JCSF/LINX ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

GENERAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1. Two liquids of different densities, 1500 kg/m3 and 500 kg/m3, are poured together into a 100-liter tank filling it.
If the resulting density of the mixture is 800 kg/m 3, find the respective quantities of liquids and also find the
weight of mixture with local gravity of 9.765 m/s2. [Ans. 45 kg, 35 kg, 79.66 kg]

2. One kilogram of liquid having a density of 1200 kg/m 3 is mixed with a 2 kg of another liquid having a density
of 2000 kg/m3. If the volume of the mixture is the sum of the initial volumes, determine the de4nsity of the
mixture. [1636.4 kg/m3]

3. A spherical drum 600 mm is filled with a fluid whose density is 640 kg/m 3. Find the following:
a. Total volume of fluid in m3 [Ans. 0.113]
b. Mass of fluid in kg. [Ans. 72.32]
c. Specific volume in m3/kg. [Ans. 0.00155]
d. Fluid specific weight with g = 9.765 m/s2. [Ans. 706.20]

4. A pump discharges 280 kg/min of water whose specific weight is 920 kg/m 3 (g = 9.765 m/s2). Determine the
total time required to fill a spherical tank 3 meters in diameter. [Ans. 46.26 minutes]

5. If the density of a gas is 0.003 slugs per cubic foot, what is the specific weight of the gas in N/m 3.
[Ans. 15.2]

6. A boiler installed where the atmospheric pressure is 752 mm Hg has a pressure of 12 kg/cm 2. Find the absolute
pressure, in MPa. [Ans. 117.8]

7. The pressure of a boiler is 9.5 kg/cm 2. The barometric pressure of the atmosphere is 768 mm Hg. Find the
absolute pressure in the boiler, in psia. [Ans. 2223.75 psia]

8. A vacuum gage mounted on a condenser reads 660 mm Hg. What is the absolute pressure in kPaa when the
atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa. [Ans. 13.3]

9. Convert the following readings of pressure to kPaa assuming that the barometer reads 760 mm Hg.
a. 40 cm Hg vacuum [Ans. 48]
b. 100 psig [790.7]
c. 8 inches of mercury vacuum [Ans. 74.23]
d. 900 mm Hg gage [Ans. 221.3 ]

10. Steam exhausts to a condenser pressure of 620 mm Hg vacuum. Determine the absolute pressure in kg/cm 2 if
the barometric reading is 750 mm Hg. [0.18]

11. An oil storage tank contains oil with a specific gravity of 0.88 and a depth of 20 m, what is the hydrostatic
pressure at the bottom of the tank, in kg/cm2. [Ans. 1.76]

12. What minimum pressure is required to force blood from the heart to the top of the body if the vertical distance
is 7 cm. Assume blood density as 1.04 g/cm 3 and neglect friction. Express answer in mm Hg column. [Ans.
5.35]

13. A weatherman carried an Aneroid barometer from the ground floor to his office atop the Shangrila Hotel in
Madaluyong City. On the ground level, the barometer reads 30.150 inches of Hg absolute, and at the topside it
reads 28.607 inches of Hg absolute. Assume that the average air density (atmospheric) was 0.075 pcf, estimate
the height of the building, in ft. [Ans. 1455]
14. The temperature inside a furnace is 320 oC and temperature of the outside is – 10 oC. What is the temperature
difference in oR. [594]
15. A pump discharges 280 kg/min of water whose specific weight is 920 kg/m 3 (g = 9.765 m/s2). Determine the
time required to fill a spherical tank 3 m in diameter. [Ans. 47 minutes]

16. A mechanical engineer is a member of a geological survey team. In a certain project an appropriate height
calculation was made on a certain falls. Thermometer readings at the top of the falls indicate 32 oC and at the
point where the water falls on the rocks below it, thermometer reading indicates 32.05 oC. Assume that no
energy is added or dissipated during its fall, what would be the approximate height of the falls. [Ans. 21.3 m]

17. A heat engine receives 70 lbs of steam per minute with an enthalpy of 1600 Btu/lb and a velocity of 100 fps. It
leaves the engine at 900 fps and 1320 Btu/lb enthalpy. Radiation loss is 84 000 Btu/hr. Find the engine power
output. [Ans. 403 Hp]
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18. Steam flows into a turbine at the rate of 10 kg/s and 1o kW of heat are lost from the turbine. Ignoring elevation
and kinetic energy effects, calculate power output from the turbine. The enthalpy at the turbine inlet is 3140
kJ/kg and at the outlet is 3100 kJ/kg. [390 kW]

