basic introduction

This kit is dedicated to receiving calls between aircraft andtowers. With a good

antenna (VHF section Yagi antenna), it canreceivecalls between various types

of aircraft and towers withinabout 150Km in an open area.

The hardware version described in this article is V6.0, andtheboard

name is HM00ABRC _6.

main indicators

Power supply: 12V (linear regulated power supply or

batteryisrecommended)

Antenna: 50 ohm, unbalanced

Typical receiving current: 90mA Receiving frequency:

covering 118MHz-136MHz

Working mode: AM
Circuit principle

Refer to the figure on the last page of this document. Thesignal received by the

antenna first has a band-pass filter andMMIChigh-amplification chip. The

function of this band-pass filter istoensure that the 118MHz-1 36MHz signal can

enter theMMIChigh-amplification, and other signals are

maximizedTheattenuation. The filtered and amplified signal enters the

NE602forthe first mixing. At the same time, the NE602 internal mixerreceives

the local oscillator signal provided by the PLL. ThePLLfrequency of the local

oscillator is 10.7MHz higher than theexternal signal, because the machine is a

superheterodyne machine. Thesuppression of the band-pass filter above and

above finally ensuresfull coverage of the 118MHz-136MHz signal.

The first intermediate frequency of this machine is 10.7MHz. Thesignal mixed

by NE602 is sent to the 10.7MHz ceramic filter. Itsfunction is to filter out the

irrelevant signal generated by mixing, and

then send the signal to the second mixer inside MC3361. Thesecond frequency

conversion, after frequency conversion, thefrequency is 455KHz, and then sent

to TA7640, after theinternal amplifying detection of the amplitude modulation

signal, it is output.
The detected audio signal is amplified by LM386 and thensent tothe

headphone output. At the same time, one channel of audioissent to MC3361

for squelch control

Component selection:

All capacitors less than 1000pF are high-frequency ceramics, capacitors

greater than luF are aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and all resistors are

1/4W5% fixed resistors.

Welding reminder:

The indicator board needs to be welded with digital tubes,

encodersand other plug-ins, after the installation is complete,

thefollowingpicture

Note that there are 4 white round tubes about 3mmhigh inthekit, which are used
to fix the height when welding the digital tube

Production and debugging

Test all transistors, resistors, and capacitors with a multimeterbefore installing

all components. Then install all components

according to the circuit diagram and the markings on thePCB. Generally install in

the order of low to high. At the same time, install sockets for integrated circuits,

which can effectively avoid solderingthe core integrated circuits. Everything is in

order. After checking, connect the power supply, and the positive and negative

polarityof the power supply must not be wrong. Plug the Walkman earphoneinto

the earphone socket and you should hear white noise. Touchthe 2 feet of
NE5204 with your hand, the earphone noisewill increase, indicating that the

receiving function is basically normal. Then connect the antenna with a length of

about 60 cmof soft wire, and you will hear that the noise becomes significantly

larger, whichmeans that the RF channel is basically no problem.

The parts that need to be debugged on this machine are L1, L2andTl. If there is

no instrument, it is recommended to find a125MHzcrystal oscillator, supply

power to it, connect the clock to awire, andthen adjust the frequency of the

machine to 125.0MHz, then

Carefully adjust L1, L2 and TI to achieve the strongest andclearest signal.

The default power-on frequency of this machine is 121.5MHz, which is a

general emergency frequency. If the surrounding

environment allows, you can also directly listen to this signal toadjust LI, L2

and T1 after connecting the antenna.

From left to right, the knobs and buttons of this machineare:
adjustment button, tuning light (signal strengthindicator), configuration
light, configuration buttonandheadphone jack

Power plug: positive inside and negative outside

Instructions

Because VHF is already close to a straight line, if there is aradar inthe VHF

band, VHF communication cannot be blocked. Youneedto pay more attention

to this when listening to the tower signal. It isbetter to listen to the aircraft's

incoming and outgoing signals. Theheight is hundreds to several kilometers, so

the signal cancover along distance. At the same time, for better results, it

isrecommended to use an external high antenna, suchasa1/4-wavelength

(about 60 cm) GP antenna, or a better VHFsegment Yagi antenna! In short, it

needs to be appropriatelycoordinated according to the actual environment

Antennascanachieve good results!

The specific antenna installation reference is as follows:

For beginners, it is recommended to use GP antennaor Yagi antenna, these two

antennas are relatively simple and very suitablefor homemade. The figure below

is the GP antenna (GPantennaisthe abbreviation of planar grounded antenna.

 This antennaisalsocalled vertical ground network antenna. It is a

commonlyusedvertically polarized omnidirectional antenna. It consists of vertical

radiating elements and 3-4 It consists of a horizontally extendingvibrator. The GP

antenna has a simple structure and is easytoset up. It does not require a rotator.

It is generally used as a fixedradioantenna), several metal poles and an M seat

(available in thestore), which is simple to manufacture.

The picture below shows the Yagi antenna, which has gooddirectivity
and high gain. It is recommended to dothisifpossible
The metal beam is perpendicular to the polarization directionof theelectric field

in the end-fire direction, so it will not have a significant impact on the antenna

radiation field. Insulators can alsobeused! In the figure, λ is the wavelength, and

the length and thelengthof the director, reflector and main oscillator are

calculated separatelyA, b, c, d spacing and then assembled.

Chassis installation

The circuit board can be conveniently placed in a standardaluminum case with a

size of 88mm*30mm*120mm(this caseisnot included in this kit, please purchase

it yourself if you needit).

Instructions for use

After normal power-on, the configuration LED light will glowgreen, and the digital
tube will display numbers, indicating that theencoder is in frequency adjustment

mode (default mode). At thistime, select the encoder and you can see that the

number onthe

right will change continuously, such as 1215 for 121 5MHz .

The machine defaults to 100KHz stepping when it is poweredon, and it

displays 1215 or 121.5MHz (1215* 100KHz).

Press the adjusting knob once to switch to 10KHz step. Sincethereare only 4

digits, the highest digit 1 will not be displayed, andit will display 215.0, which

is 121.50MHz (12150*10KHz). Turntheadjusting knob at this time to press

10KHz steps. If youneedtoreturn To 100KHz step, short press the adjusting

knob.
Press the configuration button, after release, the configurationLEDlight will

glow red, indicating that the encoder is involumeadjustment mode. The

default display is 2_ 10 after power-on. The

last two digits represent the volume level. The machine canbeset to 0-25. The

larger the number, the volume Bigger.

Press the button again, after release, display 3_ _XX, thelast twodigits

represent the size of the squelch threshold, this machinecanbe set to 0-25, the

larger the number, the higher the threshold(that is, the higher level of the

received signal can exit thesquelchstate) .

Press the knob again to display 4 _33, which is the 25MHzclockfrequency offset

setting. The default setting is 33 and theunit is100Hz. The default frequency is

25 000 000Hz+33*100Hz. If youfind an error in the receiving frequency, you can

use a frequencymeter to measure the 25MHz clock frequency on the PLLboard,

and adjust the clock frequency deviation according tothetest value.

In the configuration mode, if you no longer press the key or twist theencoder,

the machine will automatically return to the frequencyadjustment mode after

about 3 seconds. At the same time, afterfinishing the frequency or volume

adjustment 3 seconds, themachine will automatically write the currently set

frequencyand

volume into the internal EEPROM, and use it directly next timeit ispowered

on.

In addition, this machine is equipped with a red tuning indicator, which will light

up after receiving a signal (about -_90dBm)

Please pay attention to pin 1 of Y1, it cannot
beinstalledwrong