9

Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 3 - Module 6
Production of Advanced Materials

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Consumer Chemistry – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Production of Advanced Materials
First Edition, 2021

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 9
Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 3 - Module 6
Production of Advanced Materials
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and dis-
cussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end
of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer
keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using the-
se.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on
your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read the in-
structions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you explain how
advanced materials like carbon filters, ceramics, and microalloys are
produced. This will help you recognize the different processes involved in
the production of some advanced materials.

This module also provides different activities suited for STE 9

students. These activities may help you to have a full understanding of the
topics presented here. Moreover, the different activities will help you to test
your mastery of the lessons. Finally, these activities will help you and your
teacher to have a better teaching-learning process.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 identify the different advanced materials like carbon filters,
ceramics and microalloys;
 describe the different processes involved in the production of
advanced materials; and
 recognize the importance of advanced materials in our daily
lives.

What I Know

DIRECTIONS: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.

1. Which of the following are uses of Activated Carbon?

I. Air purification
II. Water purification
III. Teeth whitening
IV. Metal extractions

a. I, III and IV b. II, III and IV c. I, II and III d. I, II, III and IV

2. Regular carbon is not the same as activated carbon, it must be first activated. Which of
the following processes below helps in the activation of carbon?
a. Physical activation c. Mechanical activation
b. Chemical activation d. Electrical activation

3. Read the following statement below and identify which of the following is NOT true?
a. Polymer activated carbon is largely used in the medical treatment hemoperfusion.
b. Activated carbon can be woven into technical rayon fiber to create activated carbon
cloth.
c. Granular activated carbon is suited for the adsorption of vapors and gases and of
ten used in water treatment.
d. Impregnated carbon is made up of ground or crushed carbon that is why it has very
fine particles.
4. In this application, activated carbon is being used as primary agent for the removal of
impurities in the different metals like nickel.
a. Medical application c. Industrial application
b. Agricultural application d. Environmental application

5. Activated carbon is an ingredient in shampoos, toothpaste, and facemasks. What type

of application is this?
a. Water application c. Medical application
b. Cosmetics application d. Analytical chemistry application

6. Which is NOT true about ceramics?

a. Ceramics can be tiles, bricks, plates, and glass.
b. Ceramics, like superconductors, also exhibit some magnetic properties.
c. Ceramics cannot be found in products like watches, airplanes and appliances.
d. Ceramics can be dense or lightweight depending on the method of formation.

7. Ceramics are typically produced with the application of __________.

a. water to the processed clays and other natural raw materials to the processed
product.
b. heat to the processed clays and other natural raw materials to the processed
product.
c. air to the processed clays and other natural raw materials to the processed product.
d. energy to the processed clays and other natural raw materials to the processed
product.

8. Below are some of the properties of ceramics, which of the following DOES NOT
belong?
a. Magnetic c. Chemically stable
b. Brittle d. Thermal insulators

9. In this step of processing ceramics, the particle size is being controlled to give a
proper bonding and a smooth surface on the finish product.
a. Milling b. Sizing c. Batching d. Mixing

10. The binders or plasticizers are being added in this step.

a. Batching b. Mixing c. Drying d. Forming

11. It is the art of adding alloying elements to the steel and have been used in autos,
hardware and other applications.
a. Alloying c. Microalloying
b. Alloying elements d. Macroallying

12. The following are examples of alloying elements, which does NOT belong to the
group?
a. Niobium b. Vanadium c. Silicon d. Oxygen

13. Which is NOT true about microalloyed steel?

a. It facilitates the hardening of precipitates.
b. It creates new materials and new products.
c. It is used in the refinement of grain microstructure.
 d. It improves the hardening, tensile strength, and other mechanical properties of
steels.

14. It is a microalloying element that is soft gray ductile and transition element which
improve grain refinement and retardation of recrystallization.
a. Vanadium b. Niobium c. Titanium d. Nickel

15. A microalloying element which is mainly used in the structural materials in the
aerospace and chemical industries due to lower density, high strength, and corrosion
resistance.
a. Chromium b. Tungsten c. Manganese d. Titanium

What’s In
Insect repellents are agents that are being used to protect ourselves from the bites
of insects. Nowadays, insect bites could actually cause irritation, serious illnesses, and
even death that is why it is important to protect ourselves from them.

