21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD

PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD 1565 – 1863

RELIGIOUS LITERATURE
LITERATURE
- religious lyrics written by Ladino poets.
- Written works, especially those considered of
Pasyon – long narrative about the passion and death of
superior or lasting artistic merit.
Christ.
- It refers to writing considered to be an art.
Senakulo – dramatization of pasyon.
PROSE
SECULAR LITERATURE
- written or spoken language in its ordinary
- non-religious literature
form without metrical structure.
Awit – colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and
POETRY
chanting. Ex.: Ibong Adarna
- written form with metrical structure.
Korido – metrical tale written in octosyllabic
FICTION
quatrains. Ex.: Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar
- refers to literature created from the
Prose Narratives – written to prescribe proper
imagination of the writer.
decorum.
NON-FICTION
ORAL LITERATURE
- refers to factual stories focused on actual
Songs – a composition for voice and voices performed
events and people.
by singing.
- based on reality and true events.
Kundiman – is a Filipino love song traditionally sung
by a man wooing the woman of his dreams.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Leron Leron Sinta – this song depicts humbleness.
EARLY TIMES – 1564
Sarung banggi – a kundiman which means “one night”
The first period of the Philippine History is the
or “one evening”.
longest. Long time before he Spaniards and other
RELIGIOUS DRAMA
foreigners landed on Philippines shores, our fore
- setting forth events recorded on the Bible or
fathers already had their own literature stamped in this
moral lessons to be drawn from religious
history of our race.
teaching.
RIDDLES
Panunuluyan – a Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual.
- battle of wits.
DRAMA
PROVERBS
- enacted in front of live audiences. It is also
- wise sayings.
known as play.
TANAGA
“Why woman wash the dishes?” – an example of play
- one stanza poems consisted usually of four
or drama.
lines with seven syllables, all lines are
rhyming.
NOTABLE FILIPINOS DURING THE SPANISH
FOLK SONGS
COLONIZATION PERIOD IN PHILIPPINE
- one of the oldest forms of Philippine
LITERATURE
Literature that emerged in the Pre-Spanish
JOSE DELA CRUZ (1746-1829)
Period.
- also known as Huseng Sisiw. He was the
Kinds of Folk Songs
foremost exponent of the komedya during his
Hele – lullaby
time. Author of Ibong Adarna.
Ambahan – about human relationships and social
FRANSCISCO BALTAZAR (1788-1862)
entertainment.
- he was popularly called Balagtas, he is the
Kalusan – works songs.
acknowledged Master of Traditional Poetry.
Tagay – drinking song.
Author of Florante at Laura.
Kanogan – song of lamentation for the dead.
NATIONALISTIC/ PROPAGANDA AND
FOLK TALES MYTH
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1864-1896)
- explain how the world was created.
PROPAGANDA LITERATURE
LEGENDS
- reformatory in objective
- explain the origin of things.
a. Political Essays
FABLES
1882 – Diariong Tagalog (it was established
- used animals s the characters in the story.
by Marcelo H. Del Pilar; published by
FANTASY STORIES
Francisco Calvo)
- deal with underworld characters such as
1888 – La Solidaridad (a broadsheet)
tiyanak, aswang, kapre and so on.
President – Galicano Apacible
EPICS
Editors: Jose Rizal
- narratives of sustained length revolving
Graciano Lopez Jaena
around supernatural events and heroic deeds.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 (it was written in Spanish Language. It was
about the social, cultural and economic of the
Philippines.)
b. Political Novels
1887 – Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not)
- written by Jose Rizal
- to describe perceived inequities of the Spanish
Catholic priests and the ruling government.
- First printed in Berlin
- Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the story that made
Rizal inspired to write a novel which was Noli
Me Tangere.
1891 – El Filibusterismo (The Reign of
Greed)
- Sequel of Noli Me Tangere
- Published in Ghent
- it was became the inspiration to all Filipinos to
start the Philippine Revolution.
REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE
- more propagandistic than literary as it is more
violent in nature and demanded complete
independence for the country.
a. Political Essays
1896 – Kalayaan
- It was the newspaper of the Katipunan which
means “independence and solidarity” edited
by Emilio Jacinto.
b. Poetry
1896 – Hibik ng Pilipinas
- Written by Andres Bonifacio
- It has 12 syllables every line.
- State the injustice that the Filipino
experienced under the reign of Spain.
1896 – Liwanag
- Written by Emilio Jacinto also known as
Dimas – Ilaw. He was the Brain of Katipunan.
- The aim is to educate and enlighten the whole
Filipino race about their sacred duty and
obligation uphold the rule of law and treasure
the tenets of love, loyalty, and above all,
patriotism.
1898 – True Decalogue
- Written by Apolinario Mabini
- He was the Brain of Revolution
RIZALIST AGE (1896-1899)
- Jose Rizal also known as Laong-Laan and
Dimas-Alang
a. Mi Ultimo Adios – a poem written by Rizal.
One of the last notes he wrote before his
death.
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar also known as Plaridel
1888 – Dasalan at Tocsohan
- A sature on the friar’s hypocrisy, and greed
sarcasm. Ex. : Aba Ginoong Baria and Amain
namin.
- Andres Bonifacio also known as May Pag-
asa at Supremo.
1896 – Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupas
- Directed to the Filipinos in order toa rouse
their spirit of nationalism and self-
independence.
AMERICAN COLONIZATION PERIOD
(1901-1946)
a. Period of Apprenticeship
TAGALOG NOVELS
1906 – Banaag at Sikat by Lope K. Santos
(it was the first novel ever written in our
country using Filipino language)
ROMANTUC POETRY
Pag-ibig by Jose Corazon de Jesus
(he was also known as Huseng Batute)
SHORT STORIES
1925 – Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez
1927 – The Small Key by Paz Latorena
1933 – Footnote to Youth
1940 – We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers by
Alejandro Roces
NOVEL
1930 – Child of Sorrow by Zoilo Galang
(it was the first novel ever written in our
country using English language.)
b. Period of Emergence
Jose Garcia Villa – he earned the
international title “Poet of the Century”.
 During American Period, writers
were given the chance to write in
newspaper. Some of newspapers
were:
1902 – Ang Kaluwasan (Cebuano)
1903 – Muling Pagsilang (Tagalog)
1913 – Makinaugalingon (Ilonggo)
1908 – Nueva Era (Ilokano)
JAPANESE COLONIZATION
(1946-1960)
a. War Years (1942-1944)
Suyuan at Tubigan – Macario Pineda
Lupang Tinubuan – Narciso Reyes
Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa – Liwayway
Arceo
b. Period of Maturity and Originality (1945-
1960)
Palanca Awards for Literature – it was
established in 1950.
- Jose Garcia Villa
- Nick Joaquin
- NVM Gonzales
- Bienvenido Santos
- Gregorio Santos
- Gilda Cordero Fernando
National Artist Awards – is an order
bestowed on Filipinos who have made
significant contribution to the development of
Philippine Art.
- Jose Garcia Villa
- Nick Joaquin