h

RISK FACTORS
COMPLICATIONS
 PSEUDOCYST
 INFECTION
 Alcoholism  KIDNEY FAILURE
 Cholecystitis  BREATHING PROBLEMS
 Surgery involving  DIABETES

or near the MALNUTRITION
 PANCREATIC CANCER
pancreas
 Viral hepatitis,
mumps, peptic
ulcer disease,
periarteritis
 Hyperlipidemia,hy
percalcemia,
anorexia nervosa,
DIAGNOSIS  BLOOD TEST
shock with ACUTE PANCREATITIS
 CT SCAN
ischemia  ABDOMINAL
 Trauma to the ULTRASOUND
 ENDOSCOPIC
ULTRASOUND
LABORATORY TEST  MRI

 Pancreatic enzymes
 Serum amylase
 Urine amylase
 Serum lipase

NURSING INTERVENTION

Pain and discomfort related

to edema, distention of the
pancreas, and peritoneal Altered body temperature
Deficient fluid intake related to
irritation related to infection as evidence
inadequate fluid intake vomiting
by raised in body
and temperature
diarrhea
and pulse rate.

 Upper abdominal pain.

 Abdominal pain that radiates to your back.
 Tachycardia
 Abdominal pain that feels worse after
 Fever
eating.
 Tenderness when touching the abdomen
 Yellowing of the skin and eyes
(jaundice)

INDEPENDENT Assess skin turgor and oral mucous membranes for signs of
INDEPENDENT
dehydration
Assess pain Provide cool and calm environment to the patient
- Signs of dehydration are also detected through the skin. Skin of
-We must have a detailed baseline so we not only -know
Help provide
how
elderly a more
to treat
patients peaceful,
appropriately
losses quiet
elasticity, environment
hence forshould
skin turgor patientbe
but also to know if it has changed. (For example, a sudden relief
assessed overof the
painsternum recovery
in a patient
or on the inner thighs. Longitudinal
with appendicitis indicates rupture and an emergency.)
furrows may be noted along the tongue.
Windows and doors are open and air ventilation by fan are provided
Monitor fluid status in relation to dietary intake
- The general
Control pain: repositioning, heat/cold, medications purpose
(muscle of ventilation
relaxants, in buildings is to provide healthy air
analgesics)
- Most fluid comes into the body through drinking, water in food,
-Patients who are in pain have trouble participating in care, relaxing, sleeping, and
and water formed by oxidation of foods. Verifying if the patient is
healing. Do what is necessary to proactively treat the patient’s pain, and notify the
on a fluid restraint is necessary.
provider of changes or an inability to provide adequate relief.
Provide aseptic care to the patient

-To protect patients

Assess bowel movements (color, consistency, from
frequency, harmful bacteria and other pathogens during
amount)
Monitor and document temperature
medical procedures
-This will aid the provider in making clinical decisions significantly. It is decrease
- Febrile states essential body
to fluids by perspiration and
report bowel movement characteristics and frequency accurately
increased to aid in this
respiration. This is known as insensible water loss.
important decision making. This also ensures accurate intake and output recording.

Ensure adequate hydration; may require intravenous

Monitor
Recheckfluids
serum electrolytes
Vital and urine
signs for assess bodyosmolality,
temperatureand report
abnormal values
-Patients with abdominal pain may have- Vital
a diminished
signs areappetite,
useful in be NPO, oror monitoring medical problems
detecting
not want to drink fluids. Assess and promote appropriate
- Elevated bloodfluid
ureabalance,
nitrogen suggests fluid deficit. Urine specific
which may requiring notifying the provider of a decreased oral intakeisand
gravity likewise increased
need for intravenous fluids to maintain fluid balance.

Assess bowel sounds

Record the number and quality of stools
If fever found consistent provide cold sponge to the patient
-Essential to know their quality as a baseline and to routinely reassess to
- Regular monitoring with stool chart prevents constipation,
detect changes. If a patient had bowel sounds, - butUsually
nowsponging
does not,will
it isbring down the fever by one to two
urinary retention and delirium
degrees in
essential to detect that and notify the provider, as the patient may not thirty to forty-five minutes
experience any symptoms.

Facilitate normal bowel patterns DEPENDENT

-Abdominal pain can be due to issues withProvide

the GIAnti pyretic
tract. medication
Therefore, it’s as prescribed by physician.
essential to proactively address issues like nausea, vomiting, constipation, and
diarrhea as clinically appropriate. This can lessen

Record intake and output

-Patients with abdominal pain may not be taking in the necessary amount of
fluids or foods, or their urinary and/or bowel output may be lacking. Accurate I&O
is essential for appropriate clinical decision making.

Prevent infection

-Abdominal pain may have been caused by a pathogen (gastroenteritis, for