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions below in at least 3-5 sentences.

1. Describe the importance of using insect repellents in our daily lives.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. What is the effect of chemicals found in insect repellents on the environment?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

What’s New
DIRECTIONS: Examine the pictures and arrange the letters below to find out what is in
the pictures and answer the following guide questions.

R O N B C A = _______________ I C A C S E M R = _______________
 L O L A Y = _______________
GUIDE QUESTIONS: (Construct at least 3-5 sentences)
1. Discuss briefly the differences between carbon, activated carbon and activated
carbon filter.
2. What is ceramics and give at least two examples of ceramic materials.
3. Describe an alloy and a microalloy and give at least two examples of alloying
elements.

What is It

PRODUCTION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS

PRODUCTION OF CARBON FILTERS

CARBON is a non-metallic element found in the periodic table of elements.

It derives probably from the Latin word “carbo” which means “coal”, “charcoal” or “ember”.
Unlike the other elements, carbon forms more compounds than the other elements even
if it makes up only 0.025 % of Earth’s crust.

C
Atomic Number 6

Atomic Symbol

Carbon
Atomic Weight 12.0107 Figure 1. Carbon

ACTIVATED CARBON, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon that

undergone processed to have an exceedingly large surface area.
 With a large surface area, over 32,000 square feet square feet or 3,000 square
meters is equivalent to one gram or an area of football field in one teaspoon. This huge area
makes activated carbon very useful in different applications and can increase its adsorption
properties through an additional chemical treatment.

Regular carbon is not the same as activated carbon, this carbon must be activated
first through different processes. Activated carbon can be produced by one of the two
methods:

1. THERMAL ACTIVATION – This is a method of activating carbon through the utilization of

hot gases. In this method, carbon is being exposed to the heat and let the steam open the
pores. This is possible in an inert atmosphere using gases such as carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, or argon in which reduction of moisture, reduction of volatiles, carbonization, and
steam treatment are involved.

2. CHEMICAL ACTIVATION – This type of method, the carbonization process happens after
the addition of chemical to the raw materials. Then, the material will be exposed to heat to
activate it quickly. On the other hand, chemicals used in this method can be a strong
base, acid, or salt.

COMMON TYPES OF ACTIVATED CARBON

There are as many as 150 different activated carbons produced by manufacturers,
below are some of the common types:

A. GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC) – It has large but smaller external surface area
in comparison to the other type. GAC particles diffuse quickly make it suitable for the
adsorption of vapors and gases and often used in the water treatment process.

B. POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON (PAC) – This type of activated carbon has very fine
particles out of the ground or crushed carbon. It is directly added to the process units,
which includes rapid mix basins, raw water intakes, and clarifiers. PAC particles are the
particle of choice for carbon block filters.

C. EXTRUDED ACTIVATED CARBON (EAC) – This activated carbon is primarily used in gas
phase application due to its distinct characteristics: low-pressure drop, low dust content
and good mechanical strength. This type of activated carbon is being used in CTO filters
that remove chlorine, taste, and odor.

D. IMPREGNATED CARBON – Inorganic impregnated compounds such as silver and iodine

are present in this type of activated carbon. Activated carbon loaded with silver is typically
used in water purification as an adsorbent that may inhibit the growth of microbes.

E. BEAD ACTIVATED CARBON (BAC) – BAC particles, just like the EAC particles, are
valued because of their low dust content and mechanical strength. It can be also used in
the treatment of water.

F. WOVEN CARBON – Activated carbon cloth can be created through the weaving of
activated carbon into technical rayon fiber. The product has the carbon filtering properties
and can be used in many applications.

G. POLYMER ACTIVATED CARBON – This type of activated carbon is commonly used in

medical treatment, specifically hemoperfusion.

