Resultados Preliminares v5

-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc TFP TFP TFP TFP

2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
251.972* 271.336* 146.315* 256.546* 245.746*
gendiv 41.538 86.794 61.516 96.289*
** ** * ** **
[65.101] [70.308] [46.192] [58.529] [58.036] [55.693] [63.546] [39.496] [56.541]
- - - - -
gendiv_s
190.338* 204.694* -32.575 -65.563 107.266* 194.023* 184.927* -47.155 -71.519*
q
** ** * ** **
[48.349] [52.355] [34.367] [43.774] [43.038] [41.171] [47.290] [29.786] [42.556]
A1_8500 -0.108 0.099 0.07 -0.005 0.049 0.115 0.101
[0.104] [0.090] [0.099] [0.099] [0.092] [0.080] [0.092]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - -
n -0.378
1.035*** 1.002*** 0.867*** 1.058***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.312] [0.363] [0.402] [0.296] [0.340]
Latitud 1.665** 2.169** 1.077 1.573*** 1.760**
[0.687] [0.979] [1.091] [0.542] [0.761]
Hosftede
individua 0.006 -0.001 0.001 0.007* -0.001
lism
[0.005] [0.008] [0.008] [0.004] [0.007]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.212*** 0.234*** 0.219*** 0.149*** 0.169***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.047] [0.051] [0.046] [0.040] [0.048]
humid1 0.034** 0.017 0.014
[0.015] [0.019] [0.014]
humid2 -0.017 0.004 0.006
[0.021] [0.028] [0.018]
humid3 -0.024 -0.005 -0.001
[0.018] [0.019] [0.018]
humid4 -0.003 -0.024 -0.008
[0.019] [0.020] [0.018]
temp1 0.049 0.075 0.043
[0.092] [0.108] [0.084]
temp2 -0.074** -0.047 -0.045
[0.032] [0.045] [0.028]
temp3 0.029 0.026 0.047
[0.040] [0.042] [0.037]
temp4 0.028 0.006 0.015
[0.039] [0.041] [0.036]
temp5 -0.049 -0.055 -0.049
[0.033] [0.037] [0.030]
goldm 0.016* 0.009 0.014
[0.009] [0.010] [0.009]

iron -0.057 -0.001 -0.064
[0.041] [0.047] [0.039]
silv -0.046 -0.029 -0.018
[0.043] [0.036] [0.037]
zinc 0.054 0.008 0.056
[0.051] [0.056] [0.046]
oilres 0.000*** 0.000* 0.000***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
continent
0.771
==2
[0.466]
continent
-0.307
==3
[0.407]
continent
0.848
==4
[0.558]
continent
-0.177
==5
[0.599]
Salida al
-0.047
mar
[0.317]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.225
in
temperat
e zones
[0.445]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.015
malaria
[0.022]
- - - -
-
Constant 73.865** 79.558** -6.307 -20.584 85.697** 82.843** -23.433* -37.111*
42.455**
* * * *
[21.709] [23.303] [15.111] [19.472] [20.121] [18.671] [21.061] [12.679] [18.958]
Observat
140 121 74 73 71 123 104 69 68
ions
F 11.477 6.325 44.963 37.301 65.375 19.054 8.114 38.838 34.145
R-sq. 0.127 0.131 0.787 0.865 0.905 0.195 0.171 0.795 0.866
Adj.R-
0.114 0.108 0.765 0.81 0.842 0.181 0.146 0.772 0.806
sq.
-10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19
TFP HDI HDI HDI HDI HDI
Articles Articles Articles Articles
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
27.459** 32.586** 31.490** 34.354**
74.214 3.808 8.959 3.579 17.157* 2.202
* * * *
[58.170] [7.999] [9.103] [4.434] [5.789] [5.037] [7.867] [10.563] [8.967] [12.849]
- - - -
-57.58 20.875** 24.648** -2.935 -6.737 -2.716 23.295** 25.103** -13.003* -1.929
* * * *
[44.406] [5.936] [6.778] [3.328] [4.354] [3.718] [5.869] [7.925] [6.814] [9.616]
0.047 -0.013 0.006 0 -0.002 0.021 0.006 0.018
[0.100] [0.013] [0.009] [0.010] [0.008] [0.018] [0.024] [0.028]
- - -
-0.829* 0.082 0.167
0.167*** 0.152*** 0.132***
[0.414] [0.035] [0.042] [0.041] [0.072] [0.104]

0.882 0.131** 0.161 0.067 0.340* 0.552*
[0.963] [0.064] [0.097] [0.102] [0.173] [0.300]
0.002 0 0 0 0.005*** 0.006***
[0.007] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
0.142*** 0.036*** 0.038*** 0.035*** 0.031** 0.031**
[0.040] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.013] [0.015]

0.016 0.001 0.001 -0.001
[0.017] [0.002] [0.002] [0.004]
-0.004 0.003 0.003 0
[0.024] [0.002] [0.003] [0.006]
-0.002 0 0 0
[0.017] [0.002] [0.002] [0.004]
-0.009 -0.002 -0.003 -0.002
[0.020] [0.002] [0.002] [0.005]
0.067 0.003 0.007 -0.023
[0.094] [0.009] [0.009] [0.031]
-0.013 -0.008** -0.005 0.015*
[0.033] [0.003] [0.004] [0.008]
0.025 0.005 0.002 -0.01
[0.035] [0.004] [0.004] [0.014]
-0.002 0.003 0.001 0
[0.036] [0.004] [0.004] [0.013]
-0.067** -0.004 -0.006* 0.016
[0.030] [0.003] [0.003] [0.010]
-
0.015 0.001 0.001
0.008***
[0.010] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

-0.007 -0.006 -0.002 0.039**
[0.043] [0.005] [0.005] [0.018]
0.01 -0.001 0.002 0.014
[0.033] [0.004] [0.003] [0.015]
0.025 0.002 0.001 -0.034
[0.052] [0.005] [0.006] [0.021]
0.000* 0.000** 0 0
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.348 0.055
[0.395] [0.036]
-0.496 -0.062
[0.345] [0.045]
-0.515 -0.036
[0.523] [0.057]
-0.952 -0.092
[0.585] [0.056]
0.048 -0.023
[0.262] [0.024]
0.225 -0.026
[0.371] [0.039]
-0.009 -0.004
[0.019] [0.003]
- -
- -
-27.291 -0.744 -2.607 -0.778 10.445** 11.666** -5.954** -0.696
8.278*** 9.906***
* *
[19.363] [2.670] [3.016] [1.434] [1.924] [1.778] [2.601] [3.466] [2.849] [4.195]
68 147 119 74 73 71 139 107 68 67

54.967 11.803 6.025 60.86 69.536 118.961 8.509 5.604 33.384 18.134
0.901 0.12 0.132 0.862 0.908 0.948 0.06 0.083 0.73 0.79
0.83 0.108 0.109 0.847 0.87 0.914 0.047 0.057 0.698 0.692
-20
Articles
20.045
[18.350]
-14.069
[13.711]
0.001
[0.027]
0.288**
[0.129]
0.727*
[0.396]
0.006***
[0.002]
0.044**
[0.017]
-0.008
[0.006]
0.012
[0.011]
0.008
[0.007]
-0.012
[0.009]
-0.033
[0.033]
0.005
[0.010]
0.003
[0.015]
0.005
[0.014]
0.021*
[0.011]
-
0.009***
[0.003]
0.026
[0.024]
0.009
[0.019]
-0.035
[0.028]
0
[0.000]
0.112
[0.126]
0.009
[0.113]
0.341
[0.220]
0.238
[0.214]
-0.075
[0.093]
-0.175
[0.191]
0.006
[0.006]
-7.607
[6.282]
65
22.407
0.827
0.693
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
trade850
0.014*** 0.014*** 0.009*** 0.008*** 0.008*** 0.016*** 0.015*** 0.008*** 0.007***
0
[0.003] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002]
lnpop_20
0.440*** 0.420*** 0.152*** 0.133*** 0.113** 0.328*** 0.396*** 0.165*** 0.162***
00
[0.054] [0.058] [0.041] [0.045] [0.055] [0.046] [0.050] [0.040] [0.047]
A1_8500 0.11 0.236*** 0.214*** 0.179* 0.136** 0.205*** 0.177***
[0.086] [0.066] [0.073] [0.100] [0.068] [0.052] [0.061]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - -
n -0.682*
1.125*** 1.054*** 0.865*** 0.891***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.249] [0.304] [0.350] [0.210] [0.239]
Latitud 1.702*** 1.782* 0.74 1.598*** 1.525**
[0.482] [0.961] [0.884] [0.403] [0.732]
Hosftede
individua 0.003 -0.001 0.002 0.005 0.001
lism
[0.004] [0.006] [0.007] [0.003] [0.005]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.162*** 0.153*** 0.095** 0.105*** 0.095**
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.037] [0.048] [0.042] [0.027] [0.037]
humid1 0.017 0.012 0.005
[0.015] [0.015] [0.012]
humid2 -0.008 0 0.007
[0.020] [0.020] [0.015]
humid3 -0.007 0.003 0.004
[0.016] [0.017] [0.015]
humid4 -0.007 -0.029 -0.008
[0.017] [0.019] [0.015]
temp1 0.087 0.103 0.104*
[0.078] [0.082] [0.061]
temp2 -0.052* -0.035 -0.042*
[0.028] [0.038] [0.024]
temp3 -0.018 -0.03 -0.013
[0.034] [0.031] [0.028]
temp4 -0.012 -0.038 -0.024
[0.032] [0.030] [0.027]
temp5 -0.038 -0.006 -0.040**
[0.023] [0.027] [0.018]
goldm 0.007 0.013 0.007
[0.008] [0.009] [0.008]

iron -0.03 -0.022 -0.036
[0.033] [0.035] [0.027]
silv -0.026 -0.026 -0.013
[0.029] [0.026] [0.018]
zinc 0.046 0.049 0.037
[0.042] [0.035] [0.029]
oilres 0.000*** 0.000** 0.000***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
continent
0.743**
==2
[0.347]
continent
-0.196
==3
[0.294]
continent
0.481
==4
[0.306]
continent
0.73
==5
[0.455]
Salida al
0.017
mar
[0.202]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.479
in
temperat
e zones
[0.354]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.002
malaria
[0.020]
- - - -
Constant 2.646*** 2.202*** 3.886*** 5.602*** 5.900***
6.520*** 8.177*** 6.307*** 6.386***
[0.728] [0.836] [0.628] [1.315] [1.610] [0.621] [0.740] [0.548] [1.222]

Observat
102 98 65 64 62 97 87 61 60
ions
F 34.519 22.809 86.32 60.583 61.491 31.623 27.374 101.884 56.54
R-sq. 0.489 0.481 0.871 0.916 0.948 0.466 0.544 0.884 0.927
Adj.R-
0.479 0.464 0.855 0.873 0.903 0.455 0.528 0.869 0.887
sq.
-10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
0.006** 0.002*** 0.002*** 0.001*** 0.001*** 0.000** 0.001** 0.001* -0.001* -0.001*
[0.002] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001]
0.127** 0.056*** 0.056*** 0.018*** 0.020*** 0.012* 0.053*** 0.059*** -0.005 -0.005
[0.050] [0.007] [0.008] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.010] [0.012] [0.010] [0.013]
0.166* 0.012 0.012* 0.005 0 0.016 -0.002 -0.002
[0.086] [0.011] [0.006] [0.008] [0.009] [0.019] [0.020] [0.025]
- - -
-0.749** 0.068 0.1
0.165*** 0.154*** 0.157***
[0.283] [0.029] [0.035] [0.032] [0.074] [0.089]

0.584 0.131** 0.125 0.013 0.336** 0.284
[0.723] [0.051] [0.110] [0.092] [0.140] [0.305]
0.002 0 0 0 0.005*** 0.006***
[0.006] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
0.052 0.033*** 0.033*** 0.031*** 0.046*** 0.046***
[0.036] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.010] [0.014]

0.009 0 0.001 0.002
[0.012] [0.001] [0.001] [0.004]
-0.002 0.003 0.002 -0.003
[0.016] [0.002] [0.002] [0.006]
0.006 0 0 -0.004
[0.014] [0.002] [0.002] [0.004]
-0.013 -0.001 -0.002 0.003
[0.017] [0.002] [0.002] [0.005]
0.129* 0.012 0.018** 0.014
[0.064] [0.008] [0.008] [0.025]
-0.009 -0.004 -0.003 0.012
[0.031] [0.003] [0.004] [0.008]
-0.035 -0.002 -0.005 -0.024**
[0.026] [0.004] [0.003] [0.012]
-0.049* -0.002 -0.006* -0.015
[0.025] [0.003] [0.003] [0.011]
-0.040* -0.005** -0.006** 0.011
[0.021] [0.002] [0.003] [0.008]
-
0.011 0 0.001
0.006***
[0.008] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

-0.01 -0.003 -0.003 0.030**
[0.030] [0.005] [0.004] [0.013]
0.001 0.001 0 0.008
[0.020] [0.003] [0.002] [0.012]
0.032 0 0.003 -0.028*
[0.031] [0.004] [0.005] [0.017]
0.000* 0 0 0
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.213 0.061*
[0.265] [0.032]
-0.327 -0.041
[0.290] [0.039]
-0.051 -0.019
[0.243] [0.026]
0.139 -0.025
[0.402] [0.041]
0.222 0
[0.176] [0.019]
0.634** -0.005
[0.247] [0.034]
0.004 -0.003
[0.019] [0.003]
- - -
-0.108 -0.179 0.200*** 0.089 0.247 -0.204 0.01
5.370*** 0.509*** 0.686***
[1.333] [0.100] [0.109] [0.057] [0.136] [0.166] [0.100] [0.168] [0.200] [0.429]
60 107 96 65 64 62 102 88 61 60
64.824 30.548 22.663 90.608 82.887 267.845 15.772 9.327 33.004 26.532
0.948 0.468 0.473 0.909 0.937 0.967 0.222 0.21 0.791 0.869
0.901 0.458 0.456 0.898 0.905 0.939 0.206 0.182 0.763 0.797
-20
Articles
-0.001
[0.001]
-0.004
[0.021]
-0.012
[0.025]
0.181
[0.141]
0.422
[0.362]
0.006***
[0.002]
0.051**
[0.020]
-0.001
[0.006]
0.002
[0.009]
0.001
[0.005]
-0.003
[0.008]
0.012
[0.031]
0.005
[0.011]
-0.021
[0.013]
-0.015
[0.012]
0.019
[0.012]
-0.006**
[0.003]
0.023
[0.019]
0.003
[0.015]
-0.024
[0.022]
0
[0.000]
0.152
[0.133]
0.024
[0.101]
0.148
[0.115]
0.127
[0.196]
0.003
[0.102]
-0.146
[0.164]
0.003
[0.007]
-0.092
[0.602]
58
90.514
0.885
0.773
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8
GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc TFP TFP TFP
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
251.972* 108.120* 256.546*
gendiv 30.495 31.212 81.381* 51.856 61.739*
** * **
[65.101] [43.000] [40.911] [46.885] [50.258] [55.693] [41.476] [36.857]
- -
-
gendiv_sq 190.338* -24.447 -25.181 -61.949* 194.023* -40.594 -48.049*
78.132**
** **
[48.349] [32.262] [30.597] [35.041] [37.646] [41.171] [31.078] [27.725]
A2_8500 0.657*** 0.301*** 0.395*** 0.396*** 0.554*** 0.185**
[0.034] [0.095] [0.057] [0.063] [0.030] [0.090]
FraccionalizaciÃ³n - -
-0.45 -0.755**
etnoligÃ¼Ãstica 1.026*** 1.114***
[0.305] [0.292] [0.348] [0.316]

Latitud 0.896 0.945 0.631 1.218**
[0.619] [0.807] [0.806] [0.546]
Hosftede
0.004 -0.007 -0.004 0.005
individualism
[0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.004]
Total years of
schooling: Barro- 0.123** 0.137*** 0.142*** 0.100**
Lee data:
[0.054] [0.049] [0.041] [0.045]
humid1 0.035*** 0.018
[0.012] [0.014]
humid2 -0.024 -0.002
[0.018] [0.022]
humid3 -0.027* -0.006
[0.014] [0.014]
humid4 0.004 -0.016
[0.015] [0.016]
temp1 0.097 0.099
[0.065] [0.076]
-
temp2 -0.076**
0.087***
[0.026] [0.031]
temp3 0.037 0.048
[0.030] [0.031]
temp4 0.015 0.011
[0.027] [0.027]
temp5 -0.059** -0.068**
[0.028] [0.030]
goldm 0.044*** 0.033***
[0.008] [0.009]
iron -0.087** -0.037
[0.039] [0.038]
silv -0.03 -0.015
[0.032] [0.024]
zinc 0.038 -0.009
[0.042] [0.039]
oilres 0.000*** 0.000*
[0.000] [0.000]
continent==2 0.437
[0.343]
continent==3 -0.518
[0.335]
continent==4 0.758*
[0.433]
continent==5 -0.391
[0.517]
Salida al mar -0.219
[0.227]
Percentage of
population living in -0.169
temperate zones
[0.382]
EcologÃa de la
-0.006
malaria
[0.019]
- -
Constant 73.865** -4.03 -3.029 -19.756 -31.672* 85.697** -20.971 -23.070*
* *
[21.709] [14.131] [13.395] [15.544] [17.014] [18.671] [13.661] [12.017]
Observations 140 121 74 73 71 123 104 69
F 11.477 170.741 49.88 44.414 70.109 19.054 143.5 43.48
R-sq. 0.127 0.654 0.822 0.912 0.944 0.195 0.724 0.809
Adj.R-sq. 0.114 0.646 0.803 0.876 0.907 0.181 0.716 0.787
-9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18
TFP TFP HDI HDI HDI HDI HDI
Articles Articles Articles
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
100.456* 27.459** 31.490**
42.2 1.216 2.595 7.356 -0.234 -1.513 12.227*
* * *
[47.065] [47.097] [7.999] [5.966] [4.329] [5.238] [4.757] [7.867] [6.518] [6.696]
- -
-
-33.489 20.875** -1.204 -2.041 -5.547 0.206 23.295** 1.426 -9.316*
75.603**
* *
[35.291] [35.714] [5.936] [4.461] [3.237] [3.917] [3.535] [5.869] [4.887] [5.059]
0.315*** 0.345*** 0.086*** 0.025** 0.034*** 0.037*** 0.113*** 0.071***
[0.062] [0.066] [0.005] [0.010] [0.007] [0.006] [0.013] [0.020]
- - - -
-0.969** 0.091
1.041*** 0.167*** 0.160*** 0.139***
[0.317] [0.368] [0.033] [0.034] [0.039] [0.073]

1.011 0.535 0.068 0.061 0.027 0.166
[0.645] [0.726] [0.059] [0.079] [0.075] [0.145]
-0.006 -0.004 0 -0.001 0 0.004***
[0.005] [0.005] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
0.102** 0.079** 0.029*** 0.030*** 0.028*** 0.009
[0.044] [0.034] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004] [0.013]

0.015 0.019 0.001 0.001
[0.011] [0.012] [0.001] [0.001]
0.001 -0.008 0.002 0.003
[0.015] [0.019] [0.002] [0.002]
-0.005 -0.008 0 0
[0.014] [0.013] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.001 0.002 -0.002 -0.002
[0.014] [0.016] [0.002] [0.001]
0.061 0.07 0.008 0.009
[0.055] [0.063] [0.007] [0.006]
- -
-0.055** -0.036
0.009*** 0.007***
[0.021] [0.024] [0.003] [0.002]

0.063** 0.053** 0.005* 0.004*
[0.025] [0.023] [0.003] [0.003]
0.014 0.011 0.002 0.002
[0.023] [0.023] [0.003] [0.002]
- -
-0.054** -0.005
0.077*** 0.007***
[0.026] [0.027] [0.003] [0.002]

0.038*** 0.040*** 0.003*** 0.003***
[0.008] [0.009] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.085** -0.04 -0.009* -0.005
[0.036] [0.036] [0.005] [0.004]
-0.004 0.023 0.001 0.004*
[0.028] [0.022] [0.003] [0.002]
0.036 0.015 0.001 -0.001
[0.038] [0.038] [0.004] [0.004]
0.000* 0 0.000** 0
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.088 0.022
[0.277] [0.026]
-0.696** -0.083**
[0.284] [0.039]
-0.637 -0.044
[0.413] [0.051]
-1.116** -0.110**
[0.496] [0.050]
-0.117 -0.038**
[0.179] [0.016]
-0.153 -0.061*
[0.310] [0.034]
-0.006 -0.003
[0.018] [0.002]
-
- -
-18.263 -0.049 -0.378 -2.203 0.298 10.445** -0.119 -4.500**
38.973** 8.278***
*
[15.963] [15.908] [2.670] [1.967] [1.422] [1.757] [1.644] [2.601] [2.137] [2.168]
68 68 147 119 74 73 71 139 107 68
43.243 67.058 11.803 128.759 63.23 60.579 173.503 8.509 26.834 39.182
0.905 0.941 0.12 0.689 0.879 0.931 0.97 0.06 0.605 0.774
0.861 0.899 0.108 0.681 0.866 0.903 0.949 0.047 0.593 0.748
-19 -20
Articles Articles
1.487 4.537
[11.300] [14.999]
-1.511 -2.086
[8.415] [11.224]
0.061** 0.089***
[0.028] [0.029]
0.149 0.277**
[0.106] [0.125]
0.362 0.613**
[0.274] [0.300]
0.005*** 0.005***
[0.002] [0.002]
0.016 0.028*
[0.016] [0.017]
0 -0.007
[0.004] [0.005]
-0.001 0.01
[0.006] [0.009]
-0.001 0.007
[0.004] [0.006]
-0.001 -0.01
[0.005] [0.008]
-0.018 -0.033
[0.026] [0.026]
0.013 0.001
[0.009] [0.010]
-0.008 0.008
[0.011] [0.011]
-0.001 0.008
[0.010] [0.010]
0.015 0.020*
[0.009] [0.011]
-0.003 -0.003
[0.003] [0.003]
0.036* 0.02
[0.018] [0.022]
0.016 0.013
[0.015] [0.019]
-0.037* -0.04
[0.021] [0.025]
0 0
[0.000] [0.000]
0.011
[0.122]
-0.095
[0.118]
0.332*
[0.194]
0.215
[0.176]
-0.123
[0.081]
-0.245
[0.171]
0.009
[0.008]
-0.548 -2.995
[3.774] [5.100]
67 65
17.376 24.644
0.812 0.867
0.725 0.764
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
251.972* 256.546*
gendiv 117.481* 18.031 72.349 101.644* 115.506* 24.917 69.071
** **
[65.101] [70.389] [42.822] [52.092] [55.721] [55.693] [62.737] [33.556] [47.672]
- -
gendiv_s
190.338* -89.784* -15.483 -54.799 -75.581* 194.023* -88.348* -20.825 -52.154
q
** **
[48.349] [52.223] [31.706] [38.431] [40.024] [41.171] [46.544] [25.076] [35.121]
A3_8500 0.349*** 0.127*** 0.093* 0.09 0.283*** 0.115*** 0.098**
[0.056] [0.045] [0.049] [0.054] [0.053] [0.042] [0.046]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - -
n -0.561 -0.776**
1.071*** 1.099*** 1.025***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.306] [0.351] [0.392] [0.293] [0.323]
Latitud 1.364** 1.471 0.392 1.522*** 1.255*
[0.621] [0.894] [0.959] [0.506] [0.745]
Hosftede
individua 0.005 -0.001 0.001 0.006 0
lism
[0.005] [0.008] [0.007] [0.004] [0.007]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.198*** 0.215*** 0.195*** 0.138*** 0.154***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.048] [0.054] [0.056] [0.040] [0.047]
humid1 0.026* 0.01 0.011
[0.016] [0.018] [0.015]
humid2 -0.012 0.005 0.009
[0.022] [0.027] [0.019]
humid3 -0.014 0.002 0
[0.019] [0.019] [0.020]
humid4 -0.004 -0.025 -0.006
[0.018] [0.021] [0.018]
temp1 0.074 0.096 0.08
[0.078] [0.092] [0.063]
temp2 -0.063* -0.036 -0.049
[0.032] [0.039] [0.031]
temp3 0.017 0.013 0.027
[0.035] [0.036] [0.030]
temp4 0.008 -0.012 -0.003
[0.031] [0.034] [0.027]
temp5 -0.053 -0.059 -0.051*
[0.034] [0.035] [0.030]
goldm 0.018* 0.013 0.019*
[0.009] [0.010] [0.010]

iron -0.076* -0.026 -0.082**
[0.040] [0.046] [0.036]
silv -0.025 -0.006 -0.008
[0.045] [0.034] [0.039]
zinc 0.051 0.015 0.055
[0.052] [0.053] [0.046]
oilres 0.000*** 0.000** 0.000***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
continent
0.841*
==2
[0.453]
continent
-0.387
==3
[0.411]
continent
0.49
==4
[0.598]
continent
-0.321
==5
[0.598]
Salida al
-0.053
mar
[0.300]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.171
in
temperat
e zones
[0.405]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.001
malaria
[0.020]
- -
Constant 73.865** -31.533 1.739 -16.13 -27.067 85.697** -40.901* -10.77 -27.556
* *
[21.709] [23.391] [14.165] [17.801] [19.957] [18.671] [20.854] [11.033] [16.620]
Observat
140 119 73 72 70 123 103 69 68
ions
F 11.477 20.194 63.016 36.367 67.358 19.054 16.988 45.814 33.358
R-sq. 0.127 0.339 0.818 0.878 0.918 0.195 0.358 0.814 0.878
Adj.R-
0.114 0.322 0.798 0.827 0.862 0.181 0.339 0.793 0.822
sq.
-10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
27.459** 31.490**
24.353 15.332 0.005 4.51 -2.643 9.032 5.234 -16.129
* *
[51.134] [7.999] [9.291] [3.926] [5.306] [5.435] [7.867] [9.844] [9.348] [14.515]
- -
-22.467 20.875** -11.781* -0.13 -3.407 1.764 23.295** -6.464 -4.181 11.565
* *
[37.196] [5.936] [6.890] [2.913] [3.901] [3.923] [5.869] [7.346] [6.931] [10.758]
0.107** 0.037*** 0.013*** 0.012** 0.011** 0.065*** 0.029** 0.043***
[0.046] [0.008] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.013] [0.011] [0.014]
- - -
-0.862** 0.094 0.182*
0.167*** 0.156*** 0.147***
[0.376] [0.033] [0.040] [0.039] [0.074] [0.095]

0.199 0.108* 0.09 -0.012 0.323** 0.329
[0.852] [0.059] [0.090] [0.082] [0.156] [0.253]
0.002 0 0 0 0.004*** 0.006***
[0.006] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
0.118** 0.034*** 0.035*** 0.032*** 0.026** 0.021
[0.049] [0.004] [0.006] [0.005] [0.012] [0.015]

0.011 0 0 -0.004
[0.015] [0.001] [0.001] [0.004]
-0.002 0.004* 0.003 0.004
[0.022] [0.002] [0.002] [0.006]
0 0.001 0.001 0.003
[0.018] [0.002] [0.002] [0.004]
-0.008 -0.002 -0.003 -0.004
[0.019] [0.002] [0.002] [0.005]
0.108 0.008 0.01 -0.008
[0.072] [0.007] [0.007] [0.025]
-0.015 -0.008** -0.004 0.012
[0.031] [0.003] [0.003] [0.008]
0.003 0.003 0 -0.018
[0.027] [0.004] [0.003] [0.011]
-0.023 0.001 -0.001 -0.008
[0.028] [0.003] [0.003] [0.010]
-0.068** -0.004 -0.006** 0.016*
[0.031] [0.004] [0.003] [0.010]
-
0.021** 0.001 0.001
0.007***
[0.009] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

-0.031 -0.008* -0.004 0.033*
[0.041] [0.005] [0.005] [0.017]
0.026 0.002 0.005 0.021
[0.033] [0.004] [0.003] [0.015]
0.032 0.002 0.002 -0.034
[0.051] [0.005] [0.005] [0.020]
0.000*** 0.000*** 0.000** 0
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.461 0.06
[0.388] [0.039]
-0.508 -0.072*
[0.335] [0.041]
-0.751 -0.071
[0.529] [0.053]
-1.027* -0.103**
[0.543] [0.049]
0.046 -0.023
[0.231] [0.021]
0.215 -0.028
[0.327] [0.035]
0.001 -0.002
[0.016] [0.003]
-
-
-9.717 -4.507 0.504 -1.207 1.334 10.445** -3.437 -2.074 5.366
8.278***
*
[18.062] [2.670] [3.082] [1.300] [1.836] [1.924] [2.601] [3.250] [3.080] [4.833]
68 147 117 73 72 70 139 105 67 66

38.28 11.803 13.209 72.238 63.319 87.232 8.509 10.2 37.32 23.221
0.918 0.12 0.269 0.882 0.92 0.959 0.06 0.314 0.753 0.827
0.858 0.108 0.249 0.869 0.886 0.931 0.047 0.293 0.724 0.745
-20
Articles
-15.332
[20.759]
11.312
[15.122]
0.049***
[0.015]
0.285**
[0.115]
0.437
[0.263]
0.006***
[0.002]
0.028
[0.017]
-0.011*
[0.006]
0.013
[0.009]
0.01
[0.007]
-0.014*
[0.008]
-0.02
[0.026]
0.006
[0.009]
-0.01
[0.011]
-0.005
[0.010]
0.026**
[0.011]
-0.005*
[0.003]
0.015
[0.023]
0.016
[0.018]
-0.027
[0.026]
0
[0.000]
0.185
[0.135]
-0.07
[0.128]
0.204
[0.172]
0.278
[0.170]
-0.046
[0.087]
-0.171
[0.173]
0.015**
[0.007]
4.703
[7.189]
64
24.935
0.87
0.766
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
251.972* 256.546*
gendiv 42.375 10.152 31.887 71.499 69.938 39.255 62.383
** **
[65.101] [48.907] [41.684] [52.553] [57.684] [55.693] [42.248] [28.796] [45.220]
- -
gendiv_s
190.338* -33.39 -8.92 -24.078 -50.697 194.023* -53.958* -30.599 -46.174
q
** **
[48.349] [36.365] [30.963] [38.554] [41.912] [41.171] [31.381] [21.643] [33.232]
A4_8500 0.558*** 0.287*** 0.255*** 0.196*** 0.451*** 0.235*** 0.224***
[0.053] [0.054] [0.051] [0.062] [0.045] [0.045] [0.042]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - -
n -0.742*
1.205*** 1.323*** 0.964*** 1.270***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.249] [0.290] [0.416] [0.250] [0.278]
Latitud 0.822 1.478 1.039 0.924** 1.208
[0.555] [0.921] [0.987] [0.424] [0.763]
Hosftede
individua 0.005 -0.005 -0.002 0.005 -0.004
lism
[0.004] [0.007] [0.006] [0.004] [0.006]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.134*** 0.169*** 0.173*** 0.091** 0.119***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.047] [0.049] [0.046] [0.040] [0.042]
humid1 0.042** 0.026 0.021
[0.016] [0.019] [0.015]
humid2 -0.043* -0.018 -0.018
[0.022] [0.027] [0.019]
humid3 -0.033 -0.014 -0.009
[0.020] [0.019] [0.019]
humid4 0.012 -0.01 0.003
[0.016] [0.019] [0.016]
temp1 0.048 0.06 0.039
[0.074] [0.092] [0.062]
temp2 -0.049 -0.036 -0.019
[0.034] [0.041] [0.029]
temp3 0.016 0.021 0.036
[0.034] [0.038] [0.030]
temp4 0.017 0.006 0.005
[0.031] [0.036] [0.028]
temp5 -0.04 -0.045 -0.043
[0.031] [0.033] [0.028]
goldm 0.020** 0.013 0.017*
[0.010] [0.010] [0.010]

iron -0.028 -0.002 -0.042
[0.037] [0.045] [0.033]
silv -0.059 -0.046 -0.031
[0.047] [0.042] [0.039]
zinc 0.074 0.041 0.068*
[0.047] [0.050] [0.040]
oilres 0.000*** 0.000** 0.000**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
continent
0.567
==2
[0.361]
continent
-0.393
==3
[0.378]
continent
0.702
==4
[0.539]
continent
-0.001
==5
[0.509]
Salida al
-0.122
mar
[0.238]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.002
in
temperat
e zones
[0.443]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.007
malaria
[0.020]
- -
Constant 73.865** -7.961 3.582 -2.173 -17.821 85.697** -26.881* -16.180* -25.105
* *
[21.709] [16.164] [13.814] [18.096] [20.527] [18.671] [14.014] [9.510] [15.763]
Observat
140 121 74 73 71 123 104 69 68
ions
F 11.477 48.268 75.015 53.119 59.859 19.054 43.339 62.369 43.972
R-sq. 0.127 0.564 0.849 0.902 0.925 0.195 0.583 0.854 0.906
Adj.R-
0.114 0.553 0.833 0.862 0.874 0.181 0.571 0.837 0.862
sq.
-10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
27.459** 31.490**
13 4.72 -0.13 2.481 -5.025 7.908 13.855 -4.696
* *
[49.413] [7.999] [6.311] [3.772] [5.302] [5.070] [7.867] [8.571] [8.394] [12.483]
- -
-12.306 20.875** -3.821 0.056 -1.821 3.804 23.295** -5.534 -10.494 3.289
* *
[36.374] [5.936] [4.688] [2.796] [3.895] [3.674] [5.869] [6.436] [6.305] [9.332]
0.207*** 0.070*** 0.030*** 0.024*** 0.022*** 0.080*** 0.027* 0.042**
[0.050] [0.007] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.013] [0.016] [0.020]
- - - -
0.063 0.114
1.228*** 0.186*** 0.181*** 0.172***
[0.378] [0.029] [0.039] [0.042] [0.073] [0.096]

0.773 0.044 0.101 0.064 0.267 0.424*
[0.822] [0.052] [0.096] [0.089] [0.160] [0.235]
-0.002 0 -0.001 0 0.005*** 0.005***
[0.005] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
0.102** 0.028*** 0.032*** 0.030*** 0.023* 0.022
[0.039] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.013] [0.016]

0.024 0.002 0.002 0
[0.016] [0.002] [0.002] [0.004]
-0.026 0.001 0.001 -0.003
[0.023] [0.002] [0.002] [0.006]
-0.011 -0.001 -0.001 -0.001
[0.018] [0.002] [0.002] [0.004]
0.004 -0.001 -0.001 -0.001
[0.018] [0.002] [0.001] [0.005]
0.045 0.004 0.005 -0.023
[0.074] [0.007] [0.007] [0.028]
0.002 -0.006* -0.004 0.019**
[0.030] [0.003] [0.004] [0.009]
0.024 0.004 0.002 -0.012
[0.029] [0.003] [0.003] [0.012]
0 0.002 0.001 -0.002
[0.030] [0.003] [0.003] [0.012]
-0.060** -0.003 -0.005* 0.016*
[0.027] [0.003] [0.002] [0.009]
-
0.020** 0.001 0.001
0.007***
[0.009] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

-0.014 -0.003 -0.002 0.043**
[0.036] [0.004] [0.004] [0.016]
-0.006 -0.002 0 0.012
[0.036] [0.004] [0.003] [0.014]
0.061 0.004 0.005 -0.031
[0.043] [0.005] [0.004] [0.019]
0.000* 0.000** 0 0
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.252 0.031
[0.296] [0.025]
-0.509 -0.073*
[0.321] [0.038]
-0.776 -0.052
[0.480] [0.047]
-0.886* -0.071
[0.482] [0.044]
-0.041 -0.031**
[0.185] [0.014]
-0.093 -0.05
[0.359] [0.037]
-0.001 -0.003
[0.015] [0.002]
-
-
-6.252 -1.195 0.464 -0.49 2.042 10.445** -3.174 -4.934* 1.689
8.278***
*
[17.337] [2.670] [2.090] [1.259] [1.827] [1.810] [2.601] [2.812] [2.743] [4.147]
68 147 119 74 73 71 139 107 68 67
72.923 11.803 41.565 87.849 61.814 108.528 8.509 13.289 30.194 18.493
0.931 0.12 0.554 0.909 0.931 0.964 0.06 0.385 0.742 0.81
0.882 0.108 0.542 0.899 0.902 0.94 0.047 0.367 0.712 0.721
-20
Articles
-2.35
[18.568]
3.285
[13.698]
0.055***
[0.019]
0.187
[0.122]
0.721**
[0.280]
0.005**
[0.002]
0.035**
[0.017]
-0.006
[0.006]
0.007
[0.009]
0.007
[0.007]
-0.01
[0.008]
-0.035
[0.030]
0.008
[0.011]
0.001
[0.013]
0.005
[0.012]
0.021*
[0.011]
-0.008**
[0.003]
0.024
[0.021]
0.004
[0.017]
-0.026
[0.024]
0
[0.000]
0.021
[0.131]
-0.082
[0.124]
0.337*
[0.193]
0.285
[0.172]
-0.086
[0.081]
-0.248
[0.181]
0.011
[0.007]
-0.42
[6.446]
65
24.982
0.857
0.746
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
251.972* 256.546* 146.658*
gendiv 129.224* 36.839 72.267 109.090* 61.486* 96.012**
** ** *
[65.101] [65.687] [41.818] [52.768] [59.226] [55.693] [61.343] [32.664] [47.377]
- - -
gendiv_s -
190.338* -96.707* -29.028 -54.508 -79.575* 194.023* 110.079* -47.555*
q 71.911**
** ** *
[48.349] [48.931] [31.126] [39.192] [42.845] [41.171] [45.614] [24.407] [35.183]
A5_8500 0.565*** 0.166** 0.188** 0.194** 0.459*** 0.111* 0.137*
[0.085] [0.071] [0.072] [0.079] [0.080] [0.064] [0.074]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - -
n -0.439 -0.820**
1.139*** 1.109*** 0.998***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.319] [0.317] [0.384] [0.309] [0.330]
Latitud 1.599** 1.643* 0.501 1.646*** 1.539*
[0.657] [0.964] [1.008] [0.548] [0.787]
Hosftede
individua 0.005 -0.004 -0.001 0.005 -0.002
lism
[0.005] [0.008] [0.008] [0.004] [0.007]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.189*** 0.210*** 0.192*** 0.141*** 0.160***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.053] [0.058] [0.055] [0.043] [0.049]
humid1 0.038** 0.019 0.018
[0.015] [0.016] [0.014]
humid2 -0.022 -0.002 0.001
[0.020] [0.026] [0.018]
humid3 -0.026 -0.007 -0.005
[0.017] [0.017] [0.018]
humid4 0.002 -0.018 -0.005
[0.017] [0.019] [0.017]
temp1 0.049 0.063 0.041
[0.075] [0.089] [0.068]
temp2 -0.083** -0.054 -0.054*
[0.031] [0.039] [0.029]

temp3 0.039 0.039 0.053*
[0.032] [0.034] [0.031]
temp4 0.027 0.009 0.016
[0.031] [0.033] [0.030]
temp5 -0.048 -0.053 -0.049
[0.033] [0.035] [0.030]
goldm 0.020** 0.011 0.018*
[0.008] [0.009] [0.009]

iron -0.057 0.011 -0.065*
[0.041] [0.046] [0.039]
silv -0.043 -0.016 -0.021
[0.047] [0.037] [0.038]
zinc 0.052 -0.008 0.049
[0.052] [0.053] [0.047]
oilres 0.000*** 0.000*** 0.000**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
continent
0.7
==2
[0.455]
continent
-0.412
==3
[0.409]
continent
0.696
==4
[0.594]
continent
-0.362
==5
[0.642]
Salida al
-0.141
mar
[0.272]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.32
in
temperat
e zones
[0.490]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.005
malaria
[0.020]
- -
- - -
Constant 73.865** -37.459* -4.927 -16.456 -30.87 85.697**
52.835** 23.091** 36.653**
* *
[21.709] [21.694] [13.784] [17.778] [21.044] [18.671] [20.310] [10.817] [16.236]
Observat
140 121 74 73 71 123 104 69 68
ions
F 11.477 21.879 52.266 37.266 119.167 19.054 19.496 38.813 24.72
R-sq. 0.127 0.352 0.797 0.879 0.919 0.195 0.36 0.796 0.872
Adj.R-
0.114 0.336 0.775 0.829 0.866 0.181 0.341 0.772 0.813
sq.
-10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
27.459** 31.490**
59.517 16.843* 2.739 6.03 -0.472 16.343* 13.162* 0.198
* *
[51.809] [7.999] [8.568] [4.009] [5.323] [5.327] [7.867] [8.686] [6.951] [12.062]
- -
-
-47.776 20.875** -2.107 -4.492 0.316 23.295** -11.601* -9.878* -0.385
12.693**
* *
[37.920] [5.936] [6.367] [2.975] [3.940] [3.851] [5.869] [6.491] [5.224] [8.935]
0.165** 0.061*** 0.017** 0.020** 0.020*** 0.093*** 0.049** 0.054**
[0.076] [0.011] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.019] [0.020] [0.023]
- - -
-0.801* 0.04 0.135
0.178*** 0.162*** 0.138***
[0.397] [0.033] [0.035] [0.039] [0.072] [0.104]

0.399 0.126** 0.112 0.01 0.339** 0.411
[0.903] [0.058] [0.091] [0.091] [0.161] [0.280]
0 0 -0.001 0 0.004*** 0.005***
[0.007] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
0.130*** 0.034*** 0.035*** 0.032*** 0.023* 0.022
[0.046] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.013] [0.016]

0.018 0.001 0.001 -0.002
[0.015] [0.001] [0.001] [0.004]
-0.009 0.003 0.002 0.002
[0.023] [0.002] [0.002] [0.005]
-0.006 0 0 0.001
[0.016] [0.002] [0.002] [0.004]
-0.006 -0.002 -0.002 -0.003
[0.018] [0.002] [0.002] [0.005]
0.063 0.004 0.005 -0.023
[0.077] [0.007] [0.007] [0.026]
-
-0.023 -0.005* 0.012
0.009***
[0.032] [0.003] [0.003] [0.009]

0.035 0.006* 0.004 -0.007
[0.028] [0.003] [0.003] [0.012]
-0.001 0.003 0.001 -0.001
[0.029] [0.003] [0.003] [0.011]
-0.067** -0.004 -0.006* 0.016
[0.029] [0.004] [0.003] [0.010]
-
0.017* 0.001 0.001
0.007***
[0.008] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

0.001 -0.006 0 0.038**
[0.042] [0.005] [0.005] [0.018]
0.017 0 0.004 0.016
[0.032] [0.004] [0.003] [0.014]
0.01 0.002 -0.001 -0.035
[0.050] [0.005] [0.005] [0.021]
0.000*** 0.000*** 0.000** 0
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.402 0.046
[0.375] [0.037]
-0.462 -0.074*
[0.344] [0.041]
-0.664 -0.051
[0.566] [0.055]
-1.198* -0.109*
[0.627] [0.057]
-0.037 -0.032
[0.235] [0.021]
0.25 -0.015
[0.426] [0.042]
-0.006 -0.003
[0.018] [0.002]
-
-
-22.057 -5.233* -0.448 -1.764 0.475 10.445** -6.151** -4.875** -0.244
8.278***
*
[18.206] [2.670] [2.842] [1.331] [1.805] [1.904] [2.601] [2.886] [2.270] [4.043]
68 147 119 74 73 71 139 107 68 67

37.767 11.803 14.649 64.913 63.823 109.102 8.509 9.252 41.001 16.398
0.914 0.12 0.29 0.871 0.919 0.958 0.06 0.281 0.751 0.81
0.851 0.108 0.271 0.857 0.885 0.929 0.047 0.261 0.722 0.721
-20
Articles
9.466
[15.686]
-6.602
[11.543]
0.070***
[0.022]
0.279**
[0.117]
0.545
[0.335]
0.005***
[0.002]
0.033*
[0.017]
-0.009
[0.006]
0.012
[0.010]
0.009
[0.007]
-0.014
[0.009]
-0.036
[0.027]
0.002
[0.010]
0.006
[0.012]
0.005
[0.011]
0.024*
[0.012]
-
0.008***
[0.003]
0.026
[0.023]
0.012
[0.017]
-0.037
[0.026]
0
[0.000]
0.15
[0.147]
-0.02
[0.132]
0.271
[0.219]
0.187
[0.191]
-0.081
[0.085]
-0.176
[0.175]
0.011
[0.007]
-4.076
[5.545]
65
16.349
0.86
0.752
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
A1_8500 0.114 0.081 0.145* 0.057 0.136 0.048 0.015 0.057
[0.012] [0.015] [0.014] [0.011] [0.015] [0.012] [0.014] [0.011]
Total years of
schooling: Barro-Lee 0.580*** 0.544*** 0.599*** 0.542*** 0.603*** 0.545*** 0.585*** 0.549***
data:
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003]
Hosftede individualism 0.03 0.105 -0.02 0.032 -0.008 0.042 -0.022 -0.001
[0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
FraccionalizaciÃ³n - - - - - - - -
etnoligÃ¼Ãstica 0.323*** 0.240*** 0.282*** 0.235*** 0.279*** 0.232*** 0.221*** 0.233***
[0.032] [0.043] [0.033] [0.038] [0.033] [0.037] [0.027] [0.033]

Latitud 0.165** 0.014 0.191* 0.08 0.181* 0.071 0.206** 0.088
[0.053] [0.068] [0.080] [0.070] [0.078] [0.064] [0.080] [0.072]
continent==2 0.123* 0.09 0.092 0.101
[0.024] [0.021] [0.022] [0.022]
- -
continent==3 -0.167** -0.169**
0.238*** 0.237***
[0.029] [0.021] [0.021] [0.031]

continent==4 -0.007 -0.112 -0.11 -0.129*
[0.027] [0.024] [0.024] [0.023]
- - -
continent==5 -0.043
0.110*** 0.109*** 0.103***
[0.036] [0.035] [0.034] [0.037]

humid1 0.09 0.115 0.063 0.091 0.162 0.136
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid2 0.136 0.098 0.158 0.117 0.114 0.087
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
humid3 -0.014 0.025 -0.008 0.031 -0.027 0.013
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
humid4 -0.146 -0.182* -0.145 -0.182* -0.111 -0.148
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
temp1 0.299 0.456 0.208 0.377 0.3 0.457
[0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
- - -
temp2 -0.290** -0.274** -0.257*
0.524*** 0.505*** 0.407***
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]

temp3 0.106 0.031 0.125 0.048 0.061 0.019
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
temp4 0.194 0.008 0.246 0.053 0.132 -0.007
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
- - -
temp5 -0.08 -0.065 -0.056
0.260*** 0.246*** 0.235***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

goldm 0.033 0.038* 0.032 0.036 0.02 0.022
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
iron -0.083 -0.004 -0.084 -0.006 -0.036 0.006
[0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003]
silv -0.027 0.026 -0.015 0.037 -0.001 0.037
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
zinc 0.058 0.017 0.043 0.005 0.019 0.017
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
oilres 0.076*** 0.040* 0.073*** 0.037 0.047** 0.042*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al mar -0.034 -0.029
[0.020] [0.017]
-
EcologÃa de la malaria -0.101
0.174***
[0.002] [0.002]
Percentage of
population living in
tropical zones
Percentage of
temperate zones
R2_a 0.856 0.876 0.868 0.912 0.868 0.912 0.897 0.916

Observations 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
p(OID) 0.686 0.143 0.202 0.481 0.195 0.445 0.086 0.627
p(UID) 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0
F(WID_Kleibergen_Pa
ap)
Chi2(Anderson-Rubin) 2.408 2.737 4.34 1.352 3.936 1.211 3.135 0.981
Chi2p(Anderson-
0.3 0.254 0.114 0.509 0.14 0.546 0.209 0.612
Rubin)
S(Stock-Wright) 2.556 2.988 4.004 1.356 3.637 1.248 3.169 0.929
p(Stock-Wright) 0.279 0.224 0.135 0.508 0.162 0.536 0.205 0.629
p(humid) 0.005 0 0.003 0 0 0
p(temp) 0.008 0.001 0.015 0.002 0.092 0.01
p(natural 0.031 0.045 0.029 0.033 0.308 0.044
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
Total years of
schooling: Barro-Lee 0.05 0.045 0.027 0.065 0.032 0.067 0.032 0.064
data:
[0.069] [0.067] [0.077] [0.076] [0.078] [0.076] [0.078] [0.077]
Hosftede individualism 0.203 0.245 0.224 0.231 0.236 0.235 0.236 0.237
[0.007] [0.009] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012]
FraccionalizaciÃ³n
0.149 0.143 0.058 0.068 0.062 0.07 0.044 0.068
etnoligÃ¼Ãstica
[0.502] [0.509] [0.594] [0.751] [0.590] [0.752] [0.617] [0.758]
Latitud -0.014 -0.301 -0.053 -0.35 -0.068 -0.353 -0.058 -0.352
[0.946] [1.097] [1.390] [1.675] [1.413] [1.685] [1.414] [1.691]
10.810** 11.881** 14.444** 12.229** 14.495**
gendiv 8.293** 11.748** 14.422**
* * * * *
[55.145] [58.426] [74.574] [89.078] [75.662] [90.385] [73.375] [90.004]
- - - - - -
- -
gendiv_sq 11.850** 12.391** 15.616** 15.586** 12.767** 15.662**
8.844*** 12.250**
* * * * * *
[41.446] [42.312] [56.456] [65.147] [57.362] [66.295] [55.560] [65.803]
continent==2 0.569*** 0.692*** 0.690*** 0.689***
[0.323] [0.441] [0.451] [0.452]
continent==3 0.272** 0.283 0.282 0.27
[0.360] [0.518] [0.523] [0.538]
continent==4 -0.203 -0.289 -0.284 -0.282
[0.760] [1.103] [1.107] [1.134]
continent==5 -0.148 -0.163 -0.161 -0.163
[0.901] [1.260] [1.278] [1.272]
humid1 0.163 -0.116 0.123 -0.127 0.146 -0.122
[0.023] [0.020] [0.023] [0.021] [0.023] [0.021]
humid2 0.057 0.139 0.086 0.148 0.066 0.143
[0.035] [0.032] [0.035] [0.033] [0.035] [0.033]
humid3 -0.19 -0.091 -0.18 -0.087 -0.194 -0.087
[0.026] [0.022] [0.025] [0.022] [0.025] [0.022]
humid4 0.07 -0.054 0.071 -0.054 0.06 -0.061
[0.028] [0.030] [0.028] [0.030] [0.028] [0.031]
temp1 -0.47 -0.477 -0.592 -0.51 -0.493 -0.477
[0.153] [0.153] [0.151] [0.162] [0.151] [0.154]
temp2 0.311 0.418 0.335 0.423 0.279 0.412
[0.059] [0.061] [0.059] [0.063] [0.064] [0.064]
temp3 0.043 0.09 0.069 0.098 0.059 0.093
[0.057] [0.057] [0.057] [0.059] [0.057] [0.059]
temp4 0.25 0.147 0.321 0.166 0.282 0.149
[0.055] [0.058] [0.056] [0.061] [0.055] [0.059]
temp5 -0.132 -0.08 -0.111 -0.074 -0.137 -0.086
[0.050] [0.046] [0.050] [0.047] [0.050] [0.047]
goldm 0.123 0.118 0.119 0.117 0.133 0.121
[0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.014] [0.015]
iron -0.072 -0.024 -0.073 -0.025 -0.089 -0.026
[0.095] [0.086] [0.096] [0.087] [0.099] [0.087]
silv 0.001 0.08 0.019 0.084 -0.007 0.078
[0.061] [0.062] [0.063] [0.065] [0.063] [0.063]
zinc -0.064 -0.083 -0.083 -0.088 -0.056 -0.083
[0.101] [0.086] [0.100] [0.086] [0.102] [0.087]
- - -
oilres -0.207** -0.209** -0.206**
0.229*** 0.229*** 0.229***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

[0.410] [0.362]
EcologÃa de la malaria 0.057 0.018
[0.048] [0.045]
Percentage of
tropical zones
Percentage of
temperate zones
Observations 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
F(excludedIVs)
F(Angrist-Pischke)
Chi2(Angrist-Pischke)
pF(excludedIVs)
pF(Angrist-Pischke)
pChi2(Angrist-Pischke)
-9 -10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.123 0.055 0.142 0.057
[0.016] [0.011] [0.014] [0.011]
0.609*** 0.545*** 0.601*** 0.551***
[0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.003]

-0.025 0.03 -0.02 0.029
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
- - - -
0.265*** 0.234*** 0.283*** 0.238***
[0.032] [0.038] [0.034] [0.038]

0.265** 0.097 0.197* 0.098
[0.093] [0.080] [0.091] [0.081]
0.089 0.106
[0.022] [0.024]
- -
0.235*** 0.234***
[0.021] [0.022]
-0.113* -0.111
[0.024] [0.025]
- -
0.110*** 0.107***
[0.035] [0.037]
0.029 0.102 0.091 0.11
[0.002] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.183* 0.108 0.137 0.106
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.018 0.031 -0.013 0.035
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.19 -0.190** -0.147 -0.190**
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
0.224 0.438 0.296 0.451
[0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007]
- -
-0.301** -0.312**
0.563*** 0.530***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.002]

0.155 0.042 0.108 0.04
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
0.294 0.033 0.201 0.028
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
- -
-0.107 -0.081
0.266*** 0.262***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.039 0.039* 0.034 0.038*
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.099* -0.009 -0.086 -0.018
[0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.011 0.03 -0.029 0.019
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
0.062 0.019 0.061 0.033
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.067** 0.039 0.075*** 0.039*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.11 0.025
[0.038] [0.026]
-0.011 -0.042
[0.036] [0.034]
0.872 0.911 0.866 0.911
71 71 71 71
0.231 0.536 0.198 0.516
0.001 0 0 0
2.93 1.152 4.208 1.317
0.231 0.562 0.122 0.518

2.767 1.143 3.992 1.321
0.251 0.565 0.136 0.516
0.002 0 0.013 0
0 0 0.022 0
0.018 0.04 0.032 0.081
-9 -10 -11 -12

A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
0.039 0.079 -0.018 0.11
[0.077] [0.078] [0.087] [0.086]

0.214 0.218 0.23 0.216
[0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012]
0.086 0.071 0.076 0.049
[0.582] [0.750] [0.594] [0.762]
0.056 -0.242 -0.161 -0.26
[1.628] [1.719] [1.619] [1.678]
11.329** 13.550** 12.221** 13.997**
[77.962] [95.762] [77.279] [90.010]
- -
- -
12.757** 15.233**
11.833** 14.797**
* *
[59.040] [69.273] [58.410] [65.879]
0.682*** 0.781***
[0.450] [0.531]
0.311 0.312
[0.566] [0.568]
-0.378 -0.343
[1.204] [1.141]
-0.177 -0.16
[1.276] [1.237]
0.07 -0.18 0.155 -0.13
[0.024] [0.021] [0.022] [0.021]
0.123 0.183 0.032 0.17
[0.039] [0.033] [0.035] [0.034]
-0.139 -0.085 -0.213 -0.062
[0.026] [0.022] [0.025] [0.023]
0.003 -0.085 0.089 -0.086
[0.030] [0.029] [0.029] [0.030]
-0.563 -0.594 -0.461 -0.512
[0.146] [0.151] [0.153] [0.155]
0.236 0.345 0.444 0.306
[0.063] [0.064] [0.066] [0.066]
0.11 0.153 0.004 0.135
[0.059] [0.060] [0.060] [0.059]
0.384 0.306 0.136 0.256
[0.054] [0.059] [0.057] [0.059]
-0.156 -0.103 -0.114 -0.078
[0.052] [0.047] [0.049] [0.047]
0.128 0.129 0.123 0.126
[0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014]
-0.091 -0.051 -0.019 -0.092
[0.097] [0.088] [0.104] [0.093]
0.025 0.108 0.04 0.047
[0.061] [0.066] [0.064] [0.062]
-0.059 -0.066 -0.129 0.003
[0.102] [0.087] [0.103] [0.089]
-
-0.214** -0.201** -0.235**
0.232***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.156 0.157
[0.651] [0.578]
0.204 -0.221
[0.769] [0.667]
71 71 71 71
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
A2_8500 0.676 0.106 1.451 0.478 1.537 0.36 1.522 0.444 1.238
[0.079] [0.030] [0.173] [0.042] [0.176] [0.038] [0.175] [0.044] [0.145]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.297 0.509*** 0.085 0.369** 0.063 0.418*** 0.031 0.386** 0.175
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.023] [0.009] [0.040] [0.010] [0.040] [0.009] [0.040] [0.011] [0.033]
Hosftede
individua -0.093 0.102 -0.437 -0.06 -0.407 -0.02 -0.442 -0.076 -0.381
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.003] [0.001] [0.003] [0.001] [0.004] [0.001] [0.003]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - -
n -0.232**
0.298*** 0.225*** 0.304*** 0.237*** 0.283*** 0.231*** 0.235*** 0.270***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.047] [0.040] [0.057] [0.037] [0.061] [0.034] [0.069] [0.034] [0.056]
Latitud -0.051 -0.026 -0.28 -0.053 -0.352 -0.038 -0.292 -0.039 -0.089
[0.168] [0.073] [0.460] [0.116] [0.488] [0.110] [0.470] [0.120] [0.377]
continent
0.116 -0.028 0.004 -0.011
==2
[0.041] [0.045] [0.041] [0.048]
continent - - - -
==3 0.181*** 0.272*** 0.261*** 0.224***
[0.028] [0.023] [0.021] [0.035]

continent
0.017 -0.127* -0.121** -0.136**
==4
[0.023] [0.024] [0.022] [0.022]
continent - -
-0.046 -0.141**
==5 0.149*** 0.138***
[0.047] [0.051] [0.047] [0.054]

humid1 0.087 0.153 -0.043 0.098 0.093 0.165 -0.022
[0.003] [0.001] [0.003] [0.001] [0.003] [0.001] [0.002]
humid2 0 0.033 0.084 0.085 -0.012 0.031 0.101
[0.005] [0.002] [0.004] [0.002] [0.005] [0.002] [0.004]
humid3 -0.024 -0.018 0.006 0.002 -0.01 -0.023 0.033
[0.002] [0.001] [0.003] [0.001] [0.003] [0.001] [0.002]
humid4 -0.002 -0.102 0 -0.121 0.01 -0.085 -0.1
[0.003] [0.002] [0.004] [0.002] [0.004] [0.001] [0.003]
temp1 0.88 0.685** 0.577 0.481* 0.982 0.667* 0.681
[0.023] [0.007] [0.020] [0.006] [0.024] [0.008] [0.020]
temp2 -0.66 -0.389** -0.61 -0.335** -0.618 -0.358** -0.712*
[0.008] [0.003] [0.007] [0.003] [0.008] [0.003] [0.007]
temp3 0.264 0.07 0.353 0.093 0.236 0.06 0.323
[0.008] [0.002] [0.010] [0.002] [0.009] [0.002] [0.008]
temp4 -0.063 -0.06 0.113 0.042 -0.181 -0.065 0.133
[0.007] [0.002] [0.006] [0.002] [0.007] [0.002] [0.006]
- -
temp5 -0.267 -0.215 -0.246 -0.326** -0.284
0.350*** 0.301***
[0.006] [0.003] [0.006] [0.002] [0.007] [0.003] [0.006]

goldm 0.359 0.141 0.365 0.113 0.349 0.124 0.318
[0.011] [0.002] [0.011] [0.002] [0.011] [0.003] [0.009]
iron -0.21 -0.028 -0.227 -0.025 -0.19 -0.019 -0.22
[0.014] [0.003] [0.015] [0.003] [0.015] [0.004] [0.012]
silv 0.112 0.069 0.168 0.078 0.137 0.073* 0.119
[0.010] [0.003] [0.012] [0.003] [0.009] [0.002] [0.008]
zinc -0.067 -0.062 -0.137 -0.065 -0.12 -0.056 -0.043
[0.011] [0.005] [0.014] [0.005] [0.011] [0.005] [0.009]
oilres -0.002 0.013 -0.01 0.015 -0.007 0.015 -0.003
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.138 -0.055
mar
[0.065] [0.017]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.149** -0.067
malaria
[0.003] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.183
in
tropical
zones
[0.058]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.821 0.886 0.589 0.94 0.549 0.946 0.556 0.943 0.699
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.547 0.115 0.545 0.698 0.709 0.55 0.979 0.791 0.615
p(UID) 0.496 0.168 0.724 0.483 0.713 0.401 0.715 0.495 0.699
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 2.408 2.737 4.34 1.352 3.936 1.211 3.135 0.981 2.93
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.3 0.254 0.114 0.509 0.14 0.546 0.209 0.612 0.231
Rubin)
S(Stock-
2.556 2.988 4.004 1.356 3.637 1.248 3.169 0.929 2.767
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.279 0.224 0.135 0.508 0.162 0.536 0.205 0.629 0.251
Wright)
p(humid) 0.99 0.026 0.971 0.05 0.969 0.027 0.982
p(temp) 0.616 0.005 0.617 0.003 0.797 0.032 0.318
p(natural 0.6 0.04 0.767 0.01 0.726 0.015 0.55
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.458*** 0.429*** 0.371*** 0.374*** 0.365*** 0.366*** 0.369*** 0.378*** 0.368***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.058] [0.057] [0.051] [0.056] [0.051] [0.057] [0.052] [0.058] [0.052]
Hosftede
individua 0.202** 0.148 0.263* 0.226 0.247 0.208 0.258 0.203 0.266*
lism
[0.006] [0.008] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.047 -0.003 -0.025 0.016 -0.029 0.008 -0.02 0.016 -0.033
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.604] [0.570] [0.675] [0.751] [0.673] [0.750] [0.699] [0.747] [0.690]
Latitud 0.264** 0.144 0.303* 0.233 0.322* 0.247 0.305* 0.238 0.272
[0.871] [0.867] [1.340] [1.493] [1.361] [1.510] [1.362] [1.508] [1.638]
gendiv 2.391 4.134* 1.551 2.789 1.715 2.911 1.415 2.589 1.71
[62.457] [60.761] [70.653] [87.745] [71.383] [88.510] [71.087] [89.182] [72.205]
gendiv_s
-2.409 -4.177* -1.51 -2.883 -1.685 -3.045 -1.363 -2.701 -1.671
q
[46.565] [45.288] [52.116] [64.678] [52.705] [65.550] [52.484] [65.645] [53.253]
continent
0.361*** 0.328** 0.339** 0.337**
==2
[0.341] [0.472] [0.469] [0.478]
continent
0.094 0.109 0.113 0.159
==3
[0.433] [0.500] [0.498] [0.537]
continent
0.134 0.052 0.027 0.023
==4
[0.712] [0.997] [1.013] [1.002]
continent
0.087 0.07 0.06 0.072
==5
[0.782] [0.989] [1.013] [1.002]
humid1 0.04 -0.12 0.09 -0.06 0.047 -0.099 0.067
[0.023] [0.026] [0.024] [0.027] [0.023] [0.026] [0.025]
humid2 0.086 0.172 0.049 0.124 0.082 0.159 0.067
[0.032] [0.036] [0.035] [0.039] [0.032] [0.037] [0.035]
humid3 -0.012 0.102 -0.025 0.081 -0.011 0.087 -0.027
[0.025] [0.029] [0.026] [0.029] [0.025] [0.028] [0.026]
humid4 -0.07 -0.188 -0.071 -0.185 -0.066 -0.16 -0.05
[0.027] [0.034] [0.027] [0.034] [0.027] [0.034] [0.030]
temp1 -0.441 -0.521 -0.291 -0.344 -0.432 -0.524 -0.414
[0.149] [0.154] [0.150] [0.160] [0.152] [0.156] [0.155]
temp2 0.187 0.252 0.156 0.221 0.199 0.276 0.208
[0.049] [0.054] [0.049] [0.053] [0.050] [0.056] [0.052]
temp3 -0.107 -0.061 -0.14 -0.102 -0.113 -0.071 -0.127
[0.063] [0.069] [0.063] [0.069] [0.065] [0.071] [0.069]
temp4 0.209 0.157 0.122 0.052 0.197 0.147 0.17
[0.061] [0.067] [0.061] [0.068] [0.062] [0.068] [0.065]
temp5 0.053 0.159 0.028 0.126 0.055 0.18 0.06
[0.045] [0.046] [0.045] [0.047] [0.046] [0.047] [0.046]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.215*** 0.208*** 0.209*** 0.201*** 0.219*** 0.218*** 0.216***
[0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013]

iron 0.08 0.04 0.081 0.044 0.087 0.048 0.086
[0.064] [0.065] [0.065] [0.066] [0.068] [0.066] [0.065]
silv -0.091 -0.084 -0.113 -0.106 -0.088 -0.075 -0.098
[0.055] [0.057] [0.057] [0.058] [0.056] [0.058] [0.060]
zinc 0.113 0.149 0.137 0.176 0.111 0.15 0.112
[0.094] [0.100] [0.094] [0.099] [0.096] [0.102] [0.095]
oilres 0.032 0.028 0.034 0.031 0.032 0.029 0.034
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.06 0.07
mar
[0.366] [0.363]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.022 -0.071
malaria
[0.022] [0.029]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.045
in
tropical
zones
[0.586]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.448 1.526 0.48
[0.042] [0.136] [0.038]
0.387** 0.157 0.401***
[0.010] [0.027] [0.008]
-0.06 -0.432 -0.074
[0.001] [0.003] [0.001]
- - -
0.234*** 0.319*** 0.247***
[0.037] [0.058] [0.036]

-0.005 -0.036 0.012
[0.107] [0.210] [0.088]
-0.026 0.027
[0.044] [0.034]
- -
0.262*** 0.257***
[0.022] [0.021]
-0.130** -0.125**
[0.023] [0.021]
- -
0.146*** 0.138***
[0.051] [0.044]
0.12 0.073 0.135
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
0.061 0.072 0.063
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
-0.003 0.035 0.016
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.125 -0.059 -0.133
[0.002] [0.003] [0.001]
0.631* 0.9 0.667**
[0.007] [0.020] [0.007]
-0.409** -1.027 -0.467**
[0.003] [0.012] [0.004]
0.095 0.375 0.106
[0.002] [0.010] [0.003]
0.001 0.189 0.013
[0.002] [0.006] [0.002]
- -
-0.31
0.358*** 0.354***
[0.003] [0.006] [0.003]

0.137 0.377 0.144*
[0.002] [0.008] [0.002]
-0.038 -0.365 -0.076
[0.004] [0.019] [0.005]
0.074 0.019 0.043
[0.003] [0.006] [0.002]
-0.051 0.067 -0.003
[0.005] [0.009] [0.004]
0.012 -0.019 0.008
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.057
[0.022]
-0.51 -0.153
[0.173] [0.050]
0.941 0.583 0.942
71 71 71
0.865 0.944 0.954
0.441 0.631 0.447
1.152 4.208 1.317
0.562 0.122 0.518
1.143 3.992 1.321
0.565 0.136 0.516

0.119 0.746 0.002
0.002 0.604 0.004
0.033 0.712 0.048
-10 -11 -12

A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
0.367*** 0.296*** 0.328***
[0.056] [0.061] [0.062]
0.232 0.273* 0.241

[0.011] [0.011] [0.012]
0.014 0.004 0.035
[0.739] [0.650] [0.745]

0.178 0.124 0.141
[1.806] [1.424] [1.583]
3.24 2.118 3.245
[94.689] [66.488] [85.221]
-3.296 -2.119 -3.274
[69.519] [49.451] [62.911]
0.333** 0.236
[0.478] [0.495]
0.094 0.079
[0.507] [0.503]
0.097 0.108
[1.030] [0.947]
0.077 0.067
[1.003] [0.953]
-0.088 0.028 -0.106
[0.027] [0.020] [0.025]
0.15 0.044 0.14
[0.038] [0.029] [0.036]
0.099 -0.05 0.073
[0.029] [0.023] [0.028]
-0.172 -0.039 -0.155
[0.034] [0.026] [0.034]
-0.463 -0.425 -0.486
[0.164] [0.146] [0.152]
0.288 0.408 0.366
[0.056] [0.054] [0.060]
-0.092 -0.172 -0.106
[0.075] [0.062] [0.068]
0.076 0.018 0.045
[0.072] [0.060] [0.065]
0.17 0.083 0.156
[0.047] [0.040] [0.045]
- - -
0.213*** 0.216*** 0.215***
[0.014] [0.011] [0.013]

0.054 0.169 0.109
[0.064] [0.072] [0.074]
-0.098 -0.027 -0.051
[0.063] [0.057] [0.060]
0.141 0.004 0.062
[0.100] [0.091] [0.103]
0.03 0.042 0.035
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.079
[0.627]
0.340* 0.225
[0.662] [0.643]
71 71 71
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 0.144 0.023 0.251* 0.101 0.244* 0.1 0.215 0.09 0.220*
[0.009] [0.007] [0.010] [0.007] [0.010] [0.007] [0.011] [0.007] [0.011]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.589*** 0.560*** 0.540*** 0.517*** 0.546*** 0.521*** 0.529*** 0.525*** 0.557***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.003] [0.005]
Hosftede
individua 0.007 0.109 -0.019 0.024 0 0.036 -0.011 0.003 -0.023
lism
[0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.337*** 0.241*** 0.312*** 0.245*** 0.305*** 0.243*** 0.253*** 0.242*** 0.292***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.031] [0.040] [0.030] [0.032] [0.031] [0.032] [0.025] [0.030] [0.030]
Latitud 0.094 -0.029 0.01 -0.005 -0.001 -0.016 0.047 0.01 0.102
[0.053] [0.067] [0.096] [0.076] [0.097] [0.072] [0.090] [0.079] [0.111]
continent
0.139** 0.129** 0.127** 0.134**
==2
[0.023] [0.021] [0.021] [0.022]
continent - - - -
==3 0.180*** 0.236*** 0.233*** 0.194***
[0.028] [0.019] [0.020] [0.025]

continent
0.011 -0.103* -0.106* -0.113*
==4
[0.021] [0.020] [0.020] [0.020]
continent - -
-0.043 -0.095**
==5 0.099*** 0.100***
[0.036] [0.035] [0.033] [0.035]

humid1 -0.022 0.036 -0.064 0.005 0.016 0.06 -0.065
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid2 0.180** 0.129* 0.212** 0.152* 0.166** 0.119 0.219**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
humid3 0.084 0.111 0.092 0.117 0.069 0.095 0.098
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
humid4 -0.131 -0.203** -0.133 -0.202** -0.12 -0.180** -0.174
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
temp1 0.635* 0.538* 0.494 0.442 0.638* 0.525* 0.531
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008]
- - - -
temp2 -0.206* -0.189 -0.191
0.425*** 0.401*** 0.394*** 0.477***
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]

temp3 -0.009 0.001 0.024 0.023 -0.025 -0.003 0.049
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
temp4 -0.205 -0.16 -0.119 -0.103 -0.22 -0.15 -0.064
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
- - -
temp5 -0.186* -0.16 -0.151 -0.199**
0.279*** 0.263*** 0.260***
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002]

goldm 0.055* 0.044** 0.050* 0.041** 0.035 0.034 0.057**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
iron -0.153** -0.034 -0.154** -0.037 -0.119* -0.024 -0.161**
[0.005] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
silv 0.035 0.062 0.052 0.075* 0.04 0.065 0.042
[0.004] [0.002] [0.004] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.004]
zinc 0.072 0.021 0.048 0.006 0.037 0.021 0.075
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
oilres 0.058*** 0.03 0.056*** 0.028* 0.055*** 0.03 0.053***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.051* -0.037
mar
[0.014] [0.015]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.119** -0.063
malaria
[0.002] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.103
in
tropical
zones
[0.032]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.875 0.885 0.89 0.932 0.891 0.932 0.903 0.932 0.894
Observat
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
ions
p(OID) 0.298 0.06 0.941 0.565 0.952 0.704 0.429 0.52 0.962
p(UID) 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.002
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 2.703 3.603 5.32 1.936 4.951 1.682 3.633 1.5 3.485
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.259 0.165 0.07 0.38 0.084 0.431 0.163 0.472 0.175
Rubin)
S(Stock-
2.705 4.092 4.764 1.899 4.424 1.7 3.42 1.383 3.182
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.259 0.129 0.092 0.387 0.109 0.427 0.181 0.501 0.204
Wright)
p(humid) 0.002 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0 0
p(temp) 0.037 0.002 0.069 0.003 0.095 0.015 0.003
p(natural 0.009 0.022 0.014 0.02 0.044 0.022 0.009
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.209 0.213 0.289 0.332 0.286 0.33 0.27 0.346 0.287
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.129] [0.137] [0.147] [0.169] [0.149] [0.172] [0.148] [0.166] [0.145]
Hosftede
individua 0.181 0.207 -0.002 0.041 -0.009 0.037 -0.044 -0.032 0
lism
[0.016] [0.019] [0.026] [0.026] [0.026] [0.026] [0.027] [0.028] [0.026]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.09 -0.076 -0.043 0.037 -0.045 0.036 0.012 0.046 -0.049
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.941] [1.228] [1.014] [1.153] [1.016] [1.173] [0.994] [1.101] [1.105]
Latitud 0.068 0.062 0.545 0.594 0.553 0.597 0.566 0.618 0.526
[1.808] [2.042] [3.438] [3.725] [3.535] [3.782] [3.602] [3.813] [3.995]
12.654** 14.420** 17.366** 14.485** 13.008** 14.536**
gendiv 12.554** 17.390** 16.628**
* * * * * *
[124.976 [161.746 [162.037 [217.911 [167.930 [223.467 [163.640 [217.596 [166.054
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
- - - - -
gendiv_s - - - -
12.598** 12.404** 14.371** 14.441** 14.488**
q 16.848** 16.881** 12.866** 16.158**
* * * * *
[117.518 [122.138 [159.736 [126.807 [164.665 [123.913 [159.269 [124.822
[93.301]
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
continent
-0.046 -0.137 -0.135 -0.109
==2
[0.709] [1.102] [1.120] [1.102]
continent
-0.06 -0.07 -0.069 0.094
==3
[0.922] [1.110] [1.132] [1.506]
continent
0.068 0.503 0.498 0.427
==4
[1.498] [2.652] [2.710] [2.630]
continent
-0.022 0.012 0.01 0.022
==5
[1.433] [2.353] [2.417] [2.433]
humid1 0.454 0.343 0.476 0.356 0.522 0.416 0.468
[0.047] [0.055] [0.045] [0.055] [0.046] [0.054] [0.053]
humid2 -0.126 -0.018 -0.142 -0.028 -0.163 -0.057 -0.137
[0.065] [0.085] [0.061] [0.085] [0.065] [0.086] [0.077]
humid3 -0.338 -0.183 -0.344 -0.188 -0.34 -0.243 -0.344
[0.050] [0.061] [0.049] [0.062] [0.049] [0.062] [0.053]
humid4 -0.001 -0.108 -0.001 -0.108 0.039 -0.016 0.01
[0.055] [0.068] [0.055] [0.068] [0.056] [0.074] [0.065]
temp1 -1.728* -1.562 -1.66 -1.525 -1.627* -1.547 -1.715*
[0.258] [0.266] [0.268] [0.275] [0.262] [0.275] [0.263]
temp2 0.259 0.078 0.244 0.071 0.35 0.13 0.274
[0.091] [0.105] [0.094] [0.107] [0.097] [0.108] [0.098]
temp3 0.563** 0.602** 0.548* 0.594** 0.498* 0.562* 0.553*
[0.111] [0.115] [0.110] [0.115] [0.114] [0.119] [0.115]
temp4 1.711** 1.707** 1.673** 1.685* 1.597* 1.674* 1.689**
[0.107] [0.109] [0.109] [0.111] [0.107] [0.111] [0.110]
temp5 0.008 -0.045 -0.003 -0.051 0.029 0.029 0.012
[0.073] [0.104] [0.074] [0.105] [0.076] [0.109] [0.071]
goldm -0.045 -0.094 -0.042 -0.093 -0.078 -0.126 -0.046
[0.019] [0.025] [0.020] [0.026] [0.021] [0.030] [0.019]
iron 0.164 0.230* 0.165 0.231* 0.225 0.257* 0.168
[0.122] [0.111] [0.122] [0.111] [0.133] [0.119] [0.122]
silv -0.19 -0.235* -0.2 -0.240* -0.164 -0.213 -0.194
[0.091] [0.089] [0.093] [0.091] [0.093] [0.087] [0.096]
zinc -0.002 -0.102 0.008 -0.096 -0.027 -0.099 -0.003
[0.115] [0.140] [0.114] [0.140] [0.116] [0.142] [0.115]
oilres -0.069 -0.084 -0.067 -0.084 -0.071 -0.079 -0.068
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.027 0.015
mar
[0.715] [0.738]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.202* -0.232
malaria
[0.055] [0.083]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.027
in
tropical
zones
[1.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.101 0.255* 0.095
[0.007] [0.011] [0.007]
0.517*** 0.530*** 0.528***
[0.003] [0.006] [0.003]
0.024 -0.021 0.019
[0.000] [0.001] [0.000]
- - -
0.246*** 0.311*** 0.249***
[0.032] [0.031] [0.033]

-0.008 -0.016 0.019
[0.089] [0.113] [0.086]
0.129* 0.145**
[0.022] [0.024]
- -
0.237*** 0.233***
[0.019] [0.020]
-0.103* -0.104*
[0.021] [0.021]
-
-0.096**
0.099***
[0.035] [0.036]
0.038 -0.023 0.035
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.128 0.174** 0.136*
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.111 0.079 0.12
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.202** -0.125 -0.212**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.541* 0.643* 0.521*
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007]
-0.204 -0.394** -0.227*
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]

-0.001 -0.02 0.014
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003]
-0.164 -0.236 -0.128
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003]
- -
-0.185*
0.278*** 0.279***
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]

0.044** 0.054* 0.045**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.034 -0.141** -0.047
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
0.061 0.045 0.053
[0.002] [0.004] [0.003]
0.021 0.059 0.039
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
0.03 0.060*** 0.028
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.004
[0.024]
0.045 -0.046
[0.032] [0.030]
0.931 0.888 0.931
70 70 70
0.569 0.873 0.507
0.001 0.002 0.001
1.937 5.179 1.947
0.38 0.075 0.378
1.906 4.744 1.889
0.386 0.093 0.389

0 0.01 0.001
0.004 0.077 0.001
0.024 0.014 0.034
-10 -11 -12

A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
0.319 0.326 0.345
[0.167] [0.147] [0.161]
0.051 -0.007 0.036

[0.026] [0.026] [0.026]
0.031 -0.059 0.031
[1.204] [1.014] [1.181]

0.494 0.634 0.619
[4.440] [3.890] [4.276]
18.204** 14.161**
17.245**
* *
[221.475 [165.330 [219.514
] ] ]
- -
-
17.624** 14.091**
16.747**
* *
[162.669 [124.436 [160.909
] ] ]
-0.127 -0.111
[1.133] [1.258]
-0.095 -0.061
[1.154] [1.174]
0.573 0.486
[2.540] [2.643]
0.023 0.012
[2.313] [2.386]
0.396 0.459 0.338
[0.058] [0.045] [0.056]
-0.057 -0.105 -0.009
[0.092] [0.065] [0.089]
-0.182 -0.317 -0.174
[0.061] [0.049] [0.063]
-0.08 -0.017 -0.118
[0.073] [0.056] [0.072]
-1.472 -1.739* -1.575
[0.278] [0.257] [0.267]
0.156 0.153 0.049
[0.115] [0.100] [0.109]
0.550* 0.596** 0.616**
[0.121] [0.111] [0.118]
1.566* 1.806** 1.738**
[0.116] [0.108] [0.110]
-0.026 -0.007 -0.044
[0.101] [0.075] [0.106]
-0.104 -0.044 -0.092
[0.024] [0.019] [0.025]
0.253* 0.12 0.21
[0.114] [0.136] [0.133]
-0.256* -0.222 -0.244
[0.089] [0.096] [0.102]
-0.118 0.052 -0.078
[0.141] [0.123] [0.155]
-0.082 -0.074 -0.086
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.14
[1.079]
-0.168 -0.063
[1.108] [1.253]
70 70 70
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 0.304 0.151 0.311** 0.127 0.287** 0.113 0.189 0.116 0.246*
[0.017] [0.013] [0.012] [0.009] [0.011] [0.009] [0.013] [0.009] [0.012]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.468*** 0.492*** 0.485*** 0.497*** 0.499*** 0.506*** 0.511*** 0.507*** 0.524***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.006] [0.005] [0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005]
Hosftede
individua 0.01 0.097 -0.068 0.011 -0.046 0.025 -0.044 -0.015 -0.065
lism
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.346*** 0.250*** 0.341*** 0.262*** 0.331*** 0.256*** 0.260*** 0.257*** 0.300***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.025] [0.042] [0.025] [0.037] [0.026] [0.037] [0.026] [0.035] [0.029]
Latitud 0.05 -0.022 0.082 0.043 0.074 0.036 0.136 0.053 0.224**
[0.053] [0.057] [0.090] [0.069] [0.090] [0.066] [0.082] [0.071] [0.089]
continent
0.1 0.08 0.082 0.092
==2
[0.024] [0.018] [0.019] [0.021]
continent - - - -
==3 0.162*** 0.228*** 0.227*** 0.172***
[0.027] [0.020] [0.020] [0.029]

continent
0.008 -0.108* -0.108* -0.121**
==4
[0.020] [0.022] [0.022] [0.022]
continent - - -
-0.039
==5 0.103*** 0.103*** 0.096***
[0.035] [0.027] [0.027] [0.029]

humid1 0.189 0.158 0.139 0.123 0.186 0.173 0.065
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid2 0.005 0.045 0.048 0.074 0.044 0.041 0.11
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
humid3 -0.123 -0.024 -0.106 -0.013 -0.08 -0.03 -0.047
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
humid4 -0.024 -0.128 -0.033 -0.133 -0.053 -0.105 -0.123
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
temp1 0.245 0.424 0.114 0.331 0.297 0.424 0.139
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
-
temp2 -0.318** -0.217 -0.306** -0.207 -0.324** -0.193
0.427***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]

temp3 0.074 0.021 0.106 0.043 0.051 0.012 0.160*
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
temp4 0.103 -0.018 0.188 0.041 0.067 -0.028 0.282
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002]
- - -
temp5 -0.092 -0.069 -0.064 -0.134*
0.257*** 0.240*** 0.235***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

goldm 0.056* 0.047** 0.051* 0.044** 0.03 0.034 0.059**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
iron -0.053 0.002 -0.058 -0.001 -0.032 0.01 -0.087*
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
silv -0.051 0.013 -0.031 0.028 -0.022 0.024 -0.019
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]
zinc 0.094 0.035 0.069 0.018 0.042 0.034 0.093
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
oilres 0.040** 0.027 0.038*** 0.026* 0.040*** 0.028* 0.033***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.052** -0.037
mar
[0.013] [0.013]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.084
0.142***
malaria
[0.002] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.179***
in
tropical
zones
[0.027]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.906 0.907 0.91 0.934 0.911 0.932 0.921 0.935 0.916
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.878 0.179 0.54 0.787 0.481 0.685 0.169 0.931 0.545
p(UID) 0.07 0.01 0.008 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.026 0.002 0.004
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 2.408 2.737 4.34 1.352 3.936 1.211 3.135 0.981 2.93
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.3 0.254 0.114 0.509 0.14 0.546 0.209 0.612 0.231
Rubin)
S(Stock-
2.556 2.988 4.004 1.356 3.637 1.248 3.169 0.929 2.767
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.279 0.224 0.135 0.508 0.162 0.536 0.205 0.629 0.251
Wright)
p(humid) 0.085 0.002 0.083 0.004 0.031 0.001 0.021
p(temp) 0.148 0 0.159 0.001 0.101 0.006 0.002
p(natural 0.092 0.027 0.077 0.021 0.141 0.033 0.028
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.407*** 0.374*** 0.379*** 0.408*** 0.375*** 0.401*** 0.369*** 0.414*** 0.360***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.090] [0.089] [0.076] [0.090] [0.076] [0.091] [0.075] [0.091] [0.076]
Hosftede
individua 0.133 0.183 0.251 0.284 0.24 0.269 0.226 0.247 0.266
lism
[0.011] [0.013] [0.017] [0.018] [0.016] [0.017] [0.017] [0.019] [0.017]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.103 0.143 0.179 0.269** 0.177 0.263** 0.208 0.270** 0.136
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.737] [0.701] [0.872][0.819] [0.869] [0.821] [0.879] [0.822] [0.851]
Latitud 0.327** 0.077 0.282 0.125 0.295 0.137 0.291 0.133 0.112
[1.399] [1.502] [2.315][2.529] [2.331] [2.547] [2.416] [2.581] [2.754]
11.987** 12.085** 11.670**
gendiv 5.095* 5.860* 8.913*** 9.028*** 8.229** 9.776***
* * *
[101.810 [120.002 [122.751 [121.812
[87.329] [94.347] [95.772] [97.560] [96.815]
] ] ] ]
- - -
gendiv_s - - -
-5.240* -6.366* 12.197** 12.327** -8.349** 11.907**
q 9.088*** 9.211*** 9.961***
* * *
[64.760] [75.602] [70.492] [88.622] [71.658] [91.066] [73.195] [89.843] [72.458]
continent
0.453*** 0.365* 0.374* 0.380*
==2
[0.597] [0.791] [0.795] [0.810]
continent
0.105 0.051 0.054 0.13
==3
[0.640] [0.693] [0.693] [0.853]
continent
-0.17 0.188 0.168 0.143
==4
[0.935] [1.548] [1.580] [1.522]
continent
-0.098 -0.074 -0.081 -0.071
==5
[0.975] [1.534] [1.593] [1.577]
humid1 -0.267 -0.529 -0.233 -0.481 -0.235 -0.497 -0.122
[0.030] [0.036] [0.031] [0.037] [0.030] [0.037] [0.035]
humid2 0.462** 0.592** 0.436** 0.554** 0.443** 0.572** 0.358
[0.045] [0.057] [0.048] [0.059] [0.045] [0.058] [0.052]
humid3 0.267 0.485 0.259 0.469 0.275 0.461 0.187
[0.031] [0.040] [0.031] [0.040] [0.032] [0.041] [0.033]
humid4 -0.346 -0.535* -0.347 -0.533* -0.327 -0.49 -0.241
[0.038] [0.045] [0.038] [0.045] [0.038] [0.047] [0.041]
temp1 -0.002 0.113 0.103 0.256 0.042 0.11 0.143
[0.165] [0.170] [0.171] [0.179] [0.172] [0.175] [0.178]
temp2 -0.424 -0.412 -0.446 -0.436 -0.362 -0.373 -0.308
[0.070] [0.083] [0.072] [0.083] [0.075] [0.086] [0.074]
temp3 0.134 0.18 0.111 0.147 0.102 0.164 0.028
[0.071] [0.076] [0.072] [0.077] [0.075] [0.079] [0.082]
temp4 0.379 0.252 0.318 0.167 0.316 0.236 0.169
[0.064] [0.068] [0.066] [0.071] [0.067] [0.070] [0.073]
temp5 -0.152 -0.161 -0.17 -0.187 -0.142 -0.126 -0.115
[0.057] [0.066] [0.058] [0.067] [0.059] [0.069] [0.059]
goldm -0.019 -0.054 -0.015 -0.049 -0.039 -0.07 -0.026
[0.019] [0.021] [0.018] [0.021] [0.019] [0.022] [0.017]
iron -0.17 -0.092 -0.17 -0.089 -0.138 -0.079 -0.141
[0.103] [0.095] [0.105] [0.099] [0.109] [0.098] [0.110]
silv 0.079 0.106 0.064 0.089 0.096 0.121 0.043
[0.071] [0.085] [0.074] [0.083] [0.075] [0.086] [0.079]
zinc -0.121 -0.202 -0.105 -0.18 -0.136 -0.2 -0.128
[0.112] [0.119] [0.115] [0.119] [0.115] [0.121] [0.118]
oilres 0.02 -0.008 0.021 -0.006 0.017 -0.007 0.03
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.042 0.057
mar
[0.578] [0.641]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.112 -0.113
malaria
[0.037] [0.044]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.244
in
tropical
zones
[0.776]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.11 0.280** 0.124
[0.009] [0.011] [0.009]
0.511*** 0.514*** 0.515***
[0.003] [0.005] [0.003]
0.007 -0.061 0.004
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
- - -
0.254*** 0.340*** 0.266***
[0.038] [0.025] [0.037]

0.093 0.135 0.077
[0.069] [0.092] [0.075]
0.078 0.109*
[0.020] [0.021]
- -
0.221*** 0.221***
[0.021] [0.021]
-0.112* -0.107*
[0.022] [0.022]
- -
0.102*** 0.097***
[0.028] [0.030]
0.118 0.184 0.148
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.079 0.028 0.062
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
-0.003 -0.106 -0.006
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.156* -0.043 -0.145
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.382 0.239 0.415
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
-0.254* -0.388** -0.257*
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003]

0.052 0.093 0.039
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
0.049 0.161 0.02
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
- -
-0.098
0.272*** 0.259***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.049** 0.056* 0.048**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.011 -0.078 -0.022
[0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
0.024 -0.064 0.001
[0.002] [0.004] [0.002]
0.038 0.114 0.064
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
0.025* 0.038*** 0.025*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.064
[0.024]
-0.08 -0.077
[0.032] [0.033]
0.931 0.91 0.933
71 71 71
0.99 0.462 0.932
0 0.003 0.002
1.152 4.208 1.317
0.562 0.122 0.518
1.143 3.992 1.321
0.565 0.136 0.516

0.006 0.045 0
0 0.09 0
0.021 0.046 0.022
-10 -11 -12

A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
0.370*** 0.300** 0.355***
[0.080] [0.078] [0.088]
0.319 0.261 0.301

[0.018] [0.018] [0.019]
0.260** 0.211 0.291**
[0.683] [0.853] [0.812]

-0.166 0.092 0.02
[3.052] [2.525] [2.788]
14.397** 12.507**
9.511***
* *
[127.682 [109.247
[87.747]
] ]
- -
-
14.405** 12.642**
9.730***
* *
[94.278] [66.423] [82.286]
0.392* 0.26
[0.755] [0.806]
-0.027 0.016
[0.659] [0.729]
0.427 0.252
[1.350] [1.484]
-0.035 -0.077
[1.466] [1.522]
-0.359 -0.28 -0.514
[0.036] [0.032] [0.037]
0.475* 0.418* 0.556**
[0.055] [0.050] [0.059]
0.471 0.228 0.452
[0.038] [0.035] [0.042]
-0.450* -0.313 -0.498*
[0.043] [0.041] [0.047]
0.427 0.015 0.153
[0.176] [0.168] [0.172]
-0.214 -0.191 -0.282
[0.081] [0.086] [0.092]
0.011 0.066 0.129
[0.082] [0.072] [0.076]
-0.177 0.178 0.125
[0.075] [0.066] [0.069]
-0.099 -0.121 -0.164
[0.064] [0.055] [0.065]
-0.083 -0.021 -0.063
[0.018] [0.018] [0.021]
-0.019 -0.077 -0.014
[0.101] [0.117] [0.105]
0.032 0.146 0.145
[0.088] [0.082] [0.092]
-0.247 -0.236 -0.301
[0.128] [0.120] [0.127]
0.001 0.03 -0.001
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.425**
[0.701]
0.358 0.257
[0.944] [0.882]
71 71 71
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 0.258 0.012 0.346 0.165 0.291 0.156 0.218 0.148 0.343
[0.028] [0.022] [0.031] [0.021] [0.027] [0.020] [0.031] [0.022] [0.038]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.512*** 0.551*** 0.513*** 0.504*** 0.536*** 0.512*** 0.528*** 0.513*** 0.513***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.007] [0.005] [0.007] [0.004] [0.006] [0.004] [0.006] [0.004] [0.008]
Hosftede
individua -0.049 0.113 -0.126 -0.022 -0.078 0 -0.082 -0.038 -0.125
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.333*** 0.224*** 0.290*** 0.241*** 0.279*** 0.236*** 0.233*** 0.238*** 0.293***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.033] [0.043] [0.030] [0.034] [0.029] [0.033] [0.026] [0.031] [0.030]
Latitud 0.166** -0.012 0.051 -0.002 0.045 -0.015 0.114 0.011 0.041
[0.056] [0.067] [0.117] [0.089] [0.116] [0.085] [0.107] [0.093] [0.188]
continent
0.151** 0.115 0.112 0.122*
==2
[0.024] [0.024] [0.024] [0.025]
continent - - - -
==3 0.180*** 0.234*** 0.230*** 0.191***
[0.028] [0.019] [0.019] [0.026]

continent
0.027 -0.115* -0.116* -0.124*
==4
[0.023] [0.025] [0.024] [0.024]
continent -
-0.036 -0.123** -0.116**
==5 0.123***
[0.039] [0.048] [0.044] [0.049]

humid1 0.167 0.139 0.083 0.089 0.172 0.151 0.178
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
humid2 0.088 0.078 0.153* 0.115 0.095 0.073 0.081
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.003]
humid3 -0.036 0.025 -0.019 0.035 -0.028 0.018 -0.042
[0.002] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
humid4 -0.073 -0.154 -0.083 -0.153 -0.083 -0.135 -0.066
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
temp1 0.198 0.425* -0.024 0.281 0.264 0.426* 0.207
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.007]
- - - -
temp2 -0.329** -0.301** -0.300**
0.613*** 0.549*** 0.510*** 0.605***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003]

temp3 0.221** 0.086 0.254** 0.116 0.145 0.073 0.213**
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003]
temp4 0.239 0.018 0.369 0.105 0.155 0.008 0.226
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.003]
- - -
temp5 -0.089 -0.049 -0.064 -0.086
0.273*** 0.247*** 0.254***
[0.003] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.003]

goldm 0.059** 0.046** 0.050* 0.041** 0.033 0.035 0.058**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
iron -0.082 0.006 -0.085 0.002 -0.052 0.012 -0.079
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
silv -0.003 0.042 0.026 0.061 0.006 0.048 -0.005
[0.005] [0.002] [0.004] [0.002] [0.004] [0.002] [0.005]
zinc 0.021 -0.003 -0.011 -0.026 0 -0.001 0.021
[0.006] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.006]
oilres 0.071*** 0.038** 0.064*** 0.036** 0.060*** 0.038** 0.072**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.090** -0.057*
mar
[0.019] [0.016]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.066
0.133***
malaria
[0.002] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.016
in
tropical
zones
[0.060]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.85 0.879 0.857 0.93 0.877 0.932 0.896 0.931 0.855
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.863 0.135 0.529 0.842 0.433 0.964 0.212 0.766 0.521
p(UID) 0.073 0.136 0.099 0.11 0.06 0.089 0.219 0.134 0.192
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 2.408 2.737 4.34 1.352 3.936 1.211 3.135 0.981 2.93
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.3 0.254 0.114 0.509 0.14 0.546 0.209 0.612 0.231
Rubin)
S(Stock-
2.556 2.988 4.004 1.356 3.637 1.248 3.169 0.929 2.767
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.279 0.224 0.135 0.508 0.162 0.536 0.205 0.629 0.251
Wright)
p(humid) 0.004 0 0.001 0 0 0 0.004
p(temp) 0.024 0.006 0.018 0.005 0.087 0.028 0.002
p(natural 0.028 0.084 0.052 0.067 0.133 0.12 0.048
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.290* 0.333** 0.258 0.283 0.239 0.265 0.245 0.295 0.289
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.066] [0.070] [0.079] [0.087] [0.075] [0.083] [0.079] [0.084] [0.083]
Hosftede
individua 0.395** 0.341* 0.402* 0.376 0.355 0.335 0.371 0.311 0.376*
lism
[0.008] [0.009] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.098 0.07 0.026 0.104 0.014 0.085 0.061 0.104 0.098
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.528] [0.449] [0.740] [0.724] [0.730] [0.723] [0.733] [0.729] [0.753]
Latitud -0.023 0.028 0.353 0.42 0.407 0.453 0.364 0.434 0.635*
[1.034] [1.187] [1.631] [1.685] [1.832] [1.839] [1.661] [1.676] [1.868]
gendiv 4.774 7.502 7.403 10.049 7.88 10.333 6.551 9.481 5.974
[130.341 [103.011 [135.709 [102.480 [129.739 [103.138
[79.586] [97.479] [99.050]
] ] ] ] ] ]
gendiv_s
-4.998 -7.448 -7.582 -9.846 -8.091 -10.224 -6.661 -9.327 -6.138
q
[101.728
[59.139] [73.147] [73.934] [97.693] [77.090] [76.912] [96.943] [77.247]
]
continent
-0.011 0.012 0.038 0.039
==2
[0.548] [0.765] [0.703] [0.758]
continent
0.09 0.006 0.016 0.149
==3
[0.598] [0.736] [0.682] [0.880]
continent
0.323 0.482 0.423 0.4
==4
[0.816] [1.093] [1.066] [1.145]
continent
0.063 0.154 0.133 0.16
==5
[0.735] [1.264] [1.218] [1.302]
humid1 -0.176 -0.327 -0.034 -0.188 -0.136 -0.268 -0.417
[0.031] [0.035] [0.028] [0.032] [0.031] [0.037] [0.033]
humid2 0.172 0.31 0.066 0.199 0.149 0.274 0.343
[0.045] [0.051] [0.039] [0.045] [0.045] [0.054] [0.047]
humid3 -0.01 0.179 -0.046 0.13 0 0.136 0.122
[0.033] [0.037] [0.031] [0.034] [0.032] [0.039] [0.033]
humid4 -0.175 -0.32 -0.177 -0.313 -0.15 -0.24 -0.349
[0.037] [0.042] [0.034] [0.039] [0.037] [0.045] [0.038]
temp1 0.125 0.103 0.561 0.517 0.18 0.096 -0.115
[0.175] [0.179] [0.179] [0.182] [0.177] [0.181] [0.176]
temp2 0.449 0.363 0.36 0.292 0.526 0.432 0.257
[0.051] [0.059] [0.050] [0.056] [0.051] [0.059] [0.054]
temp3 -0.308 -0.234 -0.404 -0.331 -0.348 -0.264 -0.133
[0.078] [0.080] [0.078] [0.081] [0.080] [0.084] [0.079]
temp4 -0.046 -0.042 -0.301 -0.287 -0.125 -0.069 0.301
[0.072] [0.076] [0.074] [0.079] [0.073] [0.078] [0.074]
temp5 -0.116 -0.042 -0.191 -0.118 -0.103 0.02 -0.179
[0.050] [0.064] [0.049] [0.060] [0.051] [0.066] [0.050]
goldm -0.025 -0.047 -0.009 -0.03 -0.049 -0.075 -0.014
[0.013] [0.017] [0.013] [0.017] [0.013] [0.017] [0.013]
iron -0.063 -0.096 -0.06 -0.088 -0.022 -0.073 -0.112
[0.075] [0.090] [0.076] [0.091] [0.079] [0.093] [0.072]
silv -0.069 -0.12 -0.132 -0.171 -0.048 -0.095 -0.009
[0.094] [0.098] [0.089] [0.095] [0.092] [0.093] [0.098]
zinc 0.093 0.083 0.16 0.147 0.075 0.085 0.106
[0.109] [0.127] [0.110] [0.129] [0.110] [0.130] [0.104]
oilres -0.073 -0.078 -0.066 -0.072 -0.075 -0.075 -0.091*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.174 0.164
mar
[0.381] [0.403]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.14 -0.203
malaria
[0.039] [0.052]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.404*
in
tropical
zones
[0.620]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.204 0.389 0.168
[0.026] [0.037] [0.021]
0.486*** 0.478*** 0.502***
[0.005] [0.009] [0.004]
-0.028 -0.142 -0.023
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
- - -
0.248*** 0.285*** 0.241***
[0.034] [0.031] [0.034]

-0.068 -0.024 -0.005
[0.134] [0.160] [0.104]
0.123 0.114
[0.027] [0.027]
- -
0.241*** 0.234***
[0.018] [0.019]
-0.114 -0.115*
[0.025] [0.025]
-0.129** -0.124**
[0.050] [0.050]
0.179 0.171 0.139
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.045 0.068 0.076
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.01 -0.048 0.025
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.124 -0.054 -0.152
[0.002] [0.002] [0.001]
0.469** 0.2 0.426*
[0.005] [0.007] [0.005]
-
-0.313** -0.329**
0.556***
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]

0.068 0.214* 0.086
[0.002] [0.004] [0.002]
-0.046 0.179 0.017
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
- -
-0.082
0.262*** 0.274***
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]

0.044** 0.059** 0.046**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.021 -0.053 0.007
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
0.037 0.021 0.043
[0.002] [0.005] [0.003]
-0.015 -0.016 -0.005
[0.004] [0.007] [0.005]
0.043* 0.077*** 0.039**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.066
[0.037]
0.108 0.003
[0.057] [0.039]
0.927 0.842 0.928
71 71 71
0.978 0.624 0.848
0.255 0.14 0.137
1.152 4.208 1.317
0.562 0.122 0.518
1.143 3.992 1.321
0.565 0.136 0.516

0 0.024 0
0.005 0.029 0.002
0.119 0.049 0.115
-10 -11 -12

A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
0.319 0.308 0.335*
[0.089] [0.091] [0.087]

0.342 0.395* 0.359
[0.011] [0.010] [0.011]
0.112 0.006 0.082
[0.712] [0.769] [0.731]

0.698* 0.473 0.524
[2.098] [1.873] [1.920]
7.752 7.025 9.532
[135.785 [104.055 [135.594
] ] ]
-7.742 -7.177 -9.404
[101.584 [101.006
[77.546]
] ]
-0.013 0.116
[0.768] [0.829]
0.08 0.04
[0.749] [0.732]
0.254 0.419
[1.044] [1.123]
0.118 0.157
[1.207] [1.270]
-0.489 -0.168 -0.342
[0.037] [0.030] [0.035]
0.421 0.199 0.345
[0.053] [0.044] [0.050]
0.192 0.015 0.212
[0.037] [0.033] [0.036]
-0.401 -0.195 -0.357
[0.043] [0.036] [0.042]
-0.196 0.114 0.063
[0.185] [0.176] [0.181]
0.176 0.302 0.234
[0.061] [0.054] [0.059]
-0.072 -0.265 -0.183
[0.082] [0.080] [0.082]
0.367 0.08 0.085
[0.079] [0.074] [0.078]
-0.101 -0.136 -0.039
[0.063] [0.051] [0.063]
-0.02 -0.024 -0.039
[0.016] [0.013] [0.017]
-0.166 -0.122 -0.174
[0.085] [0.087] [0.109]
-0.05 -0.112 -0.159
[0.101] [0.093] [0.099]
0.126 0.166 0.182
[0.121] [0.117] [0.144]
-0.087* -0.079 -0.085
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.405
[0.696]
-0.226 -0.255
[0.737] [0.873]
71 71 71
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
Log Log Log Log Log Log Log Log Log
Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso
per per per per per per per per per
cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A1_8500 0.255*** 0.18 0.273** 0.199** 0.271** 0.199* 0.181 0.200** 0.244**
[0.121] [0.165] [0.143] [0.129] [0.145] [0.133] [0.149] [0.132] [0.152]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.437*** 0.402*** 0.462*** 0.429*** 0.463*** 0.429*** 0.453*** 0.434*** 0.475***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.048] [0.047] [0.047] [0.039] [0.046] [0.039] [0.044] [0.040] [0.045]
Hosftede
individua 0.042 0.094 -0.044 -0.007 -0.041 -0.006 -0.046 -0.029 -0.05
lism
[0.004] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - -
n -0.150* -0.127 -0.127 -0.171** -0.126
0.250*** 0.215*** 0.214*** 0.193***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.289] [0.403] [0.326] [0.384] [0.325] [0.383] [0.336] [0.374] [0.329]
Latitud 0.299*** 0.159 0.362*** 0.262** 0.360*** 0.261** 0.373*** 0.267** 0.458***
[0.562] [0.708] [0.778] [0.799] [0.776] [0.792] [0.819] [0.825] [0.912]
continent
0.220** 0.207** 0.207** 0.214**
==2
[0.255] [0.262] [0.260] [0.268]
continent
-0.097 -0.148** -0.147** -0.102
==3
[0.274] [0.221] [0.220] [0.277]
continent
0.107 0.038 0.038 0.027
==4
[0.325] [0.313] [0.312] [0.312]
continent
0 -0.056 -0.056 -0.051
==5
[0.386] [0.459] [0.458] [0.471]
humid1 0.407** 0.332** 0.400** 0.329* 0.458*** 0.345** 0.327*
[0.014] [0.013] [0.015] [0.014] [0.013] [0.013] [0.014]
humid2 -0.11 -0.079 -0.105 -0.077 -0.126 -0.087 -0.049
[0.021] [0.020] [0.022] [0.022] [0.019] [0.020] [0.019]
humid3 -0.267 -0.147 -0.266 -0.146 -0.277 -0.155 -0.226
[0.017] [0.015] [0.017] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015]
humid4 -0.033 -0.148 -0.033 -0.147 -0.008 -0.125 -0.091
[0.019] [0.018] [0.019] [0.018] [0.017] [0.018] [0.018]
temp1 0.396 0.494 0.374 0.485 0.397 0.495 0.3
[0.089] [0.083] [0.092] [0.087] [0.084] [0.083] [0.087]
- - - -
temp2 -0.440** -0.438** -0.419**
0.588*** 0.583*** 0.505*** 0.639***
[0.031] [0.029] [0.032] [0.031] [0.028] [0.030] [0.028]

temp3 0.082 0.052 0.087 0.054 0.05 0.044 0.146
[0.038] [0.034] [0.038] [0.034] [0.036] [0.035] [0.036]
temp4 0.248 0.086 0.261 0.092 0.204 0.076 0.377
[0.037] [0.034] [0.037] [0.034] [0.035] [0.034] [0.036]
temp5 -0.151 -0.205 -0.147 -0.203 -0.134 -0.188 -0.186
[0.026] [0.026] [0.027] [0.026] [0.024] [0.026] [0.025]
goldm 0.053 0.051 0.053 0.051 0.044 0.041 0.06
[0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009]
iron -0.08 -0.005 -0.08 -0.005 -0.047 0.001 -0.101*
[0.032] [0.032] [0.032] [0.032] [0.030] [0.033] [0.031]
silv -0.113 -0.075 -0.11 -0.074 -0.095 -0.068 -0.091
[0.039] [0.033] [0.040] [0.034] [0.037] [0.033] [0.038]
zinc 0.13 0.081 0.126 0.08 0.102 0.081 0.136
[0.043] [0.042] [0.044] [0.043] [0.041] [0.043] [0.042]
oilres 0.142*** 0.107*** 0.141*** 0.107*** 0.121*** 0.108*** 0.130***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.009 -0.003
mar
[0.222] [0.226]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.123** -0.066
malaria
[0.018] [0.022]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.143
in
tropical
zones
[0.361]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.759 0.787 0.78 0.816 0.776 0.813 0.809 0.815 0.789
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.894 0.22 0.398 0.036 0.395 0.035 0.279 0.039 0.43
p(UID) 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 0.001
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 6.241 7.165 6.134 10.61 5.804 10.544 3.957 9.989 4.429
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.044 0.028 0.047 0.005 0.055 0.005 0.138 0.007 0.109
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.657 4.827 5.085 8.862 4.78 8.842 3.502 8.111 3.761
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.059 0.089 0.079 0.012 0.092 0.012 0.174 0.017 0.153
Wright)
p(humid) 0.023 0.007 0.044 0.016 0.006 0.005 0.026
p(temp) 0.013 0.012 0.026 0.032 0.046 0.025 0.001
p(natural 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.013 0.001 0.004 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.05 0.045 0.027 0.065 0.032 0.067 0.032 0.064 0.039
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.069] [0.067] [0.077] [0.076] [0.078] [0.076] [0.078] [0.077] [0.077]
Hosftede
individua 0.203 0.245 0.224 0.231 0.236 0.235 0.236 0.237 0.214
lism
[0.007] [0.009] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.149 0.143 0.058 0.068 0.062 0.07 0.044 0.068 0.086
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.502] [0.509] [0.594] [0.751] [0.590] [0.752] [0.617] [0.758] [0.582]
Latitud -0.014 -0.301 -0.053 -0.35 -0.068 -0.353 -0.058 -0.352 0.056
[0.946] [1.097] [1.390] [1.675] [1.413] [1.685] [1.414] [1.691] [1.628]
10.810** 11.881** 14.444** 12.229** 14.495**
gendiv 8.293** 11.748** 14.422** 11.329**
* * * * *
[55.145] [58.426] [74.574] [89.078] [75.662] [90.385] [73.375] [90.004] [77.962]
- - - - - -
gendiv_s - - -
11.850** 12.391** 15.616** 15.586** 12.767** 15.662**
q 8.844*** 12.250** 11.833**
* * * * * *
[41.446] [42.312] [56.456] [65.147] [57.362] [66.295] [55.560] [65.803] [59.040]
continent
0.569*** 0.692*** 0.690*** 0.689***
==2
[0.323] [0.441] [0.451] [0.452]
continent
0.272** 0.283 0.282 0.27
==3
[0.360] [0.518] [0.523] [0.538]
continent
-0.203 -0.289 -0.284 -0.282
==4
[0.760] [1.103] [1.107] [1.134]
continent
-0.148 -0.163 -0.161 -0.163
==5
[0.901] [1.260] [1.278] [1.272]
humid1 0.163 -0.116 0.123 -0.127 0.146 -0.122 0.07
[0.023] [0.020] [0.023] [0.021] [0.023] [0.021] [0.024]
humid2 0.057 0.139 0.086 0.148 0.066 0.143 0.123
[0.035] [0.032] [0.035] [0.033] [0.035] [0.033] [0.039]
humid3 -0.19 -0.091 -0.18 -0.087 -0.194 -0.087 -0.139
[0.026] [0.022] [0.025] [0.022] [0.025] [0.022] [0.026]
humid4 0.07 -0.054 0.071 -0.054 0.06 -0.061 0.003
[0.028] [0.030] [0.028] [0.030] [0.028] [0.031] [0.030]
temp1 -0.47 -0.477 -0.592 -0.51 -0.493 -0.477 -0.563
[0.153] [0.153] [0.151] [0.162] [0.151] [0.154] [0.146]
temp2 0.311 0.418 0.335 0.423 0.279 0.412 0.236
[0.059] [0.061] [0.059] [0.063] [0.064] [0.064] [0.063]
temp3 0.043 0.09 0.069 0.098 0.059 0.093 0.11
[0.057] [0.057] [0.057] [0.059] [0.057] [0.059] [0.059]
temp4 0.25 0.147 0.321 0.166 0.282 0.149 0.384
[0.055] [0.058] [0.056] [0.061] [0.055] [0.059] [0.054]
temp5 -0.132 -0.08 -0.111 -0.074 -0.137 -0.086 -0.156
[0.050] [0.046] [0.050] [0.047] [0.050] [0.047] [0.052]
goldm 0.123 0.118 0.119 0.117 0.133 0.121 0.128
[0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.014] [0.015] [0.013]
iron -0.072 -0.024 -0.073 -0.025 -0.089 -0.026 -0.091
[0.095] [0.086] [0.096] [0.087] [0.099] [0.087] [0.097]
silv 0.001 0.08 0.019 0.084 -0.007 0.078 0.025
[0.061] [0.062] [0.063] [0.065] [0.063] [0.063] [0.061]
zinc -0.064 -0.083 -0.083 -0.088 -0.056 -0.083 -0.059
[0.101] [0.086] [0.100] [0.086] [0.102] [0.087] [0.102]
- - -
oilres -0.207** -0.209** -0.206** -0.214**
0.229*** 0.229*** 0.229***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
-0.048 -0.013
mar
[0.410] [0.362]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.057 0.018
malaria
[0.048] [0.045]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.156
in
tropical
zones
[0.651]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso
per per per
cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital
2000 2000 2000
0.189* 0.296*** 0.188*

[0.132] [0.146] [0.129]
0.436*** 0.434*** 0.415***
[0.039] [0.050] [0.041]
-0.013 -0.047 -0.002
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
-
-0.122 -0.122
0.207***
[0.391] [0.333] [0.380]

0.304** 0.295** 0.233*
[0.913] [0.854] [0.865]
0.205** 0.188*
[0.268] [0.299]
-0.141** -0.156**
[0.228] [0.225]
0.036 0.041
[0.310] [0.308]
-0.054 -0.059
[0.460] [0.459]
0.301* 0.398** 0.341**
[0.013] [0.014] [0.013]
-0.055 -0.127 -0.092
[0.019] [0.021] [0.019]
-0.133 -0.277 -0.161
[0.014] [0.017] [0.015]
-0.168 -0.022 -0.136
[0.017] [0.020] [0.018]
0.449 0.414 0.495
[0.082] [0.091] [0.082]
-0.463** -0.508** -0.401**
[0.030] [0.033] [0.030]

0.079 0.057 0.036
[0.034] [0.039] [0.034]
0.146 0.17 0.056
[0.034] [0.038] [0.033]
-0.218* -0.14 -0.201
[0.026] [0.026] [0.025]
0.054 0.05 0.052
[0.008] [0.009] [0.008]
-0.016 -0.046 0.017
[0.033] [0.037] [0.036]
-0.067 -0.089 -0.063
[0.033] [0.040] [0.034]
0.087 0.091 0.056
[0.042] [0.047] [0.046]
0.103*** 0.151*** 0.107***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.059
[0.310]
0.128 0.066
[0.320] [0.380]
0.816 0.77 0.816
71 71 71
0.047 0.427 0.023
0 0 0
9.307 7.115 10.557
0.01 0.029 0.005
8.276 5.883 9.487
0.016 0.053 0.009

0.01 0.037 0.007
0.009 0.079 0.041
0.004 0.001 0.007
-10 -11 -12

A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
0.079 -0.018 0.11
[0.078] [0.087] [0.086]
0.218 0.23 0.216

[0.012] [0.012] [0.012]
0.071 0.076 0.049
[0.750] [0.594] [0.762]

-0.242 -0.161 -0.26
[1.719] [1.619] [1.678]
13.550** 12.221** 13.997**
[95.762] [77.279] [90.010]
- -
-
12.757** 15.233**
14.797**
* *
[69.273] [58.410] [65.879]
0.682*** 0.781***
[0.450] [0.531]
0.311 0.312
[0.566] [0.568]
-0.378 -0.343
[1.204] [1.141]
-0.177 -0.16
[1.276] [1.237]
-0.18 0.155 -0.13
[0.021] [0.022] [0.021]
0.183 0.032 0.17
[0.033] [0.035] [0.034]
-0.085 -0.213 -0.062
[0.022] [0.025] [0.023]
-0.085 0.089 -0.086
[0.029] [0.029] [0.030]
-0.594 -0.461 -0.512
[0.151] [0.153] [0.155]
0.345 0.444 0.306
[0.064] [0.066] [0.066]
0.153 0.004 0.135
[0.060] [0.060] [0.059]
0.306 0.136 0.256
[0.059] [0.057] [0.059]
-0.103 -0.114 -0.078
[0.047] [0.049] [0.047]
0.129 0.123 0.126
[0.014] [0.013] [0.014]
-0.051 -0.019 -0.092
[0.088] [0.104] [0.093]
0.108 0.04 0.047
[0.066] [0.064] [0.062]
-0.066 -0.129 0.003
[0.087] [0.103] [0.089]
-
-0.201** -0.235**
0.232***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.157
[0.578]
0.204 -0.221
[0.769] [0.667]
71 71 71
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A2_8500 1.21 0.854* 1.682 1.767 1.938 1.474 1.536 1.709 1.423
[0.849] [0.400] [1.434] [0.945] [1.600] [0.729] [1.267] [0.928] [1.208]
Total
years of
schoolin -0.051 0.057 -0.117 -0.21 -0.202 -0.091 -0.086 -0.193 -0.006
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.249] [0.118] [0.331] [0.213] [0.361] [0.161] [0.293] [0.213] [0.277]
Hosftede
individua -0.175 -0.006 -0.543 -0.35 -0.555 -0.258 -0.492 -0.318 -0.476
lism
[0.014] [0.007] [0.029] [0.016] [0.031] [0.012] [0.025] [0.014] [0.024]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.212** -0.127 -0.258** -0.136 -0.235* -0.122 -0.201* -0.137 -0.210**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.480] [0.391] [0.505] [0.701] [0.586] [0.561] [0.494] [0.671] [0.463]
Latitud -0.109 -0.017 -0.183 -0.23 -0.314 -0.182 -0.126 -0.219 0.073
[1.766] [0.756] [3.880] [2.361] [4.453] [1.967] [3.509] [2.349] [3.271]
continent
0.004 -0.234 -0.153 -0.224
==2
[0.486] [1.034] [0.798] [1.044]
continent -
-0.132 -0.269** -0.311*
==3 0.245***
[0.347] [0.400] [0.314] [0.572]

continent
0.092 -0.022 -0.005 -0.007
==4
[0.233] [0.533] [0.437] [0.504]
continent
-0.07 -0.203 -0.174 -0.202
==5
[0.510] [1.192] [0.958] [1.219]
humid1 0.452* 0.469* 0.303 0.358* 0.466** 0.452* 0.296
[0.020] [0.021] [0.028] [0.017] [0.018] [0.020] [0.016]
humid2 -0.28 -0.32 -0.202 -0.209 -0.273 -0.304 -0.142
[0.038] [0.044] [0.037] [0.033] [0.034] [0.041] [0.030]
humid3 -0.303 -0.309 -0.268 -0.262 -0.295 -0.295 -0.221
[0.020] [0.026] [0.025] [0.020] [0.018] [0.024] [0.017]
humid4 0.155 0.15 0.17 0.1 0.149 0.117 0.02
[0.030] [0.039] [0.034] [0.032] [0.027] [0.036] [0.027]
temp1 1.006 1.346 0.753 0.91 0.993 1.314 0.745
[0.198] [0.164] [0.192] [0.126] [0.174] [0.161] [0.174]
temp2 -0.7 -0.810* -0.669 -0.687** -0.639 -0.816* -0.779**
[0.066] [0.066] [0.069] [0.049] [0.059] [0.068] [0.058]
temp3 0.263 0.198 0.377 0.237 0.219 0.2 0.35
[0.071] [0.063] [0.096] [0.052] [0.065] [0.062] [0.061]
temp4 -0.004 -0.166 0.15 0.044 -0.053 -0.148 0.264
[0.058] [0.054] [0.062] [0.043] [0.051] [0.052] [0.053]
temp5 -0.377 -0.536 -0.34 -0.429* -0.335 -0.541 -0.405*
[0.056] [0.067] [0.055] [0.052] [0.051] [0.070] [0.048]
goldm 0.443 0.431* 0.485 0.363* 0.392 0.430* 0.395
[0.090] [0.054] [0.098] [0.041] [0.080] [0.055] [0.076]
iron -0.216 -0.093 -0.251 -0.083 -0.18 -0.096 -0.234
[0.118] [0.064] [0.134] [0.052] [0.109] [0.065] [0.102]
silv 0.052 0.082 0.128 0.095 0.053 0.07 0.065
[0.082] [0.068] [0.106] [0.058] [0.070] [0.064] [0.070]
zinc -0.002 -0.21 -0.095 -0.205 -0.025 -0.2 0.028
[0.095] [0.132] [0.123] [0.107] [0.079] [0.129] [0.078]
oilres 0.03 0.009 0.016 0.014 0.033 0.01 0.027
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.15 -0.109
mar
[0.574] [0.286]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.118* 0.064
malaria
[0.020] [0.039]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.258*
in
tropical
zones
[0.458]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.626 0.759 0.534 0.509 0.378 0.676 0.616 0.536 0.675
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.189 0.883 0.207 0.398 0.36 0.222 0.346 0.342 0.238
p(UID) 0.496 0.168 0.724 0.483 0.713 0.401 0.715 0.495 0.699
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 6.241 7.165 6.134 10.61 5.804 10.544 3.957 9.989 4.429
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.044 0.028 0.047 0.005 0.055 0.005 0.138 0.007 0.109
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.657 4.827 5.085 8.862 4.78 8.842 3.502 8.111 3.761
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.059 0.089 0.079 0.012 0.092 0.012 0.174 0.017 0.153
Wright)
p(humid) 0.465 0.412 0.894 0.526 0.329 0.395 0.51
p(temp) 0.483 0.535 0.639 0.383 0.466 0.536 0.123
p(natural 0.154 0.107 0.462 0.097 0.115 0.103 0.217
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.458*** 0.429*** 0.371*** 0.374*** 0.365*** 0.366*** 0.369*** 0.378*** 0.368***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.058] [0.057] [0.051] [0.056] [0.051] [0.057] [0.052] [0.058] [0.052]
Hosftede
individua 0.202** 0.148 0.263* 0.226 0.247 0.208 0.258 0.203 0.266*
lism
[0.006] [0.008] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.047 -0.003 -0.025 0.016 -0.029 0.008 -0.02 0.016 -0.033
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.604] [0.570] [0.675] [0.751] [0.673] [0.750] [0.699] [0.747] [0.690]
Latitud 0.264** 0.144 0.303* 0.233 0.322* 0.247 0.305* 0.238 0.272
[0.871] [0.867] [1.340] [1.493] [1.361] [1.510] [1.362] [1.508] [1.638]
gendiv 2.391 4.134* 1.551 2.789 1.715 2.911 1.415 2.589 1.71
[62.457] [60.761] [70.653] [87.745] [71.383] [88.510] [71.087] [89.182] [72.205]
gendiv_s
-2.409 -4.177* -1.51 -2.883 -1.685 -3.045 -1.363 -2.701 -1.671
q
[46.565] [45.288] [52.116] [64.678] [52.705] [65.550] [52.484] [65.645] [53.253]
continent
0.361*** 0.328** 0.339** 0.337**
==2
[0.341] [0.472] [0.469] [0.478]
continent
0.094 0.109 0.113 0.159
==3
[0.433] [0.500] [0.498] [0.537]
continent
0.134 0.052 0.027 0.023
==4
[0.712] [0.997] [1.013] [1.002]
continent
0.087 0.07 0.06 0.072
==5
[0.782] [0.989] [1.013] [1.002]
humid1 0.04 -0.12 0.09 -0.06 0.047 -0.099 0.067
[0.023] [0.026] [0.024] [0.027] [0.023] [0.026] [0.025]
humid2 0.086 0.172 0.049 0.124 0.082 0.159 0.067
[0.032] [0.036] [0.035] [0.039] [0.032] [0.037] [0.035]
humid3 -0.012 0.102 -0.025 0.081 -0.011 0.087 -0.027
[0.025] [0.029] [0.026] [0.029] [0.025] [0.028] [0.026]
humid4 -0.07 -0.188 -0.071 -0.185 -0.066 -0.16 -0.05
[0.027] [0.034] [0.027] [0.034] [0.027] [0.034] [0.030]
temp1 -0.441 -0.521 -0.291 -0.344 -0.432 -0.524 -0.414
[0.149] [0.154] [0.150] [0.160] [0.152] [0.156] [0.155]
temp2 0.187 0.252 0.156 0.221 0.199 0.276 0.208
[0.049] [0.054] [0.049] [0.053] [0.050] [0.056] [0.052]
temp3 -0.107 -0.061 -0.14 -0.102 -0.113 -0.071 -0.127
[0.063] [0.069] [0.063] [0.069] [0.065] [0.071] [0.069]
temp4 0.209 0.157 0.122 0.052 0.197 0.147 0.17
[0.061] [0.067] [0.061] [0.068] [0.062] [0.068] [0.065]
temp5 0.053 0.159 0.028 0.126 0.055 0.18 0.06
[0.045] [0.046] [0.045] [0.047] [0.046] [0.047] [0.046]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.215*** 0.208*** 0.209*** 0.201*** 0.219*** 0.218*** 0.216***
[0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013]

iron 0.08 0.04 0.081 0.044 0.087 0.048 0.086
[0.064] [0.065] [0.065] [0.066] [0.068] [0.066] [0.065]
silv -0.091 -0.084 -0.113 -0.106 -0.088 -0.075 -0.098
[0.055] [0.057] [0.057] [0.058] [0.056] [0.058] [0.060]
zinc 0.113 0.149 0.137 0.176 0.111 0.15 0.112
[0.094] [0.100] [0.094] [0.099] [0.096] [0.102] [0.095]
oilres 0.032 0.028 0.034 0.031 0.032 0.029 0.034
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.06 0.07
mar
[0.366] [0.363]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.022 -0.071
malaria
[0.022] [0.029]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.045
in
tropical
zones
[0.586]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
per per per
2000 2000 2000
1.729 2.318 1.9

[0.930] [1.470] [0.921]
-0.174 -0.229 -0.179
[0.207] [0.289] [0.185]
-0.36 -0.684 -0.408
[0.016] [0.031] [0.017]
-0.125 -0.275* -0.162
[0.688] [0.693] [0.759]

-0.093 -0.058 -0.108
[2.310] [2.429] [1.857]
-0.244 -0.14
[1.033] [0.842]
-0.240** -0.241**
[0.392] [0.400]
-0.035 -0.026
[0.512] [0.516]
-0.198 -0.19
[1.174] [1.076]
0.368 0.407 0.433
[0.021] [0.025] [0.021]
-0.242 -0.235 -0.266
[0.042] [0.038] [0.040]
-0.266 -0.221 -0.239
[0.026] [0.028] [0.026]
0.086 0.127 0.099
[0.040] [0.034] [0.038]
1.207 1.282 1.375
[0.170] [0.232] [0.165]
-0.887* -1.229 -1.033*
[0.069] [0.130] [0.089]
0.279 0.461 0.293
[0.069] [0.114] [0.078]
0.017 0.188 -0.011
[0.059] [0.071] [0.057]
-0.573* -0.495 -0.574*
[0.067] [0.071] [0.068]
0.429* 0.581 0.464*
[0.054] [0.091] [0.053]
-0.127 -0.461 -0.216
[0.064] [0.207] [0.106]
0.102 -0.012 0.03
[0.069] [0.072] [0.062]
-0.187 0.11 -0.092
[0.125] [0.103] [0.112]
0.004 -0.009 -0.008
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.18
[0.545]
-0.63 -0.366
[1.876] [1.106]
0.529 0.116 0.428
71 71 71
0.542 0.558 0.605
0.441 0.631 0.447
9.307 7.115 10.557
0.01 0.029 0.005
8.276 5.883 9.487
0.016 0.053 0.009

0.575 0.704 0.463
0.51 0.75 0.555
0.285 0.514 0.172
-10 -11 -12

A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
0.367*** 0.296*** 0.328***
[0.056] [0.061] [0.062]
0.232 0.273* 0.241

[0.011] [0.011] [0.012]
0.014 0.004 0.035
[0.739] [0.650] [0.745]

0.178 0.124 0.141
[1.806] [1.424] [1.583]
3.24 2.118 3.245
[94.689] [66.488] [85.221]
-3.296 -2.119 -3.274
[69.519] [49.451] [62.911]
0.333** 0.236
[0.478] [0.495]
0.094 0.079
[0.507] [0.503]
0.097 0.108
[1.030] [0.947]
0.077 0.067
[1.003] [0.953]
-0.088 0.028 -0.106
[0.027] [0.020] [0.025]
0.15 0.044 0.14
[0.038] [0.029] [0.036]
0.099 -0.05 0.073
[0.029] [0.023] [0.028]
-0.172 -0.039 -0.155
[0.034] [0.026] [0.034]
-0.463 -0.425 -0.486
[0.164] [0.146] [0.152]
0.288 0.408 0.366
[0.056] [0.054] [0.060]
-0.092 -0.172 -0.106
[0.075] [0.062] [0.068]
0.076 0.018 0.045
[0.072] [0.060] [0.065]
0.17 0.083 0.156
[0.047] [0.040] [0.045]
- - -
0.213*** 0.216*** 0.215***
[0.014] [0.011] [0.013]

0.054 0.169 0.109
[0.064] [0.072] [0.074]
-0.098 -0.027 -0.051
[0.063] [0.057] [0.060]
0.141 0.004 0.062
[0.100] [0.091] [0.103]
0.03 0.042 0.035
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.079
[0.627]
0.340* 0.225
[0.662] [0.643]
71 71 71
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7
Log Log Log Log Log Log Log
Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso
per per per per per per per
cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A3_8500 0.238* 0.324* 0.377** 0.386** 0.372** 0.386** 0.345*
[0.092] [0.110] [0.111] [0.101] [0.111] [0.102] [0.122]
Total years of schooling:
0.480*** 0.381*** 0.386*** 0.339*** 0.391*** 0.342*** 0.387***
Barro-Lee data:
[0.047] [0.054] [0.051] [0.048] [0.050] [0.048] [0.051]
Hosftede individualism 0.008 0.038 -0.052 -0.016 -0.036 -0.007 -0.05
[0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
FraccionalizaciÃ³n - - - -
-0.137** -0.125* -0.124*
etnoligÃ¼Ãstica 0.285*** 0.273*** 0.267*** 0.249***
[0.296] [0.302] [0.337] [0.316] [0.337] [0.312] [0.331]

Latitud 0.154* 0.059 0.091 -0.027 0.081 -0.036 0.119
[0.545] [0.610] [1.026] [0.954] [1.030] [0.964] [1.047]
continent==2 0.297*** 0.348*** 0.347***
[0.266] [0.318] [0.315]
continent==3 -0.051 -0.123 -0.12
[0.257] [0.261] [0.258]
continent==4 0.219** 0.141 0.14
[0.267] [0.327] [0.328]
continent==5 0.016 -0.008 -0.008
[0.411] [0.616] [0.609]
humid1 0.256 0.056 0.221 0.032 0.283
[0.018] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.019]
humid2 -0.049 0.047 -0.022 0.064 -0.059
[0.023] [0.025] [0.022] [0.024] [0.023]
humid3 -0.112 0.108 -0.105 0.113 -0.126
[0.020] [0.019] [0.019] [0.018] [0.020]
humid4 -0.007 -0.219 -0.008 -0.218 -0.002
[0.018] [0.021] [0.017] [0.021] [0.017]
temp1 0.836* 0.968** 0.721 0.897** 0.805*
[0.081] [0.073] [0.082] [0.076] [0.084]
temp2 -0.401** -0.29 -0.381** -0.278 -0.389**
[0.028] [0.030] [0.029] [0.032] [0.028]

temp3 -0.08 -0.092 -0.053 -0.075 -0.078
[0.034] [0.030] [0.033] [0.030] [0.033]
temp4 -0.321 -0.562 -0.251 -0.52 -0.295
[0.035] [0.029] [0.034] [0.029] [0.036]
temp5 -0.307** -0.279* -0.285** -0.267* -0.285**
[0.026] [0.032] [0.026] [0.032] [0.028]

goldm 0.090** 0.080** 0.087** 0.077** 0.082**
[0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.009]
iron -0.178** -0.119 -0.179** -0.121* -0.158*
[0.042] [0.039] [0.041] [0.038] [0.047]
silv -0.012 0.021 0.002 0.031 -0.014
[0.049] [0.038] [0.047] [0.037] [0.048]
zinc 0.152 0.097 0.133 0.085 0.138
[0.049] [0.042] [0.048] [0.041] [0.045]
oilres 0.102*** 0.080*** 0.100*** 0.079*** 0.100***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.210] [0.219]
EcologÃa de la malaria -0.049
[0.019]
Percentage of population
living in tropical zones
living in temperate zones
R2_a 0.798 0.826 0.797 0.833 0.796 0.83 0.804

Observations 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
p(OID) 0.078 0.413 0.546 0.553 0.593 0.592 0.674
p(UID) 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003
F(WID_Kleibergen_Paap)
Chi2(Anderson-Rubin) 6.826 9.094 8.237 12.563 7.898 12.42 6.279
Chi2p(Anderson-Rubin) 0.033 0.011 0.016 0.002 0.019 0.002 0.043
S(Stock-Wright) 6.129 6.767 6.597 10.239 6.276 10.195 4.963
p(Stock-Wright) 0.047 0.034 0.037 0.006 0.043 0.006 0.084
p(humid) 0.436 0.535 0.449 0.586 0.43
p(temp) 0.065 0.076 0.118 0.142 0.146
p(natural 0 0.007 0.001 0.01 0.001
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
Total years of schooling:

0.209 0.213 0.289 0.332 0.286 0.33 0.27
Barro-Lee data:
[0.129] [0.137] [0.147] [0.169] [0.149] [0.172] [0.148]
Hosftede individualism 0.181 0.207 -0.002 0.041 -0.009 0.037 -0.044
[0.016] [0.019] [0.026] [0.026] [0.026] [0.026] [0.027]
FraccionalizaciÃ³n
-0.09 -0.076 -0.043 0.037 -0.045 0.036 0.012
etnoligÃ¼Ãstica
[0.941] [1.228] [1.014] [1.153] [1.016] [1.173] [0.994]
Latitud 0.068 0.062 0.545 0.594 0.553 0.597 0.566
[1.808] [2.042] [3.438] [3.725] [3.535] [3.782] [3.602]
12.654** 14.420** 17.366** 14.485** 13.008**
gendiv 12.554** 17.390**
* * * * *
[124.976 [161.746 [162.037 [217.911 [167.930 [223.467 [163.640
] ] ] ] ] ] ]
- - - -
- - -
gendiv_sq 12.598** 12.404** 14.371** 14.441**
16.848** 16.881** 12.866**
* * * *
[117.518 [122.138 [159.736 [126.807 [164.665 [123.913
[93.301]
] ] ] ] ] ]
continent==2 -0.046 -0.137 -0.135
[0.709] [1.102] [1.120]
continent==3 -0.06 -0.07 -0.069
[0.922] [1.110] [1.132]
continent==4 0.068 0.503 0.498
[1.498] [2.652] [2.710]
continent==5 -0.022 0.012 0.01
[1.433] [2.353] [2.417]
humid1 0.454 0.343 0.476 0.356 0.522
[0.047] [0.055] [0.045] [0.055] [0.046]
humid2 -0.126 -0.018 -0.142 -0.028 -0.163
[0.065] [0.085] [0.061] [0.085] [0.065]
humid3 -0.338 -0.183 -0.344 -0.188 -0.34
[0.050] [0.061] [0.049] [0.062] [0.049]
humid4 -0.001 -0.108 -0.001 -0.108 0.039
[0.055] [0.068] [0.055] [0.068] [0.056]
temp1 -1.728* -1.562 -1.66 -1.525 -1.627*
[0.258] [0.266] [0.268] [0.275] [0.262]
temp2 0.259 0.078 0.244 0.071 0.35
[0.091] [0.105] [0.094] [0.107] [0.097]
temp3 0.563** 0.602** 0.548* 0.594** 0.498*
[0.111] [0.115] [0.110] [0.115] [0.114]
temp4 1.711** 1.707** 1.673** 1.685* 1.597*
[0.107] [0.109] [0.109] [0.111] [0.107]
temp5 0.008 -0.045 -0.003 -0.051 0.029
[0.073] [0.104] [0.074] [0.105] [0.076]
goldm -0.045 -0.094 -0.042 -0.093 -0.078
[0.019] [0.025] [0.020] [0.026] [0.021]
iron 0.164 0.230* 0.165 0.231* 0.225
[0.122] [0.111] [0.122] [0.111] [0.133]
silv -0.19 -0.235* -0.2 -0.240* -0.164
[0.091] [0.089] [0.093] [0.091] [0.093]
zinc -0.002 -0.102 0.008 -0.096 -0.027
[0.115] [0.140] [0.114] [0.140] [0.116]
oilres -0.069 -0.084 -0.067 -0.084 -0.071
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al mar 0.027 0.015
[0.715] [0.738]
EcologÃa de la malaria -0.202*
[0.055]
living in tropical zones
living in temperate zones
Observations 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
F(excludedIVs)
F(Angrist-Pischke)
Chi2(Angrist-Pischke)
pF(excludedIVs)
pF(Angrist-Pischke)
pChi2(Angrist-Pischke)
-8 -9 -10 -11 -12
Log Log Log Log Log
Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso Ingreso
per per per per per
cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital cÃ¡pital
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
0.402** 0.335* 0.382** 0.391** 0.401**
[0.104] [0.110] [0.102] [0.118] [0.110]
0.330*** 0.408*** 0.341*** 0.340*** 0.313***
[0.048] [0.048] [0.047] [0.052] [0.047]
0.006 -0.057 -0.016 -0.061 -0.006
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
- -
-0.129* -0.125* -0.118*
0.246*** 0.267***
[0.325] [0.328] [0.316] [0.346] [0.305]

-0.045 0.214 -0.02 -0.03 -0.08
[0.974] [1.168] [1.143] [1.186] [1.094]
0.343*** 0.347*** 0.313**
[0.323] [0.320] [0.366]
-0.169* -0.123 -0.129*
[0.307] [0.259] [0.262]
0.153 0.14 0.145
[0.326] [0.327] [0.330]
-0.013 -0.008 -0.014
[0.621] [0.612] [0.645]
0.028 0.198 0.056 0.253 0.057
[0.017] [0.018] [0.017] [0.017] [0.016]
0.059 0.003 0.048 -0.079 0.032
[0.025] [0.024] [0.025] [0.021] [0.024]
0.128 -0.092 0.107 -0.133 0.091
[0.019] [0.019] [0.018] [0.018] [0.019]
-0.244 -0.064 -0.22 0.02 -0.199
[0.022] [0.018] [0.021] [0.017] [0.022]
0.987** 0.696 0.957** 0.870* 1.009**
[0.071] [0.085] [0.078] [0.082] [0.074]
-
-0.307 -0.293 -0.254 -0.245
0.471***
[0.030] [0.026] [0.030] [0.029] [0.031]

-0.089 -0.002 -0.087 -0.13 -0.121
[0.030] [0.039] [0.034] [0.038] [0.033]
-0.578* -0.131 -0.549 -0.459 -0.636*
[0.029] [0.037] [0.033] [0.038] [0.030]
-
-0.301* -0.279* -0.299** -0.280*
0.325***
[0.033] [0.023] [0.032] [0.025] [0.033]

0.091*** 0.094*** 0.080*** 0.090** 0.078**
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007]
-0.132* -0.188** -0.119* -0.122 -0.093
[0.041] [0.039] [0.038] [0.042] [0.040]
0.019 -0.003 0.021 0.032 0.04
[0.037] [0.046] [0.038] [0.052] [0.040]
0.097 0.157 0.097 0.094 0.058
[0.042] [0.048] [0.042] [0.053] [0.045]
0.080*** 0.094*** 0.080*** 0.109*** 0.085***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.069
[0.018]
0.139 0.005
[0.338] [0.278]
0.212* 0.1
[0.330] [0.356]
0.826 0.808 0.831 0.796 0.826
70 70 70 70 70
0.583 0.537 0.546 0.378 0.611
0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001
12.312 6.107 12.047 9.123 12.576

0.002 0.047 0.002 0.01 0.002
9.573 4.977 10.277 7.338 10.811
0.008 0.083 0.006 0.025 0.004
0.465 0.421 0.534 0.713 0.637
0.048 0.001 0.072 0.138 0.097
0.008 0 0.009 0 0.02
-8 -9 -10 -11 -12
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
0.346 0.287 0.319 0.326 0.345

[0.166] [0.145] [0.167] [0.147] [0.161]
-0.032 0 0.051 -0.007 0.036
[0.028] [0.026] [0.026] [0.026] [0.026]
0.046 -0.049 0.031 -0.059 0.031
[1.101] [1.105] [1.204] [1.014] [1.181]
0.618 0.526 0.494 0.634 0.619
[3.813] [3.995] [4.440] [3.890] [4.276]
14.536** 18.204** 14.161**
16.628** 17.245**
* * *
[217.596 [166.054 [221.475 [165.330 [219.514
] ] ] ] ]
- - -
- -
14.488** 17.624** 14.091**
16.158** 16.747**
* * *
[159.269 [124.822 [162.669 [124.436 [160.909
] ] ] ] ]
-0.109 -0.127 -0.111
[1.102] [1.133] [1.258]
0.094 -0.095 -0.061
[1.506] [1.154] [1.174]
0.427 0.573 0.486
[2.630] [2.540] [2.643]
0.022 0.023 0.012
[2.433] [2.313] [2.386]
0.416 0.468 0.396 0.459 0.338
[0.054] [0.053] [0.058] [0.045] [0.056]
-0.057 -0.137 -0.057 -0.105 -0.009
[0.086] [0.077] [0.092] [0.065] [0.089]
-0.243 -0.344 -0.182 -0.317 -0.174
[0.062] [0.053] [0.061] [0.049] [0.063]
-0.016 0.01 -0.08 -0.017 -0.118
[0.074] [0.065] [0.073] [0.056] [0.072]
-1.547 -1.715* -1.472 -1.739* -1.575
[0.275] [0.263] [0.278] [0.257] [0.267]
0.13 0.274 0.156 0.153 0.049
[0.108] [0.098] [0.115] [0.100] [0.109]
0.562* 0.553* 0.550* 0.596** 0.616**
[0.119] [0.115] [0.121] [0.111] [0.118]
1.674* 1.689** 1.566* 1.806** 1.738**
[0.111] [0.110] [0.116] [0.108] [0.110]
0.029 0.012 -0.026 -0.007 -0.044
[0.109] [0.071] [0.101] [0.075] [0.106]
-0.126 -0.046 -0.104 -0.044 -0.092
[0.030] [0.019] [0.024] [0.019] [0.025]
0.257* 0.168 0.253* 0.12 0.21
[0.119] [0.122] [0.114] [0.136] [0.133]
-0.213 -0.194 -0.256* -0.222 -0.244
[0.087] [0.096] [0.089] [0.096] [0.102]
-0.099 -0.003 -0.118 0.052 -0.078
[0.142] [0.115] [0.141] [0.123] [0.155]
-0.079 -0.068 -0.082 -0.074 -0.086
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.232
[0.083]
-0.027 -0.14
[1.015] [1.079]
-0.168 -0.063
[1.108] [1.253]
70 70 70 70 70
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A4_8500 0.617** 0.360* 0.511*** 0.478*** 0.492*** 0.462*** 0.454** 0.473*** 0.412***
[0.210] [0.158] [0.112] [0.104] [0.107] [0.098] [0.140] [0.104] [0.109]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.218 0.276** 0.280*** 0.261*** 0.291*** 0.270*** 0.293*** 0.263*** 0.340***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.078] [0.059] [0.052] [0.042] [0.050] [0.041] [0.054] [0.043] [0.047]
Hosftede
individua 0.003 0.071 -0.128 -0.089 -0.11 -0.075 -0.117 -0.088 -0.123
lism
[0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - -
n -0.177**
0.300*** 0.318*** 0.231*** 0.309*** 0.225*** 0.281*** 0.230*** 0.255***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.244] [0.396] [0.239] [0.385] [0.239] [0.372] [0.286] [0.385] [0.268]
Latitud 0.056 0.077 0.183 0.124 0.176 0.118 0.208 0.125 0.399***
[0.583] [0.532] [0.885] [0.858] [0.882] [0.854] [0.907] [0.859] [0.881]
continent
0.159* 0.163* 0.166** 0.165*
==2
[0.247] [0.229] [0.222] [0.230]
continent
-0.084 -0.106* -0.105* -0.107
==3
[0.261] [0.213] [0.204] [0.265]
continent
0.138* 0.046 0.047 0.047
==4
[0.220] [0.315] [0.311] [0.310]
continent
0.009 -0.032 -0.032 -0.032
==5
[0.375] [0.374] [0.366] [0.376]
humid1 0.585*** 0.490*** 0.544*** 0.457** 0.583*** 0.489*** 0.398**
[0.016] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.014]
humid2 -0.331** -0.281* -0.295** -0.253* -0.312** -0.279* -0.17
[0.024] [0.024] [0.023] [0.024] [0.024] [0.024] [0.021]
humid3 -0.454** -0.336 -0.441** -0.323 -0.435** -0.333 -0.339*
[0.018] [0.017] [0.018] [0.017] [0.017] [0.017] [0.016]
humid4 0.174 0.058 0.167 0.052 0.16 0.056 0.025
[0.015] [0.017] [0.015] [0.017] [0.015] [0.017] [0.015]
temp1 0.287 0.382 0.179 0.299 0.31 0.382 0.127
[0.061] [0.063] [0.065] [0.068] [0.063] [0.063] [0.057]
temp2 -0.234 -0.172 -0.224 -0.164 -0.238 -0.174 -0.400**
[0.030] [0.037] [0.030] [0.037] [0.030] [0.037] [0.025]
temp3 0.029 0.014 0.055 0.035 0.019 0.015 0.159
[0.030] [0.027] [0.031] [0.028] [0.029] [0.027] [0.027]
temp4 0.114 -0.014 0.184 0.04 0.099 -0.013 0.385
[0.026] [0.026] [0.027] [0.026] [0.027] [0.026] [0.024]
temp5 -0.174* -0.194 -0.155 -0.179 -0.162 -0.194 -0.238**
[0.021] [0.025] [0.022] [0.025] [0.020] [0.025] [0.019]
goldm 0.094** 0.086** 0.090** 0.082** 0.082** 0.086** 0.099***
[0.009] [0.008] [0.008] [0.007] [0.009] [0.008] [0.007]
iron -0.027 0.018 -0.031 0.015 -0.018 0.018 -0.078
[0.034] [0.034] [0.034] [0.034] [0.032] [0.034] [0.032]
silv -0.151 -0.124 -0.134 -0.111 -0.138 -0.123 -0.102
[0.042] [0.037] [0.040] [0.036] [0.038] [0.036] [0.037]
zinc 0.193* 0.147* 0.173* 0.132 0.170* 0.147* 0.192*
[0.044] [0.039] [0.042] [0.037] [0.039] [0.039] [0.043]
oilres 0.075*** 0.061*** 0.073*** 0.060*** 0.075*** 0.061*** 0.065***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.043 -0.033
mar
[0.166] [0.161]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.064 0
malaria
[0.017] [0.016]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.271***
in
tropical
zones
[0.252]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.819 0.853 0.854 0.866 0.856 0.867 0.861 0.864 0.878
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.469 0.289 0.895 0.346 0.857 0.29 0.711 0.338 0.945
p(UID) 0.07 0.01 0.008 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.026 0.002 0.004
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 6.241 7.165 6.134 10.61 5.804 10.544 3.957 9.989 4.429
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.044 0.028 0.047 0.005 0.055 0.005 0.138 0.007 0.109
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.657 4.827 5.085 8.862 4.78 8.842 3.502 8.111 3.761
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.059 0.089 0.079 0.012 0.092 0.012 0.174 0.017 0.153
Wright)
p(humid) 0.012 0.005 0.022 0.008 0.007 0.005 0.002
p(temp) 0.421 0.396 0.473 0.457 0.429 0.389 0.005
p(natural 0.005 0.004 0.009 0.007 0.002 0.004 0.001
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500

Total
years of
schoolin 0.407*** 0.374*** 0.379*** 0.408*** 0.375*** 0.401*** 0.369*** 0.414*** 0.360***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.090] [0.089] [0.076] [0.090] [0.076] [0.091] [0.075] [0.091] [0.076]
Hosftede
individua 0.133 0.183 0.251 0.284 0.24 0.269 0.226 0.247 0.266
lism
[0.011] [0.013] [0.017] [0.018] [0.016] [0.017] [0.017] [0.019] [0.017]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.103 0.143 0.179 0.269** 0.177 0.263** 0.208 0.270** 0.136
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.737] [0.701] [0.872][0.819] [0.869] [0.821] [0.879] [0.822] [0.851]
Latitud 0.327** 0.077 0.282 0.125 0.295 0.137 0.291 0.133 0.112
[1.399] [1.502] [2.315][2.529] [2.331] [2.547] [2.416] [2.581] [2.754]
11.987** 12.085** 11.670**
gendiv 5.095* 5.860* 8.913*** 9.028*** 8.229** 9.776***
* * *
[101.810 [120.002 [122.751 [121.812
[87.329] [94.347] [95.772] [97.560] [96.815]
] ] ] ]
- - -
gendiv_s - - -
-5.240* -6.366* 12.197** 12.327** -8.349** 11.907**
q 9.088*** 9.211*** 9.961***
* * *
[64.760] [75.602] [70.492] [88.622] [71.658] [91.066] [73.195] [89.843] [72.458]
continent
0.453*** 0.365* 0.374* 0.380*
==2
[0.597] [0.791] [0.795] [0.810]
continent
0.105 0.051 0.054 0.13
==3
[0.640] [0.693] [0.693] [0.853]
continent
-0.17 0.188 0.168 0.143
==4
[0.935] [1.548] [1.580] [1.522]
continent
-0.098 -0.074 -0.081 -0.071
==5
[0.975] [1.534] [1.593] [1.577]
humid1 -0.267 -0.529 -0.233 -0.481 -0.235 -0.497 -0.122
[0.030] [0.036] [0.031] [0.037] [0.030] [0.037] [0.035]
humid2 0.462** 0.592** 0.436** 0.554** 0.443** 0.572** 0.358
[0.045] [0.057] [0.048] [0.059] [0.045] [0.058] [0.052]
humid3 0.267 0.485 0.259 0.469 0.275 0.461 0.187
[0.031] [0.040] [0.031] [0.040] [0.032] [0.041] [0.033]
humid4 -0.346 -0.535* -0.347 -0.533* -0.327 -0.49 -0.241
[0.038] [0.045] [0.038] [0.045] [0.038] [0.047] [0.041]
temp1 -0.002 0.113 0.103 0.256 0.042 0.11 0.143
[0.165] [0.170] [0.171] [0.179] [0.172] [0.175] [0.178]
temp2 -0.424 -0.412 -0.446 -0.436 -0.362 -0.373 -0.308
[0.070] [0.083] [0.072] [0.083] [0.075] [0.086] [0.074]
temp3 0.134 0.18 0.111 0.147 0.102 0.164 0.028
[0.071] [0.076] [0.072] [0.077] [0.075] [0.079] [0.082]
temp4 0.379 0.252 0.318 0.167 0.316 0.236 0.169
[0.064] [0.068] [0.066] [0.071] [0.067] [0.070] [0.073]
temp5 -0.152 -0.161 -0.17 -0.187 -0.142 -0.126 -0.115
[0.057] [0.066] [0.058] [0.067] [0.059] [0.069] [0.059]
goldm -0.019 -0.054 -0.015 -0.049 -0.039 -0.07 -0.026
[0.019] [0.021] [0.018] [0.021] [0.019] [0.022] [0.017]
iron -0.17 -0.092 -0.17 -0.089 -0.138 -0.079 -0.141
[0.103] [0.095] [0.105] [0.099] [0.109] [0.098] [0.110]
silv 0.079 0.106 0.064 0.089 0.096 0.121 0.043
[0.071] [0.085] [0.074] [0.083] [0.075] [0.086] [0.079]
zinc -0.121 -0.202 -0.105 -0.18 -0.136 -0.2 -0.128
[0.112] [0.119] [0.115] [0.119] [0.115] [0.121] [0.118]
oilres 0.02 -0.008 0.021 -0.006 0.017 -0.007 0.03
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.042 0.057
mar
[0.578] [0.641]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.112 -0.113
malaria
[0.037] [0.044]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.244
in
tropical
zones
[0.776]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
per per per
2000 2000 2000
0.435*** 0.509*** 0.486***

[0.098] [0.098] [0.102]
0.302*** 0.281*** 0.272***
[0.039] [0.046] [0.040]
-0.102 -0.128 -0.095
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
- -
-0.207**
0.317*** 0.238***
[0.383] [0.242] [0.399]

0.284** 0.183 0.15
[0.862] [0.961] [0.888]
0.151* 0.185*
[0.237] [0.284]
-0.081 -0.098
[0.207] [0.226]
0.033 0.046
[0.291] [0.312]
-0.03 -0.027
[0.360] [0.395]
0.363** 0.585*** 0.484***
[0.014] [0.015] [0.014]
-0.177 -0.330** -0.272**
[0.022] [0.021] [0.022]
-0.272 -0.454** -0.324
[0.017] [0.018] [0.017]
-0.029 0.174 0.049
[0.017] [0.014] [0.016]
0.244 0.287 0.375
[0.062] [0.062] [0.064]
-0.288 -0.234 -0.202
[0.033] [0.034] [0.038]
0.116 0.029 0.029
[0.026] [0.030] [0.027]
0.204 0.114 0.015
[0.026] [0.028] [0.027]
-0.244** -0.174* -0.196
[0.023] [0.021] [0.025]
0.091*** 0.094** 0.087**
[0.007] [0.009] [0.008]
-0.025 -0.027 -0.002
[0.035] [0.033] [0.039]
-0.091 -0.15 -0.136
[0.035] [0.045] [0.039]
0.161* 0.193* 0.173
[0.040] [0.047] [0.047]
0.054*** 0.075*** 0.059***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.210**
[0.256]
0.002 -0.064
[0.358] [0.437]
0.88 0.851 0.862
71 71 71
0.677 0.898 0.351
0 0.003 0.002
9.307 7.115 10.557
0.01 0.029 0.005
8.276 5.883 9.487
0.016 0.053 0.009

0.002 0.014 0.004
0.046 0.379 0.269
0.002 0.003 0.001
-10 -11 -12
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500

0.370*** 0.300** 0.355***
[0.080] [0.078] [0.088]
0.319 0.261 0.301
[0.018] [0.018] [0.019]
0.260** 0.211 0.291**
[0.683] [0.853] [0.812]