19. A steady flow system boiler from feed water entering at 40 oC produces steam, at the rate of 600 kg/hr. Find the
rate at which heat is transformed in kCal/hr if steam enthalpy is 660 kCal/kg. [372257]

20. 0.10 kg/s of hot gas at a temperature of 285 oC enters the nozzle of a gas turbine at an enthalpy of 3100 kJ/kg
and exits the nozzle at 3070 kJ/kg at a pressure of 5 MPaa. The gas has an approximate molecular weight of 28
and its specific heat ratio is 1.35. If the nozzle is considered to be well insulated, determine:
a. The exit gas velocity if approach velocity is neglected [244.9 m/s]
b. The exit gas temperature [259 oC]
c. The proper exit cross sectional area [Ans. 0.0000125 m3]

21. Water is flowing in a pipe with a radius of 10 inches at a velocity of 5 m/s. If the density is 997.9 kg/m 3 and the
viscosity of water is 1.131 Pa-s, determine Reynolds number of the flow. [Ans. 2241]

22. If a 1/3-Hp pump runs for 20 minutes, determine the energy required in kJ. [Ans. 298.4]

23. Surveys made on Maria Cristina falls indicate that the temperature of the water as it falls to the rocks below is
25.07 oC and at the top of the falls, the average temperature is 25 oC. Determine the approximate height of the
water falls if it is assumed that there are no evaporation losses and no heat energy is dissipated or added during
the fall. [Ans. 30 m]

24. A 1-kg hammer moving with a velocity of 50 m/s strikes a 200 gram iron stake, driving it into the ground. If
half of the energy goes into the iron rod, what will be its rise in temperature? C p for iron = 0.14 kCal/kg- oK.
[Ans. 5.43 oK]

25. Steam with an enthalpy of 800 kcal/kg enters a nozzle at a velocity of 80 m/s. Find the velocity of the steam at
the exit of the nozzle if its enthalpy is reduced to 750 kcal/kg assuming the nozzle to be horizontal and
disregarding heat losses. [Ans. 326 m/s]
26. A closed vessel contains air at a pressure of 140 kPag and temperature of 20 oC. Find the final pressure in
gauge units if the air is heated at constant volume to 40 oC. Take atmospheric pressure as 759 mm Hg. [Ans.
156.4 kPag]
27. A volume of 400 cc of air measured at a pressure of 740 mm Hg absolute and temperature of 19 oC. Determine
the volume at 760 mm Hg absolute and 0 oC. [Ans. 366 cc]

28. An automobile tire is inflated to 220 kPag pressure at 10 oC. After being driven, the temperature rises to 24 oC.
Assume the tire does not sketch, what is the final gauge pressure. [Ans. 235.8 kPag]

29. Steam flows into a turbine at the rate of 20 kg/s with an enthalpy of 2650 kJ/kg. Radiation losses from the
turbine are 12 kW. Ignoring elevation and kinetic energy effects, calculate power output from the turbine if
exhaust enthalpy of steam is 2245 kJ/kg. [Ans. 8 088 kW]

30. Mechanical energy in the form of torque, 4000 N-m, is applied to an AC generator at a speed of 30 revolutions
per second. The machine losses some of the energy in the form of heat losses at 44.44 kW and the remainder is
transformed to the electrical form. Calculate the power produced, in kW. [Ans. 709]

31. A power dam creates a head of 30 m in a stream whose normal flow is 120 m 3/s. Hydraulic turbines, that can
convert 94 % of the water power to the shaft power, are installed. The turbines are connected to the electric
generators with an efficiency of 98.5 %. What is the kW capacity of the plant? [ans. 32699]

32. An electric motor converted 1 kW of electrical input into work at 65 kg-m/s. The speed is 1750 rpm. Find the
driven torque in N-m. [Ans. 3.48]
33. A hydraulic turbine receives water from a reservoir at an elevation of 100 m above it. What is the minimum
water flow in kg/s to produce a steady turbine output of 50 MW? [Ans. 51000]

34. A metal fabrication company has two 50-Hp motors for stamping and shearing operations and five 20-Hp
motors for other operations. Assume 80 % efficiency of the motors, 95 % for line transmission efficiency and
92 % for generator. Find the rated capacity of the generator, in kW, assuming that all motors deliver their rated
power simultaneously. [Ans. 196]

