Envi Sci Week 4

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Environmental
Science
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Quarter 1 – Module 4:
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Ecological Concepts
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Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4:Ecological Concepts
First Edition, 2020
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trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
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their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
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Published by the Department of Education
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Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
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Development Team of the Module
Writer: RHEA CHARISSE CAPUS
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Editor: JUVIMAR E. MONTOLO
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Reviewer: FELISA D. BATUIGAS

Layout Artist: HEPOLITO E. MAMAC, JR.
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Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent - Dr. Marilyn S. Andales, CESO V
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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent - Dr. Cartesa M. Perico

- Dr. Ester A. Futalan
- Dr. Leah B. Apao
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Chief, CID - Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores

EPS in LRMS - Mr. Isaiash T. Wagas
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EPS in Science - Mrs. Juvimar E. Montolo

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Printed in the Philippines by

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Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City

Telefax: (032) 255-6405
E-mail Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph
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Environmental
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Science
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Quarter 1 – Module 4: -V
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ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to Environmental Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
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This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
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independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
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consideration their needs and circumstances.
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In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
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Notes to the Teacher
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This contains helpful tips or strategies that will

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help you in guiding the learners.

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As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
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module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
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manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
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the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to Environmental Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
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on ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS.
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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
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What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills
or competencies you are expected to
learn in the module.
What I Know
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This part includes an activity that aims
to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
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answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.
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What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help
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you link the current lesson with the
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previous one.
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What’s New
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In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such
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as a story, a song, a poem, a problem

opener, an activity or a situation.
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What is It This section provides a brief

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discussion of the lesson. This aims to

help you discover and understand new
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concepts and skills.

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What’s More This comprises activities for
independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
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What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
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process what you learned from the
lesson.
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What I Can Do This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new
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knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate
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your level of mastery in achieving the
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learning competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be

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given to you to enrich your knowledge

or skill of the lesson learned.
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Answer Key This contains answers to all activities

in the module.
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At the end of this module you will also find:

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References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
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The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
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6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
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What is ecology? Ecology, is the study of relationships between organisms
and the environment, has been a focus for human study for as long as we have
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existed as a species. Our survival has depended upon how well we could observe
variations in the environment and predict responses of organisms to those variations.
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The earliest hunters and gatherers has to know the habits of their animal prey and
where to find food plants. Later, agriculturists has to be aware of variations in S
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weather and soils and of how such variation might affect crops and livestock.
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Today, most of earth’s human population live in cities and most of us have
little direct contact with nature. More than ever before, though, the future of our
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species depends on how well we understand the relationships between organisms

and the environment. Our species is rapidly changing earth’s environment, yet we do
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not fully understand the consequence of these changes. Because of the rapid pace
of environmental change at the dawn of the twenty-first century, it is imperative that
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we continue as ardent students of ecology.

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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
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master the concepts of ecology as well as the ecosystem.

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The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Overview of Ecology
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 Lesson 2 – Ecosystems: What are They and How Do They Work?
After going through this module, you are expected to:

a. Identify the major ecological concepts
b. Describe each ecological concepts
c. Cite examples where ecological concepts are exhibited
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What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
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1. Ecology is the study of __________________________.
a. the nature and properties of matter and energy
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b. the identification of the substances of which matter is composed
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c. the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
d. the interactions of living organisms with each other and with their
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environment
2. This is a group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in the
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same geographical location.
a. Community
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b. Ecosystem
c. Environment
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d. Population
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3. This is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical

environment.
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a. Community
b. Ecosystem
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c. Environment
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d. Population
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4. All of the following are symbiotic relationships, except?

a. Commensalism
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b. Consumerism
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c. Mutualism
d. Predation
5. A series of steps in an ecosystem in which energy is transferred by organisms

eating and being eaten?
a. Food Chain
b. Food Web
c. Primary Succession
d. Secondary Succession
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Lesson
5 Ecology and Ecosystem
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https://www.slideshare.net/VivekSrivastava22/ecology-ppt-28643170
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What’s In
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Behind the simple definition of ecology lies a broad scientific

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discipline. Ecologists may study individual organisms, entire forests or

lakes, or even the whole earth. The measurements made by scientists
include counts of individual organisms, rates of reproduction, or rates of
processes such as photosynthesis and decomposition. Ecologists often
spend as much time studying non-biological components of the
environment, such as temperature or soil chemistry, as they spend
studying organisms. Meanwhile, the “environment” of organisms in some
ecological studies may be other species.
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While you may think of ecologists as typically studying in the field,
some of the most important conceptual advances in ecology have come
from the ecologists who build theoretical models or do ecological
research in the laboratory.
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What’s New
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A. Read the following situation and answer the question.
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1. There was a flood in the mountainous barangay of Balamban during
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rainy season. What is one positive effect for the plants in this
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ecosystem?
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2. Many trees are being cut down in one section of the Tabunan Forest,
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Cebu City. What is one thing the animals in this section could do to
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survive this impact?

