Nama : James Viter Silitonga

Kelas : AK 3-C
Nim : 2005081038

1. CULTURE is considered to be group

specific behaviour that is acquired, at least in part, from social influences.
Some terms are included in cross culture understanding, such as: ethnic groups/tribes,
cultures, ethics/ethiquettes, values, norms, customs, life styles, traditions,
songs, dances, traditional festivals, languages/dialects, arts, paintings, beliefs/religions,
cuisines/culinary, fashions/clothings/appeal, sports, etc.

Instruction:

Add more terms you can think dealing

to CULTURE. Give clear explanation to the mentioned terms  above. Provide examples
to your explanation.

Answer :

1. Cross culture is a term which is often used to describe situations when a culture
faced with other cultures and both influence each other and impacts, both positive
and negative, as happens in every tourism activities, where tourists are ensured to
interact and have a positive or negative impact on society local.

-For example, a Nias tribe will hold an event attended by ourselves who have
different tribes. We should not compare between the obligations that exist in the tribe.
mutual respect for each other as long as they do not violate existing civil regulations

-Values and norms. Culture shows what values are values important and less
important. In some cultures, individuals are more emphasize work, personal
achievements, and related matters with the material (e.g., the United States), whereas in
other cultures, people who are expected to share, obey, and pay attention to people
others (eg, Asia). Culture helps to reaffirm values, overcoming difficulties, and finding
solutions to problems. Culture is included in the value system, and values create culture.

-Geographic and regional subcultures refer to geographical differences within

countries or similarities between countries. Regional subcultures refer to subcultures
that evolved due to differences in geography, history, politics, economics, language, and
religion (within and beyond national borders). Each geographic area or region develops
its own culture, values, and lifestyle.

- Social heritage and tradition. Culture refers to the history of a nation, territory, or
group of people, and traditions, customs, arts, crafts, architecture, music, and painting

- Way of life. Culture is the way of life of a group of people or the whole society that
shows how to live and what criteria used to decide what to do in life and how to do things

- The rules of social life. Culture is a set of rules which gives direction on how
humans should behave in their life. These rules also allow for a better understanding of
the behavior of others, and predict why and how others will behave. These rules must be
followed to maintain harmony and order in society.

- Information and communication. Culture is information, and information is

communication. Thus, culture is a communication system that uses verbal and non-
verbal cues that distinguish one group to another. Language is a guide for
communication and culture. Language helps transmit human values, beliefs,
perceptions, and norms. Facilitating language development of attitudes and perceptions
of the world. Differences in language and Verbal cues give rise to different ways of
expressing beliefs, values, and perceptions. Non-verbal cues, such as gestures or body
language, also differ culturally. For example, in some cultures, interrupting a discussion
is commonplace (e.g., Brazil), but in other cultures, considered rude (e.g., Japanese). So,
different cultures have different communication systems. In some societies people speak
several major languages (for example, in Switzerland people speak German, Italian and
French). In one language group there may be various dialects, slang, jargon, or accents.
People who speak the same language with accents or jargon the same thing distinguishes
them from others

- Symbols and meanings. Culture is a system of symbols, meanings, ideas, and

emotions that affect a person's experience. Member of the culture the same thing
depends on the same symbol (e.g., letters, signs) to frame their thoughts, expressions,
and emotions (e.g., joy, sadness). Symbols help people communicate, develop attitudes
toward life and other people, and understand socially acceptable behavior. Symbol make
culture becomes possible and readable. Even though the meaning can't be observed and
measured, but meaning can help to understand other people's behavior. For example, in
some cultures pat the head of a child is not acceptable because the head is considered as
intellectual power center (e.g., Malaysia), while in culture others patting the head is
acceptable. In Poland, pat on the head
- . Cognitive knowledge. Culture is a system of cognitive knowledge, classifications,
and categories that exist in the human mind and are formed by the human brain.
Culture is often described as "programming". collective mind, which distinguishes
members of one group from other groups (Hofstede, 1991). For example, the rules for
human behavior is determined by the mind that has been patterned culture.