35. How much heat, in kJ, must be transferred to 20 kg of air to increase the temperature from 20 oC to 280 oC if
the pressure is maintained constant? [Ans. 5200]

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36. A spherical balloon 6 m in diameter is filled with gas weighing 5.5 N/m 3. In Standard air weighing 12 N/m 3,
what is the maximum load including its weight that the balloon can lift? [Ans. 735 N]

37. A non-flow, closed, system contains 0.5 kg of an ideal gas. The gas temperature is increased by 10 oC while 10
kJ of work are done by the gas. What is the heat transfer, in kJ? [Ans. 14.5]

38. Fifty five thousand gallons of water passes through a heat exchanger and absorbs 29540000 kJ. The exit
temperature is 45 oC. Calculate the water entrance temperature. [Ans. 11.08 oC]

39. The mass flow rate of ammonia through a heat exchanger is 5 kg/min. enthalpy of ammonia at entry is 240
kJ/kg and at exit is 80 kJ/kg. Water coolant is allowed to rise to 10 oC. Determine the water flow rate, in
kg/min. [Ans. 20]

40. Determine the maximum thermal efficiency that can be obtained in an ideal reversible heat engine operating
between 840 oC and 170 oC. [Ans. 60 %]

41. A 3-hp refrigerator or heat pump operates between – 18 oC and 38 oC. Determine the maximum theoretical heat
that can be transferred from the cold reservoir. [Ans. 10.2 kW]

42. Determine the maximum Hp output from any power unit burning 1 055 000 kJ/hr of fuel with high and low
temperature extremes of 840 oC and 5 oC. [Ans. 219 kW]

43. A Carnot cycle heat engine operates between 840 oC and 5 oC and rejects 580 kJ/kg of heat to the low
temperature reservoir or heat sink. Determine the maximum entropy change, in kJ/kg- oK, of the working fluid
for any process in the cycle. [Ans. 2.08]

44. What is the kinetic energy, in kJ/kg, of a high velocity flow of gas at 240 m/s? [Ans. 29]

45. An ideal gas at a pressure of 4120 kPaa and a temperature of 25 oC is contained in a cylinder with a volume of
20 m3. A certain amount of the gas is released so that the pressure in the cylinder drops to 1730 kPaa.
Expansion of the gas is isentropic. The heat capacity ratio is 1.4 and the gas constant is 0.286 kJ/kg- oC.
Determine the mass of gas remaining in the cylinder, in kg. [Ans. 521]

46. There are 1.5 kg of air in a rigid container at 170 kPaa and 38 oC. If the temperature is raised to 80 oC, what is
the resulting absolute pressure? [Ans. 194]

47. A tank contains 80 ft3 of air at a pressure of 350 psia. If the air is cooled until its pressure and temperature
decreases to 200 psi and 70 oF, respectively, what is the change in internal energy in Btu? [Ans. – 5552]

48. If 10 lbs of water are evaporated at atmospheric pressure until a volume of 288.5 ft 3 is occupied. How much
work is done? [Ans. 602 948 ft-lb]

49. How much work is done when 20 ft 3 of an air initially at a pressure of 15 psia and a temperature of 45 oF
experience an increase of pressure to 60 psia while the volume is constant? [Ans. No work]

50. In an air-standard Otto cycle the clearance volume is 18 % of the displacement volume. Determine the thermal
efficiency. [Ans. 53 %]

51. A reversed Carnot cycle requires 3 Hp and extracts energy from a lake to heat a house. If the house is kept at 70
o
F and requires 2000 Btu/min, what is the temperature of the lake? [Ans. 36 oF]

52. The compression ratio of an ideal Otto cycle is 6:1. Initial conditions are 101.k kPaa and 20 oC. Find the
pressure and temperature at the end of adiabatic compression. [Ans. 1244.5 kPaa, 599.6 oK]

53. Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 25.4 cm at a velocity of 5 m/s at a temperature in the pipe. The density
and viscosity of water are 997.9 kg/m 3 and 1.131 Pa-s, respectively. What is the Reynolds number for this
situation? [Ans. 2241]

54. The enthalpy of air, in the compressor, increased by 139.586 kJ/kg. The rate of air is 16.42 kg/min. The power
input is 48.2 kW, determine the heat loss from the compressor. [Ans. – 10 kW]

55. In an air-standard Diesel cycle, compression starts at 100 kPaa and 300 oK. The compression ratio is 16:1. The
maximum cycle temperature is 2031 oK. Determine the thermal efficiency. [Ans. 60.3 %]