American National Standard for Rotary Pump Tests 9 Sylvan Way Parsippany, New Jersey (07054-3802ANSUHI3.6-1994 American National Standard for Rotary Pump Tests ‘Sponsor Hydraulic Institute Approved August 22, 1994 American National Standards Institute, Inc.American National Standard Published by ‘Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, ‘substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. ‘Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution, The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does rot in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from. manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. ‘The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moveover, no person shail have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the tile page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action bbe taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of ‘American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling ‘or writing the American National Standards institute. Hydraulic Institute 9 Sylvan Way, Parsippany, NJ 07054-3802 Copyright 1994 © by Hydraulic Institute All rights reserved. 'No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Recycled ISBN 1-880952-07-6 Paperrr Type of performance test... NPIPR (net positive inlet pressure required) . Terminology . Performance test ‘Acceptance .. Witnessing of tests. ‘Acceptance level . Acceptable deviation of independent test quanites from specified values. Acceptable deviation of dependent test quantities {from specified values for Type Ill and Type IV testing . . Instrumentation... ‘Test setup and procedure Records . . Calculations .. Plotting of results Report of test for Types Ill and IV Hydrostatic test (optional) Test parameters, Test procedure . Records . Net positive inlet pressure required test (optional) ..... Test equipment Acceptable deviation of test quantities. Test procedure . Data presentation . Capacity measurement .. ‘Capacity measurement by weight Capacity measurement by volume . ‘Other methods of measurement . Measurement of pressure ....... Power measurements . .. Methods for rotary speed measurement ‘Temperature measurement . .. Sulabe terval tween calbratios for performance test instruments . 5 =Foreword (Not part of Standard) Purpose and aims of the Hydraulic Institute ‘The purpose and aims of the Institute are to promote the continued growth and well- being of pump manufacturers and further the interests of the public in such matters as are involved in manufacturing, engineering, distribution, safety, transportation {and other problems of the industry, and to this end, among other things: 2. To develop and publish standards for pumps; b. Tocollect and disseminate information of value to its members and to the public; cc. To appear for its members before governmental departments and agencies and other bodies in regard to matters affecting the industry; 4. To increase the amount and to improve the quality of pump service to the public; @. To support educational and research activities; {To promote the business interests of its members but not to engage in business of the kind ordinarily carried on for profit or to perform particular services for its members or individual persons as distinguished from activities to improve the business conditions and lawful interests ofall ofits members. Purpose of Standards 1. Hydraulic Institute Standards are adopted in the public interest and are designed to help eliminate misunderstandings between the manufacturer, the purchaser, andior the user and to assist the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper product for a particular need. 2. Use of Hydraulic Institute Standards is completely voluntary. Existence of Hydraulic Institute Standards does not in any respect preclude a member from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to the Standards. Definition of a Standard of the Hydraulic Institute Quoting from Article XV, Standards, of the By-Laws of the Institute, Section B: “An Institute Standard defines the product, material, process or procedure with reference to one or more of the following: nomenciature, composition, construction, mensions, tolerances, safety, operating characteristics, performance, quality, rating, testing and service for which designed.” Comments from users ‘Comments from users of this Standard will be appreciated, to help the Hydraulic Institute prepare-mare useful future editions. Questions arising from the content of this Standard may be directed to the Hydraulic Institute. It will direct all such ‘questions to the appropriate technical committee for provision of a suitable answer, Ita dispute arises regarding the contents of an Institute publication or an answer provided by the Institute to a question such as indicated above, the point in question shall be referred to the Executive Committee of the Hydraulic Institute, which then shall act as a Board of Appeals.Revisions ‘The Standards of the Hydraulic Institute are subject to review, and revisions are Undertaken whenever it is found necessary because of new developments and progress in the art. Scope This Standard applies to industrial rotary positive displacement pumps. It includes, detailed procedures on the setup and conduct of hydrostatic and performance tests, of such pumps. Units of Measurement US Customary units of measurement are predominantly used, and, where ap- propriate, Metric unit equivalents appear in brackets following the US units. Sample calculations are shown with US units only. Consensus for this standard was achieved by use of the Canvass Method ‘The following organizations, recognized as having an interest in the standardization of rotary pumps were contacted prior to the approval of this revision of the standard. Inolusion in this list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI. ‘Agrico Chemical Corporation John Carollo Engineers American Petroleum Institute John Crane Inc. ‘Amer. Society of Heating, Refrigerating Malcolm Pimie, Inc. & Air-Conditioning Engineers Marine Spill Response Corporation ‘Amer. Society of Mechanical Engineers Min Proc Eng., Inc. ‘Amoco Oil Company Mobil Research & Development Corp. ‘Aurora Industries ‘Monsanto Chemical Company Black & Veatch ‘Montana State University BP America Montgomery Watson Brown & Caldwell M. W. Kellogg Company ‘Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. Naval Sea Systems CHEM Hill Naval Surface Warfare Center Chiyoda international Corporation Newport News Shipbuilding Commonwealth Edison ‘Oxy Chem DeWanti & Stowell Pacific Gas & Electric Dexter Corporation Raytheon Engineers & Constructors DuPont Engineering Riverwood Intemational Georgia, Inc. Durametallic Corporation ‘San Francisco Bureau of Engineering Edison Electrical Institute ‘Siemens Energy & Automation Electric Power Research Institute ‘Simons-Eastem Consultants Florida Power Corporation ‘Sordoni-Skanska Construction Co. Florida Power & Light Star Enterprises Fluor Daniel State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins, Co. Freese and Nichols, Inc. State of California Dept. of Water Res. G.E. Motors Stone & Webster HOR Engineering ‘Summers Engineering, Inc. Holabird & Root . Hopkins, Consultant Hydraulic Institute Tennessee Eastman Institute of Paper Science & Tech. Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Co. J. Brunner - Consultant US Bureau of Reclamation ii3.6 Test This standard recognizes various performance test levels designated to permit a reasonable selection of tests, tolerances, and accuracy re- quirements appropriate for the application and the customer's needs. Tests which conform to the requirements of this standard shall be designated as tests conducted in accordance with the Hydraulic Institute Test Standards. ‘These standards apply to tests of the pump only, unless stated otherwise. Recorded data and the final report may include information on drives and auxiliary equipment and must be identified as such. The type of test performed and the auxiliary equipment to be used (purchaser's driver, gear box, etc.), should be agreed upon in writing by all interested parties prior to the test. It is the intent of this. standard to offer testing procedures to be used by all testing facilites. itis ot the intent to limit or restrict tests to only those described herein. Variations in test procedures may exist without violating the intent ofthis stand- ard. Exceptions may be taken to the provisions of this standard if properly agreed upon by the par- ties involved without sacrificing the validity of the applicable parts of the standard, Since pumps are used to handle different liquids or liquid/solid mixtures, itis necessary to limit this standard to the testing of pumps with readily available test liquids. For other than normal test liquids, some methods and procedures not out- lined herein may be required. This test standard provides procedures for con- ducting and reporting various levels of tests of rotary pumps. The objective of the standard is to establish a uniform demonstration of a pump's ability to per- form satisfactorily both mechanically and hydraulically. This standard does not include vibration or acoustical testing ‘The quantitative values observed and recorded will depend on the type of test specified. The quantitative indices are the same for a particular type of test no matter what type of pump is specified. HI Rotary Pump Te 1994 3.6.1. Type of performance test Internal [RPM RPM RPM quality | pressure | pressure | pressure assurance capacity | capacity test power ‘Type Ill and IV have two levels of acceptance for the quantitative values. The level of test is to be level A unless otherwise specified by the user. Refer to Paragraphs 3.6.4 and 3.6.5. Optional tests: Hydrostatic Test and Net Positive Iniet Pressure Required Test are separate tests and are described in Paragraphs 3.6.10 and 3.6.11 3.6.2 NPIPR (net positive inlet pressure re- quired) NPIPR (net positive inlet pressure required) is the pressure required, above liquid vapor pressure (bubble point), to fill each pumping chamber or cavity while open to the inlet chamber. It is ex- pressed in psi (kPa). Many liquids handled by rotary pumps have an unpredictable or very low vapor pressure (bubble point). Most of these liquids also have entrained and dissolved gas (frequently air) as well. The practical effect of dissolved and entrained gas is, to increase the NPIPR in order to suppress the symptoms of cavitation. While true cavitation oc- curs if the liquid reaches its vapor pressure (bub- ble point) during filling of the pumping cavities, ‘most of the cavitation symptoms will be exhibited before reaching liquid vapor pressure (bubble point). This is largely due to the entrained and dissolved gas expanding when subjected to reduced pressure. Since the level of dissolved {gas is a function of the liquid and its temperature and the level of entrained gas is a function of system design and operation, NPIPR for a rotary pump is difficult to establish with precision. Normal NPIPR tests are conducted in a test en- vironment that minimizes entrained gas. NPIPR is established at the first indication of any of the following: 1) A 5% reduction in capacity at constant differential pressure and speed; 2) A 8% reduction in power consumption at constant differential pressure and speed;HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 3) The inability to maintain a stable differen- tial pressure and speed; 4) The onset of loud or erratic noise when this. criterias previously agreed upon by all parties. 3.6.3. Terminology The following terms, symbols, units, abbrevia~ tions and definitions are used to designate test parameters or are used in connection with pump testing. For symbols and subscripts, refer to Tables 3.3 and 3.4. 3.6.3.1 Specified condition point Specified condition point is synonymous with rated condition point. 3.6.3.2 Rated condition point Rated condition point applies to the capacity, pressure, viscosity, speed and power specified by the purchaser. 3.6.3.3 Displacement (0) The displacement of a rotary pump is the volume displaced per revolution of the rotor(s). It may be calculated from the physical dimensions of the imping elements, or it may be determined em- pirically as the volume of fluid pumped per revolu- tion at zero differential pressure. in pumps incorporating one or more rotors operating at different speeds, it is the volume displaced p revolution of the driving rotor. The standard unit of displacement is the cubic inch (mL) per revolu- tion. A variable displacement pump shall be rated at its maximum displacement. 3.6.3.4 Slip (S) Slip is the quantity of fluid which leaks through internal clearances of a pump per unit of time. It is dependent upon the internal clearances, the differential pressure, the characteristics of the fluid handled, and, in some cases, on the speed. Slip is determined from the following equation: (US units) $ (Metric) S 3.6.3.5 Capacity (Q) ‘The capacity of a rotary pump is the quantity of fluid actually delivered per unit of time, including both the liquid and any dissolved or entrained gases, at stated operating conditions. In the absence of any vapor entering or forming within the pump, capacity is equal to the volume displaced per unit of time, less slip. 3.6.3.6 Pump volumetric efficiency (nv) ‘The pump volumetric efficiency is ratio of the actual pump capacity to the volume displaced per Unit of time. The formula for computing volumetric efficiency in percent is: 2310 On (US units) ny: x 100 16.7x 10°Q Dao x 100 (Metric) n 3.6.3.7 Speed (n) ‘The speed of a rotary pump is the number of revolutions per minute of the rotor(s). In pumps incorporating two or more rotating elements operating at different speeds, itis the speed of the driving rotor. 3.6.3.8 Metering efficiency (nm) For any specified range of operating conditions, the ratio of a rotary pump's minimum volumetric efficiency to its maximum volumetric efficiency, expressed as a percent, is the metering efficiency (Nim) of the pump over the range. ny min m= Seman * 100 3.6.3.9 Pressure (p) Pressure is the compressive stress in a liquid at given point. has the units of force per unit area, ‘The barometric pressure (pp) shall be zero gauge pressure. Pressure measurements relative to this datum will be positive or negative. The absolute pressure (pa) is the algebraic sum of gauge pres- ‘sure (pg) and barometric pressure (pp) and may be defined as pressure above zero pressure ab- solute.Table 3.3 - Symbols US Customary Conversion symbol Term Unit Abbreviation | Metric unit. | Abbreviation | factor *) A Area ‘square inches in? ‘square millimeter mm? 645.2 D Displacement cubic inches/revolution in/rev millliters/revolution mUrev 16.39 d Diameter inches in imeter mm 254 a (deta) itterence dimensionless - dimensionless. - 1 1 (ota) Eficoncy percent % percent % 1 F Force pound-force tot Newton N 4.448 9 Gravitational acceleration feot/second/second usec | _meterisecond/second vet 0.3048 ‘y(gamma) Specific weight pounds/eubic foot tom? | kloNewton/eubie meter | —_kN/m® o.s7t h Head feet ft meter m 0.3088 . Speed revolutions/minute pm revolutions/minute ‘pm 7 NPIPA | Net positive intet pressure available | pounds/square inch psi kellopascal Wa 6.895 NPIPR_ | Net positive inlet pressure required | pounde/square inch psi kilopascal ka 6.895 v (nu) Kinematic viscosity feet squared/second t/sec millimeter squared/sec mm/s 92900, x pi=3.1416 dimensionless = dimensionless - 1 P Pressure pounds/square inch psi kilopascal kPa 6.295 Pp Power horsepower hp kilowatt ww 0.7487 Q Capacity US gallons/minute ‘gpm cubic meter/hour mh 0.2271 ° Specitc gravity dimensionless - dimensionless = 1 s Slip US galions/minute gpm ‘cubie meterthour mm 02271 t Temperature degrees Fahrenheit * dogrees Celcius c (F-22) x50 (tau) Torque pound-teet Ibft Newton — mot Nem 1.386 v Velocity feot’second fvse0 meter/second mis 0.3048 x Exponent one none none none 1 z Elevation gauge distance ahove feot ft meter m 0.3048 or below datum 1 Conversion factor x US units = Metric units. 