THE ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER is generally used to make the water suitable for
the manufacturing process. It happens through the removal of organic compounds and/or
extracting the free chlorine on it. Just like the other water treatment method, it is not
capable of removing all the contaminants.

HOW ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER WORKS

Rocks

Pebbles and Sand

Plastic
Bottle Fine Sand

Charcoal

Cloth/Cotton

Figure 2. Improvised water purification treatment at home

The surface area of the activated carbon contributed largely to its effectiveness.
The main way that the activated carbon filters out a given substance is physical
adsorption. Intermolecular forces draw molecules into millions of pores whenever liquid or
air comes in contact with activated charcoal.

Beyond physical adsorption, chemical reactions can also be facilitated by

activated carbon just like when activated carbon and chlorine have contact with each
other, it will effectively remove chlorine from water and form chloride ions.

The removal of contamination from water and air by activated carbon depends on
the different factors such as the type and amount of pollution, acidity and temperature of
water or air and how long does water or air have contact with activated carbon.

The level of filtration can be determined by the specific type of activated carbon
wherein carbon molecules with large holes trap big and heavy molecules while fine pores
filter smaller and lighter contaminants.

TYPES OF ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERS

 GAC FILTERS

Granulated Activated Carbon filters or Fixed-bed carbon filters are typically

cylindrical containers containing the particles of GAC. In this filter, the carbon particles
filter out impurities as water added to the container and flow to the system.

However, the efficiency of the filtering system is being reduced due to the
channeling wherein water automatically flows through the container with the path having
the least resistance therefore bypassed the carbon particles.
 In this type of filter, as water flows down the channels through activated carbon,
there are pockets of carbon and stationary water remain behind making it suitable for the
bacterial growth.
 CARBON BLOCK FILTER

This filter is densely packed blocks of PAC and GAC particles of varying sizes
wherein water is forced through the pores of the carbon block and a wide range of
contaminants were removed by tiny carbon particles.
The elimination of channeling is the primary advantage of block filters and it used
every particle to its maximum effectiveness and the carbon particles are stationary. In this
type of filter, the small pollutants are adsorbed by the carbon and the larger ones are left
behind.
Despite efficiency and effectiveness over GAC filters, it has one drawback. This
filter takes more time for water to pass through than carbon bed filters making it not
practical to use in the situation where you need an enormous amount of water filtered.
However, this is suitable for many households that can provide enough water for a day.

PRODUCTION OF CERAMICS

CERAMICS are all around us, these are inorganic and nonmetallic materials like
tile, brick, plates, glass, toilets, and many others that are essential to our daily lifestyle.
They can also be found in products like watches, snow skies, automobiles, and phone
lines even in space shuttle and airplanes.

Typically, ceramics can be dense or lightweight

depending on the method used in the production. They
can demonstrate properties like strength and hardness but
brittle in nature. They can also serve as electrically
conductive materials or insulators or even superconduc-
tors that display magnetic properties.

Ceramics are made up of clays, earthen elements,

powders, and water. After shaping, the material will be
placed in an oven, known as “Kiln”, and set into high
temperature.
Figure 3. Ceramic Cup

CERAMIC PROCESSING
The starting materials for the production of
ceramics can be either of the following: processed
clay and other natural raw materials, naturally
occurring rocks and minerals, and chemically
prepared powders.
The materials are used to form rigid products
but other materials must undergo special processing
to control purity, particle size, particle size
distribution, and heterogeneity. While other materials
can be controlled to produce powders with precise
chemical compositions and particle size. To create
the end product, the ceramic materials need to
undergo the traditional manufacturing process below. Figure 4. Molding of Clay
STEP 1. MILLING AND RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT
Typically, the raw materials used in the process is found in the mining sites that
will be reduced to smaller sizes and even pulverized, depending on the desired product.
This is done to take away the impurities allowing for better mixing and forming that will
produce a more reactive material during firing.

STEP 2. SIZING
The next step is controlling the particle size. This is done to have a proper
bonding and a smooth surface on the end product. This step is also essential because it
separates the desirable material from non-usable material.

