Unit 11 : Angles, Triangles, and Quadrilaterals

Friendly Notes

Looking Back

A protractor is used to measure angles.

80 90 100
70 110
100 80 120
60 110 70
13
50 120 60 0
0 50
13

14
150 40

0
0

40
14
160 30

15
0
30

160
20

20
170 180
180 170
10

10 0
0

baseline center mark inner outer

scale scale
1. Measure angle ABC.
Place the baseline
70
80 90 100
110 C of the protractor on
00 80 120
60 110
1 70
13 the horizontal line of
50 120 60 0
13
0 50 the angle and make
14
150 40

sure the center mark

0
0

40
14
30

15
0

touches point B.
30

160
20
160

20
170 180
180 170
0 10

10 0

B
A

m ABC = 130° Read the outer scale.

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 2. Measure DEF.
D
70
80 90 100
110
1 00 80 120
60 0 70
50 120
11 60 13
0
Read the inner scale.
0 50
13

14
150 40

0
0

40
14
30

15
0
30

160
20
160

20
170 180
180 170
0 10

10 0
E
F

m DEF = 60°

3. north
north-west north-east

west east

south-west south-east
south

(a) Sally starts facing north and turns clockwise 90°, which
direction is she facing?
(b) Sally then turns counter clockwise to south-west.
What angle does she turn through?
(c) After turning clockwise through 135°, Sally ends up facing
south. Which direction was she facing at the start?

(a) She is facing east.

(b) She turns through 225°.
(c) She was facing north-east.

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 Finding Unknown Angles

Vertically opposite angles are equal.

The sum of the angles on a straight line is 180°.

1. In the figure, POR and SOT are straight lines. Find

(a) m POT, and
(b) m TOR.
T
P

O m POT and m SOR

are vertically opposite
65˚ angles.
55˚ R
S

(a) m POT = m SOR

= 55° + 65°
= 120°

(b) m TOR = 180° − 55° − 65° m TOR, m SOQ and

m QOR are angles on
= 60°
a straight line.

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 2. Find m p in the figure.

The marked
angles meet at
115˚ 100˚ a common point.

75˚ 31˚

The sum of the angles

that meet at a common
point is 360°.

m p = 360° − 100° − 31° − 75° − 115°

= 39°

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 Finding Unknown Angles in Triangles

The three angles of a triangle add up to 180°.

1. In triangle PQR, m PQR = 55° and m PRQ = 62°.

Find m QPR.
P

55˚ 62˚
Q R

m QPR = 180° − 55° − 62°

= 63°

The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its

interior opposite angles.

2. In triangle ABC, BC is extended to D, m CAB = 74°,

and m ABC = 33°. Find m ACD.

D C

33˚ B
74˚

m ACD = 74° + 33°

= 107°

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 Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles

An isosceles triangle has 2 equal sides. The angles opposite

the equal sides are equal.

1. In triangle XYZ, XY = XZ, m XYZ = 34°, and WXY is a

straight line. Find m WXZ.
W
The markings on the
X triangle means the
sides are equal in length.

34˚
Y
Z

m XZY = m XYZ
= 34°
m WXZ = 34° + 34°
= 68°

An equilateral triangle has 3 equal sides and 3 equal angles.

Each angle is 60°.

2. In the figure, EBD and ABC are straight lines.

Find m ABE.

A E
m DBC = 60°
B
m ABE = m DBC
= 60°

D C

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 Finding Unknown Angles in Quadrilaterals

The angles of a quadrilateral add up to 360°.

Find m x in the quadrilateral.

78˚

100˚ 105˚

m x = 360° − 78° − 100° − 105°

= 77°

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 Parallelograms, Rhombuses, and Trapezoids

The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.

Each pair of angles between two parallel sides add up to 180°.

Find m y in the parallelogram.

110˚

m y = 110°
m z = 180° − 110°
= 70°

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