661 — 1801 dung Ae0u 1HHI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 Table 3.4~ Subscripts Subscript | Term ‘Subscript Term a ‘Absolute mot Motor > Barometric OA Overall unit d Outlet (discharge) P Pump 8 Gauge s Inlet (Suction) im Intermediate mechanism t Theoretical m Metering v Velocity, volumetric, max Maximum rd Vapor pressure rin Minimum w Liquid 3.6.3.10 Gauge pressure (Ps) 2780 (Metric) v==7° ‘The pressure energy of the liquid determined by A a pressure gauge or other pressure measuring device relative to the atmosphere. 3.6.3.11 Datum The datum is the reference line or centerline of the pump inlet from which the elevations of gauges are measured. 3.6.3.12 Elevation pressure (P2) The potential energy ofthe liquid due to the eleva- tion of the gauge or liquid surface above the datum, expressed as equivalent pressure. It is positive when the gauge is above the datum and negative when the gauge is below the datum. 3.6.3.12.1. Elevation head (2) The vertical distance from the centerline of the pressure gauge oF liquid surface to the datum. 3.6.3.13 Velocity pressure (p,) ‘The velocity pressure is the kinetic energy of the liquid flow expressed in equivalent pressure. It is defined by the expression: 33 sv? 29 (US units) py= 9.8sv™ (Metric) p= 255 In the following expression, the velocity (v) is calculated for flow in the pipe where the gauge is connected: (US units) 14 Outlet pressure (p) The algebraic sum of the gauge pressure, the velocity pressure and the elevation pressure as ‘measured at the pump outlet 2 (US units) pa= pg + oazas| zf| 2 (Metric) pa= Pg-+ a4 23] ‘The measuring location should be in the outlet pipe between 3 and 4 pipe diameters after the pump ‘outlet connection. 3.6.3.15 Maximum allowable working pres- sure ‘The maximum allowable working pressure is estab- lished by the manufacturer and is the maximum allowable difference between the absolute pressure of the liquid at the outlet port and the absolute ambient pressure. 3.6.3.16 Inlet pressure (ps) The inlet pressure is the algebraic sum of the gauge pressure, the velocity pressure and the elevation pressure as measured at the pump inlet: 2 (US units) ps= pg + 0423. Zot ra 2 5c) pex vi (were) o=9+984| 22434]For the tests, ps is equal to gauge pressure at the Pump inlet, which is pg, providing the gauge is within + 2.6 feet (0.75 m) elevation of the outlet gauge and pipe velocity is less than 15 ft/sec (4.5 ms). The symbol (ps) may be positive or negative with reference to atmospheric pressure and may, there- fore, have positive or negative values. The symbol is called inlet pressure when positive and inlet vacuum when negative. The measuring section should be located in the inlet pipe immediately before the pump inlet connection. 3.6.3.17 Maximum allowable inlet working pressure The maximum allowable inlet working pressure is established by the manufacturer and is the maxi- mum allowable difference between the absolute pressure of the fluid atthe inlet port and the absolute ambient pressure 3.6.3.18 ent I pressure (Ap) ‘The differential pressure is the algebraic difference of the outlet pressure and inlet pressure, with terms expressed in lke units: Ap = pd — Ps 3.6.3.19 Maximum differential pressure (Apmax) The maximum differential pressure is the maximum allowable difference between the absolute pressure of the fluid at the outlet port and the absolute pres- sure of the fluid at the inlet port. 3.6.3.20 Net positive inlet pressure available (NPIPA) ‘The net positive inlet pressure available is the al- gebraic sum of the inlet and barometric pressure minus the vapor pressure of the liquid at the inlet temperature: NPIPA = ps + Po Prp 3.6.3.21 (NPIPR) ‘The net positive inlet pressure required is the mini- mum allowable difference between the absolute pressure ofthe liquid at the inlet port and the vapor pressure of the liquid expressed in psi (kPa). Net positive inlet pressure is called net positive suction head when expressed in feet (meters) of liquid. See Paragraph 3.6.2 for more detail on the determina- tion of NPIPR. Net positive inlet pressure required HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 3.6.3.2 Power(P) Power is the work requirement per unit of time to ‘operate the pump, expressed in the following units: 1) US units - horsepower 2) metric — kilowatts 3.6.3.23 Total input power (Prot) ‘The total input power is the power required by the pump motor or prime mover under stated operating conditions of the pump. Itis sometimes called driver power or motor power. 3.6.3.24 Pump input power (Pp) The pump input power (sometimes called brakehorsepower) is the power delivered to the pump drive-shaft, under stated operating conditions of the pump. Itis less than the total input power by the amount of power loss in the driver and transmis sion devices. 3.6.3.25 Pump output power (Pu) ‘The pump output power is the power imparted by the pump to the liquid discharged from the pump, under stated operating conditions of the pump. Itis frequently called liquid horsepower. It is less than the pump input power by the amount of power loss inthe pump. 3.6.3.26 Intermediate input power (Pin) ‘The intermediate input power is the power delivered to the intermediate mechanism (drive) and equals the driver output power. 3.6.3.27 Motor efficiency (nm) The motor efficiency isthe ratio ofthe driver output, power to the total input power, expressed as a percent (%). 3.6.3.28 Intermediate mechanism efficiency (nim) This is the ratio of the intermediate mechanism. ‘output power to the intermediate mechanism input power expressed as a percent (%).. 3.6.3.29 Overall efficiency (noa) ‘The overall efficiency is the ratio of the pump output power to the total input power. Its sometimes called overall unit efficiency, or unt eficiency. ‘The formula for computing overall efficiency as a percent is: Pw noa= px 100HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 3.6.3.30 Pump efficiency (np) The pump efficiency, sometimes called pump mechanical efficiency, is the ratio of the pump out- put power (Pw) to the pump input power (Pr). The formula for compt percent is: Pu nox pex 100 Specific weight (7) ‘The specific weight of a liquid is the weight per unit volume. 19 pump efficiency as a 3.63.31 3.6.3.32 Specific gravity (s) ‘The specific gravity of a liquid is a dimensionless ratio of its specific weight to the specific weight of water at 68°F (20°C). 3.6.4 Performance test 3.6.4.1 Acceptance Pumps must be closely checked for satisfactory mechanical operation during performance testing The degree and extent of such checking is inde- pendent of the test type and acceptance level. 3.6.4.2 Witnessing of tests ‘The purchaser or designated representative may witness the test if specified in the purchase order. 3.6.4.3 Acceptance level Level A is the normal level of acceptance for test with this standard and will apply unless otherwise specified. 