PNP Safety Manual Edited

Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
CRIME LABORATORY
Camp BGen Rafael T Crame, Quezon City
LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS
Emergency Hotline 911
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council 8911-1406

8911-2665
8911-5061 to 65
PNP FIRE STATION, NHQ PNP 8721-8902 local 35
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) – Quezon City 8426-4399

Quezon City Fire Department 8927-4444
8920-1378
National Poison Control 8524-1078
PNP General Hospital 8722-0670 local 3326

PNP General Hospital Emergency Section 8725-3189 local 3366
Quirino Memorial Medical Center 8421-2250

5304-9800
East Avenue Medical Center 8928-0611
St. Luke’s Medical Center 8723-0101
Philippine National Red Cross Quezon City Chapter 8920-3672
8433-2151
Bomb Squad
EOD
PHIVOLCS 8929-8958
Department of Health 0920-9498419

8711-1001 to 02
PAG-ASA 8927-1541
8926-4251
NDRRMC 8911-1406
8912-2665
MMDA 136
Philippine Coast Guard 8527-8481
Meralco 162-11
PLDT 171/173
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INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE:
Forensic Chemistry Division Laboratory Safety Manual describes policies,
procedures, personal protective equipment and work practices that are capable of
protecting the employees from potential health hazards inside the laboratory.
This safety manual is intended to provide control measures essential for
protecting Chemistry Division personnel from common hazards found in the
laboratory and to safety limit the laboratory worker’s exposure to substances and
chemicals in excess of the permissible exposure limits. This will also require the
management of Forensic Chemistry Division to evaluate the entire workplace for the
presence of hazardous substances, harmful physical agents and infectious agents.
Proper labeling of identified hazardous substances present in the workplace must
also be required.
Moreover, all personnel required to read and understand the content of this
safety manual will gain preparedness and awareness in case of emergency
situations.
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES:
The Laboratory Safety Manual must be followed at all times. Laboratory
personnel must have access to this manual and other safety documents.
All personnel are expected to follow all applicable practices and procedures
contained in the Laboratory Safety Manual, complete safety trainings if any, and
report hazardous or unsafe conditions to the supervisor.
Forensic Chemistry Division Personnel must:
1. Cooperate with the management in maintaining a safe workplace
2. Report any potential hazards to management
3. Be aware of the nearest emergency exits, firefighting extinguishers, spill kits
and first aid kits
4. Never interfere with or misuse anything provided by the company in the
interest of health and safety
5. Know the company health and safety statement by heart and obey all
mandatory signs
6. Not partake in any form of prank likely to lead injury to yourself or others.
Chief, Chemistry Division is responsible for ensuring that the policies and
guidelines established in this manual are strictly followed by all employees, visitors,
clients that are in the jurisdiction of this laboratory.
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Visitors are considered to be all the persons entering the laboratory other than the
personnel and staffs. Visitors must be under the supervision of the Officer-on-duty or
the personnel responsible for laboratory security during the visit.
The Chief, Chemistry Division/ Assistant Chief Chemistry Division must ensure that
the following is accomplished:
1. Create a list of chemicals stored in the laboratory
Accurate list of chemicals must be recorded and updated at least annually.
SDS attachments must be complied when chemicals are received in the
laboratory.
2. Identify and assess hazards
Assessment must include:

a. Researching chemicals and processes to be used
b. Identifying and evaluating all types of hazards involved
c. Considering additional hazards if scaling up
d. Selecting controls to adequately lower the perceived risks:
e. Ensuring emergency response situations have been addressed.
Control Measures:
a. Eliminate hazardous substances and hazardous steps in the process
b. Substitute with less hazardous chemicals, smaller quantities and safer
processes
c. Implement administrative controls
d. Assess PPE requirements as a last line of defense
3. Document and Enforce Appropriate Safety Practices

Safe work practices and rules required within the laboratory must be
documented. “Laboratory Safety Rules” must be conspicuously posted in the
laboratory.
4. Ensure Display of Signage and Labels

Appropriate signage must be posted and hazardous materials containers
must be properly labeled.
5. Assess, Provide and Document Training

The laboratory must ensure that training requirements for the staff is
assessed according to their duties. Employees must receive general and
laboratory specific training, including the hazards of the chemical present and
the required safety procedures necessary.
6. Ensure that staffs have access to safety information
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Laboratory personnel must have access to the essential safety information
such as SDS while they are inside the laboratory premises. This information
should be available in the laboratory space where work is being performed.
7. Ensure visitor safety
Visitors must be oriented on hazards and safety precautions including the
requirements for use of complete Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Surfaces and equipment must be decontaminated and cleaned prior to
allowing visitors to contact surfaces and equipment.
8. Enforce restriction on children

The laboratory must not be used as a child care area. Volunteers, interns, on-
the-job trainees, below 18 years old must not be exposed to agents that pose
high health risk. These risks include such material as human body fluids,
radioactive and hazardous substances.
9. Enforce restriction on pets

Staffs are prohibited from bringing pets into the laboratory premises
10. Enforce restrictions on smoking, alcohol and drugs

It is not permissible to attend work under the influence of intoxicating liquor or
drugs. Smoking of any tobacco products is prohibited within 10 meters of
laboratory premises. Flammable materials and compressed gases are being
used in the laboratory, therefore any source of ignition must be avoided.
11. Perform annual review and update of documents

Laboratory must check that changed information has been integrated to the
Laboratory Safety Manual. Update the laboratory procedures and conditions
and chemical inventories.
Check the condition of the equipment used by the laboratory personnel to
identify possible safety deficiencies such as dirty or worn equipment, out-of-
date fire extinguishers and emergency shower/eye wash.
12. Perform accident follow-up

All accidents and incidents must be investigated. Any accidents or incidents
which resulted to injury to personnel to the extent that they need medical
attention and those resulting to incidental fires and explosions must be
reported and recorded.
13. Perform periodic inspections

