. After thirty the
glands begin to diminish, and before fifty all trace of their presence
in the alimentary canal has disappeared. The period of their
greatest activity is also the period of the greatest proclivity to the
disease. Here the question naturally suggests itself, can a person
in whom the solitary and agminate glands are extinct, become the
subject of an attack of typhoid fever ? Among 1820 cases,
Murchison quotes 26 as above fifty years of age. Were these
exceptional? and if so, in what respect Typhoid fever is more
prevalent in autumn than any other season, and after hot summers
than cool ones. Typhoid fever, unlike typhus, has no respect for
rank or wealth. It attacks the rich as readily as the poor. Indeed
it seems to have a preference for well-to-do people. The isolated
country mansion if exposed to the noxious effluvia of bad drains,
cesspools, or reeking dung-heaps, is as surely visited by this uncom-
promising disease, as the house similiarly endowed in the heart
of a crowded city. Ten years ago the Prince Consort was struck
down by it in the royal Castle at Windsor, and quite recently as
we have seen, the Prince of Wales has narrowly escaped the same
fate in the country residence of a nobleman. ►
The mode of death in typhoid fever is usually by asthenia. It
is endemic in some countries, as France, Germany, America, and I
may add in South Australia, at least in Adelaide and its neigh-
bourhood. I may here state, as the result of my experience, that
the Adelaide type of the disease resembles, in its essential features,
that which prevails in the mother country. With us, I believe,
1872.1 DR. GUNSON on Typhoid Fever. 107
the bowels keep them so. Patients will go for four or six days, or
even longer, without suffering inconvenience from this state of con-
stipation." This teaching of Pr. Todd's is at variance with the
time-honoured maxim of the ancients, " Never lock up the excre-
tions." Dr. Murchison, in his standard work, says, "from consider-
able experience in their use, I believe there is no remedy superior to
the mineral acids hydrochloric and sulphuric, I have rarely found
them contra-indicated by the abdominal symptoms." " If the
disease presents anything of a remittent character, I add about half-
a-grain of quinine to each dose." Elimination is to be encouraged,
he says, by maintaining the action of the kidneys and skin, and to
this end he gives nitric-ether and decoction of broom-tops. He
does not look upon diarrhcea as a process of elimination, `and there-
fore refrains from acting on the bowels. When the diarrhcea is
troublesome, to the extent of more than two or three motions in the
twenty-four hours, he adds two or three minims of the Liquor Opii
Sedativus to each dose of acid mixture, and should this not succeed in
checking it, he gives enemata of starch with laudanum. In still
more intractable forms of diarrhoea he administers acetate of lead
and morphia or opium, as originally recommended by Graves. In
addition to these remedies, Dr.M urchison employs hot fomentations
to the abdomen by means of linseed meal poultices, and wet flannels
covered with oiled silk. It will be both interesting and instructive to
exhibit, in juxta-position with this line of treatment, that extolled by
another eminent London practitioner, Dr. George Johnson, Physician
to and Professor of Medicine in King's College Hospital. He
strongly condemns the use of vegetable and mineral acids as irritat-
ing to the bowels. " In most cases of typhoid fever there must be,"
I quote his words, " more or less of diarrhcea, for morbid secretions
are poured out, which irritate the bowels, and have to be expelled.
The effect of repeated opiates is to lessen the sensibility and con-
tractibility of the bowels, and so to retain the morbid secretions until
they decompose, give off offensive gases, and thus become a fresh
source of irritation and distress." It will be seen that these two
authorities disagree on a most vital question, and I am afraid they
are likely to remain mutually unconverted, as the practice of each
has been crowned with great success. The method of treating
typhoid fever pursued in the hospitals of Paris by Trousseau, who
is regarded as the ablest exponent of the principles which rule the
French practice, is as follows : H e commences by giving a small dose
of a saline laxative, either a Seidlitz powder or sulphate of soda,
which, in his opinion, checks the diarrhcea by altering the secretions,
and is particularly useful when this is accompanied with much
maeorism. After this he administers absorbents, such as chalk and
bismuth, and rarely has recourse to opium. Should the diarrhcea
still persist in spite of the above remedies, his practice is to give one-
tenth of a grain of nitrate of silver every four or five hours in the
form of a pill. When there are much pain and tenderness in the
abdomen, leeches over the right iliac fossa, and afterwards a blister
in the same situation, employed. Dr. Warde, of the Dreadnought
110 DR. Gummi. on Typhoid Fever. [April,
out. The treatment of a severe case will last for from eighteen to
twenty-one days. I have known one case, the worst ever I saw
recover, occurring in an adult woman, lasting seven weeks, and in
interrupting the treatment on several occasions during that period,
the symptoms rapidly increased in severity. On the other hand, I
have seen some cases of so malignant a character, that no treatment
seemed to check the progress of the disease.
