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Sheet (4)
Chain and Tape Corrections
Study these examples very well; you will have a quiz next week
1. Correction of Absolute Length
Let,
𝑙 = designated length of the tape
𝑙𝑎 = absolute length of the tape
Then correction per chain length
𝑐 = 𝑙𝑎 − 𝑙
𝟐
∗
𝑳∗
𝑨 =𝑨
𝑳
2. Correction of Slope
If length measured “L” and the difference in the levels of first and last point
“h” are given then correction for slope is:
𝐶𝑠𝑙 = 𝐿 − 𝐿2 − ℎ2
If measured length “L” and its slop 𝛳 and are given, then
𝑪𝒔𝒍 = 𝑳 − 𝑳 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜭
This correction is always subtractive.
𝑪𝒕 = 𝑳 𝛂 (𝑻𝒎 − 𝑻𝟎 )
𝑷 − 𝑷𝟎 𝑳
𝐶𝑝 =
𝑨𝑬
While taking reading, if the tape is suspended between two supports, the
tape sags under its own weight. Hence, measured length is more than the
actual length. Hence, this correction is subtractive. This correction is given by:
𝟐
𝟏 𝑾
𝐶𝑠 = 𝑳
𝟐𝟒 𝑷
Where:
Examples
Example 1:
Solution
0.05
𝐶𝑎 = 2000 𝑥 = 3.33 𝑚
30
True length = 2000 + 3.33 = 2003.33 m
0.125
𝐶𝑎 = 500 𝑥 = 2.08 𝑚
30
True length = 500 + 2.08 = 503.08 m
Example 2:
Solution
0.1
𝐶𝑎 = 841.5 𝑥 = 4.21 𝑚
20
Actual length of line = 841.5 + 4.21 = 845.71 m
Example 3:
A tape was tested before starting the survey and was found to be exactly
20 m. At the end of the survey it was tested again and was found to be 20.12
m. Area of the plan of the field drawn to a scale 1 cm = 6 m was 50.4 cm 2.
Find the true area of the field in square meters.
Solution
Scale = 1 cm = 6 m
𝟐𝟎.𝟎𝟔 𝟐
𝑨∗ = 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟒. 𝟒 = 1825.3 m2
𝟐𝟎
Example 4:
An old map was drawn to a scale of 1:1000. The field was surveyed with a
30 m tape which was actually 5 cm too long. An original length of 10 cm has
now shrunk to 9.75 cm on the plan. The plan area measured with a
planimeter is 97.03 cm2. Calculate the actual area of land in hectares.
Solution
Scale 1: 1000
∴ Measured area on ground A = (10)2 x 102.07 = 10207.0 m2
Nominal length of tape = 30 m
Actual length of tape = 30 + 0.05 = 30.05 m
𝟑𝟎.𝟎𝟓 𝟐
Actual area A* = 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟕
𝟑𝟎
= 10241 m2
= 1.0241 hectare
Example 5:
Find the total horizontal distance measured using (a) exact formula (b)
approximate formula.
Solution
ℎ 12 ℎ 22 ℎ 32
Correction = + +
2𝑙 1 2𝑙 2 2𝑙 3
= 0.693
Example 6:
Solution
Slope is at 𝛳 = 14o
Example 7:
Find the true length of the line if the coefficient of thermal expansion is
62 x 10-7 per 1oF.
Solution
= 818.588 m
Temperature Correction =
𝑪𝒕 = 𝑳 𝛂 (𝑻𝒎 − 𝑻𝟎 )
Example 8:
Length of tape = 30 m
α = 11.2 x 10-6 /Co
Tm = 20oC and T0 = 15oC
Correction for temperature
= 𝑪𝒕 = 𝑳 𝛂 (𝑻𝒎 − 𝑻𝟎 )
= 30 x 11.2 x 10-6 ( 20 – 15 )
= 1680 x 10-6 = 1.680 x 10-3 m
𝑷− 𝑷𝟎 𝑳
Correction for pull = 𝐶𝑝 =
𝑨𝑬
P = 160 N
P0 = 100 N
A = 0.08 cm2
E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 = 2.1 x 107 N/cm2
𝟏𝟔𝟎− 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟎
Correction for pull = 𝐶𝑝 = = 1.071 x 10-3 m
0.08 x 2.1 x 10 7
Example 9:
Calculate the sag correction for a 30 m steel tape under a pull of 100 N in
three equal spans of 10 m each. Unit weight of steel is 786 kN/m 3. Area of
cross-section of tape is 8 mm2.
Solution
P = 100 N
L = 10000 mm for each span
Correction for sag for each span
𝟐
𝟏 𝑾
𝐶𝑠 = 𝑳
𝟐𝟒 𝑷
=
𝟐
𝟏 𝟔. 𝟐𝟖𝟖
𝐶𝑠 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 1.6475 mm
Correction for sag for the three spans
= 3 x 1.6475
= 4.94 mm
Example 10:
= 78 x 10-6 N/mm3
Each span is of 30/5 = 6 m = 6000 mm
Weight of tape per span of 6 m = 78 x 10-6 x 8 x 6000 = 3.744 N
Correction for sag in mm unit per span
𝟏 𝟑.𝟕𝟒𝟒 𝟐
𝐶𝑠 = 6000 = 0.3504 mm
𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟎