Coastal Vulnerability Mapping

R S Mahendra
Scientist-E, TWG
mahendra@incois.gov.in

Presentation on INCOIS Operational Services Training to Indian

Navy Officers

21 February 2019

ESSO-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (ESSO-INCOIS)

Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad-90
 Vulnerability of the Indian Coastline
26 % of Indian Population live
within 100 Km from the
shoreline
Most of the coastal areas are
low lying and vulnerable to
oceanogenic disasters such as
Tsunamis, Storm Surges, Sea-
level rise
Dec 26, 2004 Tsunami
resulted in a loss of 18, 045
deaths and 6,47,599 persons
displaced
Increased frequency and
intensity of the disasters
(Uttarkhand flood-2013,
Phailin Cyclone -2013 (helen ,
Lehar)
 Oceanogenic Disasters
Tsunami, Cyclones, Storm surge, Sea level rise, Coastal erosion, High Waves, etc.

13% of World’s cyclones

in the Seas around India
Annual; Frequent phenomenon
Inundation of Coastal areas

Coastal
Inundation

Damage

Tsunami in Indian Ocean

A few events in the past
Inundation of Coastal areas (Large
stretches)
Highly devastative Tsunami on
December 26, 2004
 Oceanogenic Disasters

Cyclone tacks during1970-2005 2004 indian ocean Tsunami Threat map Cyclones
http://academic.evergreen.edu/
Source: en.wikipedia.org 13% of World’s cyclones
in the Seas around India
Annual; Frequent phenomenon
Inundation of Coastal areas
History

Tsunamis
A few events in the past
Inundation of Coastal areas
(Large stretches)
Highly devastative Tsunami on
Dec 26, 2004

Marine Hazard Tsunami* Storm Surge* Long-term Sea Coastal Erosion

Level*
Likely Frequency Decade to Millennia Months to decade, Ongoing, a Ongoing due to
depending on depending on the consequence of natural coastal
Characteristics

regional tectonic regional climate global warming and processes and

regime regime local factors anthropogenic
intervention
Limits are Likely to Local run-up limit for Flood limit for Mean high waterline Shoreline position
be affected specified wave specified surge level mark predicted by marked based on the
amplitude predicted predicted by terrain terrain modelling temporal satellite
by modelling modelling with allowance of observations and
extreme events coastal modelling
*Source: UNESCO/IOC Report on Coastal Vulnerability
 Mapping of Coastal Vulnerability Indices
“Vulnerability is an internal risk factor of the subject or system that is exposed to a hazard and corresponds to its
intrinsic predisposition to be affected, or to be susceptible to damage”
Methodology

Parameter Data INCOIS, (2012). Coastal

Vulnerability Atlas of India.
Data Used

Geomorphology IRS LISS-IV

Slope GEBCO INCOIS-ASG-CGAM-CV-2012-01,

Elevation SRTM Pages 212, Maps 156, INCOIS,
Tidal Range Astronomical tides Hyderabad, India. ISBN 978-81-
Shoreline Change Rate Landsat data (1972-2000) 923474-0-0.
Historical Sea Level PSMSL data from GLOSS

Significant Wave Height Simulated data from Mike model

 Coastal Multi-hazard Vulnerability Assessment

“The Multi-Hazard Map is a “composite, synthesized and overlay of multiple hazards”

MHVM Methodology

Long Term Sea Level Data Satellite data

(Tide gauges)
Predicted 100 year
flood level
Sea Level Trend Return periods (T) Shoreline Change Rate DEM data
(GLOSS & SoI) Extreme water level (Hmax) (Landsat and IRS) (Carto-DTM)
Composite 100 year
hazard line
Future Sea Level after T (A) Future Shoreline after T (B) Contours
Coastline in 1950

Contour of Hmax (C)

Multi-hazard Line=union of A, B & C 10m

Coastline in 2005
20m
Digital
Shoreline 5m
Multi-hazard Map Analysis
System

Predicted erosion in 100

yrs
Data Used
Inputs Source
Extreme Water level Hourly Mean SOI Tide Data and events from
published data sources
Sea-level Change Monthly Mean from PSMSL
Shoreline Change Landsat/IRS
Topography ALTM/Carto DTM
High Resolution Topographic data
 Coastal Multi-hazard Vulnerability Assessment
INPUTS
Sea-level Change Rate
Extreme Water Level and return periods 7300

7250

7200
Mumbai Apallo Bandar
y = 0.0619x + 6977.9
R2 = 0.1408

7150

Sea Level (mm)

7100

7050

7000

6950
6900

6850

6800

1878
1883
1888
1894
1899
1904
1909
1914
1919
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1956
1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1987
1992
Shoreline Change Rate
Year

Sea-level data from PSMSL

Hourly Mean Tide Data from SOI

Published data
IRS and Landsat

High Resolution Topography

Carto DTM
ALTM

Composite Multi-hazard Line

Composite Multi-hazard line

 3D GIS Mapping

3D Buildings with Socio-economic data of Pondicherry

3D 3D
3D Buildings HighSocio-economic
Buildings
with
Buildings
MHVM ofVulnerable
of Areas
Machilipatnamdata
Machilipatnam
Of Machilipatnam
3DVAS
3D Buildings of Pondicherry
High Vulnerable Areas

Puri

Kakinada
Machilipatnam
Nizampatnam-Vatapalem

Chennai

Cuddalore-Pondicherry

Rameshwaram
Alleppey- Chevara

Tuticorin
 3D GIS Mapping Areas

Area 20
Areaj 55
Buildings 51057
SE Data 53805 Buildings 48333
SE Data 109393

Area 1655
Buildings 218385
Area 781 SE Data 169517
Buildings 166758
SE Data 25156

Area 433
Buildings 661564
SE Data 1690831

Area(km2) 947
Buildings 509104
SE Data 37549

Area(km2) 528 Area 270

Buildings 204650 Buildings 103810
SE Data 45038 SE Data 196576

Area 18
Buildings 20111
SE Data 22606

Area(km2) 96 Area(km2) 18
Buildings 140552 Buildings 20111
SE Data 127973 SE Data 22606
 Coastal Risk Assessment at Building level

Socio-Economic Risk for Tsunami

Building
BuildingRisk
Risk Building Risk
Very
VeryHigh
High Very High
High
High
Inundation High
Depth
Moderate
Moderate Moderate
3m
Low
Low Low
2m
1m
Thank you

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