Wangaratta, January 12th, 1872.
REVIEWS.
Recollections of Past Life. By SIR HENRY HOLLAND, BART.,
M.D., F.R.S., Physician in Ordinary to the Queen.
This book might well have been called "The History of a For-
tunate Man," for it is a chronicle of every form of success, whether
professional, social, literary, or (the best of all) that of a happy
life. Sir Henry Holland was early thrown into the society of the
magnates of the country. At the age of twenty-six, he was
appointed travelling physician to the Princess of Wales, and soon
after commenced practice in London, with the advantages of a great
connection of the highest class. He had not even to take a hospital
appointment. It was decided that he should enter St. George's,
.
but no vacancy occurred for about four years, and by that time such
a position would have only been a burden to him, so much had
his practice increased. His good fortune followed him, and he went
on with a clientele of prime ministers, peers, and distinguished men
of all classes, until it became desirable that he should gradually
relinquish his work. Yet his income never reached the vast amount
made by several celebrated men. A t the commencement he resolved
it should never exceed £5,000 per annum, and he wisely kept to his
resolution. Two months of every year were passed in foreign
travel, and the evenings devoted to society or study.
Amongst his patients was Lord Palmerston, and Sir Henry notes
his continuous working powers, even during the severe pain of
gout. While any one else would have remained groaning on his
couch, Lord Palmerston would continue the usual labours of his
great office " writing or reading on public business almost without
abatement, amidst the chaos of papers which covered the floor as well
as the tables of his room." He was a good patient, and compliant in
every respect but in remitting his favourite occupation, and indeed
to him it acted as an anodyne.
Wollaston also was under Holland's care, and furnishes matter
for a characteristic anecdote. He died of a cerebral disease,
and while it was progressing, occupied himself by testing "the
changes taking place in the functions of his senses, his memory, and
his voluntary power. Diagrams and figures drawn upon a board
before him were among the means thus employed. He bad
118: Obituary. rApril,
manifestly much interest, if not indeed a certain pleasure, in
detecting the changes going on and in describing them to us. He
would admit no interpretation of them save in reference to that
final change which he constantly and calmly kept in view. It was
a self-analysis of mind carried on to the last moments of life."
The notes of travel, though old, retain their freshness, and the
reminiscences of distinguished men (often too brief), are of real
interest. The book is one to be idle over. No one would sit up at
night to read it, and very few would lay it down without taking it
up again. It suggests the quaint saying of George Sand, " Je revais,
pour me reposer d'avoir pense."
Obituarn.
DR. JOHN BAYLDON.
A feeling of deep regret has been occasioned in the profession by
the death of Dr. Bayldon, at Ararat Lunatic Asylum, where he was
temporarily in charge of that institution during the absence of the
superintendent, Dr. Robertson. Dr. Bayldon was so universally
liked by all who knew him, and so thoroughly respected by those
who had the opportunity of becoming aware of his high professional
attainments, that his death is felt to be a loss which cannot too
deeply be deplored. He was such a cheerful, genial companion,
and his general information was so great, that, even apart from his
1872.] Dr. John Bayldon.
LOCAL TOPICS.
At the meeting of the Medical Board, on April 5th, the following name
was added to the Register:— Edward Myers, \l elbourne, M.D., Lima 1867.
The following additional qualification was registered :—A. E. Byrn, Maldon,
L.M.F.P.S.G. 1864.
Dr. Warnock, one of the unsuccessful candidates in the recent Melbourne
Hospital election, has renewed his protest against the illegality of the
proceedings ; his reasons being that many subscribers were not given the
number of votes they were entitled to, according to the amount of their
subscriptions, and that corporate bodies were deprived of their voting power.
The Committee however have decided that the protest came too late, but
that if it had been sent in due course, there were no grounds for making it,
all the conditions necessary to render the election valid having been
complied with,
126 Local Topics. [April,
Dr. Edmund Vialls, M.R.C.S., L.S.A., and L.R.C.P. Ed., was elected
Resident-Physician to the Melbourne Hospital at the meeting of the Com-
mittee on the 2nd inst., in place of Dr. Addison resigned. Dr. Addison has
accepted the appointment of Resident Surgeon to the Lying-in-Hospital
in place of Mr. A vent resigned.
The following appointments were lately gazetted :—Thomas Naghten
Fitzgerald, L.R.C.S.I., to be assistant-surgeon to the Metropolitan Troop
V.V. Light Horse ; John Stuart, L.R.C.S. Ed., to be assistant-surgeon in the
Bendigo Vol. Rifle Corps. Public Vaccinators : Mr. H. Meyler, L.A.H.D.,
for the district of Mount Moriac ; Mr. J. F. Bond, L.A.H.D„ for the district
of Ceres ; Mr. F. L. Collier for the district of Greytown. James Vernon
McCreery, L.R.C.S.I, has been appointed acting-superintendent of the
Ararat Lunatic Asylum in place of Dr, Bayldon.