-0.166 0.092 0.02
[3.052] [2.525] [2.788]
14.397** 12.507**
9.511***
* *
[127.682 [109.247
[87.747]
] ]
- -
-
14.405** 12.642**
9.730***
* *
[94.278] [66.423] [82.286]
0.392* 0.26
[0.755] [0.806]
-0.027 0.016
[0.659] [0.729]
0.427 0.252
[1.350] [1.484]
-0.035 -0.077
[1.466] [1.522]
-0.359 -0.28 -0.514
[0.036] [0.032] [0.037]
0.475* 0.418* 0.556**
[0.055] [0.050] [0.059]
0.471 0.228 0.452
[0.038] [0.035] [0.042]
-0.450* -0.313 -0.498*
[0.043] [0.041] [0.047]
0.427 0.015 0.153
[0.176] [0.168] [0.172]
-0.214 -0.191 -0.282
[0.081] [0.086] [0.092]
0.011 0.066 0.129
[0.082] [0.072] [0.076]
-0.177 0.178 0.125
[0.075] [0.066] [0.069]
-0.099 -0.121 -0.164
[0.064] [0.055] [0.065]
-0.083 -0.021 -0.063
[0.018] [0.018] [0.021]
-0.019 -0.077 -0.014
[0.101] [0.117] [0.105]
0.032 0.146 0.145
[0.088] [0.082] [0.092]
-0.247 -0.236 -0.301
[0.128] [0.120] [0.127]
0.001 0.03 -0.001
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.425**
[0.701]
0.358 0.257
[0.944] [0.882]
71 71 71
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A5_8500 0.555 0.475 0.585* 0.654* 0.522* 0.634* 0.557 0.682* 0.61
[0.410] [0.412] [0.373] [0.387] [0.333] [0.375] [0.458] [0.413] [0.484]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.293 0.27 0.321* 0.278* 0.348** 0.296* 0.323* 0.265 0.309
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.100] [0.096] [0.086] [0.078] [0.075] [0.075] [0.086] [0.083] [0.104]
Hosftede
individua -0.128 -0.049 -0.228 -0.222 -0.169 -0.176 -0.218 -0.2 -0.233
lism
[0.009] [0.010] [0.009] [0.011] [0.008] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - -
n -0.162* -0.153 -0.143 -0.158
0.274*** 0.233*** 0.219*** 0.217*** 0.246***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.363] [0.409] [0.342] [0.476] [0.328] [0.445] [0.376] [0.499] [0.364]
Latitud 0.296** 0.092 0.125 -0.062 0.115 -0.089 0.139 -0.084 0.066
[0.756] [0.742] [1.265] [1.386] [1.246] [1.382] [1.337] [1.465] [2.189]
continent
0.308** 0.294 0.288* 0.284
==2
[0.359] [0.484] [0.449] [0.493]
continent
-0.109 -0.128 -0.119 -0.189*
==3
[0.267] [0.302] [0.293] [0.367]
continent
0.101 0.017 0.015 0.029
==4
[0.292] [0.449] [0.418] [0.443]
continent
-0.011 -0.113 -0.112 -0.124
==5
[0.498] [0.980] [0.902] [1.006]
humid1 0.550** 0.421* 0.446** 0.318 0.551** 0.404 0.598*
[0.018] [0.020] [0.014] [0.016] [0.017] [0.021] [0.025]
humid2 -0.194 -0.163 -0.114 -0.086 -0.193 -0.157 -0.23
[0.027] [0.034] [0.021] [0.027] [0.027] [0.035] [0.039]
humid3 -0.312 -0.148 -0.29 -0.13 -0.31 -0.138 -0.336
[0.020] [0.024] [0.017] [0.021] [0.019] [0.025] [0.022]
humid4 0.096 -0.032 0.084 -0.032 0.094 -0.057 0.131
[0.020] [0.029] [0.017] [0.027] [0.020] [0.029] [0.028]
temp1 0.21 0.389 -0.067 0.093 0.227 0.388 0.249
[0.072] [0.086] [0.069] [0.089] [0.071] [0.088] [0.079]
- - - - - -
temp2 -0.702**
0.727*** 0.606*** 0.649*** 0.550*** 0.649*** 0.706***
[0.037] [0.034] [0.033] [0.032] [0.043] [0.038] [0.035]

temp3 0.277* 0.27 0.319** 0.331* 0.259 0.29 0.253*
[0.040] [0.045] [0.039] [0.048] [0.048] [0.049] [0.036]
temp4 0.336 0.124 0.498 0.3 0.313 0.139 0.274
[0.029] [0.033] [0.027] [0.035] [0.029] [0.035] [0.035]
temp5 -0.169 -0.261 -0.119 -0.207 -0.162 -0.288 -0.152
[0.027] [0.041] [0.025] [0.037] [0.027] [0.043] [0.029]
goldm 0.099** 0.079* 0.088** 0.069* 0.093** 0.094** 0.098**
[0.009] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.010] [0.010] [0.009]
iron -0.075 0.033 -0.08 0.025 -0.068 0.025 -0.064
[0.045] [0.055] [0.040] [0.050] [0.043] [0.056] [0.052]
silv -0.071 -0.012 -0.035 0.027 -0.068 -0.019 -0.08
[0.066] [0.065] [0.059] [0.062] [0.063] [0.064] [0.068]
zinc 0.071 0 0.03 -0.046 0.064 -0.004 0.066
[0.070] [0.075] [0.067] [0.075] [0.066] [0.078] [0.075]
oilres 0.127*** 0.105*** 0.118*** 0.099*** 0.125*** 0.106*** 0.132***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.112* -0.117
mar
[0.260] [0.296]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.036 0.093
malaria
[0.032] [0.038]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.073
in
tropical
zones
[0.781]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.681 0.753 0.71 0.697 0.751 0.719 0.721 0.673 0.69
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.879 0.751 0.806 0.902 0.722 0.953 0.736 0.938 0.791
p(UID) 0.073 0.136 0.099 0.11 0.06 0.089 0.219 0.134 0.192
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 6.241 7.165 6.134 10.61 5.804 10.544 3.957 9.989 4.429
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.044 0.028 0.047 0.005 0.055 0.005 0.138 0.007 0.109
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.657 4.827 5.085 8.862 4.78 8.842 3.502 8.111 3.761
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.059 0.089 0.079 0.012 0.092 0.012 0.174 0.017 0.153
Wright)
p(humid) 0.025 0.036 0.031 0.148 0.018 0.067 0.043
p(temp) 0.018 0.04 0.018 0.042 0.093 0.048 0.005
p(natural 0.007 0.066 0.013 0.107 0.049 0.081 0.016
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.290* 0.333** 0.258 0.283 0.239 0.265 0.245 0.295 0.289
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.066] [0.070] [0.079] [0.087] [0.075] [0.083] [0.079] [0.084] [0.083]
Hosftede
individua 0.395** 0.341* 0.402* 0.376 0.355 0.335 0.371 0.311 0.376*
lism
[0.008] [0.009] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.098 0.07 0.026 0.104 0.014 0.085 0.061 0.104 0.098
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.528] [0.449] [0.740] [0.724] [0.730] [0.723] [0.733] [0.729] [0.753]
Latitud -0.023 0.028 0.353 0.42 0.407 0.453 0.364 0.434 0.635*
[1.034] [1.187] [1.631] [1.685] [1.832] [1.839] [1.661] [1.676] [1.868]
gendiv 4.774 7.502 7.403 10.049 7.88 10.333 6.551 9.481 5.974
[130.341 [103.011 [135.709 [102.480 [129.739 [103.138
[79.586] [97.479] [99.050]
] ] ] ] ] ]
gendiv_s
-4.998 -7.448 -7.582 -9.846 -8.091 -10.224 -6.661 -9.327 -6.138
q
[101.728
[59.139] [73.147] [73.934] [97.693] [77.090] [76.912] [96.943] [77.247]
]
continent
-0.011 0.012 0.038 0.039
==2
[0.548] [0.765] [0.703] [0.758]
continent
0.09 0.006 0.016 0.149
==3
[0.598] [0.736] [0.682] [0.880]
continent
0.323 0.482 0.423 0.4
==4
[0.816] [1.093] [1.066] [1.145]
continent
0.063 0.154 0.133 0.16
==5
[0.735] [1.264] [1.218] [1.302]
humid1 -0.176 -0.327 -0.034 -0.188 -0.136 -0.268 -0.417
[0.031] [0.035] [0.028] [0.032] [0.031] [0.037] [0.033]
humid2 0.172 0.31 0.066 0.199 0.149 0.274 0.343
[0.045] [0.051] [0.039] [0.045] [0.045] [0.054] [0.047]
humid3 -0.01 0.179 -0.046 0.13 0 0.136 0.122
[0.033] [0.037] [0.031] [0.034] [0.032] [0.039] [0.033]
humid4 -0.175 -0.32 -0.177 -0.313 -0.15 -0.24 -0.349
[0.037] [0.042] [0.034] [0.039] [0.037] [0.045] [0.038]
temp1 0.125 0.103 0.561 0.517 0.18 0.096 -0.115
[0.175] [0.179] [0.179] [0.182] [0.177] [0.181] [0.176]
temp2 0.449 0.363 0.36 0.292 0.526 0.432 0.257
[0.051] [0.059] [0.050] [0.056] [0.051] [0.059] [0.054]
temp3 -0.308 -0.234 -0.404 -0.331 -0.348 -0.264 -0.133
[0.078] [0.080] [0.078] [0.081] [0.080] [0.084] [0.079]
temp4 -0.046 -0.042 -0.301 -0.287 -0.125 -0.069 0.301
[0.072] [0.076] [0.074] [0.079] [0.073] [0.078] [0.074]
temp5 -0.116 -0.042 -0.191 -0.118 -0.103 0.02 -0.179
[0.050] [0.064] [0.049] [0.060] [0.051] [0.066] [0.050]
goldm -0.025 -0.047 -0.009 -0.03 -0.049 -0.075 -0.014
[0.013] [0.017] [0.013] [0.017] [0.013] [0.017] [0.013]
iron -0.063 -0.096 -0.06 -0.088 -0.022 -0.073 -0.112
[0.075] [0.090] [0.076] [0.091] [0.079] [0.093] [0.072]
silv -0.069 -0.12 -0.132 -0.171 -0.048 -0.095 -0.009
[0.094] [0.098] [0.089] [0.095] [0.092] [0.093] [0.098]
zinc 0.093 0.083 0.16 0.147 0.075 0.085 0.106
[0.109] [0.127] [0.110] [0.129] [0.110] [0.130] [0.104]
oilres -0.073 -0.078 -0.066 -0.072 -0.075 -0.075 -0.091*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.174 0.164
mar
[0.381] [0.403]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.14 -0.203
malaria
[0.039] [0.052]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.404*
in
tropical
zones
[0.620]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
per per per
2000 2000 2000
0.816 0.699* 0.709*

[0.636] [0.468] [0.458]
0.203 0.219 0.208
[0.121] [0.112] [0.090]
-0.243 -0.273 -0.215
[0.013] [0.010] [0.011]
-
-0.185 -0.141
0.217***
[0.568] [0.369] [0.509]

-0.358 -0.102 -0.204
[2.903] [1.777] [1.749]
0.33 0.198
[0.599] [0.543]
-0.16 -0.148
[0.347] [0.315]
0.022 0.005
[0.491] [0.486]
-0.138 -0.141
[1.118] [1.035]
0.605 0.560*** 0.457*
[0.030] [0.017] [0.020]
-0.312 -0.257 -0.224
[0.052] [0.028] [0.036]
-0.22 -0.349 -0.211
[0.029] [0.020] [0.025]
0.101 0.152 0.035
[0.040] [0.021] [0.031]
0.593 0.216 0.422
[0.107] [0.082] [0.090]
-0.524** -0.538** -0.494**
[0.038] [0.038] [0.036]

0.18 0.248 0.227
[0.047] [0.044] [0.046]
-0.175 0.149 -0.002
[0.045] [0.034] [0.035]
-0.206 -0.146 -0.261
[0.050] [0.032] [0.042]
0.07 0.100** 0.075
[0.011] [0.009] [0.010]
0.101 0.018 0.118
[0.082] [0.064] [0.077]
-0.038 0.002 0.039
[0.076] [0.077] [0.072]
-0.05 -0.041 -0.109
[0.095] [0.091] [0.098]
0.125** 0.145*** 0.117***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.307
[0.964]
0.341 0.264
[0.715] [0.725]
0.571 0.647 0.658
71 71 71
0.883 0.964 0.966
0.255 0.14 0.137
9.307 7.115 10.557
0.01 0.029 0.005
8.276 5.883 9.487
0.016 0.053 0.009

0.058 0.057 0.062
0.191 0.133 0.079
0.331 0.006 0.089
-10 -11 -12

A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
0.319 0.308 0.335*
[0.089] [0.091] [0.087]
0.342 0.395* 0.359

[0.011] [0.010] [0.011]
0.112 0.006 0.082
[0.712] [0.769] [0.731]

0.698* 0.473 0.524
[2.098] [1.873] [1.920]
7.752 7.025 9.532
[135.785 [104.055 [135.594
] ] ]
-7.742 -7.177 -9.404
[101.584 [101.006
[77.546]
] ]
-0.013 0.116
[0.768] [0.829]
0.08 0.04
[0.749] [0.732]
0.254 0.419
[1.044] [1.123]
0.118 0.157
[1.207] [1.270]
-0.489 -0.168 -0.342
[0.037] [0.030] [0.035]
0.421 0.199 0.345
[0.053] [0.044] [0.050]
0.192 0.015 0.212
[0.037] [0.033] [0.036]
-0.401 -0.195 -0.357
[0.043] [0.036] [0.042]
-0.196 0.114 0.063
[0.185] [0.176] [0.181]
0.176 0.302 0.234
[0.061] [0.054] [0.059]
-0.072 -0.265 -0.183
[0.082] [0.080] [0.082]
0.367 0.08 0.085
[0.079] [0.074] [0.078]
-0.101 -0.136 -0.039
[0.063] [0.051] [0.063]
-0.02 -0.024 -0.039
[0.016] [0.013] [0.017]
-0.166 -0.122 -0.174
[0.085] [0.087] [0.109]
-0.05 -0.112 -0.159
[0.101] [0.093] [0.099]
0.126 0.166 0.182
[0.121] [0.117] [0.144]
-0.087* -0.079 -0.085
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.405
[0.696]
-0.226 -0.255
[0.737] [0.873]
71 71 71
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
lntfp00_J lntfp00_J lntfp00_J lntfp00_J lntfp00_J lntfp00_J lntfp00_J lntfp00_J lntfp00_J
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A1_8500 0.320*** 0.364*** 0.280** 0.243*** 0.282** 0.247** 0.196* 0.242*** 0.278**
[0.123] [0.152] [0.128] [0.101] [0.133] [0.105] [0.129] [0.102] [0.139]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.358*** 0.335*** 0.392*** 0.335*** 0.391*** 0.334*** 0.399*** 0.339*** 0.392***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.041] [0.043] [0.041] [0.032] [0.041] [0.033] [0.038] [0.034] [0.042]
Hosftede
individua 0.085 0.151 -0.021 -0.008 -0.023 -0.012 -0.031 -0.016 -0.021
lism
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - -
n -0.234** -0.180**
0.243*** 0.212*** 0.242*** 0.213*** 0.244*** 0.242*** 0.218***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.280] [0.371] [0.306] [0.369] [0.311] [0.373] [0.301] [0.364] [0.329]
Latitud 0.345*** 0.226* 0.390*** 0.264** 0.391*** 0.268** 0.410*** 0.268** 0.372**
[0.491] [0.685] [0.623] [0.694] [0.634] [0.695] [0.639] [0.701] [0.784]
continent
-0.004 0.051 0.05 0.053
==2
[0.205] [0.218] [0.217] [0.221]
continent - - -
-0.144*
==3 0.228*** 0.228*** 0.212***
[0.250] [0.191] [0.193] [0.238]

continent
-0.123 -0.244** -0.244** -0.247**
==4
[0.296] [0.270] [0.271] [0.272]
continent
-0.073 -0.124* -0.124* -0.122*
==5
[0.331] [0.445] [0.448] [0.445]
humid1 0.171 0.247 0.175 0.256 0.252 0.256 0.189
[0.012] [0.010] [0.013] [0.011] [0.013] [0.011] [0.013]
humid2 0.031 -0.04 0.028 -0.047 0.013 -0.043 0.02
[0.017] [0.016] [0.019] [0.018] [0.016] [0.016] [0.018]
humid3 0.036 0.013 0.036 0.011 -0.031 0.003 0.027
[0.015] [0.012] [0.015] [0.012] [0.015] [0.012] [0.015]
humid4 -0.104 -0.069 -0.105 -0.069 -0.062 -0.059 -0.093
[0.018] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.016] [0.016] [0.018]
temp1 0.354 0.445 0.369 0.477 0.343 0.444 0.362
[0.077] [0.075] [0.079] [0.077] [0.072] [0.075] [0.078]
- -
temp2 -0.206 -0.530** -0.213 -0.464** -0.2
0.527*** 0.513***
[0.025] [0.021] [0.026] [0.022] [0.024] [0.022] [0.023]

temp3 0.197 0.137 0.194 0.13 0.174 0.135 0.187
[0.033] [0.030] [0.032] [0.029] [0.031] [0.031] [0.033]
temp4 0.178 0.049 0.169 0.03 0.183 0.05 0.161
[0.033] [0.031] [0.032] [0.030] [0.031] [0.031] [0.033]
- - -
temp5 -0.118 -0.121 -0.105 -0.112
0.357*** 0.362*** 0.350***
[0.021] [0.022] [0.022] [0.022] [0.020] [0.021] [0.021]

goldm 0.06 0.073** 0.061 0.074** 0.06 0.070* 0.06
[0.009] [0.006] [0.009] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.009]
iron -0.095 -0.04 -0.095 -0.04 -0.064 -0.038 -0.09
[0.027] [0.031] [0.027] [0.032] [0.027] [0.032] [0.026]
silv -0.05 0.018 -0.052 0.013 -0.044 0.019 -0.054
[0.034] [0.028] [0.036] [0.030] [0.034] [0.028] [0.036]
zinc 0.128 0.129 0.13 0.134 0.108 0.129 0.127
[0.036] [0.036] [0.038] [0.037] [0.035] [0.036] [0.036]
oilres 0.127*** 0.105*** 0.127*** 0.107*** 0.111*** 0.106*** 0.127***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.006 0.012
mar
[0.190] [0.178]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.114** -0.024
malaria
[0.013] [0.017]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.026
in
tropical
zones
[0.322]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.753 0.742 0.776 0.819 0.771 0.814 0.8 0.816 0.772
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.366 0.386 0.087 0.624 0.087 0.639 0.073 0.648 0.09
p(UID) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 9.12 8.686 8.378 6.347 8.121 6.027 6.806 6.088 7.173
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.01 0.013 0.015 0.042 0.017 0.049 0.033 0.048 0.028
Rubin)
S(Stock-
7.651 9.732 6.485 4.792 6.29 4.716 5.507 4.483 5.368
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.022 0.008 0.039 0.091 0.043 0.095 0.064 0.106 0.068
Wright)
p(humid) 0.106 0.002 0.106 0.005 0.042 0.007 0.109
p(temp) 0.014 0.001 0.023 0.002 0.019 0.001 0.002
p(natural 0.01 0.001 0.02 0.004 0.015 0.001 0.011
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.073 0.068 0.084 0.14 0.088 0.141 0.084 0.149 0.094
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.069] [0.069] [0.076] [0.072] [0.076] [0.071] [0.077] [0.075] [0.075]
Hosftede
individua 0.186 0.213 0.232 0.277 0.242 0.277 0.224 0.253 0.224
lism
[0.008] [0.009] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.011]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.167 0.169 0.073 0.132 0.075 0.132 0.078 0.131 0.109
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.521] [0.540] [0.647] [0.797] [0.646] [0.802] [0.657] [0.819] [0.618]
Latitud 0.015 -0.254 -0.004 -0.339 -0.017 -0.34 0 -0.329 0.118
[0.955] [1.110] [1.445] [1.734] [1.468] [1.752] [1.482] [1.749] [1.736]
10.622** 16.390** 16.385** 16.153**
gendiv 7.522** 11.995** 11.893** 11.803** 11.232**
* * * *
[56.049] [59.492] [78.539] [91.782] [79.629] [93.580] [79.434] [91.628] [82.214]
- - - -
gendiv_s - - - -
-8.082** 11.615** 17.664** 17.658** 17.440**
q 12.576** 12.467** 12.371** 11.811**
* * * *
[42.094] [43.407] [59.458] [67.059] [60.364] [68.567] [60.280] [66.915] [62.235]
continent
0.569*** 0.732*** 0.732*** 0.738***
==2
[0.335] [0.392] [0.404] [0.397]
continent
0.271** 0.314* 0.314* 0.357*
==3
[0.376] [0.502] [0.510] [0.553]
continent
-0.137 -0.247 -0.247 -0.271
==4
[0.804] [1.166] [1.172] [1.181]
continent
-0.128 -0.208 -0.208 -0.206
==5
[0.949] [1.290] [1.312] [1.303]
humid1 0.253 -0.118 0.221 -0.12 0.267 -0.088 0.158
[0.024] [0.022] [0.024] [0.023] [0.024] [0.023] [0.025]
humid2 0.026 0.11 0.049 0.111 0.021 0.097 0.091
[0.035] [0.033] [0.035] [0.035] [0.035] [0.034] [0.039]
humid3 -0.366 -0.159 -0.356 -0.158 -0.373 -0.19 -0.315
[0.027] [0.024] [0.027] [0.024] [0.028] [0.025] [0.027]
humid4 0.07 -0.146 0.07 -0.146 0.078 -0.115 0.001
[0.030] [0.032] [0.030] [0.032] [0.031] [0.033] [0.031]
temp1 -0.402 -0.208 -0.504 -0.213 -0.397 -0.213 -0.474
[0.150] [0.146] [0.151] [0.158] [0.152] [0.149] [0.145]
temp2 0.212 0.304 0.234 0.305 0.224 0.32 0.115
[0.061] [0.062] [0.061] [0.064] [0.064] [0.064] [0.066]
temp3 0.024 0.021 0.047 0.023 0.019 0.013 0.087
[0.057] [0.056] [0.058] [0.059] [0.058] [0.058] [0.061]
temp4 0.295 -0.013 0.354 -0.009 0.29 -0.008 0.426
[0.055] [0.057] [0.056] [0.060] [0.056] [0.058] [0.055]
temp5 -0.133 -0.126 -0.117 -0.125 -0.13 -0.105 -0.159
[0.048] [0.045] [0.048] [0.047] [0.049] [0.045] [0.050]
goldm 0.150* 0.103 0.146* 0.103 0.147 0.096 0.154*
[0.014] [0.014] [0.014] [0.014] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015]
iron -0.09 -0.025 -0.091 -0.025 -0.082 -0.017 -0.11
[0.091] [0.085] [0.092] [0.086] [0.095] [0.086] [0.092]
silv -0.054 0.029 -0.039 0.03 -0.052 0.034 -0.031
[0.063] [0.072] [0.065] [0.075] [0.064] [0.071] [0.063]
zinc -0.058 -0.128 -0.074 -0.129 -0.061 -0.126 -0.052
[0.097] [0.083] [0.098] [0.084] [0.099] [0.084] [0.100]
- - -
oilres -0.202** -0.203** -0.201** -0.208**
0.241*** 0.241*** 0.239***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
-0.04 -0.002
mar
[0.395] [0.349]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.026 -0.064
malaria
[0.043] [0.037]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.169
in
tropical
zones
[0.661]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
lntfp00_J lntfp00_J lntfp00_J
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.240*** 0.303** 0.232**

[0.096] [0.129] [0.100]
0.320*** 0.357*** 0.307***
[0.033] [0.044] [0.032]
0.003 -0.022 0.004
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
-
-0.202** -0.232**
0.257***
[0.340] [0.320] [0.377]

0.16 0.313** 0.21
[0.805] [0.709] [0.732]
0.066 0.009
[0.209] [0.224]
- -
0.254*** 0.240***
[0.201] [0.198]
-0.238** -0.239**
[0.248] [0.264]
-0.125* -0.130*
[0.427] [0.426]
0.331** 0.158 0.263*
[0.011] [0.013] [0.010]
-0.096 0.014 -0.061
[0.016] [0.018] [0.015]
-0.023 0.036 -0.014
[0.012] [0.015] [0.012]
-0.021 -0.095 -0.046
[0.015] [0.018] [0.015]
0.512 0.38 0.457
[0.076] [0.078] [0.075]
-0.12 -0.437** -0.143
[0.022] [0.028] [0.022]

0.077 0.166 0.107
[0.030] [0.033] [0.030]
-0.077 0.082 -0.01
[0.031] [0.034] [0.030]
- -
-0.107
0.322*** 0.351***
[0.021] [0.022] [0.021]

0.072** 0.055 0.073**
[0.006] [0.009] [0.006]
-0.011 -0.056 0
[0.031] [0.032] [0.032]
0 -0.021 0.039
[0.030] [0.035] [0.028]
0.117 0.084 0.081
[0.036] [0.039] [0.039]
0.109*** 0.135*** 0.108***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.144
[0.256]
0.141 0.125
[0.269] [0.238]
0.821 0.768 0.82
68 68 68
0.314 0.099 0.46
0 0 0
7.098 9.015 6.15
0.029 0.011 0.046
5.518 7.001 4.827
0.063 0.03 0.089

0.002 0.205 0.003
0.006 0.089 0.005
0.001 0.013 0.001
-10 -11 -12

A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
0.154 0.047 0.204
[0.073] [0.087] [0.079]
0.265 0.238 0.257

[0.011] [0.012] [0.011]
0.144 0.089 0.106
[0.770] [0.659] [0.826]

-0.219 -0.089 -0.223
[1.844] [1.654] [1.721]
15.932**
15.400** 12.220**
*
[98.994] [81.337] [90.857]
- -
-
16.757** 17.301**
12.821**
* *
[71.612] [61.540] [66.396]
0.725*** 0.854***
[0.411] [0.468]
0.349* 0.352*
[0.552] [0.556]
-0.335 -0.329
[1.246] [1.224]
-0.222 -0.21
[1.298] [1.260]
-0.192 0.245 -0.137
[0.023] [0.023] [0.023]
0.156 0.008 0.146
[0.033] [0.035] [0.034]
-0.146 -0.376 -0.124
[0.023] [0.027] [0.024]
-0.184 0.081 -0.189
[0.030] [0.030] [0.032]
-0.306 -0.384 -0.257
[0.146] [0.151] [0.149]
0.207 0.313 0.167
[0.065] [0.069] [0.066]
0.082 -0.01 0.082
[0.059] [0.061] [0.058]
0.144 0.196 0.129
[0.059] [0.057] [0.058]
-0.149 -0.12 -0.127
[0.046] [0.048] [0.046]
0.112 0.148* 0.112
[0.015] [0.014] [0.014]
-0.055 -0.047 -0.117
[0.087] [0.101] [0.089]
0.057 -0.024 -0.014
[0.075] [0.066] [0.070]
-0.11 -0.11 -0.015
[0.085] [0.102] [0.085]
-
-0.197** -0.251**
0.245***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.172
[0.572]
0.157 -0.293
[0.767] [0.603]
68 68 68
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A2_8500 1.608 0.937* 2.574 1.200** 2.748 1.114** 2.46 1.207** 2.456
[0.983] [0.355] [1.845] [0.350] [1.881] [0.302] [1.724] [0.360] [1.697]
Total
years of
schoolin -0.3 -0.028 -0.482 -0.08 -0.533 -0.041 -0.455 -0.085 -0.435
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.292] [0.107] [0.413] [0.081] [0.414] [0.070] [0.389] [0.086] [0.378]
Hosftede
individua -0.198 0.072 -0.805 -0.25 -0.784 -0.209 -0.767 -0.247 -0.772
lism
[0.015] [0.006] [0.040] [0.007] [0.039] [0.006] [0.037] [0.007] [0.037]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.198 -0.164 -0.336 -0.274** -0.314 -0.264** -0.268 -0.274** -0.312
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.629] [0.419] [0.874] [0.482] [0.892] [0.451] [0.869] [0.483] [0.891]
Latitud -0.191 -0.004 -0.439 -0.049 -0.555 -0.049 -0.379 -0.053 -0.335
[2.058] [0.695] [4.668] [0.947] [5.000] [0.879] [4.377] [0.962] [4.407]
continent
-0.183 -0.25 -0.225 -0.253
==2
[0.469] [0.469] [0.428] [0.486]
continent - - -
-0.215*
==3 0.361*** 0.349*** 0.371***
[0.376] [0.268] [0.253] [0.348]

continent
-0.042 -0.256* -0.252** -0.255*
==4
[0.230] [0.324] [0.300] [0.323]
continent
-0.130* -0.208** -0.200** -0.210**
==5
[0.482] [0.521] [0.485] [0.537]
humid1 0.274 0.447** 0.106 0.376** 0.322 0.443** 0.215
[0.025] [0.013] [0.032] [0.011] [0.024] [0.013] [0.026]
humid2 -0.171 -0.18 -0.069 -0.126 -0.173 -0.179 -0.124
[0.042] [0.021] [0.041] [0.019] [0.040] [0.021] [0.041]
humid3 -0.178 -0.241 -0.143 -0.211 -0.22 -0.237 -0.142
[0.033] [0.017] [0.036] [0.015] [0.032] [0.016] [0.032]
humid4 0.27 0.195 0.283 0.176 0.285 0.191 0.215
[0.052] [0.026] [0.054] [0.024] [0.050] [0.025] [0.051]
temp1 1.101 0.823* 0.704 0.602 1.114 0.826* 1.022
[0.225] [0.066] [0.204] [0.063] [0.209] [0.067] [0.214]
temp2 -0.81 -0.449* -0.75 -0.392* -0.749 -0.454* -0.839
[0.094] [0.032] [0.090] [0.029] [0.087] [0.033] [0.092]
temp3 0.604 0.301** 0.737 0.332** 0.557 0.303** 0.622
[0.118] [0.032] [0.143] [0.030] [0.111] [0.033] [0.114]
temp4 0.094 0.112 0.336 0.22 0.047 0.112 0.174
[0.067] [0.024] [0.073] [0.023] [0.062] [0.024] [0.067]
- - -
temp5 -0.424 -0.359 -0.382 -0.437
0.566*** 0.517*** 0.571***
[0.066] [0.032] [0.060] [0.030] [0.062] [0.034] [0.063]

goldm 0.705 0.390*** 0.729 0.363*** 0.66 0.394*** 0.679
[0.125] [0.025] [0.125] [0.022] [0.117] [0.027] [0.116]
iron -0.325 -0.099 -0.354 -0.098 -0.284 -0.101 -0.33
[0.147] [0.037] [0.155] [0.033] [0.140] [0.039] [0.141]
silv 0.187 0.11 0.27 0.129* 0.186 0.11 0.189
[0.106] [0.030] [0.128] [0.028] [0.099] [0.030] [0.100]
zinc -0.064 -0.054 -0.165 -0.071 -0.098 -0.055 -0.051
[0.124] [0.052] [0.147] [0.046] [0.116] [0.053] [0.113]
oilres -0.001 0.026 -0.014 0.025 0.003 0.026 -0.002
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.186 -0.073*
mar
[0.691] [0.128]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.155 0.014
malaria
[0.030] [0.024]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.096
in
tropical
zones
[0.738]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.274 0.677 -0.288 0.791 -0.482 0.82 -0.171 0.783 -0.185
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.332 0.063 0.44 0.883 0.588 0.998 0.677 0.898 0.452
p(UID) 0.457 0.129 0.693 0.214 0.679 0.159 0.692 0.224 0.667
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 9.12 8.686 8.378 6.347 8.121 6.027 6.806 6.088 7.173
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.01 0.013 0.015 0.042 0.017 0.049 0.033 0.048 0.028
Rubin)
S(Stock-
7.651 9.732 6.485 4.792 6.29 4.716 5.507 4.483 5.368
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.022 0.008 0.039 0.091 0.043 0.095 0.064 0.106 0.068
Wright)
p(humid) 0.728 0.001 0.833 0.001 0.624 0.002 0.927
p(temp) 0.864 0.023 0.853 0.01 0.898 0.059 0.821
p(natural 0.7 0.024 0.794 0.021 0.709 0.023 0.684
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.468*** 0.439*** 0.362*** 0.379*** 0.356*** 0.372*** 0.362*** 0.384*** 0.360***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.060] [0.057] [0.054] [0.057] [0.054] [0.058] [0.055] [0.060] [0.055]
Hosftede
individua 0.192* 0.134 0.280* 0.255 0.264* 0.238 0.281* 0.241 0.281*
lism
[0.007] [0.008] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.043 -0.003 0.006 0.059 0.002 0.052 0.005 0.059 -0.003
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.663] [0.613] [0.750] [0.812] [0.749] [0.813] [0.764] [0.814] [0.779]
Latitud 0.259** 0.149 0.300* 0.196 0.320* 0.211 0.300* 0.203 0.272
[0.880] [0.888] [1.336] [1.452] [1.365] [1.476] [1.359] [1.473] [1.648]
gendiv 2.701 4.595** 1.857 4.117 2.01 4.271 1.881 3.967 2.032
[64.471] [62.290] [72.632] [87.542] [72.968] [86.223] [73.727] [89.405] [74.236]
gendiv_s
-2.708 -4.667** -1.818 -4.298 -1.983 -4.497 -1.843 -4.157 -1.993
q
[48.020] [46.686] [53.422] [64.682] [53.672] [63.761] [54.337] [66.043] [54.558]
continent
0.371*** 0.390*** 0.403*** 0.394***
==2
[0.339] [0.472] [0.467] [0.474]
continent
0.122 0.169 0.174 0.196*
==3
[0.500] [0.526] [0.513] [0.540]
continent
0.111 0.034 0.009 0.019
==4
[0.756] [1.045] [1.060] [1.040]
continent
0.082 0.044 0.034 0.046
==5
[0.815] [0.966] [0.982] [0.984]
humid1 0.003 -0.212 0.052 -0.152 0.001 -0.192 0.025
[0.024] [0.028] [0.026] [0.029] [0.025] [0.029] [0.027]
humid2 0.071 0.157 0.036 0.11 0.072 0.149 0.056
[0.031] [0.035] [0.035] [0.039] [0.032] [0.036] [0.035]
humid3 0.053 0.205 0.039 0.184 0.054 0.185 0.041
[0.028] [0.031] [0.029] [0.031] [0.029] [0.032] [0.029]
humid4 -0.116 -0.266 -0.117 -0.265 -0.117 -0.247 -0.1
[0.030] [0.037] [0.030] [0.036] [0.031] [0.038] [0.033]
temp1 -0.342 -0.344 -0.188 -0.152 -0.343 -0.348 -0.326
[0.154] [0.153] [0.154] [0.159] [0.155] [0.156] [0.157]
temp2 0.211 0.261 0.178 0.227 0.21 0.271 0.233
[0.052] [0.059] [0.052] [0.058] [0.052] [0.060] [0.056]
temp3 -0.151 -0.123 -0.186 -0.168 -0.151 -0.128 -0.166
[0.066] [0.069] [0.065] [0.068] [0.067] [0.070] [0.069]
temp4 0.076 -0.06 -0.013 -0.174 0.077 -0.057 0.046
[0.063] [0.066] [0.063] [0.067] [0.064] [0.068] [0.066]
temp5 0.037 0.134 0.011 0.1 0.036 0.148 0.042
[0.046] [0.047] [0.046] [0.047] [0.046] [0.048] [0.047]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.238*** 0.249*** 0.233*** 0.242*** 0.238*** 0.253*** 0.239***
[0.014] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015] [0.014]

iron 0.078 0.04 0.079 0.043 0.077 0.045 0.083
[0.066] [0.065] [0.067] [0.066] [0.068] [0.066] [0.067]
silv -0.089 -0.078 -0.112 -0.102 -0.09 -0.075 -0.095
[0.056] [0.056] [0.058] [0.057] [0.056] [0.056] [0.060]
zinc 0.104 0.124 0.128 0.153 0.104 0.125 0.103
[0.096] [0.100] [0.096] [0.099] [0.097] [0.102] [0.097]
oilres 0.026 0.015 0.029 0.018 0.026 0.017 0.028
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.061 0.075
mar
[0.374] [0.371]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.003 -0.041
malaria
[0.025] [0.034]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.039
in
tropical
zones
[0.608]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
1.231** 2.82 1.190**

