9

Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 2– Module 4:
Effects of Food Preservatives
Consumer Chemistry – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2- Module 4: Effects of Food Preservatives
First Edition, 2020

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over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Marissa V. Mallillin

Language Reviewer: Vilma DC. Payumo
Content Editor: Florida P. Tolentino
Illustrator: Derrick Joseph M. Sicat
Layout Artist: Djemnahlie C. Serrano

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Marinella P. Garcia Sy, PhD
EPS – Science
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Joannarie C. Gracia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
 9
Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 2 - Module 4:
Effects of Food Preservatives
 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to Consumer Chemistry STE 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Effects of Food Preservatives.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to Consumer Chemistry STE 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Effects of Food Preservatives!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take. If
What I Know
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

1
 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
What’s In
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

What’s New you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s More
You may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
What I Have Learned paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned
from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
2
 What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to be familiar in explaining the adverse

effects of consuming products with food preservatives and additives.
Differentiated activities are provided for you to perform in order to strengthen
your knowledge and skills regarding the topic.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• identify the most common food preservatives;
• explain the harmful effects of food preservatives; and
• suggest ways on how to lessen the negative effects of food
preservatives.

What I Know

Directions: Read the statement carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What food preservatives are found in fruits?

a. benzoates b. nitrates c. sorbates d. sulfites

2. Which food preservatives are used in foods as antimicrobial preservatives?

a. benzoates b. nitrates c. sorbates d. sulfites

3. They serve as curing agents in meat products. These food preservatives are
known as ___________________.
a. benzoates b. nitrates c. sorbates d. sulfites

4. ADHD symptom is a side effect of a food preservative called _______________.

a. propyl gallate c. sodium benzoate
b. sulfur dioxide d. sodium nitrate

5. Sorbates can cause urticaria also known as ______________________.

a. arthritis b. hives c. poison ivy d. rhinitis

3
6. Which of the following are the side effects of propyl gallate?
a. asthma and headache c. obesity and diabetes
b. birth complications and liver damage d. urticaria and contact dermatitis

7. The following are harmful effects of sulfites EXCEPT

a. headache c. palpitations
b. obesity d. rhinitis

8. People commonly experience contact dermatitis because of consuming too much

foods with ________________________.
a. carboxymethycellulose c. propionates
b. sorbates d. sulfites

9. An individual with an asthma must be cautious in eating foods that contain

________________.
a. bromate c. sorbates
b. sodium nitrate d. sulfur dioxide

10. Obesity and diabetes are side effects of food preservatives called ___________.
a. carboxymethylcellulose c. sodium benzoate
b. propionates d. sorbates

11. Which of the following preservatives initiates tumor production?

a. carboxymethylcellulose c. sodium benzoate
b. propionates d. sorbates

12. Which of the following is a side effect of bromates?

a. diarrhea c. joint pain
b. heart disease d. stomach cancer

13. An individual with stomach cancer is suspected to have been eating too much
food with ______________________.
a. carboxymethylcellulose c. sodium nitrate
b. propionates d. sorbates

14. Loss of vitamin B1 is the result of habitual consumption of foods with

______________.
a. propyl gallate c. sodium nitrate
b. sodium benzoate d. sulfur dioxide

15. What might happen to an individual if he or she keeps on eating foods with food
preservatives known as propionates?
a. An individual becomes obese.
b. An individual experiences headache.
c. An individual experiences palpitation.
d. An individual is prone to heart disease.
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 What’s In

How far have you understood the previous lesson? Now, let us measure
your understanding by simply performing the given activity just for you. Are
you ready? Just follow the direction below.

Directions: Identify the use of the substances in Column A. Choose your answer
from Column B. In Column C, classify the substances in Column A as
preservative or artificial sweetener.