3.6.4.5 Acceptable deviation of dependent test quantities from specified values for Type Ill and Type IV testing Level A Level B (Normal) | (When specitied) 100 100 Rated | *7398% +at* capacity (Q= gpm) a ia Pump input +0 +0 power") (Pp) Total input power")(Pmot) +0 +0 1) When adjusted to rated pressure, speed and viscosity Test instrumentation should be sufficient to ade- quately measure relevant test conditions for the specified level of testing. Instrument accuracy re- quirements are defined in Paragraph 3.6.4.6.1. Level A instruments need not be calibrated specif- cally for each test but are to be periodically calibrated as noted by the manufacturer. Level B instruments are to be calibrated as specified in Paragraph 3.6.12. Description and setup of com- monly used instruments, suggested maximum period between calibration, and computation of pressure are shown in Paragraphs 3.6.7 to 3.6.12, 6 Instrumentation 3.6.4.6.1 Fluctuation and accuracy ‘Acceptable | Accuracy of the Level B will apply when specified by the purchaser. fluctuations of | average test average test | reading as a 3.6.4.4 Acceptable deviation of independent readings asa) percentage test quantities from specified values percentage Level a|s|als Level A Level B (Norma) | (When specified) Capacity a ee Outlet Pressure | Outlet | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 ga 21% £1% orHead oe] e |e | 2) pressure ‘ner PumpinputPower| 2 | 2 | 15 | 1.0 gauge £5% £5% Total inputPower| 2 | 2 | 15 | 15 = Pump Speed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 ee — J Temperature | °F | a | a | 1 Viscosity 27.5% 25% (1.720) (1.78)Prossure gauge ‘Thermometer Valve for throting ‘suction Flow meter if location is In suction HI Rotary Pump Test— 1994 Damponing device Satetyroliet valve Info stabiizer (required on positive (optional) displacement pumps) ‘Outlet stabilizer. Pressure gauge (optional) J Va Dampering device a Discharge contol ‘device Preferred flow. ‘meter lotion Altemate heat ‘exchanger location Discharge (Open or closed tank Figure 3.45 - Recommended test setup 3.6.4.7 Test setup and procedure 3.6.4.7.1 Setup This section contains general guidelines for pump test setup, to ensure accurate and repeatable test results, ‘The test setup shall include provision to vary inlet and outlet pressures and to measure: = liquid temperature at the pump ink —_ pressure at the pump inlet and outlet; = capacity (Type Ill and IV); pump speed; pump input power (Type IV); total input power (Type IV). Careful inspection shall be made before, during and after the test to insure the proper operation of the pump and measuring instruments. Instru- ments for measurement must not affect the purnp performance. ‘The pump test may utilize, but is not limited to, the following: 1) The baseplate or foundation. This should be rigid enough to maintain the alignment between the pump, driver and inlet and outlet Piping; 2) Facility or purchaser-tumished driver. depending on the method used to measure ump input power, efficiency data may be re- quired: 3) Facility or purchaser-urnished speed- ‘eduction unit, if required. To accurately estab- lish pump input power, efficiency data may be required: 4) Dampening devices may be used for the inlet and outlet gauges, such as needle valves or capillary tubes to dampen out the pressure pulsations at the gauges; 5) An inlet and outlet stabilizer may be used; 6) Ameans for measuring input power to the pump shall be provided, when required by the test level, suitable for measuring the complete range of power; 7) Ameans for measuring pump speed shall be provided, such as a revolution counter or timer, tachometer, frequency-response device or stroboscope; 8) A means for measuring the temperature of the test liquid shall be provided;HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 9) The actual dimensions of the suction and discharge openings where pressure readings are to be taken shall be determined, so that Proper velocity pressure corrections can be made; 10) Atypical est setup is shown in Figure 3.45. Note: Not all equipment shown is required for each test. 3.6.4.7.2 Con ns The important factors affecting test results are: = Inlet conditions: Specified inlet conditions shall be simulated as closely as the test facilite’s ‘equipment permits. Should corrections be necessary because of speed, viscosity, tempera- ture or specific gravity deviations, these shall be based on available performance data; = Outlet pressure: The outlet pressure shall be as specified. When itis not possible to obtain the specified pressure, the test data shall be extrapolated to the specified outlet pressure in accordance with the procedures unique to the product being tested: = Speed: The pump speed shall be as specified. When it is not possible to obtain the specified speed, corrections to the capacity and input powerto correspond to the specified speed shall be made (see Correction to specified speed, Paragraph 3.6.4.9.5); = Liquid temperature, viscosity and specific gravity: Test shall be made using Newtonian liquids such as clean oll or clear water at the liquid temperature, viscosity and specific gravity available at the test site, The variety and characteristics ofthe fluids handled by rotary pumps make it impractical and, in many cases, impossible for the pump manufacturer to provide specified fluids for tests. When the manufacturers test liquid does not match customer's specified liquid, item corrections for temperature, specific gravity or viscosity shall be made in accordance with the procedure unique to the product being tested. 3.6.4.7.3 Procedure Data where applicable shall be obtained prior to the test run. See Table 3.5 for test tabulation sheet. Typically, the prerun data may include: 1) Record of pump type, size and serial num- b 2) Toverity liquid viscosity and specific gravity, temperature of the liquid should be taken before and after testing; 3) Record of critical installation dimensions ‘such as tank internal dimensions, pipe internal dimensions and lengths, and liquid levels (sub- ‘mergence) relative to datum; 4) Record of driver data such as type, serial number, horsepower, speed range, amperage, voltage and efficiency; 5) Record of auxiliary equipment; 6) Instrument calibration records and correc- tion factors; 7) Identity of test personnel; 8) The actual dimension of the areas where pressure readings are to be taken shall be deter- mined so that proper velocity head corrections can be made. Collection of Level B test data shall not commence Until a satistactory preliminary run has been made to.assure the proper operation of the pump and test ‘equipment and the correct routine of observations has been established. ‘The test shall begin only when steady test condi- tions have been established, as determined by acceptable fluctuations per Paragraph 3.6.4.6.1. ‘Steady test conditions must be held throughout the duration of the test. Test measurements must be sulficiently accurate and consistent to fall within acceptable accuracy deviation and fluctuation ranges. All quantities determined from a series of readings shal be the average of observations made at equal time intervals. Errors detected in results computed during the test must be immediately corrected. Er- rors detected in results computed after the test may be just cause for retest. Complete records of all collected data and computed results shall be fur- ished to all parties to the test. A standard test shall consist of operation at one or more test points (Type | and I!) or three or more test points (Type Ill and IV). The speed, liquid tempera~ ture and inlet and outlet pressures shall be adjusted to the test conditions, with capacity and power readings recorded (Type Ill and IV). For pumps operating at constant speed, the speed shall be maintained constant within the sip