STEP 3. BATCHING
This step is also known as the “blending” process. This process includes the
calculation of amounts, weighing, and initial blending of the raw materials.

STEP 4. MIXING
In this method of ceramic processing, the constituents are combined to have a
more chemically and physically homogeneous material. During this step, binders or
plasticizers are being added to the material. While deflocculants and antifoaming agents
are added to the wet mixture for the improvement of mixtures.

STEP 5. FORMING
To produce a consistent finished product the materials such as dry powders,
pastes or slurries are combined and molded in this step.

STEP 6. DRYING/FIRING
After the formation of materials, drying is the next step. In the drying process, the
commonly used method is convection drying wherein heated air will circulate around the
ceramic piece that will lessen the imperfections in the finished product.

STEP 7. GLAZING
This step typically used glaze consists of oxides that give the product the desired
finish look that can be applied using spraying or dipping methods.

PRODUCTION OF MICROALLOY

ALLOY is a metallic substance composed of two or more elements which is

usually produced by melting the mixture of ingredients. Brass (a mixture of copper and
zinc) and copper (a combination of copper and tin) are some of its examples.

ALLOY STEELS are the most important technology of steel today that contains
elements other than iron and carbon. Chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum,
silicon, tungsten, vanadium, and boron are considered principal alloying elements.
 MICROALLOYING is the art of adding small
amounts of alloying elements to steel that will create a new
category of forging steel in cost and performance between
carbon steels and the alloy grades. Since then, autos,
construction hardware, and many other applications have
been using microalloyed steels.

The steel usually undergoes processes that will

help to gain the desired microstructure in a typical
manufacturing of steel. The processes are thermal
process, wherein the cooling rate of the steel is being
controlled for the formation of crystal structure, and
mechanical process, which happens by reducing the size of
Figure 5. Example of Alloy the steel through rolling.
(Philippine Peso Coins)

The qualities of steel can also be affected through the addition of precipitation
allowing the strengthening of the steel. The precipitate particles help in the creation of
resistance between steel grains making its strength increase. Niobium, titanium, and
vanadium are known precipitation that strengthen substances suitable for use in steel.

MICROALLOYED STEEL is a type of steel containing alloying elements like

niobium, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, zirconium, boron and rare earth metals which
improves the hardening, tensile strength and other mechanical properties of steels. Below
are some of its examples.

 NIOBIUM MICROALLOYED STEEL

Niobium is a soft gray ductile and transition element which is generally used in the
automotive industry, for oil, and gas pipelines and in construction when produced. The
addition of this element improves the grain refinement and retardation of recrystallization.
Through the addition of this element, niobium carbide and niobium nitride will be
formed. Also, it helps in the enhancement of precipitation hardening that increases
toughness, strength, formability, and weldability of microalloyed steel.

 TITANIUM STEELS
These are steels that have lower density, high strength and corrosion resistance
that is why it is primarily used in the structural materials in the aerospace and chemical
industries. This is mostly used in the aerospace because its tensile strength/density ratios
are significantly greater than steels and aluminum alloys at ordinary temperature.

 NICKEL STEELS
This type of steel is considered as the fundamental alloying element that has
unlimited solubility in gamma iron and is highly soluble in ferrite which gives high strength
and toughness to the material.

 CHROMIUM STEELS
Chromium is a carbide former which is less expensive than nickel which contains
more than 5% improvement in the corrosion resistance and high temperature properties.
The carbide formed by chromium has a high hardness and wear resistance.
 MANGANESE STEELS
The presence of manganese, which acts as deoxidizers, reduces the prone to the
hot shortness. The addition of manganese to the steel can help the alloy steel to perform
the hot work.

 MOLYBDENUM STEELS
Molybdenum has limited solubility in austenite and ferrite making it a strong carbide
former. This alloying element is a little expensive than the other alloying element and can
be used in combination with nickel or chromium or even both.