A B C
1. Sodium nitrate a. used in beverages in Preservative or
2. Aspartame preventing the growth of Artificial Sweetener
3. Sorbates molds, fungi, and yeast 1.
4. Sulfites b. used to preserve meats, 2.
5. Saccharin dried potato products, and
dried fruits 3

c. used to preserve meat 4.

and usually found in 5.
bacon, ham, sausage
d. 200 times sweeter than
sugar and used for
making desserts
e. 300-500 times sweeter
than sugar and used to
sweeten toothpaste and
dietary foods and
beverages

Guide Questions
1. Which among the examples are preservatives?
2. Which among the examples are artificial sweetening agent?
3. Differentiate preservatives and artificial sweetening agent.

5
 What’s New

Directions: Analyze the given pictures or illustrations. Answer the questions

correctly.

Illustration A

Illustration B

Guide Questions
1 . What is being shown in illustration A? How about in illustration B?
2. Which among the illustrations shows a healthy lifestyle? Why?
3. Which among the illustrations shows a bad lifestyle? Why?

6
 Effects of Preservatives

What is It

Preservatives play an important role in the food industry because they can
prevent the growth of microorganisms, thereby, extending the shelf-life of food
products. Nowadays, due to the lifestyle of the people, the demand for easy to cook
foods or processed foods keeps on increasing. Processed foods contain
preservatives so that they can be sold to consumers with a longer shelf-life. The
kinds of preservatives present in processed foods belong to Class II also known as
artificial or chemical preservatives.
Are artificial preservatives harmful? The answer is YES. Although these
preservatives significantly prolong the shelf-life of foods, they can also be harmful to
humans if consumed in larger amount. The amount of preservatives that must be
present in food is regulated by the US Food and Drug Authority (FDA). In the food
label, these preservatives are found in the last part of the ingredients list because
they must be present in the smallest amount as possible.
Do you want to know the harmful effects of some food preservatives? Well, the
table below will provide you a clear explanation of their side effects.

Table 1: Artificial Preservatives and Their Harmful Effects

Name of Artificial Preservatives Harmful Effects

Sulfur dioxide lead to loss of vitamin B1; can lead to

severe asthma attack to people with
asthma symptoms

Sodium benzoate can lead to ADHD symptom

Propyl gallate complications at birth and in the long run

can cause liver damage

Sulfites palpitations, asthma, rhinitis, joint pain,

headache

Sorbates cause urticaria or known as hives and

contact dermatitis

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 Name of Artificial Preservative Harmful Effects

Bromates induce diarrhea and destroy nutrients

Sodium nitrate/ nitrite can lead to stomach cancer, and risk of

heart disease

Carboxymethylcellulose initiates tumor production

Propionates increase level of hormones that are linked

to obesity and diabetes

You are now familiar with the side effects of some common artificial food
preservatives. Would you still want to continue eating those processed or packed
foods? The answer depends on the choice of the people. With the recent lifestyle
that we have, we absolutely cannot stop consuming these kinds of foods. But, we
can somewhat lessen their negative effects to our health.
Ways on How to Reduce The Risk of Food Preservatives
1. Carefully read the label of food products. Only one preservative must be
present.
2. Eat fewer processed or packed foods.
3. Buy fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables if possible.
4. Try to eat organic foods.
5. Cook at home as frequent as you can using fresh ingredients.

What’s More

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters in order to form the desired word.
. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. LFSIUETS
2. DOISMU NEBATOZE
3. RFUSUL DIEXDOI
4. PLYORP LATEAGL
5. MABROEST

8
Independent Assessment 1
Direction: Find the names of five food preservatives in the word puzzle. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.

