Prepared By: CHINA

Ar. Asis
History of Architecture 3
中国
 Classification by structure
 楼 lou (Multistory buildings)
 台 tai (terraces)
 亭 ting (pavilions)
 阁 ge (Two-story pavilions)
 塔 ta (Chinese pagodas)
 轩 xuan (Verandas with windows)
 榭 xie (Pavilions or houses on terraces)
 屋 wu (Rooms along roofed corridors)
Traditional Architecture Styles
 Imperial architecture

 Religious architecture

 Garden architecture

 Residential architecture

 Bridge architecture
Imperial Architecture
帝国建筑
 DAMING PALACE

Imperial Architecture
 WEI YANG PALACE

Imperial Architecture
 FORBIDDEN CITY
Imperial Architecture
 An Underground Palace --- Ming Tombs
A Chinese imperial mausoleum usually consists
of two parts, the divine road and the burial palace.
The marble archway or paifang is the beginning of
the divine road and of the whole Ming Tombs. This
carved archway is the largest existent one in China.
It bears patterns of clouds and dragons, which is a
characteristic of imperial architecture.
 The divine road is a passage in front of the tombs to
facilitate the sacrificial ceremonies. The two hexagon
stone pillars are the sign of a divine road.
 An Underground Palace --- Ming Tombs
Behind the engraved pillars are 24 stone animals.
They are four horses, four legendary animals called
qilin, four elephants, four camels, four legendary
animals called xiezhi, and four lions. Behind the
stone animals are 12 stone figures. Each of these life
－like statues is carved out of a whole rock.

 Stone figures and animals along the divine road

serve as guardians and waiters, and the animals are
employed to rid evil spirits and symbolize peace.
ONGPIN
 Chinese Buddhist Architecture
 It consists of temple, pagoda and grotto. Localization starts
right after Buddhist architecture was introduced into China
with Buddhism during the Han dynasty, interpreting Chinese
architectural aesthetics and culture.
 Famous grottoes are
Mogao Caves
Yungang Grottoes
Longmen Grottoes.
 Taoist
Architecture
道
 The style reflects
Taoist philosophy
that the human
cosmos follows
the natural
cosmos to
integrate energy,
qi and spirit.
 The style reflects
Taoist philosophy
that the human
cosmos follows
the natural
cosmos to
integrate energy,
qi and spirit.
Garden Architecture
 Garden Architecture
The ancient Chinese gardens originated in the
Shang and Zhou Dynasties, when monarchs
began to build parks for their own leisure and
pleasure.
 Classification
1. Imperial gardens – Emperor
2. Private gardens - Citizens
3. Monastic gardens - Buddhist/ Taoist
Seven major styles of traditional
Chinese Domestic architecture
 Beijing’s Hutong and Courtyard
 the Si he yuan in northern China– Courtyard House
 Shikumen - a type of tenement housing unique to
Shanghai
 Yaodong in north China
 the earthen buildings (tu lou) of Hakkas
 Miao-style house / the stilt house (Diaojiulou)
 Beijing 's Hutong and Courtyard
 Siheyuan is the traditional courtyard-style
residence of Beijing. This architectural style is
world-famous for its unsophisticatedness and
elegance as well as its unique artistic
attainment.
 Hutong -traditional courtyard houses
 yaodong
窰洞
 A yaodong (窰洞) is a dugout used as an
abode or shelter in China.
Shikumen
石库门
 The origin of shikumen buildings can be traced back to the
1860s when people from southern Jiangsu and northern
Zhejiang ran into the foreign settlements in Shanghai
due to the Taiping Heavenly Uprising.

 A valuable Architectural Legacy .

It is a combination of Eastern and Western architectural
styles featuring the traditional Eastern grey brick door
lintels with a Western style of decorative engraving on
the walls.
Tulou (Earthen Building)
福建土楼
 Three types of Hakka dwellings:

1. Phoenix house 五鳳樓

2. Round house 土樓，圓屋
3. Piang Fong 平房 (flat house)
 The buildings are usually formed in two or three circles.
The kitchen and dining room will be found on the first
floor. The second floor is used as warehousing, and
the third and fourth floors contain bedrooms.
 The inner circle is 2-storied with 30 to 50 rooms which
function as guesthouses. In the middle is a rectangular
hall, a public place for several hundred inhabitants.
Diaojiulou House on Stilt
吊脚楼
 Diaojiaolou (literally means hanging attic) is a
residential house with a dense architectural flavor of the
ethnic minority in the southwestern Yunnan Province.
The wooden building is built close to the mountain or
above the river with an extended floor space. These
houses are usually built on slopes with only support
poles and no foundations, and are entirely made of
wood without iron.
结束
END