BMKÏPOFL LKOALC
Tmsicufoök `m mjmrfofois Flpátuci 6
Kiadrm: Alrofruz Wocclböamz Airmki
Fö`obi: 484 
Vmamstrm: \uokti <

Mjmrfofois pmrsiklcms:

Mjmrfofoi <: Mc pmci firti `m cis fikmjis ms fi`ogofl`i pir uk bmk `iaoklktm (C) y mc
pmci clrbi pir su lcmci rmfmsovi (c). Mc pmci kmbri rmsuctl `m cl lffoök `mc bmkitopi
`iaoklktm (D-) y mc ficir flgï `mc bmkitopi rmfmsovi (dd).
@ltis
@iaoklktm (pmci firti): C 
Lcmci rmfmsovi: (pmci clrbi): c 
Bmkitopi `iaoklktm (ficir kmbri): D-
Bmkitopi rmfmsovi (ficir flgï): dd
l) ¹\uï pripirfoikms bmkitápofls y gmkitápofls sm mspmrlk mktrm cl pribmkom `m cl
fruzl mktrm fikmjis `ohádro`is `m pmci firti y kmbris fik fikmjis hiaifobitis `m
pmci firti y flgïs9
Cc D- x CCdd

C c
< < < <
D DC Dc  ,  ,  ,    
d dC dc
0 0 0 0

C C 
d Cd Cd
  1 Pi`is Cd 

d Cd Cd

   
(   ,   ,   ,     ) x ( Cd) 

Tmspumstl: 
   
Bmkitápofl:  ,    ,   ,    
 
Gmkitápofl:              ï
 

d) @mtmraokm cls pripirfoikms gmkitápofls y bmkitápofls `m cl pribmkom l plrtor `mc

fruzlaomkti CcDd X Ccdd.
C c
< < < <
D DC Dc  ,  ,  ,    
0 0 0 0
d dC dc

C c
< <
d dC dc  , 
4 4
d dC dc

< <
  1  
4 8
<
  <
0 <
    1  
4 8 <
 
0
< <
  1  
< 4 8
 
0 < <
   1  
4 8
< <
<   1  
  4 8
0
< <
    1  
4 8 <
 
< < 0
  1  
< 4 8
 
0 < <
    1  
4 8

Tmspumstl: 
     
Bmkitápofl:  ,   ,   ,   ,   ,    
6 6 < <
Gmkitápofl:            ï 5           ï
8 8 8 8
 

Mjmrfofoi 4: Cl giral `mc rìdlki pum`m smr clrbl (CC), rm`ik`l (C'C‴)  u ivlc (CC‴)5
mc ficir pum`m smr riji (TT), dclkfi (T‴T‴)i purpurl (TT‟  ).
@ltis:
Tìdlki Clrbl : CC 
Tìdlki rm`ik`l: C‟C‟ 
Tìdlki ivlc: CC‟ 
Ficir riji: TT
Ficir dclkfi: T ‟T‟ 
Ficir purpurl: TT ‟ 
¹\uï pripirfoikms gmkitápofls sm mspmrlk mk cls bmkmrlfoikms G<G4 so uk rìdlki
clrbi dclkfi sm okjmrtl fik uki rm`ik`i riji9
CCT ‟T‟ x C‟C‟TT  

C C C' C'

T' CT' CT' T C'T C'T

T' CT' CT' T C'T C'T

Pi`is CT‟  Pi`is C‟T

CT ‟ x C‟T 1 CC‟TT‟ 

C' C
< < < <
T' C'T' CT'  ‴‴,  ‴,  ‴,    
T C'T CT
0 0 0 0

<   <   < 

         1   ‴‴‴ 
0 0 <7
<   <  < 
        1   ‴‴  
0 0 <7

<   < < 

         1   ‴‴ 
0 0 <7

<   < < 

       1   ‴  
0 0 <7
< < <
         1  ‴‴ 
0 0 <7

< < <

     ‴   1  ‴‴  
0 0 <7
 

<   < <

      1  ‴  
0 0 <7

< < <

     1    
0 0 <7

Tmspumstl: 
G< 1Pi`is cis rìdlkis sik ivlcms purpurls
G41 <    , 5 <    5 <     5 <    
<7 8 8 8

< < < < <

   5    5     5       
0 8 <7 8 <7

Mjmrfofoi 6: Mk cl fruzl `m prmfursirms LLDDFF@@MM X llddff``mm

l) ¹Fuìktis blamtis G< `ogmrmktms pum`mk giralrsm9
Mxostm 4 pisodoco`l`ms `m fruzls plrl cis prmfursirms LL-DD-FF-@@-MM i plrl cis
 prmfursirms ll-dd-ff-``-mm

4= 1 64 ï  

d) ¹Fuìktis bmkitopis `ogmrmktms sm mspmrlk mk cl bmkmrlfoök G49

Cl ukoök `m `is blamtis pum`m `lr 6 fiadoklfoikms `ostoktls, pir mjmapci

(L y l)1LL, Ll y ll
VO fl`l blamti pum`m `lr trms fiadoklfoikms supikmais cl sobuomktm mfulfoök.

6= 1 406 á  

f) ¹Fuìktis ful`ris pi`rálk kmfmsotlrsm mk uk tldcmri blaïtofi plrl lfiai`lr cl

bmkmrlfoök G49
Cl ukoök `m 0 blamtis `ogmrmktms pum`m `lr fiadoklfoikms `ogmrmktms, pir mjmapci

LdxDd1LD, Ld,Dd y dd
0= 1 <>40     ï 
 

 
Mjmrfofois fiapcmamktlrois `m `is fiaplümris:
Mstu`olktm: Gmrklk`i Flrrlkzl 
Mjmrfofoi 0:
4.- Mk cl @risiphocl, mc ficir kmbri `mc fumrpi ms pri`ufo`i pir uk bmk rmfmsovi m y
mc ficir bros mk mc topi klturlc i socvmstrm ms pri`ufo`i pir mc lcmci `iaoklktm m+.
Cls lcls ru`oamktlrols sik fi`ogofl`ls pir uk bmk rmfmsovi vb y cls lcls kiralcms
(topi klturlc) pir su lcmci `iaoklktm vb+. Vo cls aisfls `o hodro`ls `m topi klturlc
sm fruzlk y pri`ufmk 4=7 `msfmk`omktms, ¹fuìktis `m mstis `msfmk`omktms sm
mspmrlk mk fl`l fclsm `m gmkitopi9
@ltis
• m ficir kmbri (rmfmsovi)
• m+ ficir bros (`iaoklktm)
• lcls ru`oamktlrols vb (rmfmsovi)
• lcls kiralcms vb+ (`iaoklktm)
• 4=7 `msfmk`omktms

m+vb+ m+vb mvb+ mvb

m+vb+ m+m+vb+vb+ m+m+vb+vb m+mvb+vb+ m+mvb+vb
bros-kiralc bros-kiralc bros-kiralc bros-kiralc
m+vb m+m+vb+vb m+m+vbvb m+mvb+vb m+mvbvb
bros-kiralc bros- bros-kiralc bros-
ru`oamktlrol ru`oamktlroi
mvb+ m+m vb+vb+ m+mvb+vb mmvb+vb+ mmvb+vb
bros-kiralc bros-kiralc kmbri-kiralc kmbri-kiralc
mvb m+mvb+vb m+mvbvb mmvb+vb mmvbvb
bros-kiralc bros- kmbri-kiralc kmbri-
ru`oamktlroi ru`oamktlroi

Tmspumstls:
Tmclfoök:?:6:6:<
Tmbcl `m 6
<.- <7……….4=7 
?………… X1 ?*4=7/<71 <00 `m topi kiralc fik lcls `m ficir bros.
4.- <7……….4=7 
6………… X1 6*4=7/<71 08 `m ficir bros `m topi ru`oamktlrol
 

6.- <7……….4=7 
6………… X1 6*4=7/<71 08 `m ficir kmbri `m topi kiralc
0.- <7……….4=7 
<………. X1 <*4=7/<71 <7 `m ficir kmbri `m topi ru`oamktlrol

Mstu`olktm: Drylk ^ïrmz 

Mjmrfofoi =:
Cl pisofoök `m cl gcir mk mc tlcci `m cis buoslktms `m jlr`ák ms fi`ogofl`l pir uk plr
`m lcmcis. Cls gcirms qum frmfmk mk cls lxocls (ìkbuci supmroir mktrm mc pmfoici y mc
tlcci) sik pri`ufo`ls pir cl lffoök `m uk lcmci `iaoklktm P5 lqumccls qum frmfmk fik
ukl sicl puktl mk mc tlcci sik pri`ufo`ls pir uk lcmci rmfmsovi t. Cls gcirms fik ficir
sik pri`ufo`ls pir uk bmk `iaoklktm F y cls gcirms dclkfls pir uk lcmci rmfmsovi f.
]kl pclktl `m `ohádro`l fik gcirms `m ficir mk cls lxocls `m cls hijls sm fruzl fik
ukl mspmfom purl `mc aosai gmkitopi. ¹\uï pripirfoikms bmkitápofls y gmkitápofls
sm mspmrlk `m cl pribmkom G<9
@ltis
Lxoclr (`iaoklktm) 1 P

^uktl (rmfmsovi) 1 t
Ficir (`iaoklktm) 1 F
Dclkfi (rmfmsovi) 1f
Ff X Pf (@ohádro`l)

P t
F FP Ft
f fP ft
Grmfumkfol gmkitápofl
FP , Ft, fP, ft
Mspmfom purl FFPP

FP Ft fP ft
FP FFPP FFPf FfPP FfPt
³ FFPP, ³ FFtf, ³ FfPP, ³ FfPt <>>% Lxoclr ficir