Applied Science University

 
College Name Arts and Science Course Code CS312
Programming Languages
Department Computer Science Course Name Concepts
Dr. Samer Examination
Lecturer Group Assignment 1
Shorman Type
Date & Time 1st 2021/2022
Student ID:20202110128
Zaina Hussain
Student name: Shaikha Yousif
20202110013

In this group assignment, you to select two or three programming languages

according to (Number of student in each group: two student will select two
languages).

Each group should follow the following template to complete this assignment. This
template consist from three parts:

Part I: Introduction:

Each group have to give a brief introduction on the languages based on latest scientific
articles for each programming language (see this example):

First language (History and development, latest articles, ):

1)COBOL
To start with, COBOL is the Common Business Oriented Language.

a) History
 • Grace Hopper invented the Cobol programming language in 1959. It
was based on the Flow-Matic programming language, and it was
standardized in 1968. It has since been updated four times, with features
such as support for structured and Object-Oriented programming.

 • Cobol was first developed as part of a US Department of Defense

attempt to develop a portable programming language for data
processing.
b) What is the main purpose of this language

 • Cobol was created mainly for commercial applications, as it is the

most extensively used language of programming in the corporate
sector, and it was widely utilized in legacy mainframe systems, such as
large-scale batch and transaction processing workloads. It was
employed not just in business, but also in state and business finance
and administration systems.

 • Cobol was created to achieve two primary goals: portability and

readability. The term "portability" relates to the capability of
programmed to run and operate with the fewest possible
modifications on computers from different manufacturers. Readability
relates to Cobol's simplicity of use, that allowed users to read it as
though it were ordinary English.

c) Language Development
 • Cobol was among the earliest high-level languages, based on the Grace
Hopper Flow Matic programming language, and developed by a group
supported by the Defense department to establish a common business
language. CODASYL (Committee on Data Systems Languages) is the
organization that produced the most powerful business programming
language.

 • For over four decades, Cobol has been the most dominant computer
language in the business computing domain because it was always
different and very limited, despite the fact that other languages arose
and took over a lot of fields, such as (C, C++, Pascal, and so on), Cobol
managed to stay on top and keep competing with the rest until it started
facing two known challengers, which are (Java and Visual Basic ).
d) Latest articles on this Language
 https://developer.ibm.com/blogs/cobol-programming-past-present-
future/
 • All the most recent articles on Cobol are about how it has managed
to maintain its name and stay on top even in the face of all the other
current computer languages, with all its enhanced and advanced
capabilities still in use today, since the day it was introduced.

 • People still need Cobol, and it will continue to be an essential

programming language in the corporate world.

e) Advantages (Pros)
 • Cobol is self-documented, since its English-like structure was
designed to be easy to use by anybody, not only programmers, such as
employees, managers, and others, unlike many other programming
languages in which non-programmers can't grasp a single sentence.

 • Cobol is simple; it is a language that is devoid of such complications

due to its restricted usage of functions. It's more of a basic
programming approach, yet with its limitations, it's proven to be
successful.

 • Cobol is a portable language that has been ported to virtually every

hardware platform conceivable, from every flavor of Windows to
every flavor of Unix, to AS/400, VSE, OS/2, DOS, VMS, Unisys, DG, VM,
and MVS.

 • Cobol is maintainable; COBOL has a 30-year track record for

enterprise-level application maintenance, enhancement, and
production support. COBOL applications were cheaper to fix than
applications written in more recent languages, per the early
 indications from the year 2000 problem. [Jones, Capers] [Kappleman]

 Disadvantages (Cons)
 Cannot handle scientific applications.
 It has the most Rigid format.
 It takes much time to compile a Cobol program compared to other
machine-oriented programming languages.
 It includes a very wordy syntax.

f) Usage environment (Some statistics)

 • Due to current limitations and rules of the language, the Cobol
usage environment might well be restricted and need to be very
specific and straightforward.
 • Before running the programs, specific compilers, translation lists,
and maps may well be needed.
 Possibility of integration with other tools (Hardware and software)
 Integrated Development Environment, software tools provided for
Cobol use where developers write, build, test and debug
Mainframe programs.
 Visual Cobol is an example of a Software.
Part II: Discussion:
In this part will compare between two or three languages in terms of:
1- You have to give references on each information from book, article, slides, etc.
2- You have to give example (Code and output) where needed.
# Criteria
1 Category (functional,
Markup, Scripting,
Imperative-Based Object-
Oriented, Based on Logic…)
2 Names
3 Binding
4 Lifetimes
5 Explicit/Implicit
Declaration
6 Scopes
First Language
Imperative , Procedural and
Object oriented (since 2002)
Programming language.
A letter followed by a string consisting
of letters, digits, and (_)
Max length-30
The BIND RECORD statement
establishes addressability for a
record in program variable storage.
Usually, you need not issue
individual BIND RECORD statements
because the necessary statements
are generated as a group by the
COPY IDMS SUBSCHEMA-BINDS
statement 
60 years
Both Explicit and Implicit
declaration.
Static Scope-compile time
binding for variables.within
that
-Global Program Scope.
-Nested Program Scope.
-Program Scope.
Second Language
Imperative and Procedural
Programming language.
A letter followed by a string consisting of
letters, digits, and (_)
A binding is an association, such as
between an attribute and an entity
between an attribute and an entity
or between an operation and a
symbol.
51 years
Explicit declaration.
-Local variables which are inside a
block or a sub-program
-Global variables that are outside
of all sub-programs.
-Formal Parameters , in definition
of sub-program parameters.
Part III: References

1- https://www.britannica.com/technology/COBOL
2- http://www.csis.ul.ie/cobol/course/COBOLIntro.htm
3- https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/04/20/brush-up-your-cobol-why-is-a-60-year-old-
language-suddenly-in-demand/
4- https://developer.ibm.com/blogs/cobol-programming-past-present-future/
5- https://www.britannica.com/technology/Pascal-computer-language
6- https://www.slideshare.net/AAPerevalova/pascal-55495720
7- https://www.freepascal.org/advantage.var

Group Assignment I
Students Name: ID:

No Rubrics of correction CILOs 1st 2nd

Stud Stud
Use specialist level skills to implement the codes using
standard applications
(5 marks) Used and implemented the codes on tools
effectively without errors.
(4 marks) Used and implemented the codes on tools
1 effectively with simple errors. b1/5
(2-3 marks) The codes and implementation not completed
with some errors.
(1 mark) The codes and implementation not completed with
many errors.
(0 mark) Not able to implement codes with major errors.
2 Critically evaluate various computer languages. c1/5
(5 marks) Appropriate evaluate and testing with minor errors
and good coding.
(3-4 marks) Weak evaluate and testing with some errors.
 (1-2 mark) Weak evaluate and testing with some errors.
(0 mark) Bad evaluate and major errors.
Team work
(10 marks) Effective member of teamwork and have a good
contribution.
(8-9 marks) Effective member of teamwork and have a
simple contribution.
(6-7 marks) Not effective member of teamwork and have a
simple contribution.
3 d2/10
(4-5 marks) Not effective member of teamwork and have a
weak contribution.
(3-4 marks) Effective member of teamwork and does not
have contribution.
(1-2 mark) Not effective member of teamwork and does not
have contribution.
(0 mark) Not have teamwork and does not have contribution.

Total (20 marks)