limits of the motor, and the pump shall be operated at addi- tional values of outlet pressure, with capacity and power readings recorded for each.HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 Table 3.5 - Test tabulation item Measurement US units | Metric unite | Measurement pointe | Reading number 2 [Pump speed om pa 3 | Inet pressure aig orin, ig | KPa 4 psig Pa 5 _| Differential pressure psi kPa 6 | Barometi pressure pela KPa 7__| Elevation of gauges fro) | mor [eT Specie grav [97 Teepacity (337 erm ‘gpm moh [a2 [7 Mass of qui cotected b io 9.3 Volume of liquid collected gal im 8.4 | Collection period min he 95 Pump displacement intirev Urev 10 | Lguid description = = 71 | guid terporature F e 12 _| Liquid specific weight Tot? kN/m3 13 | Liquid vise ‘ssuU mm/s 14 | Torave 1 Nm 15 | Pump output power * fw 16 | Pump input power tp ew 17_[ Pump efficiency % % 18 | Volumetric efficiency % % For pumps operating at variable speeds, the outlet pressure shall be maintained constant, and the ump shall be operated at additional speed values, with capacity and power readings recorded for each. 3.6.4.8 Records Complete written or computer records shall be kept of al information relevant to a test and retained on file, available to the purchaser from the test facility, fortwo years. ‘The manufacturer's serial number, type and size, or ‘other means of identification of each pump and ‘river involved in the test shall be recorded in order that mistakes in identity may be avoided. While these records apply to the complete unit including the driver, the standard itself applies only to test of the pump. 3.6.4.8.1 Typel ‘The Type | test is a running test in accordance with the manufacturer's standard for quality assurance and commercial performance criteria. Test data is ‘not furnished to the purchaser. 3.6.4.8.2 Typell Type I test is a running test to confirm the ability of the specific pump to perform mechanically at the speed and pressure established by the contract. A certificate of compliance shall be given to all inter- ested parties. 3.6.4.8.3 Type ill and IV Type Ill and Type IV running tests are more exten- sive and may have data sets according to Table 3.5 furnished to all interested parties. 3.6.4.9 Calculations 3.6.4.9.1 Differential pressure 4p = pa-Ps 3.6.4.9.2 Input power It input to the pump has been read in speed and 9HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 torque units, the formula for pump input power (Pp) is: (US units) Pp ne 5250 ’p (Metric) Pp apo kw Note - See Paragraph 3.6.9 for more information. 3.6.4.9.3 Output power I pump efficiency is to be plotted, pump output power must be calculated. The formula for pump ‘output power (Pw) i Gap (US units) Pu= F754 hp The formula for pump efficiency (ng), sometimes called pump mechanical efficiency, as a percent is: Pu Pe x 100 =p, 3.6. 9.5 Correction to specified speed Where specified speed cannot be attained during a test, corrections to capacity and pump power input shall be made by using methods given below. These corrections should be limited to speeds within 50% of the specified speed. Correction to capacity - At any value of differential pressure with constant viscosity, capacity will vary as: a-[ Bass -s Where: Qi = Capacity at test speed; Qe = Capacity at specified speed; 1 = Test speed in rpm; ng = Specified speed in rpm; S=Slip. The value of pump displacement used to deter- mine slip is to be furnished by the manufacturer. 10 Correction to Power: Pe= ol are ~P I ‘Where: Pe = Input power at specified speed; P1 = Input power at test speed; na = Specified speed in rpm; 1 = Test speed in rpm; Pt = Theoretical output power at test speed or: ‘Dn aq |(4P) (US units) Pr= WS Dn a |(a7) _ {16.7107 (Metric) Pre ey re Values of [>= xa15 ‘The speed correction exponent ‘x’ for horsepower may be between 1.25 and 2.05 since this is design dependent. Refer to the manufacturer for recom- mendation of appropriate exponent based on pre- Ye given in Figure 3.46 for 2 18 Hoertt 16 y 14 12 ale os 1 12° ~«44~«48 mB m Figure 3.46 — Speed correction values for pump input power for x = 1.5eapacty 0) g z g etianey me é i < Power input (Pp) i é é Diterenta prossue ap ate see rume peenancs 5 anata spead 3 = | Capacity (a) 8 cs g ste t a & é z B | Power input (Pp) z i i Speed (n), rpm Figure 3.48 — Pump performance at constant pressure 3.6.4.10 Plotting of results For Level B, before plotting results, corrections HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 must be made to inlet and outlet pressure measure- ments. After corrections, differential pressure is computed. Plotted results shall depict adjusted values of capacity and power where adjustments are required. Performance may be plotted at constant speed as shown in Figure 3.47 or at constant pressure as shown in Figure 3.48 3.6.4.11 Report of test for Types Ill and IV 3.6.4.11.1 Level Atest Aplotted performance curve meets Level A require- ‘ments and shall be furnished. 3.6.4.11.2 Level Btest Al parties to the test shall be furnished a copy of the following documents that constitute the Report of Test: = A General Information Data Sheet that lists pertinent general information and data not recorded during the performance test. Typical data that may appear on the General Informa- tion Data Sheet are listed in Figure 3.49; = Specifications of measuring instruments shall be given when requested; — APertormance Test Data Sheet with record of all data taken during the performance test along with calculated values and adjusted cal- culated values shall be provided; = A performance curve indicating capacity, efficiency and power versus differential pres- sure at constant speed or one of capacity, efficiency and power versus speed at constant differential pressure shalll be prepared for Type WVtests. Depending on variables such as specified condi- tions, type of pump, etc., the manufacturer may choose to combine the General information Data ‘Sheet and the Performance Test Data Sheet into a single form. Such a combined form must, how- ever, list all data pertinent to the conduct and results of the test, When a performance test deviates from the provision of this standard per mutual agreement of the contracting parties, the Report of Test shall include a written report on the deviations. "HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 General Data 1) Date of test 2) Location 3) Manufacturer 4) Purchaser 5) Test conducted by, Test witnessed by 6) Pump size, type, model number i) hunt 8) Driver manutacturer, size, type, hp, speed, characteristics (voltage, frequency, phase) calibration data 9) Driver serial number 10) Intermediate mechanism, manufactured by, type, serial number, speed ratio, efficiency Test information Pressure (all tests): 11) Method of measuring pressure 12) Pressure instrument description inlet make calibration data ‘SIN outlet make calibration data SIN Capacity (Type Ill and IV): 48) Method of measuring flow rate 14) Flow rate instrument descr ‘ype Power (Type IV only): 15) Method of measuring power 16) Power instrument description Temperature (all tests): 17) Method of measuring temperature 18) Temperature instrument description ‘Speed (all tests): 19) Method of measuring speed 20) Make and serial number of instrument 21) Calibration data 22) Other conditions not noted above Specified conditions 23) Liquid pumped specific gravity vapor pressure liquid viscosity at pumping temperature 24) Pump speed, rpm 25) Net inlet pressure 26) Outlet pressure 27) Differential pressure 28) Capacity (Type ill and IV only)___________ (specify) 29) Pump output power (Type IV only) 30) Pump input power (Type IV only) ‘maximum power specified 31) Pump efficiency (Type IV only) Figure 3.49 - Information data sheet 123.6.5 Hydrostatic test (optional) The object is to demonstrate that the pump when subjected to hydrostatic pressure will not leak or {ail structurally. For purposes of this requirement, the containment of liquid means only prevention of its escape through the external surfaces of the pump, normally to atmosphere. 