 TUNGSTEN STEELS
Tungsten, mainly a carbide former, is a type of alloying elements that provide high
temperature properties and hardenability which is primarily used in the tools industry.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
DIRECTIONS: Read the following sentences below. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct or FALSE if it is incorrect.

_____1. Carbon derives from the Latin word “carbo” which means charcoal.
_____2. Carbon has the same properties as activated carbon.
_____3. Large surface area makes activated carbon very useful in different applications.
_____4. Thermal activation uses hot gases to activate carbon.
_____5. Chemicals like weak acid and weak bases are used to activate carbon.

Independent Assessment 1
DIRECTIONS: Identify what is being asked in the following questions. Choose
your answer inside the box below. Write only the letter on the
space provided before each number.

a. Bead activated carbon

b. Granular activated carbon
c. Extruded activated carbon
d. Powdered activated carbon
e. Polymer activated carbon

_____1. Type of activated carbon that is being used in CTO filters that remove chlorine,
taste, and odor.
_____2. Type of activated carbon which is commonly used in medical treatment.
_____3. Type of activated carbon that has very fine particles out of ground or crushed
carbon.
_____4. Type of activated carbon that diffuses quickly making it suitable for the
adsorption of vapors and gases and often used in the water treatment process.
_____5. Type of activated carbon that is valued because of its low dust content and
mechanical strength.
 Independent Activity 2
DIRECTION: Match Column A to Column B.
A B
_____1.This is done to separate the desirable a. Mixing
material from non-usable material. b. Batching
_____2. During this step, binders or plasticizers are c. Sizing
being added to the material. d. Forming
_____3. This step gives the product the e. Glazing
desired finish look.
_____4. This step is also known as the “blending” process.
_____5. Materials such as dry powders, pastes or slurries
are combined and molded in this step.

Independent Assessment 2
DIRECTIONS: Read the following sentences below and fill in with the missing
word. Choose the letter of your answer from the word pool.

_____1. Ceramics are inorganic and _______________ materials.

_____2. Ceramics are made up of _______________, earthen elements, powders, and
water.
_____3. After shaping, the material will be placed in oven, known a. Kiln
as _______________. b. Nonmetallic
_____4. The raw materials used in the process is found in the c. Size
_______________ sites. d. Mining
_____5. The next step is controlling the particle e. Clays
_______________ to have a proper bonding.

Independent Activity 3
DIRECTIONS: Write TRUE if the statement is valid and FALSE if otherwise. If the
statement is FALSE, underline the word(s) that make it wrong.

_____1. In microalloying, small amount of alloying steel that will create a new category of
forging steel in color and strength.
_____2. In thermal process, heating rate of the steel is being controlled for the formation
of crystal structure.
_____3. The precipitate particles help in the creation of structure between steel grains
making its strength increase.
_____4. Niobium, chromium, and tungsten are known precipitation that strengthen
substances suitable for use in steel.
_____5. Alloying elements and rare earth metals improve the hardening, tensile strength
and other mechanical properties of steels.

Independent Assessment 3
DIRECTIONS: Microalloying helps to improve the quality of steel nowadays. In your
own word, use at least 3-5 sentences, describe the importance of
microalloyed steels in our daily lives. Write your answer on the
space provided for you. Rubric is provided below for your reference.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Features 5 4 3 2
Quality of Writing  Piece was  Piece was  Piece had little  Piece had
written in an written in an style and no style and
extraordinary interesting message message
style and style and  Gives some  Gives no
message message new new
 Very  Somewhat information but information
Informative informative poorly and very
and well and well organized poorly
organized organized organized
Grammar, Usage No spelling, Few spelling and A number of So many
and Mechanics punctuation or punctuations spelling, spelling,
grammatical errors errors, minor punctuation or punctuation or
grammatical errors grammatical errors grammatical
errors

What I Have Learned

DIRECTION: Complete the statements by writing what have you learned from this
module.

1. I have learned that carbon filters are________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. I have learned that ceramics are___________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. I have learned that microalloys are_________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

DIRECTIONS: Carbon filter is widely used today for the process of water purification.
Aside from water purification, below are some of its applications. Describe
each application based on your own idea about its uses. Write at least 3-5
sentences on the space provided for you. Rubric is provided below for
your reference.