W E R A T B B R O M A T E S L
Q E X C N M B A H T I O E U O
R Q D Q W Q A A A T A T J L Q
W A G W E H Q Q S S A C K F E
Y H H J A J W R E R A V L U R
T F K K Q K E E T R D A D R T
O G J L R S S I I I F S F D Y
I K Y N T E N Q F F G S V I B
L L E F U M G T L J E G G O N
P H O G U L N Y U G H F H X M
J M I I M I H I S K J H J I I
K N D L A O J O D L K J K D O
F O D J S A K J F S D K I E P
S D I T A S L K Q B M U O Q X
G S U Y S A M L W A B U M W S
J A P R O P I O N A T E S E R
K Q T G U L A A I U O R A R L
L W M H Y O Q Q L Y I E Q T B

Independent Activity 2
Direction: Identify what is asked in each statement. Write your answer
in a separate sheet of paper.
1. It can cause palpitations, asthma, rhinitis, joint pain, headache.
2. It can lead to ADHD symptom.
3. It can lead to loss of vitamin B1.
4. It can cause liver damage in the long run.
5. It induces diarrhea and loss of nutrients.

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Independent Assessment 2

Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word in order to complete the statement.
Choose your answer from the words inside the box.

stomach liver asthma attack

diabetes tumor

1. Propionates can increase level of hormones that are linked to obesity and
____________________,
2. Sodium nitrate/ nitrite can lead to ____________ cancer, and risk of heart
disease.
3. Propyl gallate can cause complications at birth and in the long run can cause
_____________ damage.
4. Sulfur dioxide can lead to loss of vitamin B1 and severe ______________ to
people with asthma symptoms.
5. Carboxymethycellulose can initiate the production of _____________.

Independent Activity 3

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If false, write the word that
makes the statement incorrect and change the word to make the statement
correct.

1. Propyl gallate can lead to ADHD symptom.

2. Bromates can induce diarrhea and destroy nutrients.
3. Sulfites can lead to palpitations, asthma, rhinitis, joint pain, and sore throat.
4. Sulfur dioxide can lead to loss of vitamin B1 and severe heart attack.
5. Propionates can induce diarrhea and destroy nutrients.

10
Independent Assessment 3
Direction: Read the clues and correctly write the name of food preservatives in
the crossword puzzle.

Across
2. can lead to ADHD symptom
3. can cause palpitations, asthma, rhinitis, joint paint, and headache
4. can induce diarrhea and destroy nutrients
5. can lead to loss of vitamin B1 and severe asthma attack to people with asthma
symptoms

Down
1. can lead to stomach cancer and risk of heart disease

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 What I Have Learned

Let us measure your understanding about the harmful effects of food

preservatives. Complete the paragraph by filling in the blank/s with the correct
word or phrase.

The common food preservatives are __________, ________, _________,

_________, ________, _________, ________, ________, and __________.

Each food preservative has harmful effects to human body. Sulfur dioxide can
_______________________. Sodium benzoate _____________________.
Propyl Gallate ___________________. Sulfites ________________________.
Sorbates ________________________. Bromates _____________________.
Propionates __________________. Sodium nitrates _____________________.
Carboxymethylcellulose ___________________________________________.

Now, rate your level of understanding about this module using the scale
given below. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
4= Excellent 3= Good 2= Average 1= Poor

4 3 2 1
1. I can enumerate the different food preservatives.
2. I can identify the common food preservatives.
3. I can explain the harmful effects of food preservatives.
4. I can differentiate the effects of food preservatives from one
another.
5. I can suggest ways on how to lessen the negative effects of
food preservatives.

12
 What I Can Do

Directions: Read and analyze the situation given below. Answer the questions
correctly.

A fifteen year old boy named Mario who lives somewhere in San Ildefonso,
Bulacan loves to eat hotdog. His day is incomplete if he cannot eat hotdog.
Everyday he consumes five pieces of it . He asks her mother to cook the hotdog
as crunchy as possible.

A few months after, Mario was not feeling well. He complained to his
mother that his stomach keeps on aching. So, his mother brought him to the
hospital. The doctor diagnosed him with stomach cancer. The doctor explained
that consuming too much hotdog is bad for the health and that cooking it at
higher temperature is not advisable since it contains a preservative called
sodium nitrite which once exposed to high temperature will lead to the formation
of nitrosamines, a carcinogen.