The man Wall, of Sandhurst, who has previously been fined for illegal
practice, and against whom a verdict of manslaughter was recently returned,
was, on the 16th, at the City Police Court there, charged with falsely
representing himself to be a medical man, but was discharged by the bench,
as the chief witness against him stated that Wall had never " represented
himself " to him as a doctor, though he had taken his money and prescribed
for him ! The law-officers have declined to proceed against Wall on the
criminal charge.
The Geelong Hospital has been incorporated under the Hospitals and
and Charitable Institutions Act, and on the 10th inst. a meeting of the
contributors was held for the purpose of electing the committee, honorary
medical officers, and the making of bye-laws for the regulation of the
institution. Mr. Walsh was elected one of the honorary medical officers,
the election of the other being postponed until the next meeting. On the
17th, at an adjourned meeting, Dr. Day was elected.
Lectures in elementary anatomy in connexion with the gymnastic
exercises of the training classes under the Board of Education, commenced
to be given on the 9th inst.
At the meeting of the Melbourne Hospital Committee on the 9th inst.,
it was resolved that a sub-committe be appointed to confer with other
institutions, as to the propriety of procuring some legal enactment for the
prosecution of persons detected in impositions on the several charities of
the colony.
Some months ago Dr. Lloyd, J.P., of Hotham, was fined 2s. 6d. by Mr Stu rt,
P.M., and other justices, for having two unregistered dogs in his possession.
Dr. Lloyd at the Banco Court, last term, tried to upset the conviction. On
the 23rd ult., he again brought the matter before the Court, his counsel
applying for a rule absolute to quash the justices' order, on the ground,
above all others, that the appellant should have been fined 6s. instead of
2s.6d., the former sum being the minimum penalty under the circumstances.
The Court refused the rule with costs,
A son of Mr. Martyr, M.R.C.S. and L.S. A„, of Sebastopol, was dangerously
wounded in the hand at the late review, by the explosion of a cartridge
fired from a rifle, in which three or four cartridges had been rammed.
It has been determined by the Committee of the Melbourne Hospital
not to fill up the office vacated by Dr. Lawrence, but (hat the resident
physician and surgeon respectively be responsible for the admission of
patients on reception days, and that an assistant be engaged to attend to
the casualty-room,
The Argus of April 1, has the following :—Dr. Patrick Smith, of whose
appointment as resident medical officer of the Ararat Lunatic Asylum we
lately made mention, was presented a few days ago, on leaving the
Benevolent Asylum in this city, with an address signed by 500 of the
inmates. The address expressed, in emphatic terms, the gratitude of the
subscribers for the kindness and attention that had been shown them by
him, and the regret felt at his having relinquished his connexion with the
institution,
1872.] Local Topics. 127
The Nelson Examiner lately narrated the death of a child from the
bite of a spider :—" As a lady was visiting the hop gardens one day
last week, carrying her infant, about five weeks old, covered with a shawl,
the child suddenly shrieked, and on moving the shawl, a large speckled
spider was found upon the child's hand. A few hours afterwards the symptoms
of bite from a poisonous animal showed themselves, and notwithstanding
all the care, medical and otherwise, bestowed upon it, the poor infant died
about three days afterwards, the symptoms of blood poisoning being very
apparent."
A patient about to he operated upon by Mr. Girdlestone, died from the
effects of Chloroform at the Alfred Hospital on the 19th inst.
"A local doctor," so one of the daily journals of the 23rd inst. says,
" has been burnt in effigy at .Cooma for refusing to attend a lady when
called upon. The case was one of childbirth, requiring medical aid."
An inquest was recently held at Bairnsdale on the body of a child who
bad died from the administration of sulphuric acid, administered in
mistake for sulphurous acid, which had been recommended to the mother
to give for the relief of croup.
A ward for lunatics is to be erected in connexion with the Geelong
Hospital.
The Annual Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society was held on the
26th nit, the president Mr. Johnson in the chair. The hon. secretary
Mr. Bosisto, read the report, which stated that there were thirty-one mem-
bers and four associates. The council during the past year had chiefly
acted in relation to the Pharmacy Bill. A copy of the first draft of the bill
was sent to the whole of the chemists and druggists in Victoria. The
replies received acquiesced in the principles of the bill, and the suggestions
made had been acted upon. The council received a letter from Sir James
M'Culloch, when Chief Secretary, intimating the desirability of a conference
with the Medical Society on the Pharmacy Bill. The result was that a
Pharmacy Bill satisfactory to the council and the Medical Society was pre-
pared. The council anticipated its introduction into Parliament during the
coming session. The translation of Professor Wittstein's new work on
Vegetable Chemicals was retarded in publication for a short time from
unforeseen circumstances, but it would be shortly be in the hands of the
printer. The work would be found of good service towards advancing
pharmaceutical chemistry throughout Australia. The Conversazione given by
the president in the month of August last, was in every way a success. The
balance-sheet showed an amount to the credit of the society of £78 4s. 5d.