3.6.5.1 Testparameters = Components or assembled pumps: The test shall be conducted on either the liquid-con- taining components or the assembled pump in accordance with manufacturer's standard pro- cedures; = Components: The test shall be conducted on the liquid-containing components. Where appreciable pressure gradient exists across the part, care must be taken not to impose excessive pressure on areas designed for lower-pressure operation; = Assembled pump: The test shall be con- ducted on the entire liquid-containing area of the pump, but care must be taken not fo impose excessive pressure on areas such as low-pres- sure sections or mechanical seal areas; - Test pressure: Normal test pressure shall be 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure, but no less than 50 psig (350 kPa). - Test duration: Test pressure shall be maintained for a sufficient period of time to permit complete examination of the parts under Pressure. The hydrostatic test should be con- sidered satisfactory when no leaks or structural failures are observed for a minimum of 3 minutes for pumps 100 input hp (75 Kw) and below, 10 minutes above 100 input hp (75 Kw). = Temperature correction: If the part tested is to operate at a temperature at which the strength of material is below the strength of the material at room temperature, the hydrostatic test pressure should be multiplied by a factor obtained by dividing the allowable working stress for the material at room temperature by that at operating temperature. This pressure thus obtained will then be the minimum pres sure at which hydrostatic pressure should be performed. The data sheet should list the ac- tual hydrostatic test pressure and test tempera- ture. HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 3.6.5.2 Test procedure Items to be tested shall have all the openings adequately sealed. Provisions shall be made to vent all the air at the highest point on the item. The item shall be filled with the test liquid pres- surized and the test pressure shall be maintained for the duration of the test. No leakage through the item tested shall be visible; however, leakage through stuffing box packing shall be permitted. 3.6.5.3 Records Complete written or computer records of all relevant information should be kept on file, avail- able to the purchaser by the test facility for two years. This information should include: 1) Identification of model, size, serial num- ber, 2) Liquid; 3) Maximum allowable working pressure of the liquid-containing component of the pump; 4) Hydrostatic test pressure, temperature and test duration; 5) Identification of the individual responsible {or recording the test results. 3.6.6 Net positive inlet pressure required test (Cptional) The object is to provide a basic test method to determine the Net Positive Inlet Pressure re- quired (NPIPA) for a rotary pump when tested at the manufacturer's facility under test conditions. ‘Alternate test methods are available that can pro- vide equally satisfactory results; however, no al- ternate test methods are described herein. 4.6.6.1 Test equipment - Test circuit: The test circuit shall be similar to Figure 3.45; Liquid: A liquid such as water or a petroleum-base liquid with known charac- teristics may be used. Liquids used shall have predictable vapor pressure; - Viscosity: Liquid viscosity shall be as close as practical to the specified value; = Aeration: Liquid aeration shall be mini- mized by proper system design and adequate removal of air from the system before testing. 13HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 Other precautions follow: — submerged retum lines; ~ reservoir sized to allow air removal; = control valve sized to permit achieving required pressures, positive or negative, without more than 50% throttling; = inlet line property located to prevent ~ reservoir baffles to isolate inlet from return line; = pipe joints and stuffing boxes tightened to guard against air leakage into the system; — proper adjustment of stuffing boxes. ~ Instrumentation: Refer to Paragraphs 9.6.4.6 and 3.6.4.6.1. 3.6.6.2 Acceptable deviation of test quantities See Paragraphs 3.6.4.4 and 3.6.4.5. 3.6.6.3 Testprocedure ‘The pump shall be installed on a test stand having a suitable driver, and the alignment and direction of rotation shall be checked. ‘The pump shall be operated with fixed conditions as specified below until system equilibrium is achieved and fluctuations are within the limits in Paragraph 3.6.4.6.1: differential pressure shall be held constant at specified condition or at manufacturer's recommended alternative; = fluid viscosity and temperature shall be held constant; — pump speed shall be held constant; ~ initial inlet pressure shall be atmospheric, or as low as practical and yet sufficient to obtain maximum pump capacity. ‘The control valve located in the inlet line shall be closed gradually, and the control valve in the outlet line simultaneously opened, so thatthe inlet pressure is incrementally reduced while the dif- ferential pressure is held constant. This process shall be continued until the capacity is reduced sharply. The criteria for determining NPSHR are listed in Paragraph 3.6.2. 4 3.6.6.4 Datapresentation ‘The Net Positive Inlet Pressure required is ex- pressed as a specific value at the fixed test con- ditions. ‘When required, curves may be generated by vary- ing pump speed or fluid viscosity, thereby produc- ing a series of values for the different conditions. 3.6.7 Capacity measurement Capacity instruments are classified into two func- tional groups. One group primarily measures quantity, and the other primarily measures rate of flow. 3.6.7.1 Capacity measurement by weight This is done by measuring the change in weight of a tank during a measured period of a liquid of known and consistent specific gravity. The tank can be located on the iniet or discharge side of the pump, and all flow in or out of the tank ‘must pass through the pump. Measurement of capacity by weight depends upon the accuracy of the scales used and the accuracy of the measurement of time. Scale weight readings shall be measured to an ac- curacy of one-quarter of one percent. The time interval from the collection period shall also be measured to an accuracy of one-quarter of one percent. 