Questions:
1. What kind of food preservative is present in hotdog?
2. Why was Mario diagnosed with stomach cancer?
3. Would you do the same as what Mario did?
4. Can you suggest ways on how to lessen the effects of food preservatives?
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 Assessment

Directions: Read the statement carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following can lead to loss of vitamin B1?

a. propyl gallate c. sodium benzoate
b. sulfur dioxide d. sodium nitrate

2. Which of the following is a harmful effect of sodium benzoate?

a. It can lead to diabete. c. It can cause ADHD.
b. It can cause headache. d. It can increase hormone level.

3. Which of the following situations BEST shows the effect of sodium nitrate?
a. Ana has liver damage.
b. Ana has severe asthma.
c. Ana has stomach cancer.
d. Ana has contact dermatitis.

4. The following are side effects of eating too much food with sulfites EXCEPT
a. headache c. palpitations
b. joint pain d. tumor

5. The harmful effects of propyl gallate include complications at birth and ________.
a. asthma c. joint pain
b. liver damage d. rhinitis

6. Sorbates can cause urticaria. What is the other name for urticaria?
a. dermatitis b. hives c. poison ivy d. rhinitis

7. Which of the following shows harmful effect of bromates?

a. diabetes b. diarrhea c. heart disease d. obesity

8. Aside from stomach cancer, another negative effect of sodium nitrate/ nitrite is
_____________________.
a. asthma b. heart disease c. induce diarrhea d. tumor

9. Sulfur dioxide: severe asthma; carboxymethylcellulose:_______________.

a. complications at birth c. increase hormone level
b. contact dermatitis d. tumor production

10. The following are harmful effects of propionates EXCEPT

a. diabetes increase c. hormone level
b. diarrhea d. obesity

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11. Which of the following is a harmful effect of sodium benzoate?
a. It can cause headache. c. It can cause ADHD.
b. It can lead to diabetes. d. It can increase hormone level.

12. Elena has been attacked by severe asthma because for the past few days she
unknowingly ate foods with ___________________.
a. propyl gallate c. sorbates
b. sodium benzoate d. sulfur dioxide

13. Bacon and ham contain sodium nitrate/ nitrite. Jasmine loves eating a lot of ham
and bacon. If you are a friend of Jasmine, what advise will you give to her?
a. Do not eat ham and bacon at all.
b. Cook the ham and bacon at high temperature.
c. Minimize the consumption of ham and bacon.
d. None of the above.

14. Propionate is used in bakery products. Which of the following situations BEST
describes the negative effect of propionate?
a. Lisa has contact dermatitis.
b. Lisa experiences palpitations.
c. Lisa has been diagnosed with liver damage.
d. Lisa has increased sugar level that resulted to diabetes.

15. The following are ways on how to reduce the negative effects of preservatives in
food EXCEPT
a. Eat organic products.
b. Eat fewer processed or packed foods.
c. Cook more processed foods as you can.
d. Buy fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables.

15
 Additional Activity

You are greatly encouraged to do a Kitchen Tour. You need to investigate the
food products you have at home. Look for the label of the products specifically the
ingredients list. Try to write the name of food preservatives you find on each food
product.

Direction: Complete the table with the needed information.