The assigned laboratory personnel must perform periodic self-inspections on
the laboratory. Deficiencies must be addressed.
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SCOPE AND APPLICATION:
Policies and procedures in this laboratory safety manual shall apply at all
locations in this laboratory.
A Chemical laboratory is defined as an area where chemical manipulations

are done for research, clinical procedures, synthesis and industrial purposes. These
chemical manipulations involve the use of hazardous chemicals in a variety of
formulations.
Hazardous chemicals are considered to be those which pose either a health

hazard or could cause a physical hazard from a chemical action. This laboratory
safety manual provides information about the chemicals present in our laboratory.
This laboratory safety manual covers all Chemistry Division personnel,

Chief/Assistant Chief and visitors.
SAFE LABORATORY PRACTICES
General Safety Guidelines
Standard operating procedures must be readily available to all laboratory

employees. The following guidelines have been established to minimize or eliminate
hazards in the laboratory. These guidelines have also been provided to maintain a
safe laboratory environment. It is the responsibility of each person that enters into
the laboratory to understand the safety and health hazards associated with potential
hazardous materials and equipment in the laboratory. It is also the individual's
responsibility to practice the following general safety guidelines at all times:
1. Always wear proper eye protection in chemical work, handling and storage
areas. Fitted goggles are essential if, for therapeutic reason, contact lenses
must be worn.
2. Always know the hazards associated with the materials that are being utilized
in the laboratory.
3. Always wear appropriate protective clothing with a suitable lab coat or apron.
4. Confine long hair and loose clothing. Do not wear high-heeled shoes, open-
toed shoes, sandals or shoes made of woven material.
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5. Always wash hands and arms with soap and water before leaving the work
area. This applies even if you have been wearing gloves.
6. Never perform any hazardous work when alone in the laboratory. At least two
people should be present.
7. Be familiar with the location of emergency equipment - fire alarm, fire

extinguisher, emergency eye wash and safety shower.
8. Know the appropriate emergency response procedures.
9. Use equipment and hazardous materials only for their intended purposes.
10. Use a hood whenever there is a possibility of poisonous or irritating fumes

being emitted.
11. Never leave any laboratory examination unattended while it is being heated or
is rapidly reacting.
12. Keep equipment back from the edge of the lab bench to prevent spillage.
13. Support all beakers and flasks with clamps. Do not use cracked or chipped
glassware.
14. Report any accident immediately.
Eating, Drinking and Smoking
Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, and taking medicine in

laboratories is strictly prohibited.
1. Food, beverages, cups, and other drinking and eating utensils should not be
stored in areas where hazardous materials are handled or stored.
2. Glassware used for laboratory operations should never be used to prepare or

consume food or beverages.
3. Laboratory refrigerators, ice chests, cold rooms, and ovens should not be
used for food storage or preparation.
4. Laboratory water sources and deionized water should not be used for drinking
water.
5. Laboratory materials should never be consumed or tasted.
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Housekeeping and Maintenance
In the laboratory, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer
environment.
1. Keep drawers and cabinet doors closed and electrical cords off the floor to
avoid tripping hazards.
2. Keep aisles clear of obstacles such as boxes, chemical containers, and other
storage items that might be put there.
3. Avoid slipping hazards by cleaning up spilled liquids promptly and by keeping

the floor free of loose equipment such as stirring rods, glass beads, stoppers,
and other such hazards.
4. Never block or even partially block the path to an exit or to safety equipment,
such as a safety shower or fire extinguishers.
5. Use the required procedure for the proper disposal of chemical wastes and
solvents.
6. The work area should be kept clean and uncluttered, with hazardous
materials and equipment properly stored.
7. Clean the work area upon completion of a task and at the end of the day.
8. When leaving the workplace, ensure unnecessary electrical equipment is

turned off and gas cylinders are tightly closed.
STANDARD LABORATORY CONTROL MEASURES
It is the responsibility of the Chemistry Division personnel to become familiar

with the specific functions and proper use of the control measures provided in the
laboratory.
Hygiene Practices
There are generalized precautions and personal hygiene practices that have
been established to protect laboratory personnel from hazards associated with
working with hazardous materials. These basic precautions will minimize the
possibility of such exposure:
1. Do not prepare, store, or consume food or beverages in the laboratory.
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2. Do not smoke in the laboratory. Tobacco products in opened packages can

absorb chemical vapors.
3. Do not apply cosmetics in a laboratory environment.
4. Wash hands and wrists thoroughly before leaving the laboratory, even if
gloves were worn during the work day.
5. Wash lab coats, aprons, or jackets separately from personal laundry to

prevent cross contamination.
6. Never wear or bring lab coats, jackets or aprons into areas that are
designated for the consumption of food.
7. Never mouth pipette.
8. Always use the appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid direct

contact with any hazardous chemical.
9. Laboratory personnel should know the symptoms of potential exposure

related to the hazardous material(s) they are working with.
10. Replace personal protective equipment as needed to maintain its integrity.
11. Avoid working alone whenever possible.
Ventilation
Ventilation controls should be readily available and easily accessible to

ensure that the laboratory air is continuously replaced and that concentrations of
toxic substances do not increase during the workday. Additionally, the ventilation
system should ensure that the toxic substances are not recirculated from laboratory
to laboratory or within the building. There are two main types of ventilation systems,
HVAC and local ventilation.
1. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are designed

primarily for temperature, humidity, and air quality.
2. Local ventilation systems are designed to remove the contaminants generated

by an experiment or device to the exterior of the building.
Safety Equipment
All laboratories should be provided with safety showers, eyewashes, and

appropriate fire extinguishers. Adequate ventilation, wash sinks, and approved waste
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disposal receptacles are also necessary. All of these should be conveniently located,
properly maintained, and frequently tested. Special consideration should be given to
ensure accessibility to safety equipment as well as ease of evacuation of physically
disabled individuals.
Fume Hoods
Laboratory air flows should be balanced at the time of fume hood installation
to achieve designed fume hood face velocities and uniformity of airflow patterns. To
assure the safety of the fume hood user, the following guidelines for fume hood use
should be observed:
1. Observe the schedules for shutdown of fume hood exhaust fans for routine
maintenance and/or repairs.
2. Ensure working condition of exhaust fan prior to fume hood use.
3. Always wear safety glasses and a lab coat when working at or near the fume
hood.
4. Remove all items from the fume hood which are not necessary for the
immediate operation or experiment.
5. Place all equipment necessary for the performance of experiments at least six
inches inside the front face of the fume hood.
6. Perform all work that will release noxious vapors, fumes or aerosols at least
six inches inside the front face of the fume hood.
7. Limit the quantity of chemicals and/or number of activities conducted within

the fume hood that have potential for creating an explosion or fire situation.
8. Place the fume hood sash at the proper working height for procedures
involving the handling of hazardous materials within the fume hood area.
Typically this is 14 to 18 inches.
9. Do not use the fume hood for handling and/or storage of hazardous materials
during scheduled periods of fume hood maintenance and/or repair.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a special gear used to protect the wearer
from specific hazards of a hazardous substance. It is important to be aware of the
hazardous materials you work with and which you may come into contact with. PPE
does not reduce or eliminate the hazard, but only protects the wearer.
PPE includes protective clothing, footwear, eye protection, gloves and respiratory
protection. The need of PPE is dependent on the type of operations and the nature
and quantity of materials used, and must be addressed on a case to case basis.
Workers who rely on PPE must understand the function, proper use and limitations .
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1. Clothing
Loose or torn clothing can fall into chemicals or become ensnared in

equipment and moving machinery. Aprons, lab coats, and other protective clothing,
preferably made of chemically inert material, should be readily available and utilized
in a laboratory environment. Hair should also be restrained because loose hair can
catch fire or dip into chemical solutions. A laboratory coat or an apron should be
worn when working with hazardous materials. This is particularly important if
personal clothing leaves skin exposed. Since many synthetic fabrics can adhere to
the skin when burning, and thereby increase the severity of a burn, cotton is the
preferred laboratory clothing fabric.
2. Eye and Face Protection
Laboratory work may require eye and face protection to reduce the possibility
of chemical exposures due to splashes. Eye protection is required of everyone who
enters a chemical work area. The type of eye protection needed depends on the
circumstances. Typically, safety goggles that protect the top, bottom, front and sides
of the eyes is mandatory. Safety goggles should not be worn in conjunction with
contact lenses, except for therapeutic reasons. If contact lenses are worn the
Laboratory Coordinator or Principal Investigator and co-workers should all be aware
of this, in case an accidental splash renders the wearer of such lenses incapable of
washing or rinsing his or her eyes.
3. Hand Protection
The purpose of gloves is to protect against abrasions, cuts, punctures, snags,

chemical burns, thermal burns, and temperature extremes in the work environment.
There is a variety of gloves on the market to choose from depending on the
chemical, the instrumentation, and the environment in which the hazardous material
will be handled.
4. Respiratory Protection
Respiratory protection from hazardous materials in a lab is generally achieved

by means of engineering controls (e.g., chemical fume hoods). The use of
respirators, including filtering face 41 pieces, is discouraged because they protect
only the wearer and require annual medical monitoring, specific training, and fit
testing to be sure they can be worn effectively. However, in certain situations, it may
be necessary to rely on PPE such as negative pressure air purifying respirators or
particle filtering face pieces to achieve exposure limits that are below regulatory
thresholds.
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BASIC FIRST AID:
If anyone falls unconscious following an injury, get the attention of the officer
on duty and call PNP General Hospital for assistance.
Cuts - Control the bleeding by applying pressure over the wound with a clean cloth
or gauze. Do not attempt to remove any broken glass, splinters, etc.
Seek medical attention.
Burns - Cool the burn. Hold the burned area under cool running water or apply a
cool, wet compress until the pain eases. Remove rings or other tight items from the
burned area. Try to do this quickly and gently, before the area swells. Don't break
blisters. Apply burn ointment cautiously.
Chemicals
On skin- wash off with copious amount of water. Seek medical attention if needed.
In eyes – if available, use an eyewash with the eyelids held open. Otherwise use
cold running water. Seek medical attention if needed.
Inhaled – if possible, move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if needed.
Swallowed - Seek medical attention if needed. Call the National Poison Management
and Control Center.
Electricity – switch off power. Get the attention of the officer on duty for help.
Other injuries (falls) – Call PNP General Hospital for medical attention.
In case of serious injury – rush the patient to the nearest hospital or to PNP
General Hospital.
FIRST AID BOX:
First aid box should be accessible to the personnel and ensure that the
contents are regularly maintained.
First aid box should contain the following:
 Sterile gauze pads/wound dressing
 Bandage
 Medical tape
 Antiseptic swabs
 Tweezers
 Scissors
 Gloves
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 Antibacterial and burn ointment
 First aid quick reference guide
IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY:
Precautions -Know at least two routes from the laboratory to the Exit. Know the
locations of telephone, fire extinguisher, fire alarm and first aid box.
Evacuation Procedure – all evacuation drills will be notified in advance. In the event
of evacuation, follow the route specified in the emergency evacuation route map.
Assembly away from the danger and clear off the laboratory. Do not re-enter until it
is safe to do so.
Fire- if the fire is clearly minor, deal with it using a fire extinguisher but do not
endanger yourself. Otherwise, call BFP-QC Hall Chapter (83790254)
Escape of Toxic material – leave the area immediately. Close all doors on exit.
Operate the nearest fire alarm point. Warn people to avoid the affected area.
Aiding an injured person – if the injury is slight, take the patient to First aid
responders. For serious injury, call PNP General Hospital for an ambulance or send
the person to the nearest hospital.
Flood – if the leak is obvious, stop the source of leak. Warn the people in the
laboratory to safeguard all the necessary documents and equipment. Disconnect all
equipment from the switch.
PREVENTING FIRES AND FLOODS
The laboratory must have a laboratory door sign posted outside, containing
the names and contact information of persons to contact in case of emergency. The
sign must also identify the type of hazards to be expected in the laboratory.
Fire Safety
Fire- fires can result in disabling injury or death. A fire may consume or destroy all
your work, leaving you with nothing to continue on.
The Fire Detection System

The laboratory is equipped with the fire detection system. The fire detection system
alarms whenever it detects flame, heat or smoke. When the alarm sounds, you must
leave the laboratory immediately.
Fire Extinguishers
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Fire extinguishers are very important components of safe laboratory operation. Each
laboratory should be equipped with the appropriate type for the expected fire
emergency and be capable of immediate utilization.
Fuel Classifications:
Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is burning. If you use the
wrong type of extinguisher on the wrong class of fire, you might make matters worse.
It is very important to understand the different fire (fuel) classifications.
Fire extinguishers are color coded and have a pictograph label telling you
which type of fire the extinguisher are designed to fight and those it is not suitable
for.
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Fire extinguisher must be checked on a yearly basis by a qualified maintainer
to ensure that they are fully operational. These are installed at every entrance of
each room accessible and visible to everyone.
Flood Safety
Floods – aside from the damage they can cause to equipment and documents,
floods can be dangerous to people by wetting live electrical equipment.
HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
Hazard – presence of material or condition that has the potential for causing loss or
harm
Risk – a combination of the severity of consequences and the likelihood of

occurrence of undesired outcomes
RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk assessment is the process used to evaluate the potential for adverse health or
environmental effects from exposure to naturally occurring or synthetic agents. The
laboratory personnel are expected to devise rules and protocols to minimize those
risks. Risk assessment must be carried out for all work to be done and all personnel
are informed of the outcome of the assessment and trained to carry out duties safely.
Risk assessment for administrative work:

 General office work
 Visual display equipment
 Standard electrical equipment
Risk assessment for laboratory work

a. Physical Hazards – are based on the intrinsic properties of the chemical.
There are five main classes namely explosive, flammable, oxidizing, gases
and corrosive metals. These are sub-divided into different categories.
TYPE RISK REMEDY

Excessive noise of the Temporary loss of -Eliminate the source of
equipment hearing or permanent the noise
hearing loss from -Find alternative
exposure to noise equipment to use
exceeding prescribed -reduce the amount of
standards time spent in a high noise
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equipment
-provide hearing
protection
-provide hearing tests for
workers to establish any
loss of hearing
Inadequate Illumination Inadequate lightning may -Lightning levels should
cause injuries from slips, match the workplace and
trip falls, headaches, the work tasks being
stress, visual and nervous performed.
fatigue
Too much lightning may
cause headache, stress
and eyestrain
Extreme temperature May cause dizziness, -Increase air movement
fatigue, headache, using fans
nausea, breathlessness -install air-conditioning
units
Vibration Exposure to vibration may -modify the process to
cause health effects such eliminate the task of the
as cardiovascular, risk
respiratory, endocrine -improving or maintaining
and metabolic changes, laboratory surfaces
reproductive organ -implementing regular
damage, impairment of work breaks, posture
vision, balance or both. changes or job rotation
Inadequate ventilation Poor ventilation or lack of -proper use of fume hood
fresh air circulation may and exhaust fan.
lead to injuries such as
asthma, hypersensitivity
pneumonitis, irritation,
infections, dermatitis,
respiratory complications,
headache and dizziness.
b. Chemical Hazards
Route of Entry
1. Inhalation- Chemicals in the form of gases, vapors, mists, fumes, and
dusts can enter through the nose or mouth and be absorbed through
the mucous membranes of the nose, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
2. Dermal- Although the skin is a good barrier to many substances, some
chemicals can be absorbed through the skin, enter the bloodstream,
and be carried throughout the body.
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3. Ingestion- Chemicals can enter the body through the mouth and be
swallowed. They may be absorbed into the bloodstream anywhere
along the length of the gastrointestinal tract
4. Injection- While uncommon in most workplaces, exposure to a
chemical can occur when a sharp object (e.g., a needle or broken
glass) punctures the skin and injects a chemical directly into the
bloodstream.
Control of Chemical Hazard:

 Do regular inspection using checklists made for the particular chemicals and
chemical processes in use
 Mark and label all chemicals
 Update the chemical inventory list including the Chemical Safety data sheet
 Train workers to read and understand the Chemical safety information
including the health hazards and routes of exposure
 Plan, develop and choose the safe working procedures
 Authorize skilled personnel in handling dangerous chemicals
 Train workers to know and understand emergency procedures
 Equip and train workers to use personal protective equipment properly.
c. Biological Hazards
All biological specimens in the laboratory should be considered as hazardous
and can fall into the following categories:
1. Routine specimen
2. Infected specimen
Always wear protective clothing such as lab gowns, masks and disposable
gloves when handling biological specimens. All contaminated glassware should be
discarded into a strong solution of sodium hypochlorite. Disposable apparatus must
be discarded into an autoclaved wet strength bag prior to incineration. Centrifuge
and other equipment used in the experiment should be sanitized.
In case of Spillage – all spilled body fluids must be cleaned up immediately with 70%
alcohol followed by a strong solution of sodium hypochlorite. Contaminated
laboratory coats must be placed in a chlorine bath for 30 minutes. Materials used for
cleaning up the spills must be disposed separately by autoclaving.
Sharp Objects – needles and syringes must be discarded into approved containers
for needles or sharpsafe types. These containers must be puncture resistant, leak
proof, shatter proof and can withstand heavy handling, clearly labeled, sealed when
full or ready for disposal.
d. Ergonomic Hazards
Ergonomic hazards are factors in the work environment that can harm the
musculoskeletal system of the workers. The injuries caused by strain on the body
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from these hazards are not immediately obvious making it difficult to detect. These
hazards may include the following:
 Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
 Frequent lifting
 Poor posture
 Repetitive movements
 Using too much force
 Vibration
ASSESSING THE WORKPLACE:

Things to consider when assessing the workplace:
a) Types of repetitive tasks performed
b) Adjustment of workstation and chairs according to employees’ built
c) Encouragement of proper posture on employees
d) Kinds of strenuous activities engaged by the employees
e) Force exerted by the employees while working
f) Factors in the workplace producing vibrations
ADDRESSING THE HAZARDS
Upon identification of the hazards, it is necessary to redesign the aspects of a
workplace or the routine of the employees. Evaluate factors that can cause
employees to experience long or short term strain and perform alterations to
procedures and workplaces. If the hazards cannot be removed from the workplace,
necessary controls must be done to reduce the risks involved.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
a) Limit employee exertion by using equipment for heavy lifting
b) Ensure that workplaces provide the employees the full range of motion
required to complete a task.
c) Reposition objects and surfaces for convenient use
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
a) Provide employees with break periods to reduce short-term strain
b) Rotate employees working in repetitive or strenuous tasks to reduce exposure
SAFETY WITH CHEMICALS
Safety Containers for Flammable Liquids
These general safety practices should be followed by every individual working

with flammables in the laboratory environment.
1. Chemicals in amber bottles must be stored in designated storage areas in the

laboratory. Storing amber bottles in the laboratory work areas, on the floor, or
in the hallway is unacceptable.
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2. All flammable liquids must be stored in a laboratory storage area that protects
the material from sources of ignition.
3. The safety container lid must be kept closed tightly except when adding or
removing liquid flammables.
Globally Harmonized System for Classifying Hazardous Chemicals

The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) is an internationally adopted system
for the classification and labeling of hazardous chemicals. It includes established
criteria for classifying hazards and for further categorizing (or rating) the hazards
according to their relative risks. The GHS provides established language and
symbols for each hazard class and each category within a class. This language
includes a signal word (such as “danger” or “warning”), a symbol or pictogram (such
as a flame within a red-bordered diamond), a hazard statement (such as “causes
serious eye damage”), and precautionary statements for safely using the chemical
GHS HAZARD SYMBOLS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS

Explosive
 Explosives
 Self-reactive substances
 Organic peroxides
Flammable
 Flammable gases, aerosols,

liquids, and solids
 Pyrophoric liquids or solids
 Self-heating substances
 Self-reactive substances
 Substances that emit a
flammable gas upon contact with
water
 Organic peroxides
Corrosive
 Skin corrosion/burns
 Eye damage
 Corrosive to metals
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Oxidizer
 Oxidizing gases, liquids, and

solids
Compressed gas
 Gases under pressure
Irritant
 Irritant (skin and eye)

 Skin sensitizer
 Acute toxins
 Narcotic effects
 Respiratory tract irritants
 Hazardous to ozone layer (non-
mandatory)
Toxic Substance
 Acutely toxic substances that

may be fatal or toxic if inhaled,
ingested, or absorbed through
the skin
Environmental Hazard
 Acute aquatic toxins

 Chronic aquatic toxins
Health Hazard
 Respiratory sensitizers
 Carcinogens
 Mutagens
 Reproductive toxins
 Target organ toxins, single
exposure or repeated exposure
 Aspiration toxins
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Safety Data Sheets

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS), formerly known as the Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS), is provided by the manufacturer, distributor, or importer of a chemical
to provide information about the substance and its use. The SDS, unlike the MSDS,
is required to present the information in a uniform manner. The information includes
the properties of each chemical; the physical, health, and environmental health
hazards; protective measures; and safety precautions for handling, storing, disposing
of, and transporting the chemical. The GHS provides standard language or “building
blocks” for communicating the hazards of chemicals in the SDS, just as on chemical
labels. These “building blocks” include the use of specific signal words, pictograms,
hazard statements, and precautionary statements.
SDS Section Number and Headings

Section 1: Identification Section 9: Physical and chemical
properties
Section 2: Hazard(s) Identification Section 10: Stability and reactivity
Section 3: Composition/information Section 11: Toxicological information
on ingredients
Section 4: First-aid measures Section 12: Ecological information
Section 5: Fire-fighting measures Section 13: Disposal considerations
Section 6: Accidental release Section 14: Transport information
measures
Section 7: Handling and storage Section 15: Regulatory information
Section 8: Exposure Section 16: Other information
controls/personal protection
Incompatible Chemicals
“Incompatible chemicals are combinations of substances, usually in

concentrated form, that react with each other to produce very exothermic reactions
that can be violent and explosive and/or can release toxic substances, usually as
gases.” Care should be taken when handling, storing, or disposing of chemicals in
combination. Below is a short list of common laboratory chemicals and the
substances with which they are incompatible.
21
CRIME LABORATORY
Incompatible Chemicals
Chemical Incompatible with
Acetic acid Nitric acid, peroxides, permanganates
Acetic anhydride Ethylene glycol, hydroxyl-group-
containing compounds
Acetone Hydrogen peroxide
Ammonium nitrate Acids, flammable liquids, powdered
metals, finely divided organic or
combustible materials
Chlorate salts, such as sodium or Acids, ammonium salts, metal powders,
potassium chlorate finely divided organic or combustible
materials
Chlorine Ammonia, butane, hydrogen, turpentine,
finely divided metals
Copper Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrocarbons Bromine, chlorine, peroxides
Hydrogen peroxide Combustible materials, copper, iron,
most metals and their salts, any
flammable liquid
Iodine Ammonia
Nitric acid, concentrated Note: There Acetic acid, acetone, alcohol, flammable
have been many explosions from substances, such as organic chemicals
inappropriate or inadvertent mixing of
nitric acid with organic chemicals in
waste containers
Oxalic acid Silver, mercury
Oxygen Flammable materials, hydrogen, oils
Phosphorus, white Air, oxygen
Potassium permanganate Ethylene glycol, glycerol, sulfuric acid
Sodium (Alkali metals: lithium, sodium, Carbon dioxide, water, alcohols
and potassium)
Sodium nitrite Ammonium salts
Sulfuric acid Chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates
22
CRIME LABORATORY
Flammable Storage Cabinets
The safe storage of flammable liquids or highly combustible chemicals should

always be provided in a laboratory environment. There must also be adequate
security provided at all times to prevent unauthorized access to flammable
chemicals. Storage facilities and equipment must be stable and secure against
sliding and collapse, and not subject to flooding. The purpose of flammable storage
cabinets is to protect the chemicals it holds from the heat and flames of external fire
rather than to confine burning liquids within.
Corrosive Storage Cabinets
Corrosives should be kept in corrosive storage cabinets specially designed to

hold them. Do not store corrosives in flammable storage cabinets because they are
not coated with an epoxy enamel to guard against chemical attack. Polyethylene
trays are used to collect small spills and to provide additional protection from
corrosion for the shelves
Biological Safety Cabinets
A biological safety cabinet is the device used to provide containment of

infectious splashes or aerosols generated by many microbiological procedures.
Three types of biological safety cabinets (Class I, II, III) are used in microbiological
laboratories. Class I and II biological safety cabinets are primary barriers which offer
varying levels of protection to laboratory personnel and to the environment (when
used with good microbiological techniques).
The Class II biological safety cabinet also provides product protection from
external contamination of the materials being manipulated inside the cabinet. The
gas-tight Class III biological safety cabinet, or glove box, provides the highest
attainable level of protection to personnel and the environment.
Follow the Chemical Safety Data Sheet recommendations and heed warnings
regarding the use and storage of chemicals.
All chemicals should be properly labeled and categorized upon receipt from the
supplier. Label all the chemicals properly.
Laboratory personnel should follow the general procedures on safety with chemicals.
23
CRIME LABORATORY

a) Minimize the amount of reactants used in the experiment. Substitute
hazardous chemicals if possible.
b) Heating of potentially hazardous chemicals must be performed in the
laboratory fume hood. Prior to heating a liquid, place boiling chips in the
container.
c) Never look down the opening of the container unless it is empty.
d) Do not place your nose directly to the container or chemical when smelling the
substance.
e) All containers with hazardous chemicals must be clearly labeled. Use the
complete name of the chemical
f) Never use any substance from unlabeled substance. Any unlabeled
containers should be disposed according to the proper waste disposal
scheme.
g) All chemicals or biological materials with an objectionable odor should be kept
in the chemical hood or appropriately vented safety cabinet.
Classification of Chemicals
Common solvents – use the laboratory fume hood particularly in handling

volatile solvents. Fine powders or substances that release dust during handling can
be toxic and explosive.
Spills – use absorbent granules ,sawdust or sand to mop up solvent spills. When
using large amounts of acids or base, keep a neutralizing agent within reach.
Carcinogens – when working with carcinogens, worker must be fully informed of the
grave cancer risk and the procedures for proper handling and disposal.
Cyanides – highly toxic.
Flammable solvents – store in safe containers, inside cabinets designed for

flammables (fire resistant cabinet).
- Keep away from ignition sources.
- Always use a fume hood while working with flammable liquids.
Corrosives – store separately from bases and flammables. Many acids are also
strong oxidizers
.- Add acid to water, never the way around.
- Store corrosives below at eye level.
- Use secondary containers for storage to contain leaks
-store NITRIC ACID in a separate cabinet of compartment.
Bio Hazardous Materials – use appropriate containment equipment such as

biological safety cabinets
24
CRIME LABORATORY

- Prevent or minimize the creation of aerosols
- Ensure proper biohazard disposal and decontamination.
Compressed and Liquefied Gases – ensure gas cylinders are secured and away
from heat sources at all times and capped when not in use.
- Ensure proper maintenance and use of regulators, manifolds and safety
valves
- Always wear safety goggles when performing any operation with
compressed or liquefied gases.
- Test all connections using soapy water solution or a gas detection device.
Retest the system periodically and when leaks are suspected.
Explosives – store away from other chemicals in a secure cabinet

- Use and store away from the sources of heat, friction or static electricity
- Use barriers such as blast shields to protect personnel and equipment
- Use eye protection and flame resistant laboratory coats are required.
SAFETY WITH ELECTRICITY

- Electrical hazards can cause burns, shock and electrocution
- Never assume that a wire is safe to touch
- Never operate electrical equipment while you are standing in water, or
when your feet are soaking wet
- Do not attempt to repair electrical cords or equipment. Call a skilled
electrician for help
- All electrical connections should be grounded
- Avoid overloading circuits. Do not use multiple outlet plugs for additional
connection.
- Know the location of the main switches and breaker boxes inside the
laboratory
SAFETY WITH TRANSPORT

- Observe safety when transporting reagent bottles of solvents by using
appropriate carriers
- Use appropriate trolleys in transporting large cylinders of compressed gas.
- Chain, otherwise secure cylinders in upright position
- Do not drop gas cylinders or permit them to fall against each other
SAFETY WITH GLASSWARES

- Put broken glassware in dedicated waste bins labeled “SHARPS”. Make
sure to wrap the broken glassware with paper and seal with tape.
- Completely empty all bottles of solvents and chemicals, wash and dry
them before use.
25
CRIME LABORATORY
Hazardous Waste Storage and Disposal
Individual users of hazardous materials have responsibilities in waste

handling and disposal. These responsibilities include hazardous waste identification
and waste minimization as well as proper waste storage and disposal.
CHEMICAL WASTE DISPOSAL
The Pollution Control Officer (PCO) will make arrangements with the chemical
waste disposal company for disposal of unwanted chemicals. As of now, Chemistry
Division is communicating with a third party DENR-accredited treatment, storage and
disposal (TSD) company to be in charge of the chemical waste of the laboratory.
All substances to be disposed of should be identified by chemical name and

molecular formula. For mixed waste, the character of the mixture must be accurately
defined. Container must be leak proof, clearly labeled with identity or category of
contents, any known hazards and some indication of the boiling point range. The
chemical nature must be indicated.
HANDLING AND STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES
A. Ignitable liquids and organic solvents

- Keep halogenated solvent wastes separate from non-halogenated solvent
wastes
- Separate organic solvents from aqueous solution
- For solvents that react with metal, use a covered 1 gallon glass or
preferably plastic container. (check compatibility)
B. Acids, Bases and Aqueous solution
- Collect concentrated acids or bases in 1 gallon glass bottles if possible
- Do not mix strong acids or oxidizers with organic compounds
- Keep all perchloric acid wastes in exclusive use containers
C. Heavy Metal solutions
- Keep solutions containing Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Mercury, Selenium, Silver, or other heavy poisonous metals separate from
other wastes.
D. Paint and Paint Thinners
- Keep water and water based paint wastes separate from oil based wastes.
E. Used Chromatographic Adsorbent
26
CRIME LABORATORY

- When possible separate chromatographic adsorbents from liquid wastes.
F. Mixed waste
- Radioactive-Chemical mixed waste must be classified by chemical and
level of radioactivity before disposal
- Radioactive-Biohazardous waste must either be disinfected, then disposed
of as radioactive waste, or held until half lives are reached, then be
disposed of as biohazardous waste
- Accumulated materials must be properly packaged, labeled and placed in
a designated waste collection area
- Disposal of such materials are done by authorized persons
WASTE REDUCTION PROCEDURES
Hazardous wastes disposal are regulated by the Department of Environment

and Natural Resources. In general, these wastes are not allowed to be disposed or
drained to the environment except for the following, provided it is properly treated or
neutralized.
1) Inorganic acids and bases that have a pH between 5-10

These pH limits are permitted for sewer disposal provided no other regulated
chemical is present. Neutralization is permitted to change the pH to within the
acceptable limits.
2) Aqueous buffer solutions not containing regulated materials or bio hazardous
threat
Such solutions may contain millimolar concentrations of common
biochemicals, buffers, serum by products or cell metabolites. When in
solution, common salts of sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium and
calcium may be disposed in the sanitary sewer.
3) Aqueous High Performance Liquid Chromatography solutions
Liquid Chromatography solutions containing any amount of acetonitrile or
other organic solvents must be disposed according to its hazardous waste
classification.
4) Bacteriological and tissue culture media
All media containing live organisms must be sterilized by autoclaving or by
another acceptable procedure and must not contain anything other than
common biochemical.
CHEMICAL SPILL RESPONSE PROCEDURE
1. Major Spill
In the event of the spill which involves the release of chemical which poses an
immediate risk to health and or if it involves an uncontrolled fire or explosion:
- Evacuate the building by activating the nearest fire alarm
- Call DENR-EMB hazard waste division and give details of the accident
including location, types of hazardous materials involved
27
CRIME LABORATORY

- If there is any personal injury, seek for medical help immediately.
- move the victim from the immediate area of fire, explosion or spill
- locate the nearest emergency eyewash or safety shower. Remove any
contaminated clothing from the victim and flush all areas of the body
contacted by chemicals with ample amount of water for 15 minutes.
- administer first aid and seek medical attention
2. Minor Spill
In the event of a spill which involves the release of a chemical which does not
pose an immediate risk to health and does not involve chemical contamination
to the body:
- Notify laboratory personnel and those in adjacent areas of the accident
- Isolate the area. Close lab doors and evacuate the area immediately
- Remove ignition sources and unplug nearby electrical equipment
- Establish exhaust ventilation. Vent vapors to outside of building. Open
windows and turn on laboratory fume hood
- Locate spill kit
- Choose appropriate PPE
- Confine and contain spill. Cover with appropriate absorbent material. Acid
and base spills should be neutralized prior to clean up. Sweep solid
material into a plastic dust pan and place into a sealable container
- Wet mop spill area. Be sure to decontaminate broom, dustpan and any
other reusable items.
- Contact DENR-accredited TSD company for waste pick up.
Recommended Procedures for Cleaning Up Simple Spills
General Response Guidelines
For simple spills, emergency responders do not need to be notified. However,

you should contact the environmental health and safety office or other responsible
person within your facility. Most importantly, before cleaning up a simple spill, be
sure that you can do so safely. You must have the right personal protective
equipment, including, at a minimum, appropriate eye protection, protective gloves,
and a lab coat. Additional protective equipment may be required for spills that
present special hazards (such as corrosive or reactive spills or spills that have a
splash potential). As a rule of thumb, if you need a respirator, you should request
outside assistance because you do not have a simple spill.
The following steps should be taken during spill cleanup.
1. Prevent the spread of dusts and vapors.

If the substance is volatile or can produce airborne dusts, close the laboratory
door and increase ventilation (through fume hoods, for example) to prevent the
spread of dusts and vapors to other areas.
28
CRIME LABORATORY

2. Neutralize acids and bases, if possible.
Spills of most liquid acids or bases, once neutralized, can be mopped up and
rinsed down the drain (to the sanitary sewer). However, be careful because the
neutralization process is often vigorous, causing splashes and yielding large
amounts of heat. Neutralize acids with soda ash or sodium bicarbonate. Bases can
be neutralized with citric acid or ascorbic acid. Use pH paper to determine when acid
or base spills have been neutralized.
3. Control the spread of the liquid.
Contain the spill. Make a dike around the outside edges of the spill. Use
absorbent materials such as vermiculite, cat litter, or spill pillows.
4. Absorb the liquid.

Add absorbents to the spill, working from the spill's outer edges toward the
center. Absorbent materials, such as cat litter or vermiculite, are relatively
inexpensive and work well, although they are messy. Spill pillows are not as messy
as other absorbents, but they are more expensive. Note that special absorbents are
required for chemicals such as hydrofluoric and concentrated sulfuric acids.
5. Collect and contain the cleanup residues.

The neutralized spill residue or the absorbent should be scooped, swept, or
otherwise placed into a plastic bucket or other container. For dry powders or liquids
absorbed to dryness, double bag the residue using plastic bags. Additional
packaging may be required before the wastes can be transported from your
laboratory. For spills of powders or solid materials, you may need to add a dust
suppressant. Be sure to place descriptive labels on each container.
6. Dispose of the wastes.

Keep cleanup materials separate from normal trash. Contact your
environmental health and safety officer for guidance in packaging and labeling
cleanup residues. Promptly place cleanup wastes in an appropriate hazardous waste
receptacle.
7. Decontaminate the area and affected equipment.

Ventilating the spill area may be necessary. Open windows or use a fan
unless the area is under negative pressure. In some instances, your environmental
health and safety officer can test the air to ensure that hazardous vapors are gone.
For most spills, conventional cleaning products, applied with a mop or sponge, will
provide adequate decontamination. If you have any question about the suitability of a
decontaminating agent, seek expert advice.
Special Precautions
The following precautions apply to chemicals that have hazardous characteristics.