The report was adopted, and the proceedings terminated.
A case of some interest to the medical profession was heard in the Banco
Court on the 23rd ult. It was an appeal by William Norris against a decision
of the magistrates at Sale fining him £10, under the Medical Practitioners
Statute, for irregular practice. It was admitted at the hearing of the case
that the defendant was not registered under Part 1 of the Medical
Practitioners Statute, 1865, or under one of the Acts thereby repealed, and
it was proved by the complainant constable that the defendant had
attended in a medical capacity a child named Michael Williams, who died
during such attendance, and that the defendant had delivered a
certificate of the death to the deputy registrar of births and deaths
for the district, signet' " William Norris, medical practitioner." On
behalf of the defendant it was proved, by his own evidence, that he had
passed through a regular course of medical and surgical instruction,
and had practised as a medical man regularly in this colony since
1st January 1853, and that he bad forwarded to the Medical Board
of Victoria some time in the year 1868, documents and evidence in
support of these facts, and that they were returned to him with no other
intimation than that his application was too late, and that he should have
forwarded such documents and evidence while the Medical Practitioners Act
of 1862 was in force, The defendant contended that he could prove such
128 Notices to Correspondents. [April,
facts to the satisfaction of the board, and had acquired a right of privilege
to continue practising as heretofore, and was exempt from penal proceedings
by virtue of section 14 of the Medical PIsctitioners Act of 1862, and that
such right or privilege was not affected b the Act of 1865. On the part of
the defendant, it was argued that s ction 2 of the Act 1865 pro-
vided that nothing therein contained should affect atly right or privilege
acquired under previous Acts, and that the section under which the
defendant was convicted being a penal section, must be construed with
strict reference to his position at the time the Act was passed, and section 14
of the Act of 1862 provided that "nothing herein contained shall be
construed to apply to or interfere with any person who can prove to the
satisfaction of the Medical Board of Victoria, that he has passed through a
regular course of medical or surgical instruction, and has practised regularly
in Victoria since the first day of January, 1853, notwithstanding such
person may never have received a diploma, licence, or certificate entitling
him to practice." As the defendant could prove to the board that he had
passed through a regular course of medical and surgical instruction, and as
he had practised regularly in the colony since the 1st of January, 1853,
Mr. Fellows maintained that the defendant had been wrongfully convicted.
On the other side Mr. Adamson submitted that as the defendant had not
proved the facts before the board, he was not entitled to practise, and
therefore the conviction was valid. Their Honours reserved judgment.
A ship with Scandinavian immigrants arrived at Wellington (N.Z.) on
the 10th ult., having on board some cases of small-pox. Considerable alarm
had been occasioned, as it would appear that the Vaccination Act has never
been enforced, and that the native population has never yet submitted to it.
The medical officer of the ship had been placed under arrest for having
reported the disease as measles.
DEATH.
BAYLDON. —on the 6th April, at the Ararat Lunatic Asylum, John Bayldon, 31.B., and
B. Sc., Lond., L.R.C.P., and L.R.C.S. Ed., aged 35.
BarNroN.—On the 21st April, at his residence, Hawthorn, Thomas Baynton, Surgeon,
in the 80th year of his age.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
In the Journal for March, at page 94, an error occurs in the letter which
Mr. Ford addressed to the City Council. Instead of "the inhabitants that
allowed such a state of things," it should be the " authorities that
allowed, &c."
Communications have been received from the following gentlemen :
Dr. Jamieson, Dr. Wigg, Dr. Day, Dr. Webb, Mr. Ford.
The following publications have been received: " The Lancet," for
Jan. 20, 27, Feb. 3, I 0 ; " The British Medical Journal," for Feb. 10 ; "1The
Medical Press and Circular," for Jan. 24, Feb. 14 ; " The Chemist and
Druggist," for Jan. 15, " Triibner's American and Oriental Literary
Record," for Jan. 15 ; " The European Mail," for Feb. 23 ; " Ulteriori Studi
intorno alla cura del morbo Indostanico per Socrate Cadet ; " " The
Daylesford Mercury," for Mar. 30, April 6 : " The Medical Record," (New
York) for Jan. 2, 15, Feb. 1 ; "Report of the Committee of Trustees of
the Industrial and Technological Museum," for 1871 ; " The American
Chemist," for January and February.
Library Digitised Collections
Title:
Australian Medical Journal 1872
Date:
1872
Persistent Link:
http://hdl.handle.net/11343/23136
File Description:
Australian Medical Journal, April 1872