 Air Purification________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 Cosmetic Applications ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

 Agricultural Applications _________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Features 5 4 3 2
Quality of Writing  Piece was  Piece was  Piece had little  Piece had
written in an written in an style and no style and
extraordinary interesting message message
style and style and  Gives some  Gives no
message message new new
 Very  Somewhat information but information
Informative informative poorly and very
and well and well organized poorly
organized organized organized
Grammar, Usage No spelling, Few spelling and A number of So many
and Mechanics punctuation or punctuations spelling, spelling,
grammatical errors errors, minor punctuation or punctuation or
grammatical errors grammatical errors grammatical
errors

Assessment

DIRECTIONS: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the BEST answer.
1. This is mostly used in aerospace because its tensile strength/density ratios are
significantly greater than steel and aluminum alloys at ordinary temperature.

a. Nickel steels c. Niobium steels

b. Titanium steels d. Tungsten steels
2. The addition of this alloying element to the steel can help the alloy steel to perform the
hot work.

a. Chromiun c. Manganese
b. Silicon d. Nickel
3. The addition of niobium also helps in the enhancement of precipitation hardening that
help increases the following properties. Which DOES NOT belong?
a. Toughness c. Formability
b. Maleability d. Weldability
4. Which is NOT true about microalloyed steel?
a. It creates new element and new products.
b. It facilitates the hardening of precipitates.
c. It is used in the refinement of grain microstructure.
 d. It improves the hardening, tensile strength, and other mechanical properties of
steels.
5. It is a microalloying element that is soft gray ductile and transition element which improve
grain refinement and retardation of recrystallization.
a. Titanium c. Molybdenum
b. Vanadium d. Niobium
6. This type of carbon activation, the carbonization process happens after the addition of
chemical to the raw materials.
a. Thermal activation c. Mechanical activation
b. Chemical activation d. Electrical activation

7. The following are types of activated carbon, which DOES NOT belong?
a. Chemical activated carbon c. Granular activated carbon
b. Polymer activated carbon d. Bead activated carbon

8. Read the following statement below and identify which is NOT true.
a. Polymer activated carbon is largely used in the medical treatment
hemoperfusion.
b. Activated carbon can be woven into technical rayon fiber to create activated
carbon cloth.
c. Granular activated carbon is suited for the adsorption of vapors and gases and
often used in water treatment.
d. Impregnated carbon is made up of ground or crushed carbon that is why it has
very fine particles.

9. This type of carbon filter is densely packed blocks of PAC and GAC particles of
varying sizes.
a. Carbon block filter c. Granular activated carbon filter
b. Powdered activated carbon filter d. None of the above

10. The removal of contamination from water and air by activated carbon depends on the
following factors EXCEPT
a. Amount of pollution c. Acidity of water or air
b. Amount of particles d. Temperature of water or air

11. In this step of processing ceramics, the particle size is being controlled to give a
proper bonding and a smooth surface on the finish product.
a. Milling c. Batching
b. Sizing d. Mixing

12. The binders or plasticizers are being added in this step.

a. Batching c. Drying
b. Mixing d. Forming
13. Below are some of the properties of ceramics, which of the following DOES NOT be-
long?
a. Magnetic c. Chemically stable
b. Brittle d. Thermal insulators
14. Which is NOT true about ceramics?
a. Ceramics can be tiles, bricks, plates and glass.
b. Ceramics, like superconductors, also exhibit some magnetic properties.
c. Ceramics cannot be found in products like watches, airplanes and appliances.
d. Ceramics can be dense or lightweight depending on the method of formation.

15. Ceramics are typically produced with the application of __________.

a. Water to the processed clays and other natural raw materials to form the
desired product.
b. Heat to the processed clays and other natural raw materials to form the desired
product.
c. Air to the processed clays and other natural raw materials to form the desired
product.
d. Energy to the processed clays and other natural raw materials to form the
desired product.

