HOLY ROSARY ACADEMY OF HINUNANGAN, INC.

Hinunangan, Southern Leyte

Elementary Department

T.L.E 4 (Second Quarter)

(Week 3-4)

 The learner demonstrates an

Content Standard understanding of the basic concepts of
home economics and how it will help in
improving oneself and family.

 The learner performs skills in doing

Performance Standard
personal and household chores which
help in taking care of oneself and family.

Time Allotment: 2 weeks

Topic
Clothing Care

1.1.enumerate ways to maintain clean and

presentable clothes;
Learning Objectives/MELCS
1.2.identify the use of the different tools in
hand sewing;

Name:_______________________________________________
 Getting Ready

Have you heard of people saying, “Dress to impress!” and “Dress not to flatter others
but for comfort, style, and self-expressions?” Which between the two statements do you agree
more? Put a check (/) in the box, and then explain your answer briefly.

“Dress to impress!”

“Dress not to
flatter others but for
comfort, style, and self-
expression!”

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OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE

Laundry refers to washing clothes and other fabrics. Washing processes are often done in a
room reserved for that purpose. In a home, this is referred to as a laundry room or utility room. A
stand-alone business is referred to as self-service laundry (launderette in British English or
laundromat in American English).
When the person started wearing clothes, laundry became part of it. Because of this personal
need so there have been many studies about laundry such as soaps and other anti -chemical. So is
the washing process, from manual to mechanical such as washing machines that are now
computerized.
WASHING THE CLOTHES

Washing is the process of cleaning our garments. Over time, the method of washing has
changed. Many devices have been invented to help clean our garments. There were also machines
invented such as washing machines and many others.
Basic Ingredients of Detergent and Its Uses
Laundry soaps have evolved a long way since the invention of bar soap made from animal fat
and lye in the 1700’s. In the 1950's, so -called synthetic detergents or detergents made from
chemicals were discovered that improved the result of washing. Experts also discovered so -called
laundry enzymes in the 1970’s that in addition to removing sticky dirt, it also removes stains and
odors on clothes.

There are many different brands of detergents for sale, and they may be different
make it. They have their secrets in the contents of their products, there are products made from
plants (Organic soap) and others are from petroleum or oil. The effectiveness of laundry soap
depends on the amount of cleaning ingredients added to it, such as:

Alkalies

This is the main ingredient in detergent. Alkalies are soluble salts and bases that mix with acid
to neutralize it. Alkalies are substances that remove dirt and stains from the fabric unnecessarily by
the whole crust. Soluble salts of alkali metals such as potassium and sodium remove oils from
clothing. Ash of plants is the first source of alkalies. Today the conduction of electricity in salt water is
the source of alkalies such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or caustic soda and potassium hydroxide
(KOH) or caustic potash. These are the alkalies commonly used in detergents.
Alkaline substances in large quantities can burn the skin and can damage our insides if
ingested. It can also be deadly. Frequent use of many alkaline substances can damage or brittle the
fabric and can also make the fiber of the fabric rough when touched or worn.
• Mild alkali is baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
• Moderate alkalies include household ammonia, borax, and trisodium phosphate (TSP)
• Strong alkalies include washing soda (sodium carbonate) and lye (caustic soda)

Surfactants and Anti-Redepositing Agents

Still one of the main ingredients of detergent is the surfactants. Surfactants soften and remove
dirt from clothes and they mix the dirt with water so we will notice that the water we soak in the
clothes gets dirty even if we don’t move it. The dirt in the water prevents the sufactants from sticking
back to the clothing.
 Anionic surfactants, is a molecule with a negative charge. It is good to get rid of oily dirt and
stains do not just use water mixed with calcium and magnesium (river water or well).

If the water used for washing comes from a river or well, you should choose soap that contains
non-ionic surfactants. This can be seen at the level of the soap bag. Soaps currently sold are a
mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactants.
Types of Surfactants

• alkyl sulfates (anionic)

• alkyl ethoxylate sulfates (anionic)
• ethers of fatty alcohol (non-ionic)

Active Materials of Laundry Detergent

 pH modifiers to balance acids and bases in water
• optical brighteners (bleach alternative) to whiten clothes while hanging in the heat of the sun or
cooking. Just avoid bleaching or hanging the colors in bright sunlight so that the color does not fade.
• water conditioners to make the soap suitable for any type of water.
• suds control with soap or silicone to prevent excessive soap bubbles.
• preservatives to prevent rotting soaked clothes and to kill germs and prevent them from multiplying.
Catalytic Enzymes
Catalytic enzymes can be natural or chemically processed. There are different types of
catalytic enzymes that are used to remove different types of dirt on clothes. Catalytic enzymes
separate clothing dirt as small as a molecule so that it can be easily removed.

 protease-removes protein-based waste

• amylase-removes starch-based or carbohydrate waste
• cellulase - loosens cotton fibers to remove dirt.
• lipase-removes fat-based stools
• mannanase - removes stains from foods
• pectinase - removes stains from fruits

The real use of Enzymes is in making bread, it is still rising and in making wines. Of this use or
mix with detergent there has been a big change. In the past, to clean clothes when washed, hot water
and lots of soap or harsh lye based soaps were needed. Now not anymore.
Currently scientists have discovered that this soap ingredient is "white biotech,". This
biotechnology is designed to reduce our world by 2.5 billion tons of CO2 emissions per year. This is
from a report by the World Wildlife Fund. It has proven to be very effective in removing dirt from
clothing.

Fragrance o Pabango

Fragrances or perfumes only bring a perception of cleanliness.

Colorant or Dyes (Tina)

Dyes or dyes are used in washing to only increase the color of the garment to make it look new.
There is no cleaning it creates in the garment.
In People with Sensitive Skin
If you have sensitive skin “do not use detergents that contain DYEs. These dermatologists
have identified the cause of skin irritation.
How Does Soap Clean Clothes?
To get the best results from any detergent, there are three processes that must be performed,
these are chemical energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy.
Chemical energy is, of course, the detergent. Always remember that cheap detergents contain
very few enzymes. Fewer enzymes result in less cleansing as well. In the cock with the success of
the wash.
Thermal energy refers to the temperature of the water to be used for washing and the type of
detergent to be used. Always make sure you read the written washing procedure with each detergent
used.
Mechanical energy, on the other hand, is the type of washer or washing machine or manual
washing.

Choosing the Right Detergent

Dozens of more laundry detergent are lined up on grocery shelves, whatever you choose and
buy. What you should choose is detergent in your family, effective in removing dirt from clothes,
fragrant, form (Liquid, or powder) and the amount. How do you shop, like this? Study carefully how
dirty your family's clothes are and include common stains on your clothes. If you think your clothes
are not too dirty just buy a cheap detergent and effective stain remover. If your clothes are too dirty
due to your activity and work, have an odor, and have stains, you need an expensive detergent and
an effective stain remover.
Another thing to do is to know the ingredients of the detergent to buy or use in laundry. The
most important are surfactants and enzymes that remove dirt and stains. Bargain sale soaps have
fewer surfactants and enzymes in them and poorly clean clothes. You can buy two types of soap,
expensive and cheap because not all of your clothes are very dirty. Most of the laundry detergent is
for cold water, it should be used because there is an expensive cost of washing if you use hot water
because it adds more cost to heating the water.
There are detergents that are powder or liquid. Its only effect is the same the only difference is
that the liquid detergent is concentrated and the powder is unconcentrated and very container size.
To know the right amount of soap to use per kilo of laundry, you should read and follow the written
washing instructions and also to save costs.

Some people want their washed clothes to smell good, so they buy scented soap or put scented
clothes conditioners. Always remember that perfume is not a sign of clean clothes or not all clothes
that are scented are clean.

Clean clothes are those that are free of any dirt or stains.

Steps For Washing Garments

1. Separate whites and colors.

2. Wet the whites first before the colored ones. If you do not use a washing machine, soak the clothes
separately in detergent powder for 30 minutes.
3. Then, tear the clothes one by one. Rinse three times. First the interiors, then the whites, and last
the jeans and color.
4. Hang it up! You can soak your clothes in fabric conditioner first as a final rinse if you want them to
be fragrant when dry.
If you use a washing machine, you do not need to soak in detergent powder. Pour the
detergent into the washing machine (with water ha ha), mix and then first strain or spin the whites.
The colored ones followed, and the jeans last. Then, rinse! Undies shouldn't be machine destroyed,
okay?
The Ironing of Clothes
Things to Prepare Before Ironing
Clothes need to be planned to look good.
• HANGER - This is what makes new clothes iron hangers.
• IRON - This is used to make clothes look good.
• SCAFFOLDING (Horse) - This supports the scaffolding.
• LAUNDRY BASKET - Here are the ones that have not been ironed.

Proper Ironing Method

• Iron thick clothes first before thin ones.
• Turn the garment over and iron the pockets, seams or seams, and those that are double the
thickness of the fabric such as the collar and hem.
• Put the garment back in shape and iron the collar, sleeves, back, and front. If the skirt has pleats, fix
it first and use a clean cloth before ironing, from hem to waist.
• Also pass a clean cloth over crumpled clothes. • Or sprinkle water to make it smooth before ironing.
• Hang clothes and pants, especially outerwear and uniforms.

Sanggunian:

Ironing Notes
A. Polo/Blouse
1. Sprinkle with water before ironing. Fold in a circle. Use a clean spray to massage the numb part of
the garment.

2. First iron the collar on the back and front. Follow the sleeves.

3. Iron the shoulder area on the back and front of the blouse or polo.

4. Iron the front part from the button and continue until it wraps around the entire body of the
polo/blouse.

5. Iron the hem of the polo/blouse again if it is a polo jacket to follow the pleat.
6. Hanger neatly and close the first two buttons on the neck side.

B. Shorts/Pants
1. Sprinkle with water as needed.
2. First iron the pockets and follow the seam portion with the zipper.
3. Iron the waist and waistband to the hips and thighs of the pants.
4. Invert again plan the waist and hip portion of the pocket.
5. Iron the left thigh and follow the right side. Adjust the creases before applying the scaffolding so
that the pitcher of the pants does not double from the foot.
6. Iron until part of the thigh or the whole of the pants is smooth.
7. Hang the pants /shorts or fold them neatly.
C. Skirt
1. Sprinkle with water as needed.
2. First iron the pocket, waist or belt, and zipper.
3. Invert, re -iron the waist area.
4. Straighten the entire skirt and go back to the zipper and pocket side to fold the piliges properly and
iron the pleats.
5. Hanger properly.
 HOLY ROSARY ACADEMY OF HINUNANGAN, INC.
Hinunangan, Southern Leyte
Elementary Department

Name:_______________________________________________________________________
T.L.E 4- Grade 4
Learner’s Activity Sheet (Week 1)
Activity I. Direction: Ask for a help to your parent or sibling on how to properly wash your clothes.
Write an essay about your experience. Enter your image if possible to enhance the output. Write it
inside the box.

Activity II. Direction: Answer the question TRUE if you agree and FALSE otherwise. Use what you
read as a basis.
1. The place of the house where the laundry is carried out or any cleaning of clothes is called a
laundrette in British English or laundromat in American English. ________________
2. Soap was discovered in the 1700’s, and its ingredients were animal fats and
dyes.______________
3. The effectiveness of laundry soap depends on the amount of cleaning product added to it. _______
4. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or caustic soda and potassium hydroxide (KOH) or caustic potash are
examples of Alkalies that are detergent components. ___________
5. Ethers of fatty alcohol is a surfactant of detergent that should be used in washing in rivers or in
wells. _________
6. The preservative is applied to the detergents so that the clothes do not get old immediately due to
washing. _____________
7. Fragrances and Colorants or Dye are soap ingredients which further whitens the clothes.
________
8. According to dermatologists the dye in soap causes skin irretations or redness and irritation of the
skin. ____________
9. The buy-one-take-one or bargain sale can be used on clothes that are not too dirty and not too
smelly. ______________
10. Underwear should be washed late so that the clothes do not stink or smell. __________
11. Underwear should not be washed in the washing machine because garters can easily loosen or
tear. _______________
12. According to doctors, washing causes body pain, so so that the body does not hurt, drink a
washing machine before washing. ______________
13. When lifting a laundry basin, use the leg or leg muscles for lifting and not the back muscle.
________
14. Pasador is still used to wet clothes that have been ironed. ______________
15. Putting ironed clothes on the hanger is the last step in ironing. ___________

Activity III. Direction: In your module, describe the type of detergent used in your home for laundry.
Does it agree with what you have learned in this module? Use only 100 words in the presentation.
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