3.6.7.2 Capacity measurement by volume This is done by measuring the change in volume of a tank or reservoir during a measured period of time. The tank or reservoir can be located on the inlet or discharge side of the pump, and all flow in (or out of the tank or reservoir must pass through the pump. ‘The liquid levels in a reservoir shall be measured by means such as hook gauges, floats and verti- cal or inclined gauge glasses. Consideration should be given to the geometric regularity (la ness, parallelism, roundness, etc.) of the reser voir surfaces and its stability under changing hydraulic loads or dimensional changes due to thermal effects. Positive Displacement Meters provide direct reading volume measurement. The time interval for the collection period shall also be measured to an accuracy of one-quarter of one percent.3.6.7.3 Other methods of measurement When the methods of quantity measurement described above are not applicable, there are other methods not included in this standard which may be utilized, subject to agreement by the interested parties in advance of a performance test. Some of these methods are: a) tagging methods; salt velocity; = dye dilution; — thermal pulse; = neutral density immiscible particles; hydrogen bubble technique. b) head meters; elbow meter; - orifice plates; - nozzles; — venturi meters; - dahl tube. ©) acoustic methods; ~ doppler velocimeter; = turbulence noise calibration. ) electromagnetic methods; ~ magnetic induction velocimeter, = laser doppler velocimeter. €) hydrodynamic oscillators; swirlmeter; = vortex shedding flowmeter, vortex flowmeter; = fluidic flow measurement; — hydrodynamic oscillator flowmeter. f) drag force meters; calibrated drag body; — weirs; = pitot tubes. HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 3.6. Measurement of pressure The units of pressure and the definition of dif- ferential pressure and its component parts are covered under Paragraphs 3.6.3.9 through 3.63.19. Itis important that steady flow conditions exist at the point of instrument connection. For this reason, it is necessary that pressure or head measurement be taken on a section of pipe where the cross section is constant and straight. Two diameters of straight pipe of unvarying cross sec- tion following any elbow or curved member, valve, or other obstruction are necessary to insure steady flow conditions, If the pipe friction loss between the pump dis- charge flange and the point of instrument connec- tion is significant, it should be added to the outlet pressure (Py). The friction factor used for the calculation should be based on the appropriate roughness ratios for the actual pipe section. See Paragraph 3.6.3.13 for the definition of the outlet pressure. ‘The following precautions shall be taken in form- ing orifices for pressure-measuring instruments ‘and for making connections: = the opening in the pipe shall be perpen- dicular to the wall of the liquid passage; ~ the wall of the liquid passage shall be smooth and of unvarying cross section, for a distance of at least the larger of two pipe diameters or 12 inches (300 mm) preceding the orifice. All tubercles and roughness shall be removed with a file or emery cloth. Brass plug Nipple ‘connects, here Approx. 2 rad. Figure 3.50 — Pressure tap opening with corrosion-resistant plug 15HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 Nipple connects here pooroe 2rd Weld rox. 2rd, Peron g Minimum Figure 3.51 — Welded-on pressure tap ‘opening f-—Vent Valve Pressure Tap Valves (4) et Figure 3.52 — Loop manifold connecting pressure taps = the opening shail be of a diameter “d" from 1/8 to 1/4 inch (3 to 6 mm) and a length equal to twice the diamet —_ the edges of the opening shall be provided with a suitable radius tangential to the wall of the liquid passage and shall be free from burrs. or irregularities. Figures 3.50 and 3.51 show two suggested arrangement of taps or orifices in conformance with the above. = _manometers, when used on very viscous products with wet lines interfacing directly or indirectly to the manometer, require larger inlet taps into the pipeline to avoid excessive lag time for fluid to stabilize in the measuring sys- tem (see Figure 3.52). 16 Where more than one tap or orifice is required at a given measuring section, separate connections, properly valved, shall be made. As an alternati Separate instruments shall be provided. Muttiple orifices can be connected to an instru- ‘ment except on those metering devices such as venturi meters, etc. where proper calibrations have been made on an instrument of this form. The multiple orifices can be connected to a manifold and then to an instrument. With four or more pressure readings, there will be no more than 1% pressure variance between readings (see Figure 3.52). {All connections or leads from the orifice tap shall be tight. These leads shall be as short and direct as possible. For the dry-tube type of leads, suitable drain pots shall be provided and a loop shall be formed of sufficient height to keep the Pumped liquid from entering the leads. For the wet-tube type of leads, vent cocks for flushing shall be provided at any high point or loop crest to assure that there are no leaks. Suitable damping devices may be used in the leads. It the conditions specified above cannot be satis- fied at the point of measurement, it is recom- mended that four separate pressure taps be installed, equally spaced about the pipe, and the pressure at that section be taken as the average of the four separate values of pressure. If the separate readings show a difference of static pressure, such installation shall be corrected or an acceptable tolerance determined, The following information states suitable arrange- ‘ments for various types of instruments, formulas for transforming instrument readings into pres- sure, for expressing instrument pressure as elevation over a common datum, and for correct- ing same for the velocity pressure existing in the suction and discharge pipes. 3.6.8.1 Measurement of pressure by means of calibrated gauges Many types of pressure indicators may be used. Some applicable types are: - pressure transducers-strain gauge and magnetic type; — diaphragm-activated magnetic linkage type; _bellows-actuated torque-to-transter type;Pg Gauge ‘connection Zz Figure 3.53 - Use of calibrated bourdon gauge — bourdon tube-actuated gear type. When gauge pressure is above atmospheric pres- sure and the connecting line is completely filled with liquid, as in Figure 3.53, then: 2 (US units) our oae( 20% ]caso8) 2 (wets poppe 24% aoe) See Paragraphs 3.6.3.12 and 3.6.3.13 for meas- urement at Zand v. 3.6.9 Powermeasurements Pump input power may be determined by trans- mission dynamometers, torsion dynamometers, strain gauge type torque measuring devices, or by the use of calibrated drivers. Measurement of power shall be concurrent with capacity measurement. Methods of measurement of input power to the pump fall into two general classes: 1a) Those which determine the actual power oF torque delivered to the pump and are made during the test by some form of dynamometer or torque shaft; b) Those which determine the input power to the driving element, taking into account the driver efficiency when operating under specified conditions. When pump input power is to be determined by dynamometers, the unloaded dynamometer shall be statically calibrated prior to the test by measur- ing the angular deflection for a given torque and HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 the tare reading on the dynamometer scale being taken at rated speed with the pump disconnected. After the test, the calibrations shall be recheck to assure that no change has taken place. In the event of an appreciable change (greater than + 1.5%), the test shall be rerun, The use of calibrated dynamometers or motors should be considered to give satisfactory meas- Urement of input power to the pump. Cradle electric and dynamometers shall not be employed for testing pumps with a maximum. torque below one-quarter of the rated dynamometer torque. Calibration of the dynamometer shall be con- ducted with the rotor torsion indicator in place. ‘The indicator shall be observed with a series of Increasing loadings and then with a series of decreasing loadings. During the taking of rea ings with increasing loadings, the loading shall at no time be decreased; similarly, during the decreasing loadings, the loading shall at no time be increased. The calculation of output shall be based on the average of the increasing and decreasing loadings as determined by the calibra- tion. Ifthe difference in readings between increas- ing and decreasing loadings exceeds 1%, the torsion dynamometer shall be deemed unsatis- factory. When strain gauge type torque measuring devices are