[0.358] [1.475] [0.355]
-0.099 -0.382 -0.035
[0.085] [0.275] [0.072]
-0.251 -0.843 -0.265
[0.008] [0.032] [0.008]
-0.283** -0.381* -0.285**
[0.497] [0.908] [0.492]

-0.11 -0.054 0.031
[1.164] [2.219] [0.818]
-0.253 -0.182
[0.468] [0.382]
- -
0.376*** 0.347***
[0.286] [0.253]
-0.257* -0.255*
[0.334] [0.305]
-0.213** -0.195**
[0.527] [0.482]
0.493** 0.274 0.427**
[0.014] [0.024] [0.012]
-0.213 -0.065 -0.147
[0.023] [0.033] [0.019]
-0.265 -0.133 -0.202
[0.017] [0.032] [0.015]
0.227 0.209 0.157
[0.027] [0.043] [0.024]
0.871* 1.115 0.792*
[0.072] [0.209] [0.064]
-0.414 -1.446 -0.531*
[0.033] [0.136] [0.038]
0.275* 0.836 0.342**
[0.034] [0.141] [0.037]
0.048 0.582 0.199
[0.027] [0.079] [0.025]
- -
-0.503
0.555*** 0.569***
[0.032] [0.066] [0.032]

0.396*** 0.776 0.390***
[0.026] [0.100] [0.026]
-0.086 -0.606 -0.155
[0.037] [0.209] [0.054]
0.104 0.032 0.078
[0.030] [0.078] [0.028]
-0.065 0.16 0.016
[0.054] [0.112] [0.049]
0.028 -0.033 0.02
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.073
[0.337]
-0.864 -0.177
[2.004] [0.490]
0.776 -0.469 0.794
68 68 68
0.939 0.809 0.616
0.203 0.59 0.218
7.098 9.015 6.15
0.029 0.011 0.046
5.518 7.001 4.827
0.063 0.03 0.089

0.008 0.579 0.001
0.022 0.755 0.022
0.025 0.696 0.015
-10 -11 -12

A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
0.375*** 0.275** 0.330***
[0.056] [0.066] [0.063]
0.259 0.294* 0.271

[0.011] [0.010] [0.011]
0.055 0.043 0.079
[0.810] [0.722] [0.796]

0.16 0.105 0.107
[1.776] [1.415] [1.538]
4.415 2.38 4.466
[93.035] [67.794] [86.616]
-4.572 -2.385 -4.575
[68.405] [50.368] [64.185]
0.393*** 0.297*
[0.479] [0.504]
0.159 0.14
[0.536] [0.533]
0.061 0.097
[1.079] [0.994]
0.048 0.045
[0.985] [0.941]
-0.189 -0.017 -0.197
[0.030] [0.021] [0.027]
0.143 0.029 0.13
[0.038] [0.027] [0.034]
0.201 0.029 0.178
[0.031] [0.025] [0.030]
-0.254 -0.09 -0.233
[0.038] [0.029] [0.037]
-0.315 -0.3 -0.306
[0.159] [0.150] [0.152]
0.29 0.445 0.366
[0.061] [0.055] [0.063]
-0.141 -0.231 -0.169
[0.073] [0.064] [0.068]
-0.107 -0.154 -0.168
[0.071] [0.062] [0.065]
0.141 0.068 0.136
[0.047] [0.040] [0.046]
- - -
0.252*** 0.243*** 0.256***
[0.015] [0.012] [0.015]

0.049 0.177 0.109
[0.064] [0.074] [0.075]
-0.086 -0.018 -0.045
[0.062] [0.059] [0.059]
0.119 -0.016 0.039
[0.100] [0.094] [0.103]
0.016 0.036 0.023
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.052
[0.630]
0.365* 0.223
[0.678] [0.626]
68 68 68
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A3_8500 0.278* 0.244 0.424** 0.211* 0.421** 0.213* 0.385* 0.216* 0.430**
[0.086] [0.083] [0.106] [0.070] [0.106] [0.070] [0.112] [0.072] [0.114]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.417*** 0.341*** 0.329*** 0.308*** 0.331*** 0.308*** 0.333*** 0.305*** 0.326***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.035] [0.040] [0.043] [0.030] [0.043] [0.031] [0.042] [0.031] [0.044]
Hosftede
individua 0.05 0.144 -0.042 -0.007 -0.033 -0.004 -0.041 -0.004 -0.041
lism
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - -
n -0.148**
0.268*** 0.285*** 0.204*** 0.282*** 0.203*** 0.252*** 0.204*** 0.290***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.315] [0.284] [0.322] [0.276] [0.329] [0.278] [0.293] [0.277] [0.355]
Latitud 0.186** 0.118 0.098 0.128 0.092 0.125 0.137 0.124 0.079
[0.479] [0.554] [0.879] [0.664] [0.890] [0.658] [0.865] [0.679] [1.106]
continent
0.146 0.172* 0.172* 0.172*
==2
[0.201] [0.211] [0.210] [0.212]
continent - - -
-0.144**
==3 0.242*** 0.241*** 0.247***
[0.220] [0.167] [0.168] [0.204]

continent
0.112 -0.094 -0.094 -0.092
==4
[0.203] [0.221] [0.221] [0.222]
continent
-0.025 -0.07 -0.07 -0.071
==5
[0.312] [0.375] [0.374] [0.379]
humid1 0.079 0.16 0.058 0.152 0.124 0.153 0.089
[0.017] [0.013] [0.016] [0.013] [0.017] [0.014] [0.017]
humid2 0.083 0.035 0.098 0.04 0.07 0.037 0.075
[0.020] [0.018] [0.019] [0.018] [0.020] [0.019] [0.022]
humid3 0.051 0.074 0.056 0.076 0.017 0.079 0.046
[0.020] [0.015] [0.019] [0.015] [0.020] [0.015] [0.020]
humid4 -0.031 -0.115 -0.033 -0.115 -0.018 -0.118 -0.022
[0.017] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.020]
temp1 0.946** 0.701 0.881* 0.683 0.903* 0.71 0.966*
[0.069] [0.066] [0.069] [0.068] [0.071] [0.066] [0.077]
temp2 -0.406** -0.153 -0.395** -0.149 -0.387** -0.155 -0.395**
[0.023] [0.024] [0.024] [0.025] [0.023] [0.024] [0.022]
temp3 -0.004 0.045 0.011 0.049 0 0.043 -0.015
[0.029] [0.026] [0.029] [0.026] [0.029] [0.026] [0.036]
temp4 -0.42 -0.269 -0.381 -0.259 -0.379 -0.277 -0.447
[0.031] [0.026] [0.030] [0.026] [0.032] [0.026] [0.035]
- - - -
temp5 -0.331** -0.319** -0.299**
0.379*** 0.376*** 0.382*** 0.328***
[0.022] [0.023] [0.023] [0.023] [0.024] [0.023] [0.021]

goldm 0.122** 0.117*** 0.120** 0.116*** 0.112** 0.118*** 0.122**
[0.009] [0.006] [0.009] [0.007] [0.008] [0.006] [0.009]
-
iron -0.222** -0.094 -0.095 -0.193** -0.097 -0.221**
0.223***
[0.039] [0.032] [0.038] [0.031] [0.042] [0.033] [0.039]

silv 0.027 0.043 0.036 0.046 0.025 0.043 0.026
[0.043] [0.031] [0.042] [0.031] [0.042] [0.031] [0.043]
zinc 0.183 0.142 0.171 0.139 0.16 0.142 0.182
[0.043] [0.037] [0.044] [0.037] [0.040] [0.037] [0.044]
oilres 0.098*** 0.066*** 0.097*** 0.066*** 0.096*** 0.066*** 0.099***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.025 -0.008
mar
[0.167] [0.173]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.076 0.008
malaria
[0.014] [0.013]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.022
in
tropical
zones
[0.298]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.784 0.805 0.785 0.864 0.782 0.861 0.798 0.861 0.778
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.03 0.013 0.498 0.097 0.525 0.095 0.722 0.1 0.498
p(UID) 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.002
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 9.12 8.686 8.378 6.347 8.121 6.027 6.806 6.088 7.173
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.01 0.013 0.015 0.042 0.017 0.049 0.033 0.048 0.028
Rubin)
S(Stock-
7.651 9.732 6.485 4.792 6.29 4.716 5.507 4.483 5.368
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.022 0.008 0.039 0.091 0.043 0.095 0.064 0.106 0.068
Wright)
p(humid) 0.103 0.008 0.079 0.01 0.067 0.017 0.109
p(temp) 0.019 0.001 0.04 0.003 0.043 0.001 0.003
p(natural 0.004 0 0.006 0.001 0.009 0 0.003
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.187 0.203 0.254 0.313 0.252 0.311 0.254 0.337 0.255
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.129] [0.137] [0.149] [0.169] [0.151] [0.172] [0.155] [0.172] [0.148]
Hosftede
individua 0.189 0.194 0.015 0.057 0.009 0.053 -0.028 -0.009 0.015
lism
[0.016] [0.020] [0.027] [0.027] [0.026] [0.027] [0.028] [0.029] [0.027]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.039 -0.05 -0.008 0.07 -0.009 0.068 0.023 0.069 -0.005
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.943] [1.177] [1.110] [1.128] [1.116] [1.145] [1.089] [1.116] [1.211]
Latitud 0.078 0.075 0.543 0.581 0.551 0.584 0.568 0.61 0.552
[1.771] [2.029] [3.600] [3.861] [3.702] [3.923] [3.716] [3.940] [4.113]
13.283** 13.926** 14.728** 18.373** 14.793** 13.564** 14.675**
gendiv 18.404** 17.702**
* * * * * * *
[123.451 [158.455 [164.031 [219.403 [169.600 [225.223 [165.092 [220.610 [169.087
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
- - - - - -
gendiv_s - - -
13.221** 13.840** 14.663** 17.870** 14.733** 14.609**
q 17.910** 13.422** 17.236**
* * * * * *
[114.390 [123.361 [160.814 [127.781 [165.946 [124.825 [161.966 [126.827
[92.085]
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
continent
-0.004 -0.101 -0.099 -0.086
==2
[0.681] [1.045] [1.060] [1.063]
continent
0.028 -0.019 -0.018 0.102
==3
[0.914] [1.208] [1.234] [1.584]
continent
0.038 0.52 0.515 0.453
==4
[1.469] [2.691] [2.750] [2.674]
continent
-0.024 0.01 0.008 0.017
==5
[1.415] [2.507] [2.580] [2.574]
humid1 0.389 0.253 0.41 0.265 0.469 0.34 0.382
[0.049] [0.056] [0.047] [0.056] [0.049] [0.056] [0.055]
humid2 -0.124 -0.01 -0.139 -0.02 -0.151 -0.046 -0.119
[0.065] [0.086] [0.062] [0.087] [0.066] [0.087] [0.077]
humid3 -0.214 -0.058 -0.22 -0.062 -0.262 -0.147 -0.21
[0.054] [0.064] [0.054] [0.065] [0.055] [0.067] [0.059]
humid4 -0.045 -0.157 -0.045 -0.157 0.006 -0.071 -0.05
[0.060] [0.069] [0.060] [0.070] [0.062] [0.076] [0.070]
temp1 -1.655 -1.488 -1.59 -1.449 -1.623 -1.503 -1.66
[0.262] [0.270] [0.271] [0.280] [0.270] [0.282] [0.265]
temp2 0.284 0.082 0.27 0.075 0.356 0.126 0.277
[0.093] [0.108] [0.097] [0.111] [0.099] [0.110] [0.101]
temp3 0.527* 0.576* 0.513* 0.567* 0.495 0.553* 0.531*
[0.118] [0.122] [0.117] [0.123] [0.120] [0.126] [0.120]
temp4 1.600* 1.597* 1.562* 1.574* 1.571* 1.610* 1.609*
[0.111] [0.112] [0.112] [0.114] [0.113] [0.116] [0.113]
temp5 -0.001 -0.044 -0.012 -0.051 0.021 0.017 -0.003
[0.077] [0.108] [0.078] [0.109] [0.078] [0.112] [0.075]
goldm -0.072 -0.127 -0.07 -0.125 -0.091 -0.147 -0.072
[0.023] [0.028] [0.023] [0.029] [0.023] [0.033] [0.023]
iron 0.178 0.239 0.178 0.24 0.228 0.264* 0.176
[0.126] [0.119] [0.127] [0.120] [0.137] [0.125] [0.126]
silv -0.18 -0.228 -0.19 -0.233 -0.164 -0.215 -0.178
[0.095] [0.092] [0.097] [0.094] [0.096] [0.090] [0.099]
zinc -0.013 -0.117 -0.003 -0.111 -0.03 -0.113 -0.012
[0.117] [0.144] [0.117] [0.144] [0.118] [0.146] [0.117]
oilres -0.078 -0.095 -0.077 -0.095 -0.077 -0.089 -0.079
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.026 0.015
mar
[0.714] [0.742]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.156 -0.182
malaria
[0.060] [0.088]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.012
in
tropical
zones
[1.050]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.261* 0.435** 0.228*

[0.078] [0.112] [0.074]
0.280*** 0.280** 0.275***
[0.033] [0.046] [0.028]
0.007 -0.049 0.006
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
- - -
0.220*** 0.277*** 0.195***
[0.258] [0.334] [0.279]

-0.014 -0.022 0.061
[0.879] [1.027] [0.714]
0.193** 0.128
[0.207] [0.224]
- -
0.261*** 0.250***
[0.177] [0.166]
-0.079 -0.09
[0.220] [0.217]
-0.071 -0.079
[0.389] [0.381]
0.211 0.071 0.161
[0.013] [0.015] [0.012]
-0.009 0.056 0.017
[0.019] [0.018] [0.017]
0.056 0.041 0.054
[0.015] [0.018] [0.014]
-0.069 -0.01 -0.091
[0.017] [0.016] [0.016]
0.862* 0.985** 0.750*
[0.067] [0.071] [0.064]
-0.071 -0.262 -0.095
[0.025] [0.026] [0.025]
-0.039 -0.056 0.008
[0.028] [0.033] [0.025]
-0.487 -0.563 -0.36
[0.027] [0.034] [0.025]
- -
-0.323**
0.357*** 0.379***
[0.023] [0.022] [0.023]

0.116*** 0.120** 0.115***
[0.006] [0.009] [0.006]
-0.081 -0.165* -0.06
[0.032] [0.039] [0.033]

0.033 0.072 0.068
[0.033] [0.045] [0.031]
0.129 0.124 0.093
[0.037] [0.047] [0.039]
0.074*** 0.105*** 0.072***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.150*
[0.240]
0.207* 0.127
[0.281] [0.244]
0.862 0.784 0.862
68 68 68
0.137 0.34 0.114
0.001 0.002 0.001
7.098 9.015 6.15
0.029 0.011 0.046
5.518 7.001 4.827
0.063 0.03 0.089

0.009 0.381 0.028
0.004 0.099 0.004
0 0.004 0
-10 -11 -12

A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
0.306 0.286 0.321
[0.167] [0.151] [0.162]
0.063 0.01 0.054

[0.027] [0.026] [0.027]
0.063 -0.021 0.066
[1.207] [1.120] [1.160]

0.517 0.613 0.596
[4.540] [4.079] [4.411]
18.894** 14.542** 18.315**
* * *
[223.093 [166.785 [221.075
] ] ]
- -
-
18.348** 14.460**
17.824**
* *
[163.713 [125.293 [162.053
] ] ]
-0.097 -0.086
[1.073] [1.209]
-0.037 -0.014
[1.276] [1.280]
0.566 0.51
[2.591] [2.694]
0.017 0.01
[2.474] [2.535]
0.292 0.396 0.251
[0.060] [0.047] [0.057]
-0.035 -0.109 -0.006
[0.094] [0.066] [0.090]
-0.065 -0.206 -0.053
[0.066] [0.053] [0.066]
-0.137 -0.054 -0.163
[0.076] [0.061] [0.074]
-1.436 -1.67 -1.494
[0.279] [0.263] [0.272]
0.133 0.2 0.065
[0.119] [0.102] [0.111]
0.545* 0.556* 0.584*
[0.125] [0.119] [0.124]
1.514 1.682* 1.615*
[0.116] [0.113] [0.113]
-0.032 -0.012 -0.044
[0.105] [0.078] [0.109]
-0.131 -0.07 -0.125
[0.028] [0.023] [0.028]
0.255 0.142 0.228
[0.122] [0.140] [0.140]
-0.243* -0.206 -0.234
[0.092] [0.101] [0.106]
-0.126 0.03 -0.102
[0.144] [0.125] [0.157]
-0.093 -0.082 -0.097
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.091
[1.118]
-0.13 -0.037
[1.122] [1.284]
68 68 68
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A4_8500 0.839** 0.649*** 0.695*** 0.466*** 0.676*** 0.463*** 0.680*** 0.475*** 0.642***
[0.206] [0.136] [0.115] [0.102] [0.112] [0.098] [0.148] [0.102] [0.118]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.069 0.133 0.167 0.198** 0.177 0.201*** 0.17 0.193** 0.194*
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.075] [0.050] [0.047] [0.032] [0.046] [0.032] [0.052] [0.033] [0.045]
Hosftede
individua 0.015 0.101 -0.134 -0.091 -0.119 -0.084 -0.132 -0.086 -0.129
lism
[0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.305*** 0.268*** 0.328*** 0.324*** 0.321*** 0.322*** 0.313*** 0.327*** 0.295***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.299] [0.322] [0.294] [0.332] [0.296] [0.330] [0.309] [0.330] [0.335]
Latitud 0.032 0.088 0.159 0.138 0.155 0.132 0.169 0.133 0.265
[0.616] [0.440] [0.853] [0.633] [0.858] [0.640] [0.884] [0.637] [0.917]
continent
-0.11 0.027 0.027 0.024
==2
[0.165] [0.196] [0.195] [0.193]
continent - - -
-0.119
==3 0.205*** 0.203*** 0.215***
[0.262] [0.180] [0.176] [0.223]

continent
-0.044 -0.212** -0.213** -0.210**
==4
[0.134] [0.232] [0.230] [0.231]
continent
-0.053 -0.097** -0.098** -0.099**
==5
[0.298] [0.271] [0.269] [0.269]
humid1 0.380* 0.417** 0.349 0.398** 0.388* 0.412** 0.294
[0.015] [0.013] [0.015] [0.013] [0.015] [0.013] [0.016]
humid2 -0.26 -0.234 -0.232 -0.22 -0.256 -0.235 -0.186
[0.024] [0.022] [0.023] [0.021] [0.024] [0.022] [0.024]
humid3 -0.203 -0.175 -0.192 -0.171 -0.21 -0.171 -0.152
[0.019] [0.016] [0.018] [0.015] [0.019] [0.016] [0.019]
humid4 0.101 0.082 0.096 0.082 0.104 0.078 0.035
[0.016] [0.016] [0.016] [0.016] [0.016] [0.017] [0.017]
temp1 0.28 0.338 0.193 0.283 0.288 0.339 0.223
[0.050] [0.052] [0.054] [0.053] [0.050] [0.051] [0.049]
temp2 -0.058 0.085 -0.052 0.094 -0.057 0.085 -0.15
[0.029] [0.027] [0.028] [0.027] [0.030] [0.027] [0.026]
temp3 0.113 0.088 0.134 0.101 0.109 0.089 0.169
[0.028] [0.023] [0.028] [0.023] [0.027] [0.023] [0.027]
temp4 -0.085 -0.073 -0.026 -0.04 -0.088 -0.077 0.04
[0.025] [0.023] [0.025] [0.022] [0.025] [0.023] [0.023]
- - -
temp5 -0.151 -0.136 -0.145 -0.185*
0.349*** 0.340*** 0.354***
[0.018] [0.019] [0.019] [0.019] [0.018] [0.019] [0.017]

goldm 0.102* 0.112*** 0.099* 0.110*** 0.099* 0.114*** 0.105**
[0.010] [0.007] [0.010] [0.007] [0.010] [0.007] [0.009]
iron -0.037 -0.011 -0.04 -0.013 -0.032 -0.013 -0.062
[0.033] [0.025] [0.032] [0.025] [0.032] [0.025] [0.032]
silv -0.118 -0.04 -0.104 -0.032 -0.114 -0.042 -0.095
[0.037] [0.030] [0.036] [0.029] [0.035] [0.030] [0.035]
zinc 0.201* 0.189** 0.185* 0.180** 0.192* 0.190** 0.203*
[0.039] [0.029] [0.038] [0.029] [0.036] [0.029] [0.038]
oilres 0.047* 0.045** 0.047* 0.044** 0.048* 0.044** 0.044*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.034 -0.022
mar
[0.147] [0.134]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.031 0.018
malaria
[0.016] [0.012]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.13
in
tropical
zones
[0.250]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.752 0.814 0.819 0.885 0.821 0.884 0.82 0.882 0.833
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.796 0.491 0.51 0.393 0.477 0.404 0.436 0.408 0.535
p(UID) 0.073 0.01 0.022 0.008 0.02 0.006 0.072 0.009 0.011
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 9.12 8.686 8.378 6.347 8.121 6.027 6.806 6.088 7.173
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.01 0.013 0.015 0.042 0.017 0.049 0.033 0.048 0.028
Rubin)
S(Stock-
7.651 9.732 6.485 4.792 6.29 4.716 5.507 4.483 5.368
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.022 0.008 0.039 0.091 0.043 0.095 0.064 0.106 0.068
Wright)
p(humid) 0.236 0.005 0.352 0.015 0.219 0.011 0.385
p(temp) 0.43 0.006 0.449 0.013 0.423 0.006 0.206
p(natural 0.138 0 0.17 0 0.125 0 0.109
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.391*** 0.351** 0.360*** 0.387*** 0.355*** 0.381*** 0.359*** 0.400*** 0.347***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.091] [0.091] [0.075] [0.089] [0.076] [0.091] [0.077] [0.093] [0.077]
Hosftede
individua 0.144 0.193 0.247 0.286 0.236 0.273 0.214 0.248 0.256
lism
[0.012] [0.014] [0.017] [0.018] [0.016] [0.018] [0.018] [0.020] [0.018]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.106 0.147 0.159 0.277* 0.157 0.272* 0.183 0.277** 0.112
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.781] [0.754] [0.993] [0.921] [0.990] [0.916] [0.976] [0.911] [0.979]
Latitud 0.328* 0.072 0.286 0.143 0.299 0.155 0.304 0.16 0.126
[1.425] [1.524] [2.294] [2.561] [2.311] [2.577] [2.392] [2.609] [2.786]
gendiv 5.204* 6.147* 8.073** 11.495** 8.182** 11.613** 7.189** 11.112** 9.074**
[105.997 [130.155 [101.367 [132.684 [104.212 [133.646 [103.156

[92.031] [99.899]
] ] ] ] ] ] ]
gendiv_s - - -
-5.353* -6.679* -8.243** -8.360** -7.301** -9.246**
q 11.661** 11.812** 11.299**
[68.107] [79.133] [74.605] [97.423] [75.812] [99.685] [78.206] [99.944] [77.110]
continent
0.480*** 0.36 0.37 0.369
==2
[0.620] [0.847] [0.850] [0.857]
continent
0.112 0.044 0.048 0.113
==3
[0.688] [0.814] [0.812] [0.936]
continent
-0.177 0.244 0.224 0.205
==4
[0.995] [1.598] [1.628] [1.569]
continent
-0.097 -0.052 -0.059 -0.047
==5
[1.028] [1.637] [1.703] [1.680]
humid1 -0.231 -0.507 -0.196 -0.462 -0.17 -0.458 -0.105
[0.032] [0.039] [0.033] [0.039] [0.033] [0.040] [0.036]
humid2 0.440** 0.564** 0.416** 0.528** 0.420** 0.544** 0.355
[0.047] [0.058] [0.049] [0.061] [0.048] [0.060] [0.054]
humid3 0.217 0.463 0.207 0.447 0.181 0.412 0.151
[0.035] [0.043] [0.035] [0.043] [0.035] [0.044] [0.037]
humid4 -0.263 -0.483* -0.263 -0.482* -0.224 -0.434 -0.172
[0.041] [0.049] [0.041] [0.048] [0.041] [0.051] [0.045]
temp1 -0.03 0.165 0.078 0.311 -0.006 0.156 0.064
[0.175] [0.181] [0.181] [0.191] [0.182] [0.185] [0.187]
temp2 -0.484 -0.48 -0.508 -0.506 -0.43 -0.455 -0.357
[0.075] [0.089] [0.076] [0.089] [0.078] [0.091] [0.081]
temp3 0.146 0.165 0.121 0.131 0.121 0.152 0.063
[0.078] [0.083] [0.080] [0.084] [0.081] [0.085] [0.087]
temp4 0.467 0.25 0.405 0.163 0.445 0.258 0.295
[0.069] [0.074] [0.070] [0.076] [0.071] [0.075] [0.076]
temp5 -0.127 -0.136 -0.145 -0.162 -0.11 -0.101 -0.094
[0.057] [0.067] [0.057] [0.069] [0.058] [0.071] [0.059]
goldm -0.007 -0.054 -0.003 -0.049 -0.022 -0.066 -0.013
[0.021] [0.024] [0.020] [0.024] [0.021] [0.025] [0.020]
iron -0.159 -0.09 -0.158 -0.088 -0.121 -0.077 -0.133
[0.103] [0.096] [0.105] [0.101] [0.107] [0.098] [0.110]
silv 0.081 0.098 0.065 0.08 0.093 0.105 0.05
[0.075] [0.088] [0.078] [0.087] [0.078] [0.089] [0.082]
zinc -0.108 -0.195 -0.091 -0.173 -0.121 -0.193 -0.116
[0.114] [0.123] [0.116] [0.123] [0.116] [0.126] [0.119]
oilres 0.029 -0.003 0.031 -0.001 0.029 0.001 0.038
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.043 0.057
mar
[0.583] [0.644]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.119 -0.104
malaria
[0.041] [0.044]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.222
in
tropical
zones
[0.830]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.431*** 0.660*** 0.446***

[0.095] [0.101] [0.100]
0.211*** 0.196* 0.213***
[0.031] [0.041] [0.029]
-0.086 -0.128 -0.092
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
- - -
0.315*** 0.327*** 0.322***
[0.336] [0.298] [0.343]

0.152 0.206 0.16
[0.677] [0.907] [0.653]
0.035 0.045
[0.199] [0.201]
- -
0.209*** 0.205***
[0.186] [0.184]
-0.206** -0.208**
[0.229] [0.228]
-0.096** -0.094**
[0.268] [0.275]
0.406** 0.378* 0.409**
[0.013] [0.015] [0.013]
-0.216 -0.237 -0.218
[0.021] [0.022] [0.021]
-0.162 -0.192 -0.161
[0.016] [0.018] [0.015]
0.067 0.087 0.067
[0.016] [0.015] [0.015]
0.334 0.269 0.332
[0.053] [0.050] [0.053]
0.067 -0.122 0.059
[0.025] [0.034] [0.026]
0.094 0.131 0.099
[0.023] [0.027] [0.023]
-0.055 -0.025 -0.048
[0.022] [0.026] [0.023]
- -
-0.155
0.348*** 0.349***
[0.019] [0.017] [0.018]

0.112*** 0.103* 0.112***
[0.006] [0.010] [0.007]
-0.013 -0.058 -0.023
[0.024] [0.034] [0.029]
-0.036 -0.128 -0.044
[0.030] [0.041] [0.031]
0.186** 0.219* 0.201**
[0.029] [0.043] [0.036]
0.045** 0.047* 0.044**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.005
[0.223]
-0.065 -0.036
[0.350] [0.319]
0.886 0.825 0.885
68 68 68
0.323 0.465 0.301
0.002 0.008 0.006
7.098 9.015 6.15
0.029 0.011 0.046
5.518 7.001 4.827
0.063 0.03 0.089

0.015 0.205 0.004
0.004 0.342 0.003
0 0.105 0
-10 -11 -12

A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
0.356*** 0.267** 0.319**
[0.079] [0.082] [0.087]
0.312 0.262 0.307

[0.019] [0.018] [0.019]
0.249** 0.199 0.305**
[0.816] [0.985] [0.913]