Note that some chemicals may exhibit more than one characteristic.
29
CRIME LABORATORY

1. Flammable Liquids
Remove all potential sources of ignition. Vapors are what actually burn, and
they tend to accumulate near the ground.
Flammable liquids are best removed through the use of spill pillows or pads. Spill
pads backed with a vapor barrier are available from most safety supply companies.
Because flammable liquids will probably be incinerated, avoid using inert absorbents
such as cat litter. All used absorbent materials should be placed in heavy-duty poly
bags, which are then sealed, labeled, and disposed through your facility's hazardous
waste management program. Before resuming work, make sure the spill area has
been adequately ventilated to remove flammable vapors.
2. Volatile Toxic Compounds

Use appropriate absorbent material to control the extent of the spill. Spill
pillows or similar absorbent material usually work best because they do not have the
dust associated with cat litter, vermiculite, or corn cobs. Place all used absorbent
materials in heavy-duty poly bags. Seal the bags, label them, and hand them over to
your facility's hazardous waste management program. Again, make sure the spill
area has been adequately ventilated before resuming work.
3. Direct Contact Hazards

Carefully select suitable personal protective equipment. Make sure all skin
surfaces are covered and that the gloves you use protect against the hazards posed
by the spilled chemical. Often it is a good idea to wear two sets of gloves: one as the
primary barrier, the second as a thin inner liner in the event the primary barrier fails.
When the cleanup is completed, be sure to wash hands and other potentially
affected skin surfaces.
4. Mercury Spills
Mercury spills rarely present an imminent hazard unless the spill occurs in an
area with extremely poor ventilation. The main exposure route of mercury is via
vapor inhalation. Consequently, if metallic mercury is not cleaned up adequately, the
tiny droplets remaining in surface cracks and crevices may yield toxic vapors for
years.
When a mercury spill occurs, first cordon off the spill area to prevent people
from inadvertently tracking the contamination over a much larger area. Generally, a
special mercury vacuum cleaner provides the best method of mercury spill cleanup.
DO NOT use a regular vacuum cleaner, because you will only disperse toxic vapors
into the air and contaminate your vacuum cleaner. If a special mercury vacuum is not
available, first use an appropriate suction device to collect the big droplets, then use
a special absorbent (available from most laboratory supply vendors) to amalgamate
smaller mercury droplets.
Ideally, mercury spills should be prevented in the first place. Examine all uses
of mercury to see if substitutes are available. If substitutes are not available, use
trays or other equipment to provide spill containment. Spilled mercury often
30
CRIME LABORATORY

accumulates in sink traps. Be prepared to contain the mercury when servicing such
facilities.
Documentation
After cleaning up a spill, a simple write-up should be prepared to document

what happened, why, what was done, and what was learned. Such documentation
can be used to avoid similar instances in the future. Major incidents are almost
always preceded by numerous near misses.
Laboratories seeking to minimize and prevent spills should consider the possible
results of their choices and procedures. Such consideration should focus on
reducing the likelihood of spills, as well as minimizing spill damage. Experimental
plans should only involve chemicals that are actually needed for the desired results.
Ideally, laboratories should only store chemicals that will be used within a reasonable
period of time. Additionally, correct chemical and experimental equipment choices
must be made. Finally, the laboratory worker must not settle for inappropriate
laboratory arrangements.
31
CRIME LABORATORY
Laboratory Incident Report Form
Name: Section:
Designation: Room:
Date/Time of Incident: Contact No.:
Email:
Witness(es):
Description of incident: Include the use of PPE, Fume hood or other environmental
control and safety equipment.
Did the incident result an injury? Yes ___ No ____

Description of injury:
Notice of injury report submitted? Yes ____ No _____
Concerned Agency notified? Yes ____ No _____

(refer to the emergency hotlines)
Name of person notified/contacted:
Designation:
Date:
32
CRIME LABORATORY

Emergency response information:
Noted by: Signature:
Date:
33

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Republic of the Philippines

NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council 8911-1406

PNP FIRE STATION, NHQ PNP 8721-8902 local 35

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) – Quezon City 8426-4399

National Poison Control 8524-1078

PNP General Hospital 8722-0670 local 3326

Quirino Memorial Medical Center 8421-2250

Department of Health 0920-9498419

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

2. Identify and assess hazards

Assessment must include:

3. Document and Enforce Appropriate Safety Practices

4. Ensure Display of Signage and Labels

5. Assess, Provide and Document Training

6. Ensure that staffs have access to safety information

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

8. Enforce restriction on children

9. Enforce restriction on pets

10. Enforce restrictions on smoking, alcohol and drugs

11. Perform annual review and update of documents

12. Perform accident follow-up

13. Perform periodic inspections

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

SCOPE AND APPLICATION:

A Chemical laboratory is defined as an area where chemical manipulations

Hazardous chemicals are considered to be those which pose either a health

This laboratory safety manual covers all Chemistry Division personnel,

SAFE LABORATORY PRACTICES

General Safety Guidelines

Standard operating procedures must be readily available to all laboratory

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

7. Be familiar with the location of emergency equipment - fire alarm, fire

8. Know the appropriate emergency response procedures.

10. Use a hood whenever there is a possibility of poisonous or irritating fumes

14. Report any accident immediately.

Eating, Drinking and Smoking

Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, and taking medicine in

2. Glassware used for laboratory operations should never be used to prepare or

5. Laboratory materials should never be consumed or tasted.

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

Housekeeping and Maintenance

3. Avoid slipping hazards by cleaning up spilled liquids promptly and by keeping

8. When leaving the workplace, ensure unnecessary electrical equipment is

STANDARD LABORATORY CONTROL MEASURES

It is the responsibility of the Chemistry Division personnel to become familiar

1. Do not prepare, store, or consume food or beverages in the laboratory.

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

2. Do not smoke in the laboratory. Tobacco products in opened packages can

5. Wash lab coats, aprons, or jackets separately from personal laundry to

7. Never mouth pipette.

8. Always use the appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid direct

9. Laboratory personnel should know the symptoms of potential exposure

10. Replace personal protective equipment as needed to maintain its integrity.

11. Avoid working alone whenever possible.

Ventilation controls should be readily available and easily accessible to

1. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are designed

2. Local ventilation systems are designed to remove the contaminants generated

All laboratories should be provided with safety showers, eyewashes, and

LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL

2. Ensure working condition of exhaust fan prior to fume hood use.