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B. Using what you have learned about cause and effect, choose
possible cause or effect for the given situation.
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1. Tarsiers in Bohol are forced _____________________
to relocate to a different ---------------> _____________________
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part of the forest. _____________________
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2. ____________________ Whale shark in Moalboal
____________________ ---------------> begin to swim more
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____________________ often.
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What is It
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Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions of living

organisms with each other and with their environment. The physical
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environment includes: sun, Earth, air, soil, water and trees.

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Importance of studying ecology includes:

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 Sustainable food production

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 Conservation of natural resources

 Pollution control
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 Control of disease and pests

 Prediction of adverse weather patterns.
 Population control
 Ecotourism
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A group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in
the same geographic location is called population. Examples of
population are humans, insects, birds, trees. Populations of different
species that live together in the same location is called a community. A
community includes our school campus and your neighborhood. An
ecosystem is a collection of all
organisms that live together with
their non-living environment. It
could be the forest, the ocean and
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even the pond.
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Non-living elements such as
temperature, light, moisture, air
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and pH are called abiotic factors.
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Living elements such as
https://freshwaterwatch.thewaterhub.org/c
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells,
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food sources and predators are called biotic factors. Therefore, the
definition of an ecosystem contains both biotic and abiotic factors. S
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The relationship between organisms that share an ecosystem is
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called symbiosis/symbiotic
relationship. There are several
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types of symbiotic relationships,

namely:
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1. Commensalism - one
organism benefits from the
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relationship, the other neither

benefits nor is harmed. Example
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https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/524880531545900787/
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of commensalism is the shark and remora and barnacles on whales.

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2. Mutualism - both organism benefits. For

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example, the insect on the flower. The

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insect helps the flower in pollination while

sipping nectar from it.
http://apbio4dummies.blogspot.com/2012/08/mutualism-parasitism-
commensalism.html
3. Parasitism - in this relationship, one organism
benefits while the other is being harmed. Example
is when mosquitoes get in touch with a human
being. This causes harm to the human being by
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https://sites.google.com/a/bps101.net/symbiosis-website--
miranda-s/content-page-2
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sucking blood through it.
Food Chain and Food Web

A food chain is a series of steps in an
ecosystem in which energy is transferred
by organisms eating and being eaten.
A food web is many interconnected food
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chains. The most energy is found at the
bottom of a food pyramid.
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https://www.britannica.com/science/trophi
c-pyramid
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Ecological Succession - the replacement of one ecological community
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by another.
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1. Primary Succession - growth on
surfaces where no soil exists (e.g. S
rocks)
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2. Pioneering species - the first to appear
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in succession usually on bare rock (e.g.

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lichens and mosses)

3. Secondary Succession - growth that
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follows a disturbance that destroys a

community but not the soil (e.g. fire,
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volcanic eruption, tornado)

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http://www2.nau.edu/~gaud/bio301/content/succ.htm
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EXAMPLES WHERE THESE ECOLOGICAL
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EXHIBITED
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 Adaptations exhibited by animals inhabiting arid areas. (Animals

get adapted in order to survive. So arid zone animals have to cope
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with water scarcity and extreme temperatures, lack of shade and

harsh relative humidity. They therefore, migrate, burrow, hoard food,
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engage in rapid reproduction and endure large fluctuation in

temperature.)
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https://animals.mom.com/list-of-animals-that-live-in- https://www.dreamstime.com/camel-ship-desert-s-large-
hollow-logs-or-stumps-7732636.html animals-adapted-life-arid-regions-world-deserts-semi-
camelus-steppes-image138962753
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 Coastal area ecosystem restoration. (One of the best managements
done by our government is cleaning the Manila Bay.)
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 L https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOA8y3S5QZ8
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and Cultivation.
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(Cultivation of land involves preparing the soil for crops.)

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https://infocultures.blogspot.com/2017/04/land-preparation- https://infocultures.blogspot.com/2017/04/land-preparation-
for-watermelon.html for-watermelon.html
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What’s More
Activity No. 1 “FOUR PICS ONE WORD”
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DIRECTIONS: Shown below is a display of four pictures linked by one
word. Your aim is to work out what the word is, from the number of
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boxes provided below the pictures.
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https://www.twitter.com https://www.biologyonline.com
https://www.helpguide.org
https://www.thespruceeats.com
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https://www.eastjackson4thgrade.weebly.com
https://www.rei..com
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https://www.geographyrealm.com https://www.favpng.com
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https://www.varsitytutors.com https://www.chegg.com
https://www.dailyjstor.org https://www.pinterest.com
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P public schools within U
Subject to further validation for IP compliance, this material is for first quarter use only. Circulation shall be limited to T
the jurisdiction of the Division
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of Cebu Province. LR-PIPCV
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https://www.angsarap.net
https://www.alamy.com P
https://www.dreamstime.com U T O
https://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in
Activity No. 2 “ECOPUZZLES”

DIRECTIONS: Below is a crossword puzzle. Supply the correct concept
described on the right side of the puzzle. Fill in the boxes correctly.
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Activity No. 3 “FILL ME UP”
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DIRECTIONS: Study the images below and identify what ecological
concepts are being exhibited in the pictures. Choose your answers on
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the given choices below. Write your explanation on the third column.
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Pastoral Farming Land Cultivation Aquaculture
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Animal Adaptation Plant Adaptation
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ECOLOGICAL
EXPLANATION
CONCEPTS
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https://www.us-lighthouse.com/leisure/america-tours/arizona-
phoenix.html
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http://scienceblogyear4.blogspot.com/2014/04/
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fish_pond_at_Aquacultur
e_Research_and_Development_Centre,_Kajjansi.JPG
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https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/mojave-
rattlesnake?mediatype=photography&phrase=mojave%20rattlesna
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ke&sort=mostpopular
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What I Have Learned

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Choose one animal that you like.

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Name of Animal: ___________________________

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List 2 interesting facts below. (It can be anything you think is cool!)
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Fact 1: ___________________________________________________________
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Fact 2: ___________________________________________________________
Where in the world does your animal live? _________________________
What other plants and animals does your animal live with? List at least 5. (HINT:
What else lives in that place?)
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What non-living things does your animal live with in its environment? Give 5 specific
examples.
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What I Can Do
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For this activity, kindly refer your answer to your chosen animal in “What I Have
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Learned”.
1. Draw a picture below of the animal that you like. S
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2. In 1-2 complete sentences, describe the population of this animal. Draw a picture
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below.
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3. What organisms are included in the community? List at least 5. Draw a picture
below.
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Assessment
Test 1: Encircle the best answer. (Nos. 1-8)

1. Both species benefit in this type of symbiosis; e.g. lichen or acacia tree and
ants.( Positive/Positive relationship)
a. Parasitism
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b. Mutualism
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c. Commensalism
d. None of the Above
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2. A basic chart of who eats whom in an ecosystem: (hint: straight line)
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a. Population
b. Food chain
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c. Food web
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d. Biosphere
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3. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which:

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a. Species that live together during all of their lives.

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b. A parasite harms a host. (e.g. tapeworm). (Negative/Positive relationship)

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c. Both species benefit in this type of symbiosis;( e.g. lichen or acacia tree and
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ants)( Positive/Positive relationship)

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d. One species benefits, the other is unaffected. (e.g. barnacle on a

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whale).( Positive/Neutral relationship)

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4. Which of the following is an example of parasitism?

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a. Bees gathering nectar from a patch of flowers

b. A barnacle living on the underside of a whale
c. A brown-headed cowbird laying its egg in a vireo's nest
d. A flea feeding on the blood of a dog
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5. Which of the following is an example of a community?
a. All of the organisms living within a lake.
b. All of the geese in the world.
c. All of the grass in a meadow.
d. All of the animals in North America.
6. As a population grows, factors that slow or limit the growth of the population
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include
a. increased birth rate
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b. disease and parasitism
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c. presence of extra resources
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7. Which of the following is an example of a population?
a. All of the raccoons in a forest
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b. All of the mammals in a forest
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c. All of the trees in a forest

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d. All of the raccoons in North America

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8. Ultimately, all of the energy in most food chains or food webs comes from
a. the oceans
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b. the sun
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c. the carnivores
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d. the producers
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Additional Activities
Backyard Ecology: An Ecological Assessment of Your Neck of the Woods

The first step in protecting our fragile environment is education. You must
learn about the ecology of your immediate area, and take steps to protect, conserve
and improve your local environment. How aware are you of the environment in
which you live?
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Directions: Answer the following questions on your answer sheet to assess your
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local environment.
1. How would you describe the area in which you live? Use terms such as
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mountainous, lowland, or coastal. Even if you live in a city, in which type of
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environment was the city built?
2. Name 5 plants that seem to be native to your area. For each plant, list one
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reason why it is important to humans. For example, can these plants be used as
a source of food? Are they used in landscaping? S
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3. What agricultural products are grown in your area? Is there a problem in
obtaining the water necessary for growing these crops?
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Answer Key
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References
Book/s
Molles, “Ecology: Concepts and Applications” 6th edition (2013)
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https://www.esa.org/about/what-does-ecology-have-to-do-with-me/. Date retrieved:
July 19, 2020
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https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/1-1-themes-and-concepts-of-biology/. Date
retrieved: July 19, 2020
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https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/intro-to-ecology/a/what-is-
ecology. Date retrieved: July 19, 2020
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https://youmatter.world/en/definition/ecosystem-definition-example/. Date retrieved:
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July 19, 2020
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https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-ecology/hs-
introduction-to-ecology/a/ecological-levels-from-individuals-to-ecosystems. Date S
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https://sciencing.com/definition-abiotic-biotic-factors-8259629.html. Date retrieved:
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July 19, 2020

https://www.ck12.org/book/cbse_biology_book_class_xii/section/17.2/. Date
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https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/intro-to-ecosystems/a/food-
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chains-food-webs. Date retrieved: July 19, 2020

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/community-structure-and
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diversity/a/ecological-succession. Date retrieved: July 19, 2020

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https://www.idosi.org/wjz/wjz6(2)11/18.pdf. Date retrieved: July 19, 2020. Date

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https://www.denr.gov.ph/index.php?id=794&page=80&sort=&filter=&searchword=.
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Date retrieved: July 19, 2020

https://www.thespruce.com/prepare-the-land-for-farming-3016979. Date retrieved:
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July 19, 2020
https://www.slideshare.net/VivekSrivastava22/ecology-ppt-28643170. Date retrieved:

July 19, 2020
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https://freshwaterwatch.thewaterhub.org/content/ecosystem-services. Date retrieved:
July 19, 2020
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/524880531545900787/. Date retrieved: July 19, 2020
http://apbio4dummies.blogspot.com/2012/08/mutualism-parasitism-
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commensalism.html. Date retrieved: July 19, 2020
https://sites.google.com/a/bps101.net/symbiosis-website--miranda-s/content-page-2.
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Date retrieved: July 19, 2020
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https://www.britannica.com/science/trophic-pyramid. Date retrieved: July 19, 2020
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http://www2.nau.edu/~gaud/bio301/content/succ.html. Date retrieved: July 19, 2020
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province

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Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon Lahug, Cebu City

Telefax: (032) 255 – 6405
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Email Address : cebu.province@deped.gov.ph

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Envi Sci Week 4

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7

Reviewer: FELISA D. BATUIGAS

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent - Dr. Cartesa M. Perico

Chief, CID - Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores

EPS in Science - Mrs. Juvimar E. Montolo

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Cebu Province

Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will

help you in guiding the learners.

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

In this portion, the new lesson will be

as a story, a song, a poem, a problem

What is It This section provides a brief

discussion of the lesson. This aims to

concepts and skills.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be

given to you to enrich your knowledge

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

The following are some reminders in using this module:

species depends on how well we understand the relationships between organisms

we continue as ardent students of ecology.

master the concepts of ecology as well as the ecosystem.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 2 – Ecosystems: What are They and How Do They Work?

After going through this module, you are expected to:

3. This is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical

4. All of the following are symbiotic relationships, except?

5. A series of steps in an ecosystem in which energy is transferred by organisms

Behind the simple definition of ecology lies a broad scientific

discipline. Ecologists may study individual organisms, entire forests or

survive this impact?

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions of living

environment includes: sun, Earth, air, soil, water and trees.

Importance of studying ecology includes:

 Sustainable food production

 Conservation of natural resources

 Control of disease and pests

types of symbiotic relationships,

relationship, the other neither

of commensalism is the shark and remora and barnacles on whales.

2. Mutualism - both organism benefits. For

example, the insect on the flower. The

insect helps the flower in pollination while

Food Chain and Food Web

in succession usually on bare rock (e.g.

lichens and mosses)

follows a disturbance that destroys a

volcanic eruption, tornado)

 Adaptations exhibited by animals inhabiting arid areas. (Animals

with water scarcity and extreme temperatures, lack of shade and

engage in rapid reproduction and endure large fluctuation in

(Cultivation of land involves preparing the soil for crops.)

Activity No. 2 “ECOPUZZLES”

What I Have Learned

Choose one animal that you like.

Name of Animal: ___________________________

Test 1: Encircle the best answer. (Nos. 1-8)

3. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which:

a. Species that live together during all of their lives.