Additional Activities
DIRECTIONS: Ceramics are everywhere and can be found in many products. Make a
tour inside your house and list down 5 things that are made up of or
contain ceramics and give its description. Rubric is provided below for
your reference.

Things made up of or contain ceramics inside Description

your house

Features 5 4 3 2
The table The table is The table is The table is not The table is less
completely filled completely filled almost sufficiently filled filled out
out out with no blank completely filled out
rows out
The table The table The table The table The table
contains contains contains contains contains
appropriate and appropriate and appropriate and appropriate and appropriate and
supporting supporting supporting supporting supporting
descriptions descriptions in all descriptions in descriptions in descriptions in
rows atleast 4 rows atleast 3 rows atleast 2 rows
Independent activity 3 WHAT I KNOW
1. FALSE (color and strength) 1. D
2. FALSE (cooling rate) 2. B
3. FALSE (structure) 3. D
4. FALSE (chromium and tungsten) 4. C
5. TRUE 5. B
Independent assessment 3 6. C
7. B
Answers may vary 8. A
9. B
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED 10. B
Answers may vary 11. C
12. D
WHAT I CAN DO 13. B
Answers may vary. 14. B
15. D
Suggested answers:
WHAT’S IN
 Air purification - Activated carbon 1. Answers may vary
filters out odors, pollutants, and 2. Answers may vary
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from the air by trapping gas mole-
WHAT’S NEW
cules and removing them efficiently
from circulation A. CARBON
B. CERAMIC
 Cosmetics application - Activated
C. ALLOY
carbon is now a popular ingredient
in shampoos, toothpaste, and face
masks. It traps toxins and contami- WHAT’S MORE
nants so they can be washed away. Independent activity 1
 Agricultural application - In livestock 1. True
production, activated carbon serves 2. False
as an additive to animal feed, a nat- 3. True
ural pesticide, a processing aid, and 4. True
a disinfectant. 5. False
Independent assessment 1
ASSESSMENT 1. C
1. B
2. E
2. C
3. B 3. D
4. A 4. B
5. D 5. A
6. B Independent activity 2
7. A 1. C
8. D 2. A
9. A 3. E
10. B 4. B
11. B 5. D
12. B Independent assessment 2
13. A
14. C 1. B
15. B 2. E
3. A
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY 4. D
Answers may vary 5. C
Answer Key
 References

Britannica. Accessed January 10, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/technology/alloy

Britannica. Accessed January 10, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-

chemical-element

CB Tech. “The Science Behind Activated Carbon Water Filters”. Accessed January 10,
2021.https:// www.carbonblocktech.com/the-science-behind-activated-carbon-
water-filters/

Ceramics. Accessed January 11, 2021. https://depts.washington.edu/matseed/

mse_resources/Webpage/ceramics.htm

Ceramics Processing. Accessed January 11, 2021. https://depts.washigton.edu/matseed/

mse_resources/Webpage/Ceramics/ceramicprocessing.htm

Khan, Fahim and Rashed, Hossain. 2020. “Phase Transformation in Microalloyed Steel”.
Accessed Jan uary 12, 2021. https://www.intechopen.com/books/engineering-
steels-and-high-entropy-alloys/phasetransformation-in-micro-alloyed-steels

Mraz, Stephen. 2016. “Microalloying Strengthen Steels”. Accessed January 12, 2021.
https:// www.machinedesign.com/materials/article/21834691/microalloying-
strengthens-steel

Process for Making High Strength Micro-alloy Steel. Accessed February 13, 2021.
https:patents.google.com/patent/US6682613B2/en

Sabo, Katy. 2015. “The 8 Steps of Ceramics Processing and Industrial Vibration”.
Accessed January 11, 2021.https://solutionsinmotion.clevelandvibrator.com/eight-
steps-of-ceramics-processing-and-industrial-vibration/

Water Professionals. Accessed January 10, 2021. https://www.waterprofessionals.com/

learning-center/activated-carbon-filters/
 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph