Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Interpersonal Relationships
• civility (Pakikitungo)
• mixing (Pakikisalamuha)
• joining/participating (Pakikilahok)
• adjusting (Pakikisama)
Children are taught to show affection for older family members and respect
for older adults and authority. They are expected to seek the advice of and
accept the decisions of their older adults. They are obligated to care for
older adults and aging parents, and maintain group harmony, loyalty, and
emotional ties with parents and other family members across the life span
(Chao & Tseng, 2002; Mc Bride, 2006; Miranda, Mc Bride & Anderson,
2000; Superio, 1993). In a study of Asian American older adults in New
York City, Filipino older adults (N=52) were the least likely to consider care
giving responsibility a burden and dependency on other people a serious
problem (Asian American Federation of New York, 2003).
• attending mass
• praying the rosary and novena
• expressing devotion to saints and the Virgin Mother
• receiving the sacraments and holy communion
• reconciliation
• anointing the sick
• observing religious holidays and rituals
• going on pilgrimages