Good Morning Newton!

Welcome to the world

of Chemistry
Review
 Mehndi
expolliant
Cosmetics
Conjugated system
Clean
 What are the
benefits of
maintaining a clean
home?
 What are the
cleaning products to
use in different
household chores?
 Soap
and
Detergent
This lesson is aligned with the learning competency:
● identify the chemicals present in soaps and detergents and their properties

01 02
compare the properties and
chemical composition of explain how soap and detergent
soap and detergent works

03
appreciate the importance of soap
and detergent
 What are some
scenarios where
soap and detergent
is needed?
Soap
■ Potassium or sodium salt of fatty acid

Detergent
Sodium salts of long-chain benzene
sulphonic acids
Chemicals Present in
Soap and Detergent
 Differences between soap and detergent

PROPERTIES SOAP DETERGENT

Raw Material Natural materials Synthetic materials

(animal fats or (hydrocarbon from
vegetable oils) petroleum or crude oil)
 Differences between soap and detergent
PROPERTIES SOAP DETERGENT
Formation Alkali and fatty Alkali and sulphuric
acid acid
(Sodium or (Sodium salt of
potassium salt of a benzene sulphonic acid
long chain of or alkyl sulfate)
carboxylic
acid/fatty
acids)
 Differences between soap and detergent
PROPERTIES SOAP DETERGENT
Environmental Biodegradable and Most are non-
Impact can easily be biodegradable and
broken down by form thick foam that
bacteria can kill aquatic life
 Differences between soap and detergent

PROPERTIES SOAP DETERGENT

Effectiveness in Not effective due to Effective and no
Hard Water formation of scum formation of scum
 Differences between soap and detergent

PROPERTIES SOAP DETERGENT

Effectiveness in Not effective due to Effective and no
Hard Water formation of scum formation of scum
What is hard water?
 Safety Rules and Guidelines
 Be careful in handling substances and
other materials
 Avoid skin and eye contact with all
chemicals
 Assume that all chemicals of unknown
toxicity are highly toxic
 Never leave containers of chemicals
open
 Follow the instructions and procedures
carefully
 Activity Title: Hard water or Soft water
Problem : How does the amount of dissolved minerals affect the sudsing of soap?
A. Pre- laboratory Procedure:
1. Prepare 6 test tube tubes and label them as D,T,D 1,T1,D2,T2
2. Prepare the following samples of water
 D (distilled water only)
 T (Tap water only)
 D1 (distilled water with 1 gram MgSO 4)
 T1 ( tap water with 1 gram MgSO4)
 D2 (distilled water with 2 grams MgSO4)
 T2 ( tap water with 2 grams MgSO4)
B. Laboratory Procedure:
1. Add 2 drops of liquid soap in each test tube containing water sample
2. Shake each of the test tube with samples for the same amount of time
3. Measure the height of suds after shaking
4. Record the data
 Activity Title: Hard water or Soft water
Problem : How does the amount of dissolved minerals affect the sudsing of soap?
Data

Water Hardness Test Tube containing water Height of suds in test tube (cm)
with different amount of
dissolved minerals

D (Distilled water)
ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ

T (Tap water)

D1

T1

D2

T2
 Activity Title: Hard water or Soft water
Problem : How does the amount of dissolved minerals affect the sudsing of soap?
Graphing Results:

Create a bar graph of results in the space below. Include a title and labels for the x- and y-axis of the
graph.
ŝƐŶĂŵ Ğ͗ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ ͺ

Title: _______________________________________________________________________________

10

4
dž

D T D1 T1 D2 T2

dž
ŝƐŶĂŵ Ğ͗ ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
Expected results:
7

5
Height of suds (cm) 4

D T D1 T1 D2 T2

Water Sample
 Saponification
Vegetable oil + NaOH Sodium salt of fatty acid + glycerol
( ester) (alkaline) (soap) (alcohol)
Detergent making process
Detergent making process
Cleansing
Structure ofAction
a soap
Activity
Time
 Cleansing Action

Materials Needed:
1.Two beakers with half-filled water
2.One paper clip
3.One sheet of toilet paper
4.few drops of liquid soap
 What you have to do:

Set-Up A: 1.Place a paper clip on a small piece of toilet paper and gently place it
on top of the water.
2. Wait until the toilet paper comes apart and the paper clip floats on the

water.

Set-Up B: Repeat steps 1-2, but this time, few drops of liquid soap are added to the

water. Observe what will happen to the paper clip.

 Cleansing Action

1. Were you successful in allowing the paper clip to float in two set-
ups?
2. In which set-up did you have a hard time making the paper clip
float?
4. Why were you able to get a paper clip to float on water?
5. What happened to the surface tension when we added liquid
soap?
Cleansing Action
■ What are the tips that you
can give to make laundering
more effective
?
■ What are the differences between
soap and detergent in terms of raw
materials, formations, effectiveness
in hard water and environmental
impact?
The Chemistry of Soap and Detergent

What is being depicted in the picture?

What is the large, unevenly shaped

substance in the middle and what are
the thin strips sticking to it?

What is the property of the sodium ion

end of the chains?

What is the sphere formed by the

chains in the picture that are
surrounding the substance in the middle
called?
The Chemistry of Soap and Detergent

What is being depicted in the picture?

What is the property of the sodium ion

end of the chains?

What is the large, unevenly shaped

substance in the middle and what are
the thin strips sticking to it?

What is the sphere formed by the

chains in the picture that are
surrounding the substance in the middle
called?

Micelle
Dirt particle Hydrophilic
Assignment
You can do it!

As a responsible member of your family, you

should advocate personal and home cleanliness.
Based on this lesson, make a poster following the
title “The Vital Role of Soap and Detergent.” Write
a brief explanation of your output.