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Product, Classification of Products, Product Line and Product Mix
Product, Classification of Products, Product Line and Product Mix
What is a Product?
• A product is any tangible, intangible offering
that might satisfy the needs or aspirations of a
consumer.
• A product has 3 basic levels
Core Product: This answers WHY the buyer
should have it. It is also called as Generic
Requirement.
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Theodre Levit
Core Benefit Amity Business School
• Staples
These are goods purchased on a regular
basis. Eg. Soap, Pulses, Toothpaste etc…
Whenever the stock is about to end the
consumer buys these products again.
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• Impulse Goods
These are the goods which are purchased
without planning or search… Our external
stimuli provokes us to buy these products.
Eg. Cold drinks, Chocolates, Chips….
Most of the time the consumers aim is not
buying the product solely but when spots
them, feels, attracted and ends up in
buying them.
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• Emergency Goods
These goods are purchased when the
need arises. Eg. Umbrellas in rainy
season, Pullovers in winters etc..
The marketers tries for a very good
distribution chain, as the sales is not the
same throughout and whenever the need
arises, the product should be available at
maximum places…
Characteristics of FMCG Amity Business School
Consumers Point
• FMCG has a very low shelf life
1. Frequent Purchases: Salt, Rice,
Chocolates
2. Low Involvement: The consumer will
buy an alternative if the brand ask for is
not available….
Exceptions to the rule: Products like
Cigarettes, Personal Hygiene Products,
Brand Loyalty.
Characteristics of FMCG Amity Business School
Marketers Point
• High Volumes
The volume of the product required is very
high.
Eg. An average family may require 3-4
Soaps a month… Imagine No. of family
using it in the whole country???
If the organization cannot ensure high
sales volume, they will have difficulties in
surviving.
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• Low Margins
As the product is required in high volume, there
is an intense competition which makes the
marketer sell the product with very less margin.
They earn through high volume sales to
maximize their turnover.
• Line Stretching
Downward Stretch : It takes place when
the company finds a particular segment
(Lower) which is un-attended by the
existing product. And introduces a product
to cater that lower segment.
Upward Stretch : It is when company a
company enters Upper market through
Line Extension.
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• Line Featuring
Its about featuring a particular product of
the product line, so as to increase foot
falls and then making the consumer
exposed to other products too.
Growth Strategies for FMCG Amity Business School
• Multi-brand Strategy
When a company nurtures number of brands in
a single category.
Strategy: To capture as much market share as
possible by trying to cater as much possible
segments.
Eg. HUL Bathing Soaps:
Names??????
P&G Shampoos?
Names?????
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• Product Flanking
Basically offering same product in different
and price combinations to tap diverse
market opportunities.
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• Brand Extensions
This enables the company to enter new
product categories more easily.
Eg. Lifebuoy: Lifebuoy Plus, Lifebuoy
Liquid, Lifebuoy Gold.
Eg. Amul: Amul Butter, Amul Ghee, Amul
cheese, Amul Milk, Amul Chocolates
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Thank You