KENNETH KIPKOECH

SC 232-1103/2014
BSC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (3.1) 2016

UNIT: SCH 2300 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING

EXPERIMENT 2: DETERMINATION OF RATE OF EXCHANGE OF A

STRONG CATION EXCHANGE RESIN

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OBJECTIVES

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The main objective of this experiment was to determine the rate of exchange of a strong cation
exchange resin. rs e
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INTRODUCTION
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A knowledge of a maximum rate of which a resin can exchange ions stoichiometrically under
various conditions is very important to the efficient operations of ion exchange analytical system.
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This rate if exceeded, will result to an incomplete exchangeof ion and the resulting appearance of
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unwanted ions in the column.

The exchange capacity can be measured by exchanging sodium ion for hydrogen ion
initially attached to the resin. The hydrogen ion would then titrates with hydroxide ion in
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the solution. The exchange reaction can be represented generally as;

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−¿ aq
+¿+CL ¿
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+¿+2 H ¿
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¿
−¿ R−Na
¿
−¿+OH
+¿+Cl ¿
+¿+ 2 Na¿
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2 R−H ¿

R represent the ion exchange resin. The reaction is in equilibrium process and can be forced
to completion by using concentrated solution of either NaCl or NaOH. The experiment below

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 that we did was designed to emphasized the dependance of exchange rateon the concentration of
the undergoing exchange.

APPARATUS
The apparatus used in this experiment includes; measuring cylinder, conical flask, stop watch
and a column.

REAGENTS
The reagents used that was used in the experiment were; 0.05 M sodium Chloride, 0.1M ,
0.025M , 0.02 M , 0.01M and 0.05 M sodium hydroxide solutions.

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CHEMICALS USED

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The chemicals that were used were; phenolphthalein indicator and resin.

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PROCEDURE rs e
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50cm3 of 0.05M sodium chloride was placed in a conical flask and 3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator was added. 1.0 cm 3 of 0.1 M standard sodium hydroxide was added to the solution.
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Finally 0.5g of resin was added and stop watch started simultaneously. As soon as the
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phenolphthalein decolorized, the time was recorded and 1.0 cm3 of 0.1M sodium hydroxide was
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further addedand time for dicolorization was noted again. This was extended for five minutes
where surficient readings were obtained.
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The experiment was repeated using different concentrations of sodium chloride, 0.05M, 0.025M,
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0.01M and 0.05M sodium chloride which was added after decolorization each at a time.
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TABLE OF RESULTS
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Concentration of Time taken (seconds) Concentration of Time taken (seconds)

sodium hydroxide sodium chloride
1.0 cm3 of 0.1 M 9.20 0.05 5.00
NaOH
1.0 cm3 of 0.1 M 18.00 0.025 8.00
NaOH

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 1.0 cm3 of 0.1 M 48.00 0.01 18.00
NaOH
1.0 cm3 of 0.1 M 60.00 0.005 28.00
NaOH

CALCULATION

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Plot a composite graph showing the time taken for neutralization of each aliquot against the

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number of 1ml NaOH aliquot added, for the various concentrations of sodium chloride.

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70
60
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50
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40
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Time for dicolorization 30

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10
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0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Concentration
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QUESTIONS
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Outline the underlying principles of the experimental procedure which enables the rate of
exchange on various sodium chloride concentration to be determined.

Explain the dependance of the rate of exchange on thenconcentration of sodium chloride.

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  The higher the concentration of sodium chloride, the faster the rate of decolorization.

From your data, determine the relative rate of exchange for the various NaCl concentration used
in the experiment, giving the lowest rate a value of unit. Estimate the relative rate of exchange
for a NaCl concentration of 0.035M by gradient methode.

 1
Lowest rate= =0.03571
28
 1−0
=0.16667
6−0

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DISCUSION

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Ion exchange is a process in which ions attached to the high molecular weight polymer are
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exchange for other ions in the solution. The high molecular weight polymer is normally in the
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form of small, round spheres called beads.
Ion exchange resins are used to deminaralize water and to separate mixture of ions. One
important characteristic of ion exchange resin is tha capacity which can be expressed in terms of
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mill equivalents exchangeable ion per gram of resin.

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CONCLUSIONS

The ion exchange involves sodium ion exchanging with hydrogen ion in the resin. This leads to
dicolorization of the phenolptalein indicator.
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The higher the concentration of sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride the less the time taken
for decolorization. Hence exchange rate capacity would be high.
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REFERNCES
1. Fredrich Helfferich (1962) Corier dover publications
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ISBN 978-0-486-68784-1

2. Kemmer, Frank N.(1979) The NALCO waterHand book Mc Graw-Hill

Page (137-142)

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