used to measure pump input power, they shall be calibrated, with their accompanying instrumentation, at regular intervals. After the test, the readout instrumentation balance shall be rechecked to assure that no appreciable change (greater than + 1.5%) has taken place. In the event of an appreciable change, the test shall be rerun. Calibration laboratory type electric meters and transformers shall be used to measure power input to all motors. Calibrated electric motors are satisfactory to determine the input power to the pump shaft. The electrical input to the motor is observed, and the observations are multiplied by the motor efficien- ey to determine input power to the pump shaft. Where the efficiency of the motor is questionable, its efficiency shall be determined by measuring the electrical energy input and the mechanical energy output by dynamometer or by electrical methods—ANSV/IEEE-112 Method E or F as ap- propriate. The electric input power to the motor 7HI Rotary Pump Test— 1994 shail be measured at the motor terminals by any acceptable method, including polyphase watt meter, single-phase watt meter or voltmeter-am- meter (power factor for A.C.) ‘When pump input power is to be determined by the use of a calibrated motor, measurements of input power shall be made at the terminals of the motor to exclude any line losses that may occur between the switchboard and the driver itself. Certitied calibration shall be conducted on the specific motor in question and not on a similar machine. Such calibrations must indicate the true input-output value of motor efficiency and not some conventional method of determining an ar- bitrary efficiency. For motors other than calibrated test motors, the efficiency may be determined by ANSVIEEE-112, 113 and 115 Segregated Loss Methods. 3.6.9.1 Efficiency of motors ‘The use of dynamometers and motors that have been calibrated by acceptable methods pre- viously covered shall be taken as given the ab- solute power input to the pump. Many pumps under test are driven by electric motors and it is customary to measure the electri- cal input to the motor and multiply user observa~ tions by the efficiency of the motor to determine the input power to the pump shaft. The perfor- mance of a pump is based strictly on the actual mechanical power delivered to the pump shaft. Computed input power based on some arbitrary electrical measurements for determining the ef- ficiency of the motor cannot be considered to be accurate. Where a question exists as to the true efficiency of the motor, efficiency shall be deter- mined by measurement of electrical energy input and mechanical energy output by means of a prony brake or other acceptable methods. When measuring power to an electric motor, the measurements shall be taken at the motor and not at the switchboard, so as not to include any of the losses between the switchboard and motor. 3.6.10 Methods for rotary speed measure- ment Test speeds for pumps may be in the range of a few hundred to several thousands of revolutions per minute. Since the pump test data are taken under steady state conditions, the maximum per- missible short-term speed fluctuation shall be no more than 1%. The speed measuring methods 18 described, therefore, are those which, at moderate speeds, give a measure of the average speed over an interval of from less than one second up to one to two minutes, depending on the type of instrumentation. The succeeding para- graphs discuss the various methods and instru- ments suitable for measuring the speed of rotation. NOTE - The various methods and instrumentation are discussed in detail in Instruments and Ap- paratus Part 13, Measurement of Rotary Speed 1961, PTC 19.13. The revolution counter and timer methods as its name implies, involves the counting of the num- ber of revolutions over an interval of time. A major source of error is in exact synchronization of Counter and timer. When synchronization is auto- matic (e.g. digital tachometers), sufficient ac- curacy is achieved over a time interval of a few seconds. In the usual case, where a handheld counter and stopwatch are used, the timing inter- val should be about two minutes. During this time, the speed shall be constant and the slippage of the counter on the shaft shall be avoided. The stopwatch should be periodically checked against a standard timer. This method can be very ac- Curate, to + 0.25% of pump speed or better. Tachometers provide a direct reading of speed averaged over a fixed time interval. Some types automatically repeat the reading process, while the standard, handheld unit must be reset manually. The above comments regarding uniform speed and slippage pertain here also. A tachometer should be checked periodically against a counter and stopwatch. Accuracy of tachometers varies widely, from + 0.25% to 3.5 ‘%, the latter limit being unacceptably high for test purposes. Frequency-responsive devices have the ad- vantage of not requiring direct contact with the motor or pump shaft and hence impose no adi tional load on the motor. The vibrating reed type is of use only when the shaft is completely inac~ cessible. Electronic counters may be converted to read rpm directly using a shaft-mounted gear and a non- contacting magnetic pickup. This method is ac- Curate to the nearest rpm, as read on a digital readout. The timing interval may be set as short ‘as 0.1 second, thus making any speed fluctua- tions readily discernible.Most stroboscopes are limited in accuracy due to uncertainty in the precision of the strobe frequen- cy. The only approach suitable for pump test purposes is to use the strobe to determine motor slip under load relative to synchronous speed, using a stopwatch to time the slippage while driv- ing the strobe at line frequency (which is known to the accuracy given above and can be deter- mined with even greater precision for the time and location of the test). 3.6.11 Temperature measurement ‘Temperature should be measured as close to the pump inlet as possible. The temperature measur- ing device shall have no effect on the measure- ments of pressure and flow rate. HI Rotary Pump Test — 1994 All temperature-sensing instruments should be properly supported and installed directly into the liquid stream. When this is not reasonable, wells filled with suitable intermediate conducting materials may be used. ‘Temperature may be measured by etched stem, liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples or resistance thermometers. Thermocouples and resistance thermometers, when employed, re- quire readout instruments. 3.6.12 Suitable interval between calibrations for performance test instruments. See Table 3.6 below. ‘Table 3.6 — Recommended instrument calibration interval *) Capacity Power (continued) ‘Quanity meter Torque bar Ty tyr Calibrated motor Not req'd) toyr | KW Transducer ayt Watt-amp-volt, portable dye u ‘Watt-amp-volt, permanent dye y Strain gauges 6 mo Orifice plate y ‘Transmission gear to 500 HP 10 yr Weir 2 ‘Transmission gears above 500 HP 20yr ‘Turbine tye ‘Speed Magnetic flow tye Tachometers ay Rotometer sy Eddy current drag toye Propeller vyr Electronic Not req'd *) Utta-sonic Sy Frequency-responsive devices Pressure Vibrating reed toyr Bourdon tube (pressure gauge) ‘amo Electronic 10 yr Manometers Not req'd Photocell 10 yr Doad weigh foster tye Stroboscopes Sy Transducers 4mo Torque meter (speed) tyr Digital indicator tyr [Temperature Power Electric 2 Dynamomoter wecale oy Mercury sy Dynamometor wioad scale 6 mo ® Calibration is not required unless it 2) Unless electrical or mechanical failure, suspected there are critical dimensional changes. ) Use instrument manufacturer's recommendation if shorter than listed above. 19