Name of Food Products No. of Food Name of Food

Preservatives Preservatives

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 17
What I Know Independent Activity 3
1. D 6. B 11. A
2. A 7. B 12. A 1. propyl gallate - sodium benzoate
3. B 8. B 13. C 2. True
4. C 9. D 14. D 3. sore throat– headache
5. B 10. B 15. A 4. heart– asthma
5. propionates– bromates
What’s In
1. C - preservative Independent Assessment 3
2. D - artificial sweetener
3. A - preservative 1. sodium nitrates/ nitrites
4. B - artificial sweetener 2. sodium benzoate
5. E –preservative 3. sulphites
Questions 4. bromates
1. sodium nitrate, sorbates, sulfites 5. sulfur dioxide
2. aspartame, saccharin
3. Answers may vary What I Can Do
1. Sodium nitrite
What’s New 2. He consumes too much hotdog.
1. The boy is eating fruits and vegetables. 3. No
The girl is eating junk food. 4. Answers may vary
2. Illustration A. Answers may vary
3. Illustration B. Answers may vary ASSESSMENT
NOTE: The teacher can now introduce the harmful 1. B 6. B 11. C
effects of food preservatives. 2. C 7. B 12. D
3. C 8. B 13. C
What’s More 4. D 9. D 14. D
5. B 10. B 15. C
Independent Activity 1
1. sulfites
2. sodium benzoate
3. sulfur dioxide
4. propyl gallate
5. bromates
Independent Assessment 1
Answers can be in any order:
1. bromates
2. sulfur dioxide
3. sulfites
4. propionates
5. sodium nitrate
Independent Activity 2
1. sulfites
2. sodium benzoate
3. sulfur dioxide
4. propyl gallate
5. bromates
Independent Assessment 2
1. diabetes
2. stomach
3. liver
4. asthma attack
5. tumor
Answer Key
 References
Anand, S.P., and Sati, N. “Artificial Preservatives and Their Harmful Effects: Looking
Toward Nature for Safer Alternatives”. International Journal for Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Research, vol. 4, no. 7, 2013, pp. 2497-2501. https://ijpsr.com/bft-
article/artificial-preservatives-and-their-harmful-effects-looking-toward-nature-for-safer
-alternatives/?view=fulltext

“Artificial Preservatives”, Encyclopedia.com, October 26,2020, https://

www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/
artificial-preservatives?fbclid=IwAR0m85dcfTxs51QmIhIvTb-QGzq-
mQsdCn_k3JFXM1_xOa3GRREyRU7d7wI

C, Ameya. “10 Harmful Food Preservatives and Their Side Effects”, Stylecraze, 21 August,
2019. https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/harmful-food-preservatives-and-their-side-
effects/

Collie, Meghan.”Here’s How Eating Artificail Preservatives can affect your health”, 22
August 2019, https://globalnews.ca/news/5792891/artificial-preservatives-affect-
health/.ampfbclid=IwAR2gm1WAWEW05j1n5yZ1NcIN_r58TVVwnHLWu7Mre4MzBH
fRJovIg amz J5Q.

Colmer, Christian. “Against sulphur dioxide in food products”, 19 June 2009, https://
www.innovations-report.com/health-and-medicine/sulphur-dioxide-food-products-
134498/?fbclid=IwAR1R4UrarTt7-
4frauKuHuoUvSMlkHrXvQHxTfKldpE9XpITsnq5rZi1HJc

Devenyns, Jessi. “Research links propionate in food with obesity and diabetes”, 2 May
2019, https://www.fooddive.com/news/research-links-propionate-in-food-with-
obesity-and-diabetes/553885/?f
bclid=IwAR2gm1WAWEW05j1n5yZ1NcIN_r58TVVwnHLWu7Mre4MzBHfRJovIgamzJ
5Q#:~:text=Consumption%20of%20propionate%2C%20a%20naturally,School%
20of%20Public%20Health%20showed

Mirza, Shazia Kanum, et al. “To Study the Harmful Effects of Food Preservatives on
Human Health”, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, vol.2,no.2,
2017, pp.610-616.https://www.academia.edu/34241240/
To_Study_The_Harmful_Effects_Of_Food_Preservatives_On_Human_Health

Sharma, Sanjay Ph.D.”Food Preservatives and Their Harmful Effects”,International Journal

of Scientific and Research Publications, vol.5,no.4, 2015, pp.1-2.http://www.ijsrp.org/
research-paper-0415/ijsrp-p4014.pdf

‘What You Need to Know About Preservatives”, UnockFood.ca, accessed October 20,
2020. https://www.unlockfood.ca/en/Articles/Food-technology/What-you-Need-to-
Know-about-Preservatives.aspx?fbclid=IwAR0AVtlGQf9EOEySQBwiN4qGt4zCa9sY-
EB8Po-r0OqPUYp4xUW4sEwqlCI

18
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph