CHAPTER 8: STATISTICS III

8.1 Understand the concept of class interval

The important concepts:

1. Data obtained from the measurement of certain quantities can be grouped and arranged
into several classes. The range of each class is called the class interval.

Complete the following class interval.

Example: Exercise 8.1.1: Complete the tables below.

Class interval
Class interval (a)
31 – 40
0–9
(b) 10 – 19 (c)
20 – 29
Class interval
30 – 39
0–4

Example: Exercise 8.1.2:

(a) Class interval
Class 20
interval
– 21
Class interval 0.4 – 0.8
1.1 – 1.5
1.6 – 2.0
2.1 – 2.5
2.6 – 3.0
3.1 – 3.5
(b) (c)
Class interval
Class interval 2.0 – 2.9
0.60 – 0.65

2. The lower limit is the lowest value, whereas the upper limit is the highest value of the
class interval.
Example: Class interval of 1 – 5
Lower limit = 1
Upper limit = 5

3. Lower boundary of a class interval

1
=  (lower limit of the class interval + upper limit of the class interval before it)
2
Example: Class interval of 1 – 5
Statistics 1
 1 0
Lower boundary =  0.5
2

4. Upper boundary of a class interval

1
=  (upper limit of the class interval + lower limit of the next class interval)
2
Example: Class interval of 1 – 5
56
Upper boundary =  5 .5
2

5. Size of class interval = (Upper boundary – Lower boundary )

Example: Size of class interval of 1 – 5
= 5.5 – 0.5
=5

Example: Complete the following tables.

Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of class
boundary boundary interval
41 – 60 41 60 40.5 60.5 20
61 – 80 61 80 60.5 80.5 20
81 – 100 81 100 80.5 100.5 20
101 – 120 101 120 100.5 120.5 20

Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of class
boundary boundary interval
0.4 – 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.35 0.85 0.5
0.9 – 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.85 1.35 0.5
1.4 – 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.35 1.85 0.5
1.9 – 2.3 1.9 2.3 1.85 2.35 0.5

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Exercise 8.1.3: Complete the following tables.

a) Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of class
boundary boundary interval
3–9
10 – 16
17 – 23
24 – 30

b)
Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of class
boundary boundary interval
4–8
9 – 13
14 – 18
19 – 23

c)

Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of class
boundary boundary interval
10 – 16
17 – 23
24 – 30
31 – 37

d)
Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of class
boundary boundary interval
1.0 – 4.9
5.0 – 8.9
9.0 – 12.9
13.0 – 16.9

e)

Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of class
boundary boundary interval
2.0 – 2.9
3.0 – 3.9
4.0 – 4.9
5.0 – 5.9

Statistics 3
Example:

In a Mathematics test, the marks scored by 40 students from Form 4 Beta are as follows:

78 98 62 54 73 68 82 89 49 80
75 57 87 45 97 78 67 63 56 78
86 89 95 90 76 67 55 45 61 58
85 80 94 93 91 73 75 83 67 40

Given the number of classes required is 6, determine the class interval.

Solution: Range = the highest value

of the data – the lowest
The highest value = 98 value of the data
The lowest value = 40
The range = 98 – 40
= 58

58
The size of class interval =  10
6
The suggested class interval table is shown below:

Mark scored 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 -79 80 - 89 90 - 99

Exercise 8.1.4:

a) The collections of donations for the Tsunami victims from 30 classes in SMK Sri Ahmad
are as follows.

56 78 90 55 67 89 62 78 74 53 84 58 91 86 73
92 93 85 83 93 82 94 93 54 81 92 63 45 78 67

(i) Given the number of classes required is 5, determine the class interval.
(ii) Given the number of classes required is 8, determine the class interval.

b) The following are the number of coconuts collected by a farmer in June.

47 45 63 60 61 51 56 54 57 62 58 50 40 44 56
68 53 58 43 65 51 47 50 66 65 54 52 60 53 42

Determine the class interval, given the number of classes required is 6.

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Example:

Construct a frequency table for the following set of data.

56 44 33 29 36 47
Solution :
28 37 32 50 40 27
Class interval Tally Marks Frequency
43 38
27 – 32 31 48 44 42 5
Do not obtain the 33 – 38 7
frequency by
35 counting
39 –the44 46
51 34 52 36 4
number of data in the
given table. Use the45 – 50
tally 5
marks. 51 – 56 3
Total 24
Class interval Tally Marks Frequency
Exercise 100 – 105 8.1.5:
Construct frequency
tables for
the
100 129 130 101 105 111 115 108 125 129

104 115 126 117 103 107 129 125 104 128
Total 30
130 116 119 126 118 125 105 109 114 116

following sets of data.

(a)

315 345 350 307 308 315 340 330 327 318

349 336 333 326 319 342 322 328 317 341

309 333 316 348 303 316 341 327 338 304
(b)

(c)

1.03 2.04 1.98 1.67 1.84

2.03 1.47 1.56 1.80 1.73

1.21 1.31 1.62 1.75 1.86

1.99 2.02 2.01 1.34 1.92

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Solution:
(a)

(b)
Class interval Tally Marks Frequency
300 – 309

Total
(c)

Class interval Tally Marks Frequency

1.00 – 1.14

Total

8.2 Understand and use the concept of mode and mean of grouped data

1. Modal class is the class with the highest frequency.

1
2. Midpoint of class =  ( Lower class limit + Upper class limit )
2
3. Mean =
Sum of the values of (midpoint  frequency) of all the classes
Sum of frequencies of all the classes

or x 
 fx
f Note that midpoints
are also known as
Statistics 6 class marks.
Example:

Find the modal class and the midpoint in the following tables.

Class interval Frequency Midpoint

20 – 23 2 21.5
24 – 27 5 25.5
28 – 31 7 29.5
32 – 35 9 33.5
36 – 39 8 37.5
40 – 43 6 41.5
44 – 47 3 45.5

Modal class is 32 – 35

Exercise 8.2.1: Find the modal class and the midpoints in the following tables.

(a)

Class interval Frequency Midpoint

17 – 21 0
22 – 26 2
27 – 31 10
32 – 36 15
37 – 41 16
42 – 46 3
47 – 51 1

Modal class is _____________

(b)
Class interval Frequency Midpoint
10.5 – 10.9 12
11.0 – 11.4 15
11.5 – 11.9 17
12.0 – 12.4 20
12.5 – 12.9 13

Modal class is _____________

(c )

Class interval Frequency Midpoint

121 – 124 20
125 – 128 35
129 – 132 33
133 – 136 28
137 – 140 18
Modal class is _____________

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Example:

Calculate the mean from the frequency table below.

Class interval Frequency Midpoint

0–9 5 4.5
10 – 19 7 14.5
20 – 29 9 24.5
30 – 39 10 34.5

(4.5  5)  (14.5  7)  (24.5  9)  (34.5  10)

Mean =
5  7  9  10
689.5
=
31

= 22 .2

Exercise 8.2.2: Calculate the means from the frequency tables below.

a)

Class interval Frequency Midpoint

12 – 15 4 13.5
16 – 19 6
20 – 23 7
24 – 27 3

Mean =

(b)

Class interval Frequency Midpoint

7.1 – 7.4 10 7.025
7.5 – 7.8 20
7.9 – 8.2 20
8. 3 – 8.6 5

Mean =

=
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 =

c)

Class interval Frequency Midpoint

45 – 49 5 47
50 – 54 8 52
55 – 59 9
60 - 64 10
65 - 69 4

Mean =

8.3 Represent and interpret data in histograms with class intervals of the same size to solve
problems

i. Draw a histogram based on the frequency table.

ii. Interpret information from the given histogram.
iii. Solve problems involving the histogram.

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Examples: a)
1. Draw a histogram for each of the
following frequency tables.
a)

Length (cm) Frequency

20 – 24 4
25 – 29 8
30 – 34 6
b) 35 – 39 8
40 – 44
Length (cm) 5
Frequency
45 –
20 2949 75
30 – 39 15
Frequency
40 – 49 20 b)
50 – 59 25
60 – 69 30
70 – 79 10

2. The histogram shows the results of an

objective test in a certain examination.
frequency 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5

Length (cm)

2. a) Modal class = 16 – 20 (with the

highest frequency.)
b) Total number of students = 15 + 30
+ 55 + 40 + 50 + 30 + 15 = 235.

Answer c) Number of students who passed the

Frequency
test = 40 + 50 + 30 + 15 = 135.
5.5 10.5 15.5 20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5
marks

a) State the modal class.

b) How many students took this test?
c) If the passing mark is 20, how many
students passed the test?
d) State the two class intervals that have
the same frequency. Length (cm)

d) The two class intervals are:

11 – 15 and 31 – 35,
or 6 – 10 and 36 – 40.

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Exercise 8.3:

1. The histogram shows the number of books read by students in SMK Putra in a year.
Frequency

9.5 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5

Number of books read

a) State the modal class.

b) Students who read more than 50 books received an award. Find the number of students
who received the award.
c) Find the mean number of books read by each student.

8.4 Represent and interpret data in frequency polygons to solve problems.

i. Draw a frequency polygon based on

a. a histogram.
b. a frequency table.
ii Interpret information from a given frequency polygon.
iii Solving problems involving frequency polygons.

Examples
1. Draw a frequency polygon based on the given histogram.
Length 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34
Midpoint 12 17 22 27 32
Frequency 4 6 12 8 2
Frequency Frequency

9.5 14.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 7 12 17 22 27 32 37

34.5 Length (cm) Midpoint Length (cm)
Histogram Frequency Polygon

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 2. Draw a frequency polygon for the given frequency table.

Length(cm) 8-10 11-13 14-16 17-19 20-22

Frequency 16 20 8 12 16

Answer:

Length (cm) 5-7 8-10 11-13 14-16 17-19 20-22 23-25

Frequency 0 16 20 8 12 16 0
Midpoint 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

Frequency

Length (cm)

Exercise 8.4:
Frequency

1. The frequency polygon shows the ages

of the members of a club.
Find the
(a) total number of members in this
club.
(b) the modal class.
(c) the mean age.
(d) the percentage of the members who
are above 23 years old.

Age

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8.5 Understand the concept of cumulative frequency

The Cumulative Frequency is the sum of the frequencies of all the values of data or class intervals
before it.

Example:

Construct the cumulative frequency table for the following data:

Length (cm) Frequency

2–6 6
7 – 11 10
12 –16 15
17 – 21 4

Solution:

Length (cm) Frequency Cumulative frequency

2–6 6 6
7 – 11 10 6 + 10 = 16
12 – 16 15 6 + 10 + 15 = 21
17 – 21 4 6 + 10 + 15 + 4 = 25

Exercise 8.5:

1. Construct the cumulative frequency tables for the following:

a)
Time (min) Frequency
8 – 11 2
11 – 13 4
14 – 16 8
17 – 19 10
20 – 22 12

b)
Weight (kg) Frequency
1–2 10
3–4 15
5–6 8
7–8 6

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8.6 Understand and use the concept of measures of dispersion to solve problems.

The important concepts are :

a) Range
(i) Range of the ungrouped data is the measure of dispersion which refers to the
difference between the highest value and the lowest value of the data.
(ii) Range for the grouped data is the measure of dispersion which refers to the
difference between the midpoint of the last class and the midpoint of the first
class.

b) Median
Median of a set of data is the value in the middle of the set after the data has been
arranged in numerical ascending/descending order.

c) First Quartile (Q1)

First quartile is the value of data such that one-quarter of the set of data have values less
than or equal to it.

d) Third Quartile
Third quartile is the value of data such that three-quarter of the set of data have values
less than or equal to it.

e) Inter-quartile Range
Inter-quartile range is the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile.

Example:

1. Find the range of the following sets of data.

12, 14, 15, 13, 18, 17, 10

Solution:
Range = 18 - 10
=8

2. Determine the range of the following sets of data.

Marks scored 40 - 49 50 -59 60 - 69 70 -79

Frequency 4 5 7 10

Solution:
Range = 74.5 - 44.5
= 30

3. A physical education teacher has recorded the time taken by 40 students for the 400 m

Statistics 14
 event during a sports practice.
Time (seconds) 50 - 64 65 - 79 80 - 94 95 - 109 110 - 124
No. of students 3 10 18 7 2
Construct a cumulative frequency table and draw an ogive.

Solution: An ogive is also

known as a
Time Frequency Cumulative Upper cumulative
(seconds) frequency Boundary frequency curve
35 - 49 0 0 49.5
50 - 64 3 3 64.5
65 - 79 10 13 79.5
80 - 94 18 31 94.5
95 - 109 7 38 109.5
110 - 124 2 40 124.5

4. From the ogive, determine

a) the median,
b) the first quartile,
c) the third quartile,
d) the inter-quartile range.

Solution:

a) The median occurs at (½ of the total number of students) i.e. at ( ½ x 40) students
The median occurs at the 20th student.
 Median = 85.5 (read from the ogive)

b) The First Quartile occurs at (¼ of the total number of students) i.e. at (¼ x 40) students
The First Quartile occurs at the 10th student.
 First Quartile = 76.5 (read from the graph)

c) The Third Quartile occurs at (¾ of the total number of students) i.e. at (¾ x 40) students
The Third Quartile occurs at the 30th student.
 Third quartile = 93 (read from the graph)

d) The interquartile range = third quartile – first quartile

= 93 - 76.5
= 16.5
Exercise 8.6:

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 1. The data in the table shows the heights of a group of students in cm.

155 173 167 173 166 166 174 178

176 165 153 169 162 160 151 163
160 176 167 175 174 156 172 164
171 174 179 169 155 171 157 179
181 172 164 157 168 171 169 154

a) Construct a cumulative frequency table beginning with 145 – 149.

b) By using 2 cm to 5 cm on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 students on the y- axis, plot an ogive.
c) From the ogive , determine
i) the median
ii) the interquartile range

2. The data below shows the duration, in minutes, taken to solve mathematical problems by
a group of 35 college students.
30 12 4 10 25 20 16
20 8 3 24 15 12 17
10 10 12 8 20 13 18
15 9 14 5 30 19 20
13 5 4 20 18 24 25

a) Construct a cumulative frequency table using 1 – 5, 6 – 10 and….

b) Plot an ogive using 2 cm to 5 minutes on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 students on the
y-axis.
c) State the
(i) median,
(ii) interquartile range.

8.7 Questions Based on the Examinations Format

1. (a) The table shows the speed, in km h-1, of 56 cars on a road.
Speed ( km h-1 ) Frequency Midpoint
51 – 55 2
56 – 60 6
61 – 65 18
66 – 70 15
71 – 75 9
76 – 80 5
81 – 85 1

(i) Find the midpoints of the class intervals.

(ii) Calculate the mean speed of the cars.

(b) Complete the table given in the answer space below.

Statistics 16
 (c) For this part of question, use the graph paper.
By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 km h-1 on the x axis and 2 cm to 5 cars on the y-axis,
draw an ogive for the data.
Hence, find
(i) the median
(ii) the inter-quartile range.

Solution:
(a) (i) and (b)

Speed (km h-1 ) Frequency Midpoint Upper Cumulative

Boundary Frequency
46 – 50 0 48 50.5 0
51 – 55 2 53 55.5 2
56 – 60 6 58 60.5 8
61 – 65 18 63 65.5 26
66 – 70 15 68 70.5 41
71 – 75 9 73 75.5 50
76 – 80 5 78 80.5 55
81 – 85 1 83 85.5 56

(ii) Mean =
(53  2)  (58  6)  (63  18)  (68  15)  (73  9)  (78  5)  (83  1)
56
3738
=
56
= 66.75 km h-1.

(c)

From the ogive,

First quartile = 62.5

Median = 66.5
Third Quartile = 71.0

(a) Median = 66.5 km h-1

(b) Interquartile range = 71.0 – 62.5
= 8.5 km h-1

Statistics 17
STATISTICS – Paper 2

2. The data above shows the pocket money, in RM, per week of a group of 40 students.

10 13 18 7 19 5 21 21
18 16 18 10 15 19 20 8
4 14 12 6 9 20 20 15
8 10 16 11 13 17 9 11
19 15 17 12 14 11 16 17

(a) Based on the data, complete the table below.

Pocket money (RM) Frequency Midpoint

1–3 0
4–6

(b) Based on the table,

(i) state the modal class,
(ii) calculate the mean,
of the data.

(c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper.
By using a scale of 2 cm to RM 3 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 1 student on the y-axis, draw a
histogram and a frequency polygon on the same graph paper.

3. (a)
Score 10 11 12 13 14 15
Frequency 4 7 3 x 5 8

The table above shows the scores of a group of players in the game.
(i) Given the median is 12.5, find the value of x.
(ii) Given the mode is 15, find the maximum value of x.

(b)
49 45 47 66 66 62 68 43 46
53 50 61 65 67 63 68 65 44
48 63 62 45 61 67 56 43 44
57 64 60 52 58 46 59 41 43
64 65 47 46 52 50 54 42 60

The data shows the mass, in kg, of a group of students.

Statistics 18
 (i) Based on the data, complete the frequency table below.

Mass (kg) Frequency

41 – 44

65 – 68

(ii) For this part of question, use the graph paper.

(a) By using a scale of 2 cm to 4 kg on the x-axis and 2cm to 1 student on

the y-axis, draw a histogram for the data.
(b) State one information obtained from the histogram.

4. The histogram shows the donations from a group of 40 students to a school fund.

14

12

10
Frequency

0
0.5 0.5 4.54.5 8.5
8.5 12.5 16.5
12.5 16.5 20.5
20.5 24.5
24.528.528.5
32.5
Donation (RM)

(a) Based on the histogram, state the modal class of the data.
(b) Complete the frequency table below.

Donation (RM) Frequency Cumulative frequency Upper boundary

0 0
1–4 2

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(c) For this part of question, use a graph paper.

(i) By using a scale of 2 cm to RM4 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 students on the

y-axis, draw an ogive for the data.
(ii) From the ogive, find the inter quartile range.

5. The ogive shows the scores of a group of 48 students in a Mathematics test.

60

50
Cumulative frequency

40

30

20

10

0
64.5 69.5 74.5 79.5 84.5 89.5 94.5 99.5

Score

(a) Based on the ogive, calculate the percentage of students who scored more than 80.

(b) Complete the table below.

Score Cumulative frequency Frequency Midpoint

60 – 64 0
65 – 69

(c) Calculate the mean of the data.

(d) For this part of question, use the graph paper.

By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 scores on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 students on the y-

axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data.

Statistics 20
6. The frequency table above shows the masses, in kg, of watermelons in a lorry.

Mass (kg) Frequency

1.5 – 1.9 4
2.0 – 2.4 10
2.5 – 2.9 26
3.0 – 3.4 84
3.5 – 3.9 50
4.0 – 4.4 15
4.5 – 4.9 8
5.0 – 5.4 3

(a) From the table, state

(i) the size of the class interval,
(ii) the midpoint of the modal class.

(b) (i) Based on the information, complete the table below.

Upper
1.45 5.45
boundary
Cumulative
0 200
Frequency

(ii) For this part of question, use a graph paper.

By using a scale of 2 cm to 0.5 kg on the x-axis and 2cm to 20 watermelons
on the y-axis, draw an ogive for the data.
(iii) From the ogive,
a) state the median of the data,
b) find the number of watermelons with the weight less than 3.8 kg.

7. The cumulative frequency table shows the marks of a group of 40 students in a test.

Mark 60 – 64 65 – 69 70 – 74 75 – 79 80 – 84 85 – 89 90 – 94
Cumulative
7 11 17 26 34 37 40
frequency

(a) Based on the information, complete the table in the answer corner.

(b) Find
(i) the size of the class interval,
(ii) the modal class of the data,
(iii) the midpoint of the modal class.

(c) Calculate the mean of the data.

(d) For this part of question, use the graph paper.

By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 marks on the x-axis and 2 cm to 1 student on the
y-xis, draw a histogram for the data.

Statistics 21
8. The data shows the marks of a group of 40 students in a Mathematics test.

71 20 44 48 47 37 70 56

33 61 52 21 36 31 55 56

53 66 72 38 45 49 50 50

83 29 55 46 59 63 60 48

42 69 43 44 58 78 40 38

(a) Using the data and a class interval of 10 marks, complete the table below.

Mark Frequency Cumulative frequency Upper boundary

1 – 10

81 - 90

(b) For this part of question, use a graph paper.

By using a scale of 2 cm to 10 marks on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 students on the y-axis,

draw an ogive for the data.

(c) From your ogive,

(i) find the interquartile range,
(ii) find the median, hence, explain briefly the meaning of the median.

9. The data shows the ages of a group of 40 workers in a factory.

38 41 32 39 32 50 31 38
36 51 31 27 44 30 49 28
26 31 22 36 32 33 34 43
31 27 46 41 35 35 34 31
40 35 25 27 50 37 33 45

(a) Find the range of the data.

(b) Based on the data and by using a class interval of 5 years, complete the table below.

Statistics 22
 Ages (years) Frequency Midpoint
21 – 25
26 – 30

(c) From the table,

(i) state the modal class,
(ii) calculate the mean,
of the data.

(d) For this part of question, use a graph paper.

By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 years on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 workers on the y-axis,
draw a frequency polygon for the data.

10. The frequency polygon shows the daily incomes, in RM, of 28 workers.
12

10

8
Frequency

0
18 23 28 33 38 43 48

Daily income

(a) Based on the frequency polygon, complete the table below.

Daily income Upper Cumulative

Midpoint Frequency
(RM) boundary frequency
16 – 20 18 20.5 0 0

Statistics 23
(b) Based on the table,
(i) state the modal class,

(ii) calculate the mean, of the data.

(c) For this part of question, use a graph paper.

(i) By using a scale 2 cm to RM5 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 4 workers on the y-axis,
draw an ogive for the data.

(iii) From the ogive, find the number of workers whose daily income is more than
RM38.

8.8 PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS

1. SPM Nov 2003

The data below shows the donations, in RM, of 40 families to their children’s school
welfare fund.

40 24 17 30 22 26 35 19
23 28 33 33 39 34 39 28
27 35 45 21 38 22 27 35
30 34 31 37 40 32 14 28
20 32 29 26 32 22 38 44

(a) Using the data above and a class interval of RM5, complete the following table.
[4 marks]
Donation (RM) Frequency Cumulative Frequency
11 – 15
16 – 20

(b) For this part of question, use a graph paper.

By using a scale of 2 cm to RM5 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 families on the y-axis, draw
an ogive based on the data.
[6 marks]
(c) From your ogive in (b),
(i) find the third quartile,

Statistics 24
 (ii) hence, explain briefly the meaning of the third quartile. [2 marks]

Statistics 25
2. SPM July 2004

The data in Diagram 7 shows the number of durian trees planted by 44 farmers.

52 33 48 22 34 42 57 51 51 65 41
66 54 66 53 53 34 46 52 65 75 52
25 68 48 63 62 43 52 56 59 49 58
43 58 36 72 68 54 62 40 73 38 63
Diagram 7

(a) (i) Based on the data in Diagram 7 and by using a class interval of 10, complete Table 3
provided in the answer space.

(ii) Hence, state the modal class. [6marks]

Answer :
Class Interval Upper Boundary Frequency Cumulative Frequency
11 – 20 20.5 0 0
21 – 30

(b) For this part of the question, use the graph paper on page 41 .

By using a scale of 2 cm to 10 trees on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 farmers on the y-axis,

draw an ogive for the data. [4marks]

(c) Based on the ogive in (b), Ahmad concludes that 50% of the farmers planted less than 52
durian trees.
Determine whether the conclusion is correct or not and give a reason.

[2marks]

3. SPM Nov 2004

The data below shows the masses, in kg, of suitcases for a group of tourists. Each tourist
has one suitcase.

27 10 22 28 21 14 29 25
29 18 22 13 20 21 24 27
27 25 16 19 16 24 26 27
29 19 33 25 23 24 26 31

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(a) Based on the data above and by using a class interval of 3, complete the table below.
[4 marks]

Class Interval Frequency Midpoint

10 – 12
13 – 15

(b) Based on the table in (a), calculate the estimated mean mass of the suitcases.
[3 marks]
(c) For this part of the question, use a graph paper.
By using a scale of 2 cm to 3 kg on the x-axis and 2 cm to 1 suitcase on the y-axis, draw
the histogram for the data. [3 marks]

(d) State one information obtained based on the histogram in (c).

[2 marks]

4. SPM July 2005

Diagram 9 is a frequency polygon which represents the heights, in cm, for a group of 80 pupils.

30

25

20

15
Diagram 9
10

0
115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

(a) (i) Based on the information from the frequency polygon, complete Table 2 in the
answer space.

(iv) Hence, calculate the mean height, in cm, of the pupils. Give your answer correct to 2
decimal places.
[6 marks]

Statistics 27
 Answer:
Height Upper Midpoint Frequency Cumulative
(in cm) Boundary Frequency
118 – 122 122.5 120 2 2
123 – 127
128 – 132
133 – 137
138 – 142
143 – 147

(b) For this part of the question, use the graph paper on page 45. You may use a flexible
curve rule.

By using a scale of 2 cm to a height of 5 cm on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 10 pupils

on the vertical axis, draw an ogive for the data.
[5 marks]

(c) Give one information that can be obtained from the ogive in (b).
[1 mark]

5. SPM Nov 2005

The data in Diagram shows the marks for an English Language monthly test for 42 pupils.

51 20 45 31 26 40 30
(a) Using data in diagram
and 25 32 37 41 21 36 38 a class interval of 5
marks, complete Table
in 46 38 28 37 39 23 39 the answer space.

33 35 42 29 38 31 23

42 34 26 35 43 28 22 [4marks]

25 Marks
47 31 Midpoint
48 44 34 Frequency
54
20 – 24 22
25 – 29

(b) Based on your table in (a),

(i) state the modal class,

(ii) calculate the mean mark for the English Language monthly test and give your answer

Statistics 28
 correct to decimal places.
[4marks]

(c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided .

By using a scale of 2cm to 5 marks on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 pupil on the
vertical axis, draw a histogram for the data. [4marks]

6. SPM July 2006

Table 3 shows the distribution of age for a group of 40 tourists who visited a museum in a
particular day.

Age(Year) 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 50 – 54
Frequency 2 6 9 10 7 4 2

Table 3
(a) Based on the distribution of age in Table 3, complete Table 4 in the answer space.

[2marks]
Answer:

Age (Year) Midpoint Upper Boundary Cumulative Frequency

20 – 24 22
25 – 29 27
30 – 34 32
35 – 39 37
40 – 44 42
45 – 49 47
50 - 54 52
Table 4

(b) Calculate the estimated mean age of the tourists. [3marks]

(c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper .

By using the scale of 2 cm to 5 years on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 5 tourists on the
vertical axis, draw an ogive for the data in table 3. [5marks]

(d) From your ogive constructed in (c),

(i) find the first quartile,
(ii) state one piece of information about the first quartile [2marks]

7. SPM Nov 2006

The data in Diagram 7 show the donations, in RM, collected by 40 pupils.

Statistics 29
 49 26 38 39 41 45 45 43
22 30 33 39 45 43 39 31
27 24 32 40 43 40 38 35
34 34 25 34 46 23 35 37
40 37 48 25 47 30 29 28
Diagram 7

(a) Based on the data in Diagram 7 and by using a class interval of

5, complete Table 2 in the answer space.
(3 marks)

Answer:

Class Interval Midpoint Frequency

21 – 25
26 – 30

Table 2

(b) Based on Table 2 in (a), calculate the estimated mean of the

donation collected by a pupil
(3 marks)
(c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided.
By using a scale of 2 cm to RM5 on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 pupil on the vertical
axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data. (5 marks)
(d) Based on the frequency polygon in (c), state one piece of information about the
donations. (1 mark)

Statistics 30
8. SPM Jun 2007, No 15

Diagram 8 shows the mass, in kg, of newspapers collected over the period of 40 days.

79 70 75 79 83 74 66 58 65 85
84 76 56 80 64 57 78 67 52 59
72 58 57 75 69 76 55 75 60 73
83 63 74 65 78 58 73 64 75 59
Diagram 8
(a) Based on the data in Diagram 8, complete Table 2 in the answer space.
[4 marks]

(b) Hence, calculate the estimated mean of the masses of the newspapers collected.
[3 marks]

(c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided.
By using the scale of 2 cm to 5 kg on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 day on the vertical
axis, draw a histogram for the data.
[4 marks]

(d) Based on your histogram in 15(c), give one information about the modal class of the data.
[1 mark]

Answer:
Mass (kg) Frequency Midpoint
52 – 56
57 – 61

9. SPM Nov 2007, No 16

Table 2 shows the frequency distribution of the mass, in kg, of a group of 80 students.
Mass (kg) Frequency
30 – 34 5
35 – 39 8
40 – 44 11
45 – 49 21
50 – 54 22
55 – 59 10
60 – 64 3
Table 2

(a) (i) State the modal class

(ii) Calculate the estimated mean of the mass of the group of students.
[4 marks]

Statistics 31
 (b) Based on Table 2, complete Table 3 in the answer space to show the cumulative frequency
distribution of the masses.
[3 marks]

(c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided.
By using the scale of 2 cm to 5 kg on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 10 students on the
vertical axis, draw an ogive for the data.
[4 marks]

(d) 25% of all the students in the group have a mass of less than p kg. These students will be
supplied with nutritional food.
Using the ogive you had drawn in 16(c), find the value of p.
[1 mark]

Answer:
(a) (i)

(ii)

(b)
Upper Boundary (kg) Cumulative frequency
29.5 0
34.5

Table 3

10. SPM Jun 2008, No 14

Data in Diagram 14 shows the number of books read by 40 students in a reading programme in a
particular class.

18 14 11 16 13 17 12 23
12 19 17 15 11 21 7 14
15 11 5 18 9 22 24 19
17 9 14 12 6 15 10 13
19 15 20 10 14 8 12 16
Diagram 14

(a) Based on the data in Diagram 14 and by using the class interval of 3, complete Table 14
in the answer space.
[3 marks]

Statistics 32
 (b) Based on Table 14 in 14(a), calculate the estimated mean of the books read by a student.
[3 marks]

(c) By using the scale of 2 cm to 3 books on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to one student on
the vertical axis, draw the frequency polygon for this data.
[5 marks]

(d) Based on the frequency polygon in 14(c), give one information about this reading
programme.
[1 mark]
Answer:
(a)
Class interval Frequency Midpoint
5–7 6
8 – 10

Table 14

(b)

(c)

(d)

11. SPM Nov 2008, No 14.

The data below shows the payment, in RM, by 40 drivers at a toll booth.

38 34 41 25 19 32 28 42
32 25 32 27 42 23 18 46
21 42 36 30 33 37 43 25
24 18 26 35 47 22 38 33
30 23 37 48 39 34 41 27

(a) Based on the data, complete Table 14 in the answer space.

[3 marks]

(b) Based on Table 14 in 14(a), calculate the estimated mean of the toll paid by a driver.
[3 marks]

(c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided.
By using the scale of 2 cm to RM5 on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 driver on the
vertical axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data.
[5 marks]

Statistics 33
 (d) Based on the frequency polygon in 14(c), state the number of drivers who paid more than
RM34 for the toll.
[1 mark]

Answer:

a)
Class Interval Midpoint Frequency
15 – 19 17

b)

d)

Statistics 34
ANSWERS
Chapter 8 : Statistics III

Exercise 8.1.1:
a)class interval b)class interval c)class interval
31-40 0-4 20-21
41-50 5-9 22-23
51-60 10-14 24-25
61-70 15-19 26-27
71-80 28-29

Exercise 8.1.2

(a) (b) (c)

Class interval
Class interval
2.0 – 2.9
0.60 – 0.65
0.66 – 0.71 3.0 – 3.9
0.72 – 0.77 4.0 – 4.9
0.78 – 0.83 5.0 – 5.9
0.84 – 0.89 6.0 – 6.9
Class interval
0.4 – 0.8
0.9 – 1.3 Exercise 8.1.3 :
1.4 – 1.8 (a)
1.9 – 2.3
Class Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of the
2.4 – 2.8
interval boundary boundary class interval
3–9 3 9 2.5 9.5 7
10 – 16 10 16 9.5 16.5 7
17 – 23 17 23 16.5 23.5 7
24 – 30 24 30 23.5 30.5 7

(b)
Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of the
boundary boundary class interval
4–8 4 8 3.5 8.5 5
9 – 13 9 13 8.5 13.5 5
14 – 18 14 18 13.5 18.5 5
19 – 23 19 23 18.5 23.5 5

(c)
Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of the
boundary boundary class interval
10 – 16 10 16 9.5 16.5 7
17 – 23 17 23 16.5 23.5 7
24 – 30 24 30 23.5 30.5 7
31 – 37 31 37 30.5 37.5 7

Statistics 35
 (d)
Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of the
boundary boundary class interval
1.0 – 4.9 1.0 4.9 0.95 4.95 4
5.0 – 8.9 5.0 8.9 4.95 8.95 4
9.0 – 12.9 9.0 12.9 8.95 12.95 4
13.0 – 16.9 13.0 16.9 12.95 16.95 4
(e)
Class interval Lower limit Upper limit Lower Upper Size of the
boundary boundary class interval
2.0 – 2.9 2.0 2.9 1.95 2.95 1
3.0 – 3.9 3.0 3.9 2.95 3.95 1
4.0 – 4.9 4.0 4.9 3.95 4.95 1
5.0 – 5.9 5.0 5.9 4.95 5.95 1

Exercise 8.1.4 :

(a) The highest value is 94

The lowest value is 45
The range is 94 – 45 = 49
(i)
Donations collected 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 74 75 - 84 85 - 94
(ii)

Donations 44 -50 51 - 57 58 - 64 65 - 71 72 - 78 79 - 85 86 - 92 93 - 99
collected
(b)
Number of coconut 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69

Exercise 8.1.5 :
(a)
Class interval Frequency
100 -105 7
106 - 111 4
112 - 117 6
118 - 123 2
124 - 129 9
130 - 135 2
Total 30
(b)
Class interval Frequency
300 – 309 5
310 – 319 7
320 – 329 5
330 – 339 5
340 – 349 7
350 – 359 1
Total 30

Statistics 36
(c)
Class interval Frequency
1.00 – 1.14 1
1.15 – 1.29 1
1.30 – 1.44 2
1.45 – 1.59 2
1.60 – 1.74 3
1.75 – 1.89 4
1.90 – 2.04 7
Total 20
Exercise 8.2.1 :
(a) Modal class : 37 – 41
(b) Modal class : 12.0 – 12.4
(c) Modal class : 125 – 128

Exercise 8.2.2 :
Class interval Frequency Midpoint
12 – 15 4 13.5
16 – 19 6 17.5
20 – 23 7 21.5
24 – 27 3 25.5
a)
(13.5  4)  (17.5  6)  (21.5  7)  (25.5  3)
Mean =
4673
386
=
20
= 19.3

b)
Class interval Frequency Midpoint
7.1 – 7.4 10 7.25
7.5 – 7.8 20 7.65
7.9 – 8.2 20 8.05
8.3 – 8.6 5 8.45
(7.25  10)  (7.65  20)  (8.05  20)  (8.45  5)
Mean =
10  20  20  5
428.75
=
55
= 7.795
c)
Class interval Frequency Midpoint
45 - 49 5 47
50 – 54 8 52
55 - 59 9 57
60 - 64 10 62
65 - 69 4 67

Statistics 37
 (47  5)  (52  8)  (57  9)  (62  10)  (67  4)
Mean =
5  8  9  10  4

2052
=
36
= 57.0

Exercise 8.3:
1a) Modal class = 20 – 29
b) Student who received the award = 30 +20
= 50
c)
Class interval Frequency Midpoints
10 – 19 60 14.5
20 – 29 120 24.5
30 – 39 80 34.5
40 – 49 100 44.5
50 – 59 30 54.5
60 - 69 20 64.5

(60  14.5)  (120  24.5)  (30  54.5)  (20  64.5)

Mean =
60  120  80  100  30  20
13945
=
410
= 34.01
= 34

Exercise 8.4:
1.a) Total number of members = 4 + 16 + 36 + 24 = 80
20  25
b) Upper boundary = = 22.5
2
15  25
Lower boundary = = 17.5
2
Upper limit = 22
Lower limit = 18
Modal class = 18 – 22
(4  10)  (16  15)  (36  20)  (24  25)
c) mean age =
80
= 20
24
d) percentage of members who are above 23 years old =  100
80

= 30%

Exercise 8.5:
1 a) 2, 6, 14, 24, 36, 40
b) 10, 25, 33, 39

Statistics 38
Exercise 8.6:
1 a)
Height (cm) frequency Upper Cumulative
boundary frequency
145 - 149 0 149.5 0
150 - 154 3 154.5 3
155 - 159 5 159.5 8
160 - 164 6 164.5 14
165 - 169 9 169.5 23
170 - 174 10 174.5 33
175 - 179 6 179.5 39
180 - 184 1 184.5 40

c i) median = 168
ii) interquartile range = 173 – 161.5 = 11.5

2 a)
Duration (mm) frequency Upper Cumulative
boundary frequency
1-5 5 5.5 5
6 - 10 6 10.5 11
11 - 15 8 15.5 19
16 - 20 10 20.5 29
21 - 25 4 25.5 33
26 - 30 2 30.5 35

Statistics 39
 c i) median = 15
ii} interquartile range = 19.25 – 8.5 = 10.75

8.7 Examination Format Questions

2. (a)
Pocket money(RM) Frequency Midpoint
1–3 0 2
4–6 3 5
7–9 5 8
10 – 12 8 11
13 – 15 7 14
16 – 18 9 17
19 – 21 8 20

(b) (i) Modal class = 16 – 18

(5  3)  (8  5)  (11  8)  (14  7)  (17  9)  ( 20  8)
(ii) Mean =
0358 798

554
=
40

= RM 13.85

(iii)

Statistics 40
 10

7
Frequency
6

0
3.5
3.5 6.5 9.5 9.512.5
6.5 12.5 18.515.5
15.5 21.5

Pocket money

3. (a) (i) x = ( 4+ 7 +3 ) – ( 5 + 8 )
= 14 – 13
= 1
(ii) Maximum value of x = 7

(b) (i)

Mass (kg) Frequency

41 – 44 7
45 – 48 8
49 – 52 5
53 – 56 3
57 – 60 5
61 – 64 8
65 – 68 9

(ii) 10
9
8
7
Frequency

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
40.5 .5 44.5 48.8
.5 52.5.5 56.5 860.5
.5
44
64.5 68.5 52 60 6
Mass(kg)

(iii) The modal class of the data is 65 – 68 kg.

Statistics 41
4. (a) Modal class = 9 – 12

(b)
Donation (RM) Frequency Cumulative Upper boundary
frequency
0 0 0 0.5
1–4 2 2 4.5
5–8 5 7 8.5
9 – 12 12 19 12.5
13 – 16 8 27 16.5
17 – 20 5 32 20.5
21 – 24 3 35 24.5
25 – 28 1 36 28.5

(c) (i)

40

35

30
Third quartile
Cumulative frequency

25

20

15

10 First

5
9. 16.5
0
0.5 4.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 20.5 24.5 28.5
Donation (RM)

(ii) Interquartile range = 16.5 – 9.3

= RM 7.20

5. (a) The percentage of students who scored more than 80

48  19
= x 100%
48
29
= x 100%
48
= 60.42 %

Statistics 42
(b)
Score Cumulative frequency Frequency Midpoint
60 – 64 0 0 62
65 – 69 2 2 67
70 – 74 7 5 72
75 – 79 17 10 77
80 – 84 34 17 82
85 – 89 43 9 87
90 – 94 47 4 92
95 – 99 48 1 97

(67  2)  (72  5)  (77  10)  (82  17)  (87  9)  (92  4)  (97  1)

(c) Mean =
0  2  5  10  17  9  4  1
3906
=
48

= 81.375

(d)

18

16

14

12
Frequency

10

0
62 67 72 77 82 87 92 97 102
Score

6. (a) (i) Size of class interval = 1.95 – 1.45

= 0.5 kg
(ii) Modal class = 3.0 – 3.4

3 .0  3 .4
Midpoint of the modal class =
2
= 3.2

Statistics 43
(b) (i)
Upper boundary Cumulative frequency
1.45 0
1.95 4
2.45 14
2.95 40
3.45 124
3.95 174
4.45 189
4.95 197
5.45 200

(ii)

220

200

180
164
160
Cummulative frequency

140

120
Median
100

80

60

40
3.40

20

0
1.45 1.95 2.45 2.95 3.45 3.95 4.45 4.95 5.45
Mass (kg)

(iii) (a) Median = 3.40 kg

(b) The number of watermelons with the weight less than 3.8 kg = 200 – 164
= 36.

Statistics 44
7. (a)
Mark
Cumulative Frequency Midpoint
frequency
55 – 59 0 0 57
60 – 64 7 7 62
65 – 69 11 4 67
70 – 74 17 6 72
75 – 79 26 9 77
80 – 84 34 8 82
85 – 89 37 3 87
90 - 94 40 3 92
(b) (i) Size of class interval = 59.5 – 54.5
= 5 marks
(ii) Modal class = 75 – 79
75  79
(iii) Midpoint of the modal class =
2
= 77
(62  7)  (67  4)  (72  6)  (77  9)  (82  8)  (87  3)  (92  3)
(c) Mean =
0 7 4 6 98 3 3
3020
=
40

= 75.5 marks

(d)

10

6
Frequency

0
54.5
54.5
59.5
59.5
64.5
64.5
69.5
69.5
74.5
74.5
79.5
79.584.5
84.589.5
89.594.5
94.5
Mark

Statistics 45
8. (a)

Mark Frequency Cumulative Upper boundary

frequency
1 – 10 0 0 10.5
11 – 20 1 1 20.5
21 – 30 2 3 30.5
31 – 40 7 10 40.5
41 – 50 12 22 50.5
51 – 60 9 31 60.5
61 – 70 5 36 70.5
71 – 80 3 39 80.5
81 – 90 1 40 90.5

(b)

45

40

35
Third quartile
Cumulative frequency

30

25
Median
20

15
First quartile
10
49.5

59.5

0
10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5
Mark

(c) (i) Interquartile range = 59.5 – 40.5

= 19.0 marks

(ii) Median = 49.5 marks

The median means 20 of the students scored less than 49.5 marks.

Statistics 46
9. (a) Range = 51 – 22
= 29 years.

(b)
Ages (years) Frequency Midpoint
21 – 25 2 23
26 – 30 6 28
31 – 35 15 33
36 – 40 7 38
41 – 45 5 43
46 – 50 4 48
51 – 55 1 53

(c) (i) Modal class = 31 – 35

( 23  2)  ( 28  6)  (33  15)  (38  7)  ( 43  5)  (48  4)  (53  1)
(ii) Mean =
2  6  15  7  5  4  1
1435
=
40

= 35.875 years

(d)

16

14

12

10
Frequency

0
18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53 58
Age (years)

Statistics 47
10. (a)

Daily Midpoint Upper Frequency Cumulative

income(RM) boundary frequency
16 – 20 18 20.5 0 0
21 – 25 23 25.5 4 4
26 – 30 28 30.5 10 14
31 – 35 33 35.5 8 22
36 – 40 38 40.5 4 26
41 – 45 43 45.5 2 28

(b) (i) Modal class = 26 – 30

(23  4)  ( 28  10)  (33  8)  (38  4)  ( 43  2)

(ii) Mean =
0  4  10  8  4  2
874
=
28

= RM 31.21
(c) (i)

28

24
Cumulative frequency

20

16

12

0
20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5
Daily income (RM)

(ii) The number of workers whose daily income is more than RM 38 = 28 – 24

=4

8.8 SPM PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

Statistics 48
1. SPM 2003
(a)
Donation (RM) Frequency Cumulative frequency
11 – 15 1 1
16 – 20 3 4
21 – 25 6 10
26 – 30 10 20
31 – 35 11 31
36 – 40 7 38
41 – 45 2 40
(b)

45

40

35
Cumulative frequency

30

25

20

15

10

0
10.5 15.5 20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5
Donation (RM)

(c) (i) 35

(ii) 30 families donated RM 35 or less

3. (SPM 2004)
(a)
Class interval Frequency Midpoint
10 – 12 1 11
13 – 15 2 14
16 – 18 3 17
19 – 21 5 20
22 – 24 6 23
25 – 27 9 26
28 – 30 4 29
31 - 33 2 32

(b) Mean =

Statistics 49
(11  1)  (14  2)  (17  3)  (20  5)  ( 23  6)  (26  9)  (29  4)  (32  2)
1 2  3  5  6  9  4  2
742
=
32

= 23.19

(c)

10
9
8
7
6
Frequency

5
4
3
2
1
0
9.5 12.5 15.5 18.5 21.5 24.5 27.5 30.5
12.5 18.5 24.5 30.533.5
Mass (kg)

(d) The modal class for the mass of suitcases is 25 – 27

6. (SPM 2006J)
(a)
Age ( Year) Midpoint Upper boundary Cumulative frequency
20 – 24 22 24.5 2
25 – 29 27 29.5 8
30 – 34 32 34.5 17
35 -39 37 39.5 27
40 - 44 42 44.5 34
45 – 49 47 49.5 38
50 - 54 52 54.5 40

(2  22)  (6  27)  (9  32)  (10  37)  (7  42)  (4  47)  (2  52)

(b) Mean =
40

44  162  288  370  294  188  104

=
40
1450
=
40

= 36.25

Statistics 50
5. SPM 2005N
(a)
Marks Midpoint Frequency
20 – 24 22 5
25 – 29 27 7
30 – 34 32 8
35 – 39 37 10
40 – 44 42 6
45 – 49 47 4
50 – 54 52 2

(b) (i) Modal class = 35 – 39

(5  22)  (7  27)  (8  32)  (10  37)  (6  42)  (4  47)  (2  5)
(ii) Mean =
5  7  8  10  6  4  2
1469
=
42

= 34.98 ( 2 d.p)
(c)

11

10

7
Frequency

0
19.5 24.5
19.5 29.5
24.5 34.5
29.5 39.5
34.5 44.5
39.5 49.5
44.5 54.5
49.5 54.5
Mark

Statistics 51
7. November 2006

a)
Class Interval Midpoint Frequency
21 – 25 23 5
26 – 30 28 6
31 – 35 33 8
36 – 40 38 10
41 – 45 43 7
46 – 50 48 4

23  5  28  6  33  8  38 10  43  7  48  4
b) mean =
40
1420
=
40
= 35.5

c)

d) Any correct information that can be obtained from the frequency polygon, eg. 4 students
donated more than RM48.

Statistics 52
8. SPM June 2007

a)
Mass (kg) Frequency Midpoint Freq x midpoint
52 – 56 3 54.5 163.5
57 – 61 8 59.5 476
62 – 66 6 64.5 387
67 – 71 3 69.5 208.5
72 – 76 11 74.5 819.5
77 – 81 5 79.5 397.5
36 2452
sum of (frequency  midpoint)
ii. Mean =
sum of data
2452

36
 68.11
c)

d) Between 72 – 76 kg of newspapers was collected over the most number of days (11 days)

Statistics 53
9. SPM Nov 2007

a) i) Modal class is 50 – 54 kg
ii)
Mass (kg) Midpoint Frequency Midpoint x
frequency
30 – 34 32 5 160
35 – 39 37 8 296
40 – 44 42 11 462
45 – 49 47 21 987
50 – 54 52 22 1144
55 – 59 57 10 570
60 – 64 62 3 186
80 3805

3805

Mean = 80
 47.56
b)
Boundaries Frequency Cumulative
frequency
29.5 0 0
34.5 5 5
39.5 8 13
44.5 11 24
49.5 21 45
54.5 22 67
59.5 10 77
64.5 3 80

c)

d) at 25%, 20 of the students have a mass of less than p = 43 kg

Statistics 54
10. SPM June 2008 Q14

a)
Class interval Frequency Midpoint Freq x midpoint
5–7 3 6 18
8 – 10 5 9 45
11 – 13 9 12 108
14 – 16 10 15 150
17 – 19 8 18 144
20 – 22 3 21 63
23 – 25 2 24 48
40 576
576
mean 
b) 40
 14.4

c)

d) The modal class for the number of books read by these students is 14 – 16 books.

Statistics 55
11. SPM Nov 2008 Q14

a)
Class Interval Midpoint Frequency Midpoint x frequency
15 – 19 17 3 51
20 – 24 22 5 110
25 – 29 27 7 189
30 – 34 32 9 288
35 – 39 37 7 259
40 – 44 42 6 252
45 – 49 47 3 141
40 1290

1290
Mean =
b) 40
= 32.25

c)

d) The number of drivers who paid more than RM34 for the toll
=7+6+3
= 16

Statistics 56