-0.138 0.079 0.02
[3.161] [2.514] [2.798]
13.801** 11.979**
8.628***
* *
[138.460 [119.376
[91.190]
] ]
- -
-
13.774** 12.044**
8.844***
* *
[103.531
[69.062] [91.378]
]
0.378* 0.231
[0.804] [0.882]
-0.037 0.004
[0.782] [0.862]
0.448 0.331
[1.381] [1.518]
-0.019 -0.05
[1.581] [1.622]
-0.336 -0.252 -0.488
[0.040] [0.035] [0.040]
0.456* 0.396* 0.526**
[0.057] [0.053] [0.061]
0.434 0.192 0.426
[0.042] [0.039] [0.046]
-0.393 -0.235 -0.437
[0.047] [0.045] [0.051]
0.394 0.015 0.218
[0.185] [0.178] [0.183]
-0.253 -0.236 -0.335
[0.091] [0.091] [0.099]
0.025 0.061 0.101
[0.086] [0.080] [0.082]
-0.114 0.223 0.1
[0.078] [0.070] [0.073]
-0.083 -0.093 -0.135
[0.065] [0.055] [0.066]
-0.075 -0.013 -0.064
[0.022] [0.020] [0.024]
-0.021 -0.055 0.006
[0.102] [0.121] [0.107]
0.032 0.157 0.144
[0.090] [0.084] [0.094]
-0.237 -0.235 -0.314
[0.132] [0.121] [0.129]
0.006 0.04 0.007
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.401**
[0.776]
0.387 0.309
[0.990] [0.913]
68 68 68
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A5_8500 0.620* 0.464 0.805* 0.405 0.743* 0.464 0.731 0.413 1.038
[0.330] [0.336] [0.444] [0.312] [0.399] [0.330] [0.464] [0.328] [0.718]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.23 0.249 0.258 0.291*** 0.281* 0.290*** 0.269 0.289*** 0.185
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.079] [0.072] [0.073] [0.041] [0.066] [0.043] [0.070] [0.043] [0.103]
Hosftede
individua -0.137 0.006 -0.296 -0.135 -0.229 -0.127 -0.273 -0.135 -0.361
lism
[0.008] [0.009] [0.011] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.010] [0.008] [0.015]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.234** -0.173* -0.203* -0.194** -0.189* -0.188** -0.179* -0.194** -0.275**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.375] [0.368] [0.447] [0.320] [0.434] [0.336] [0.411] [0.323] [0.498]
Latitud 0.369** 0.163 0.102 0.097 0.083 0.047 0.14 0.093 -0.269
[0.750] [0.693] [1.289] [0.933] [1.303] [1.015] [1.255] [0.972] [2.710]
continent
0.152 0.151 0.149 0.151
==2
[0.291] [0.279] [0.287] [0.282]
continent - - -
-0.153*
==3 0.237*** 0.224*** 0.240***
[0.277] [0.208] [0.228] [0.223]

continent
-0.005 -0.143 -0.149 -0.143
==4
[0.242] [0.276] [0.286] [0.279]
continent
-0.055 -0.144 -0.155 -0.146
==5
[0.421] [0.646] [0.662] [0.667]
humid1 0.451 0.365* 0.324 0.308 0.461 0.364 0.754
[0.022] [0.015] [0.017] [0.013] [0.020] [0.015] [0.038]
humid2 -0.139 -0.099 -0.047 -0.065 -0.131 -0.1 -0.353
[0.034] [0.024] [0.025] [0.022] [0.032] [0.025] [0.060]
humid3 -0.201 -0.069 -0.161 -0.064 -0.21 -0.068 -0.372
[0.026] [0.018] [0.022] [0.018] [0.024] [0.018] [0.036]
humid4 0.02 -0.061 0.011 -0.053 0.029 -0.062 0.216
[0.024] [0.018] [0.020] [0.019] [0.022] [0.019] [0.037]
temp1 0.408 0.481 0.064 0.309 0.412 0.484 0.633
[0.080] [0.058] [0.077] [0.059] [0.073] [0.058] [0.117]
temp2 -0.847** -0.373 -0.753** -0.374 -0.788** -0.379 -0.760*
[0.046] [0.033] [0.040] [0.033] [0.047] [0.035] [0.053]
temp3 0.384** 0.229* 0.445** 0.287** 0.354* 0.231* 0.275
[0.042] [0.026] [0.044] [0.030] [0.041] [0.027] [0.050]
temp4 0.163 0.03 0.359 0.134 0.152 0.029 -0.19
[0.032] [0.021] [0.031] [0.023] [0.030] [0.021] [0.051]
temp5 -0.214 -0.383** -0.15 -0.359** -0.194 -0.385** -0.12
[0.029] [0.026] [0.026] [0.025] [0.027] [0.026] [0.036]
goldm 0.125** 0.107*** 0.112** 0.099*** 0.115** 0.108*** 0.124*
[0.010] [0.006] [0.009] [0.007] [0.010] [0.006] [0.013]
iron -0.12 0 -0.124 -0.002 -0.101 0 -0.06
[0.051] [0.038] [0.045] [0.037] [0.047] [0.038] [0.067]
silv -0.066 0.011 -0.017 0.039 -0.06 0.011 -0.128
[0.061] [0.037] [0.055] [0.039] [0.056] [0.037] [0.078]
zinc 0.067 0.066 0.015 0.023 0.057 0.065 0.026
[0.075] [0.050] [0.074] [0.057] [0.068] [0.052] [0.095]
oilres 0.134** 0.079** 0.123** 0.079** 0.128** 0.079** 0.171*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.132 -0.077
mar
[0.286] [0.254]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.071 0.006
malaria
[0.023] [0.021]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.423
in
tropical
zones
[0.996]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.62 0.716 0.52 0.814 0.582 0.793 0.579 0.807 0.297
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.94 0.13 0.952 0.199 0.842 0.25 0.806 0.205 0.918
p(UID) 0.026 0.061 0.127 0.178 0.087 0.16 0.184 0.206 0.279
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 9.12 8.686 8.378 6.347 8.121 6.027 6.806 6.088 7.173
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.01 0.013 0.015 0.042 0.017 0.049 0.033 0.048 0.028
Rubin)
S(Stock-
7.651 9.732 6.485 4.792 6.29 4.716 5.507 4.483 5.368
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.022 0.008 0.039 0.091 0.043 0.095 0.064 0.106 0.068
Wright)
p(humid) 0.093 0.001 0.274 0.031 0.042 0.001 0.181
p(temp) 0.062 0.004 0.051 0.005 0.102 0.004 0.236
p(natural 0.162 0.012 0.186 0.043 0.213 0.012 0.328
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.263* 0.297* 0.206 0.2 0.189 0.184 0.206 0.212 0.228
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.064] [0.066] [0.076] [0.083] [0.073] [0.082] [0.078] [0.084] [0.076]
Hosftede
individua 0.442** 0.408** 0.381 0.337 0.337 0.3 0.363 0.304 0.364
lism
[0.008] [0.009] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.038 0.017 -0.056 0.012 -0.065 -0.002 -0.044 0.012 0.027
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.473] [0.416] [0.763] [0.772] [0.755] [0.759] [0.753] [0.783] [0.803]
Latitud -0.087 -0.058 0.295 0.392 0.348 0.424 0.305 0.407 0.576*
[1.028] [1.170] [1.536] [1.579] [1.722] [1.743] [1.541] [1.582] [1.812]
gendiv 6.745 8.785* 7.917 8.833 8.341 9.162 7.436 8.494 6.16
[133.473 [103.274 [138.465 [103.041 [136.008 [103.645
[78.739] [98.775] [98.569]
] ] ] ] ] ]
gendiv_s
-6.964* -8.857* -7.985 -8.548 -8.443 -8.969 -7.473 -8.227 -6.224
q
[103.465 [101.488
[58.570] [73.958] [73.539] [99.741] [77.244] [77.307] [77.454]
] ]
continent
0.011 -0.011 0.016 -0.003
==2
[0.545] [0.735] [0.676] [0.740]
continent
0.087 -0.039 -0.027 0.022
==3
[0.567] [0.722] [0.666] [0.808]
continent
0.195 0.397 0.342 0.363
==4
[0.796] [1.018] [0.987] [1.054]
continent
0.022 0.197 0.175 0.201
==5
[0.711] [1.247] [1.210] [1.281]
humid1 -0.283 -0.357 -0.147 -0.23 -0.25 -0.313 -0.503
[0.031] [0.034] [0.027] [0.031] [0.032] [0.037] [0.033]
humid2 0.225 0.319 0.129 0.22 0.214 0.301 0.375
[0.045] [0.050] [0.040] [0.044] [0.046] [0.052] [0.049]
humid3 0.194 0.318 0.156 0.274 0.174 0.273 0.31
[0.033] [0.036] [0.030] [0.033] [0.034] [0.039] [0.033]
humid4 -0.112 -0.211 -0.114 -0.208 -0.091 -0.167 -0.27
[0.037] [0.041] [0.034] [0.038] [0.038] [0.045] [0.039]
temp1 -0.186 -0.247 0.239 0.161 -0.173 -0.254 -0.353
[0.174] [0.176] [0.177] [0.179] [0.177] [0.179] [0.173]
temp2 0.632* 0.589 0.54 0.516 0.661* 0.611 0.408
[0.048] [0.055] [0.046] [0.052] [0.049] [0.056] [0.052]
temp3 -0.206 -0.157 -0.301 -0.252 -0.219 -0.168 -0.062
[0.076] [0.078] [0.075] [0.077] [0.078] [0.081] [0.078]
temp4 0.098 0.104 -0.148 -0.138 0.086 0.111 0.4
[0.071] [0.075] [0.072] [0.077] [0.072] [0.076] [0.073]
temp5 -0.097 0 -0.167 -0.072 -0.088 0.031 -0.155
[0.050] [0.059] [0.049] [0.056] [0.050] [0.061] [0.048]
goldm -0.039 -0.039 -0.023 -0.024 -0.046 -0.049 -0.029
[0.013] [0.017] [0.013] [0.017] [0.013] [0.017] [0.013]
iron -0.042 -0.104 -0.039 -0.096 -0.021 -0.091 -0.087
[0.076] [0.092] [0.077] [0.093] [0.077] [0.094] [0.073]
silv 0.012 -0.041 -0.051 -0.092 0.019 -0.034 0.066
[0.086] [0.088] [0.082] [0.085] [0.085] [0.087] [0.090]
zinc 0.1 0.132 0.166 0.192 0.093 0.134 0.114
[0.110] [0.133] [0.111] [0.135] [0.111] [0.136] [0.103]
oilres -0.084 -0.08 -0.077 -0.074 -0.084 -0.076 -0.100*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.169 0.159
mar
[0.375] [0.391]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.064 -0.092
malaria
[0.032] [0.041]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.389*
in
tropical
zones
[0.601]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.885 0.884 0.501

[0.740] [0.538] [0.391]
0.158 0.163 0.225*
[0.086] [0.095] [0.049]
-0.236 -0.332 -0.142
[0.014] [0.012] [0.009]
-0.242** -0.181 -0.176**
[0.493] [0.484] [0.356]

-0.506 -0.114 -0.043
[2.949] [1.828] [1.236]
0.211 0.071
[0.473] [0.336]
- -
0.285*** 0.245***
[0.297] [0.227]
-0.132 -0.145
[0.409] [0.301]
-0.231 -0.176
[1.129] [0.734]
0.744 0.461 0.402*
[0.035] [0.021] [0.016]
-0.399 -0.201 -0.157
[0.060] [0.036] [0.029]
-0.274 -0.235 -0.13
[0.034] [0.027] [0.021]
0.165 0.062 -0.007
[0.038] [0.024] [0.021]
0.931 0.46 0.552
[0.102] [0.089] [0.059]
-0.35 -0.647* -0.325
[0.048] [0.046] [0.036]
0.113 0.325 0.198
[0.038] [0.045] [0.026]
-0.533 -0.06 -0.096
[0.042] [0.038] [0.022]
-0.329 -0.199 -0.390**
[0.040] [0.032] [0.027]
0.094* 0.122** 0.103***
[0.010] [0.011] [0.007]
0.137 -0.022 0.077
[0.089] [0.067] [0.055]
-0.051 0.005 0.051
[0.061] [0.066] [0.042]
-0.067 -0.042 -0.039
[0.101] [0.091] [0.068]
0.127* 0.150** 0.093**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.544
[1.006]
0.348 0.225
[0.702] [0.514]
0.526 0.455 0.776
68 68 68
0.614 0.899 0.296
0.427 0.152 0.214
7.098 9.015 6.15
0.029 0.011 0.046
5.518 7.001 4.827
0.063 0.03 0.089

0.012 0.127 0.003
0.231 0.157 0.009
0.312 0.195 0.039
-10 -11 -12

A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
0.232 0.254 0.247
[0.082] [0.089] [0.085]
0.31 0.373 0.323

[0.011] [0.010] [0.011]
0.042 -0.077 -0.007
[0.826] [0.795] [0.775]

0.687* 0.402 0.477
[1.998] [1.783] [1.819]
6.419 7.629 8.498
[137.931 [102.947 [138.616
] ] ]
-6.336 -7.673 -8.283
[102.646 [103.142
[76.656]
] ]
-0.03 0.078
[0.723] [0.808]
0.046 -0.011
[0.713] [0.715]
0.183 0.337
[1.022] [1.038]
0.163 0.196
[1.199] [1.252]
-0.537 -0.272 -0.371
[0.036] [0.029] [0.034]
0.432 0.248 0.346
[0.054] [0.044] [0.049]
0.349 0.207 0.344
[0.036] [0.033] [0.036]
-0.305 -0.126 -0.242
[0.044] [0.036] [0.041]
-0.487 -0.21 -0.283
[0.179] [0.176] [0.178]
0.352 0.503 0.488
[0.059] [0.050] [0.053]
-0.01 -0.162 -0.113
[0.082] [0.079] [0.080]
0.486 0.224 0.208
[0.079] [0.073] [0.076]
-0.056 -0.114 -0.001
[0.057] [0.051] [0.059]
-0.016 -0.036 -0.032
[0.017] [0.013] [0.017]
-0.176 -0.096 -0.17
[0.086] [0.089] [0.112]
0.028 -0.027 -0.072
[0.092] [0.086] [0.090]
0.176 0.166 0.214
[0.125] [0.118] [0.148]
-0.089 -0.090* -0.087
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.420*
[0.673]
-0.201 -0.214
[0.765] [0.908]
68 68 68
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
Scientific Scientific Scientific Scientific Scientific Scientific Scientific Scientific Scientific
Articles Articles Articles Articles Articles Articles Articles Articles Articles
A1_8500 0.21 0.168 0.137 0.097 0.111 0.077 0.182* 0.073 0.095
[0.040] [0.031] [0.032] [0.031] [0.032] [0.031] [0.030] [0.032] [0.033]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.270** 0.274** 0.300*** 0.301*** 0.321*** 0.324*** 0.305*** 0.315*** 0.323***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.013] [0.012] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.013]
Hosftede
individua 0.398*** 0.357*** 0.459*** 0.488*** 0.486*** 0.516*** 0.457*** 0.519*** 0.459***
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.074 0.068 0.157** 0.251** 0.170** 0.267** 0.138* 0.257** 0.184**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.077] [0.076] [0.080] [0.113] [0.080] [0.115] [0.085] [0.112] [0.091]
Latitud 0.287** 0.327** 0.416** 0.470** 0.387** 0.440*** 0.413** 0.449** 0.522**
[0.170] [0.206] [0.265] [0.248] [0.244] [0.222] [0.262] [0.253] [0.317]
continent
-0.009 0.11 0.116 0.116
==2
[0.057] [0.075] [0.078] [0.075]
continent
0.028 0.058 0.063 -0.025
==3
[0.051] [0.050] [0.051] [0.079]
continent
0.011 0.240** 0.247** 0.265**
==4
[0.043] [0.076] [0.075] [0.076]
continent
0.066 0.097 0.097 0.094
==5
[0.068] [0.119] [0.114] [0.114]
humid1 -0.048 -0.152 -0.072 -0.181 -0.059 -0.191 -0.157
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid2 -0.017 0.072 0.004 0.095 -0.017 0.091 0.063
[0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
humid3 0.069 0.18 0.045 0.159 0.06 0.188 0.134
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid4 -0.124 -0.248 -0.1 -0.227 -0.125 -0.282 -0.206
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
temp1 -0.564 -0.677 -0.77 -0.891 -0.574 -0.723 -0.709
[0.026] [0.025] [0.026] [0.025] [0.027] [0.025] [0.026]
temp2 0.356 0.26 0.410* 0.309 0.315 0.266 0.322
[0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007]
temp3 -0.136 -0.103 -0.102 -0.066 -0.124 -0.106 -0.069
[0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.010] [0.012] [0.011] [0.011]
temp4 0.046 0.052 0.162 0.173 0.073 0.067 0.198
[0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011]
temp5 0.339** 0.552*** 0.374*** 0.594*** 0.337** 0.549*** 0.309**
[0.006] [0.009] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.182*** 0.186*** 0.184*** 0.189*** 0.175*** 0.159*** 0.179***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

iron 0.343*** 0.342*** 0.345*** 0.346*** 0.330*** 0.337*** 0.318***
[0.014] [0.015] [0.013] [0.014] [0.014] [0.015] [0.013]
silv 0.159 0.128 0.184 0.153 0.148 0.122 0.19
[0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012]
zinc -0.359** -0.396** -0.397** -0.437** -0.345* -0.407** -0.361**
[0.016] [0.018] [0.017] [0.018] [0.016] [0.019] [0.016]
oilres 0.041 0.028 0.033 0.021 0.053 0.02 0.021
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.078 -0.083
mar
[0.086] [0.082]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.059 0.101
malaria
[0.003] [0.005]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.159
in
tropical
zones
[0.078]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.678 0.672 0.705 0.697 0.708 0.699 0.692 0.696 0.709
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
p(OID) 0.286 0.047 0.436 0.107 0.41 0.108 0.336 0.091 0.311
p(UID) 0.002 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 0.002 0 0.003
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 5.568 23.619 2.253 4.538 1.73 3.694 4.378 3.831 1.667
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.062 0 0.324 0.103 0.421 0.158 0.112 0.147 0.435
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.191 6.014 2.192 4.641 1.624 3.837 3.794 4.06 1.62
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.075 0.049 0.334 0.098 0.444 0.147 0.15 0.131 0.445
Wright)
p(humid) 0.553 0.416 0.569 0.456 0.467 0.318 0.442
p(temp) 0.086 0.021 0.051 0.008 0.1 0.013 0.062
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0.005 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.123 0.016 0.08 0.077 0.08 0.071 0.088 0.081 0.109
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.081] [0.081] [0.093] [0.088] [0.094] [0.087] [0.095] [0.087] [0.091]
Hosftede
individua 0.164 0.259 0.251 0.335 0.252 0.329 0.263 0.342 0.241
lism
[0.008] [0.009] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.113 0.122 0.025 0.113 0.025 0.109 0.014 0.114 0.071
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.521] [0.541] [0.685] [0.803] [0.673] [0.801] [0.690] [0.806] [0.669]
Latitud -0.062 -0.282 -0.099 -0.42 -0.099 -0.413 -0.102 -0.423 0.067
[0.982] [1.150] [1.426] [1.689] [1.476] [1.727] [1.456] [1.709] [1.696]
12.896** 18.749** 18.867** 18.619**
gendiv 7.426** 13.203** 13.192** 13.504** 11.909**
* * * *
[107.535 [112.997 [110.768
[58.723] [66.041] [83.285] [85.740] [83.680] [91.831]
] ] ]
- - - - -
gendiv_s - - -
-7.896** 14.045** 20.147** 20.272** 13.989** 20.005**
q 13.658** 13.647** 12.355**
* * * * *
[44.412] [48.967] [63.218] [78.561] [65.146] [82.792] [63.626] [81.130] [69.720]
continent
0.648*** 0.894*** 0.898*** 0.889***
==2
[0.385] [0.483] [0.492] [0.493]
continent
0.349** 0.391* 0.392* 0.362
==3
[0.427] [0.596] [0.605] [0.698]
continent
-0.244 -0.297 -0.299 -0.285
==4
[0.767] [1.243] [1.253] [1.270]
continent
-0.174 -0.218 -0.219 -0.217
==5
[0.907] [1.365] [1.381] [1.388]
humid1 -0.099 -0.314 -0.1 -0.308 -0.111 -0.325 -0.246
[0.024] [0.025] [0.025] [0.025] [0.025] [0.026] [0.027]
humid2 0.176 0.186 0.176 0.18 0.181 0.191 0.277
[0.038] [0.039] [0.039] [0.039] [0.038] [0.040] [0.044]
humid3 -0.008 0.023 -0.009 0.03 -0.019 0.026 0.082
[0.028] [0.028] [0.028] [0.029] [0.028] [0.029] [0.029]
humid4 -0.068 -0.211 -0.067 -0.219 -0.073 -0.221 -0.184
[0.033] [0.038] [0.034] [0.038] [0.033] [0.039] [0.036]
temp1 -0.278 -0.166 -0.284 -0.105 -0.305 -0.178 -0.484
[0.161] [0.159] [0.161] [0.173] [0.159] [0.163] [0.152]
temp2 0.388 0.428 0.389 0.416 0.359 0.427 0.3
[0.059] [0.063] [0.059] [0.065] [0.063] [0.064] [0.063]
temp3 0.017 -0.02 0.018 -0.031 0.026 -0.021 0.109
[0.059] [0.058] [0.059] [0.059] [0.059] [0.059] [0.063]
temp4 0.064 -0.227 0.067 -0.263 0.093 -0.221 0.284
[0.056] [0.059] [0.057] [0.062] [0.057] [0.060] [0.056]
temp5 -0.231 -0.068 -0.23 -0.081 -0.227 -0.069 -0.231
[0.058] [0.056] [0.058] [0.059] [0.058] [0.057] [0.057]
goldm 0.105 0.098 0.105 0.099 0.117 0.105 0.106
[0.014] [0.017] [0.014] [0.017] [0.015] [0.018] [0.014]
iron -0.142 -0.04 -0.142 -0.042 -0.155 -0.042 -0.161
[0.099] [0.090] [0.100] [0.091] [0.102] [0.092] [0.100]
silv 0.035 0.068 0.036 0.061 0.026 0.065 0.076
[0.068] [0.075] [0.069] [0.077] [0.070] [0.076] [0.070]
zinc -0.087 -0.152 -0.088 -0.141 -0.082 -0.155 -0.092
[0.102] [0.089] [0.102] [0.089] [0.103] [0.090] [0.103]
- - -
oilres -0.235** -0.235** -0.234** -0.250**
0.267*** 0.267*** 0.268***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
-0.002 0.024
mar
[0.438] [0.409]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.053 0.032
malaria
[0.047] [0.047]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.228
in
tropical
zones
[0.701]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
Scientific Scientific Scientific
0.067 0.101 0.1

[0.030] [0.034] [0.030]
0.328*** 0.341** 0.346***
[0.012] [0.015] [0.013]
0.481*** 0.468*** 0.475***
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
0.277** 0.142** 0.234***
[0.119] [0.069] [0.094]

0.604** 0.507** 0.574***
[0.322] [0.309] [0.301]
0.106 0.19
[0.073] [0.095]
0.08 0.077
[0.046] [0.049]
0.246* 0.245*
[0.082] [0.079]
0.105 0.112
[0.124] [0.134]
-0.278 -0.08 -0.216
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
0.165 0.032 0.139
[0.007] [0.005] [0.007]
0.254 0.116 0.265
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
-0.341 -0.161 -0.316
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
-0.851 -0.581 -0.697
[0.025] [0.026] [0.025]
0.196 0.249 0.136
[0.007] [0.008] [0.008]
-0.017 -0.096 -0.048
[0.011] [0.012] [0.011]
0.243 0.147 0.157
[0.010] [0.011] [0.010]
0.528*** 0.318** 0.543***
[0.009] [0.006] [0.009]
- - -
0.184*** 0.181*** 0.187***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.307** 0.286* 0.263*
[0.014] [0.017] [0.018]
0.158 0.133 0.092
[0.012] [0.012] [0.011]
-0.390** -0.309 -0.309
[0.018] [0.017] [0.020]
0.01 0.026 0.018
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.187
[0.086]
-0.177 -0.234
[0.126] [0.143]
0.7 0.708 0.697
65 65 65
0.182 0.59 0.135
0 0.001 0
2.815 1.081 4.21
0.245 0.582 0.122
3.027 1.062 3.935
0.22 0.588 0.14

0.309 0.637 0.358
0.014 0.16 0.053
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12

A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
0.093 0.075 0.149
[0.089] [0.103] [0.091]
0.32 0.252 0.316

[0.011] [0.012] [0.011]
0.129 0.027 0.082
[0.793] [0.725] [0.806]

-0.298 -0.109 -0.253
[1.775] [1.643] [1.710]
18.481**
17.443** 13.225**
*
[117.676 [106.657
[85.492]
] ]
- -
-
18.913** 19.948**
13.684**
* *
[85.353] [65.058] [78.123]
0.894*** 1.048***
[0.496] [0.546]
0.413* 0.434*
[0.607] [0.642]
-0.378 -0.343
[1.319] [1.246]
-0.222 -0.204
[1.375] [1.292]
-0.384 -0.096 -0.406
[0.026] [0.026] [0.027]
0.233 0.171 0.284
[0.039] [0.044] [0.042]
0.043 -0.014 0.141
[0.028] [0.030] [0.030]
-0.263 -0.064 -0.312
[0.037] [0.035] [0.038]
-0.342 -0.278 -0.211
[0.163] [0.163] [0.161]
0.369 0.4 0.227
[0.064] [0.071] [0.067]
0.041 0.012 0.064
[0.061] [0.066] [0.061]
-0.048 0.053 -0.052
[0.061] [0.059] [0.060]
-0.06 -0.227 -0.069
[0.057] [0.059] [0.057]
0.107 0.106 0.1
[0.017] [0.014] [0.016]
-0.065 -0.136 -0.17
[0.092] [0.117] [0.095]
0.098 0.038 0.011
[0.080] [0.069] [0.074]
-0.137 -0.094 -0.004
[0.090] [0.111] [0.091]
- -
-0.235**
0.273*** 0.283***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.165
[0.546]
0.02 -0.391
[0.876] [0.613]
65 65 65
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 1.413 1.014** -0.209 0.616 -0.168 0.471 -0.38 0.437 -0.439
[0.180] [0.084] [0.135] [0.082] [0.117] [0.067] [0.153] [0.070] [0.137]
Total
years of
schoolin -0.307 -0.127 0.413 0.089 0.411 0.173 0.485 0.17 0.516
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.057] [0.026] [0.037] [0.022] [0.031] [0.017] [0.040] [0.020] [0.038]
Hosftede
individua 0.133 0.226 0.500* 0.367** 0.516** 0.438*** 0.544* 0.448*** 0.569*
lism
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.004] [0.002] [0.003]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.157 0.107 0.135* 0.248** 0.150** 0.271** 0.122 0.257** 0.172*
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.130] [0.105] [0.084] [0.121] [0.082] [0.119] [0.102] [0.110] [0.111]
Latitud -0.166 0.11 0.476 0.291 0.438 0.287 0.528 0.311 0.675*
[0.414] [0.195] [0.463] [0.295] [0.428] [0.262] [0.500] [0.276] [0.497]
continent
-0.25 -0.041 0 0.01
==2
[0.098] [0.095] [0.081] [0.088]
continent
0.001 0.011 0.031 -0.097
==3
[0.067] [0.053] [0.050] [0.084]
continent
-0.018 0.219* 0.231** 0.259**
==4
[0.062] [0.079] [0.072] [0.072]
continent
-0.016 0.047 0.058 0.055
==5
[0.101] [0.128] [0.110] [0.117]
humid1 -0.037 -0.087 -0.061 -0.146 -0.046 -0.163 -0.181
[0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
humid2 0.013 -0.007 0.026 0.046 0.033 0.042 0.129
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.005] [0.007] [0.006] [0.008]
humid3 0.077 0.106 0.054 0.089 0.082 0.138 0.165
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
humid4 -0.146 -0.137 -0.12 -0.128 -0.167 -0.219 -0.27
[0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
temp1 -0.724 -0.457 -0.883 -0.832 -0.799 -0.584 -0.938
[0.032] [0.020] [0.029] [0.020] [0.035] [0.020] [0.035]
temp2 0.451 0.154 0.484** 0.25 0.466 0.19 0.418
[0.009] [0.008] [0.008] [0.007] [0.010] [0.008] [0.010]
temp3 -0.16 -0.038 -0.124 0.003 -0.176 -0.062 -0.11
[0.014] [0.008] [0.014] [0.008] [0.016] [0.008] [0.016]
temp4 0.129 0.022 0.22 0.214 0.17 0.052 0.314
[0.012] [0.008] [0.012] [0.008] [0.013] [0.008] [0.014]
temp5 0.343* 0.442** 0.374** 0.532*** 0.355* 0.468** 0.333*
[0.008] [0.009] [0.007] [0.008] [0.009] [0.009] [0.009]
goldm -0.216 -0.043 -0.211 -0.082 -0.25 -0.046 -0.268
[0.009] [0.005] [0.008] [0.004] [0.011] [0.005] [0.009]
iron 0.366** 0.315** 0.364** 0.326*** 0.375** 0.315** 0.353**
[0.019] [0.015] [0.017] [0.013] [0.020] [0.015] [0.019]
silv 0.154 0.188 0.178 0.211 0.136 0.161 0.166
[0.013] [0.013] [0.014] [0.014] [0.013] [0.013] [0.015]
-
zinc -0.331* -0.500** -0.370** -0.307 -0.485** -0.314
0.538***
[0.017] [0.019] [0.017] [0.019] [0.018] [0.019] [0.018]

oilres 0.015 -0.012 0.012 -0.012 0.021 -0.011 0.01
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.071 -0.127
mar
[0.098] [0.083]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.026 0.150*
malaria
[0.004] [0.005]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.186
in
tropical
zones
[0.105]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.513 0.678 0.651 0.731 0.662 0.752 0.581 0.745 0.563
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
p(OID) 0.506 0.17 0.198 0.249 0.257 0.191 0.123 0.156 0.365
p(UID) 0.532 0.111 0.499 0.17 0.415 0.107 0.485 0.112 0.431
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 5.568 23.619 2.253 4.538 1.73 3.694 4.378 3.831 1.667
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.062 0 0.324 0.103 0.421 0.158 0.112 0.147 0.435
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.191 6.014 2.192 4.641 1.624 3.837 3.794 4.06 1.62
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.075 0.049 0.334 0.098 0.444 0.147 0.15 0.131 0.445
Wright)
p(humid) 0.697 0.515 0.68 0.473 0.708 0.31 0.593
p(temp) 0.432 0.346 0.225 0.087 0.544 0.253 0.663
p(natural 0.15 0.031 0.111 0.012 0.204 0.019 0.283
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.460*** 0.393*** 0.375*** 0.357*** 0.352*** 0.332*** 0.371*** 0.343*** 0.365***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.065] [0.066] [0.067] [0.068] [0.068] [0.067] [0.069] [0.068] [0.068]
Hosftede
individua 0.195* 0.164 0.268* 0.27 0.243 0.243 0.262 0.243 0.272*
lism
[0.007] [0.008] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.077 -0.033 -0.039 0.023 -0.055 0.006 -0.032 0.019 -0.055
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.661] [0.614] [0.781][0.825] [0.767] [0.811] [0.797] [0.814] [0.782]
Latitud 0.254** 0.174 0.285 0.212 0.316* 0.24 0.287 0.225 0.225
[0.897] [0.885] [1.357][1.593] [1.413] [1.643] [1.380] [1.607] [1.681]
gendiv 2.352 5.248* 2.5 5.121 2.963 5.634 2.327 5.609 2.971
[108.791 [108.238 [111.088
[65.906] [75.894] [74.793] [74.088] [74.467] [77.247]
] ] ]
gendiv_s
-2.342 -5.364* -2.44 -5.317 -2.914 -5.86 -2.251 -5.851 -2.915
q
[49.343] [58.666] [55.088] [80.158] [54.643] [79.932] [54.869] [81.749] [56.816]
continent
0.369*** 0.391** 0.405** 0.410**
==2
[0.436] [0.619] [0.569] [0.566]
continent
0.131 0.17 0.173 0.280*
==3
[0.633] [0.681] [0.635] [0.828]
continent
0.091 0.048 0.036 0.005
==4
[0.748] [1.286] [1.289] [1.301]
continent
0.069 0.042 0.036 0.038
==5
[0.784] [1.123] [1.109] [1.132]
humid1 -0.066 -0.203 -0.04 -0.176 -0.059 -0.164 -0.012
[0.026] [0.033] [0.026] [0.032] [0.027] [0.034] [0.032]
humid2 0.124 0.188 0.105 0.165 0.121 0.169 0.088
[0.036] [0.048] [0.036] [0.048] [0.037] [0.049] [0.044]
humid3 0.065 0.156 0.094 0.186 0.071 0.145 0.033
[0.030] [0.039] [0.030] [0.038] [0.030] [0.039] [0.032]
humid4 -0.112 -0.233 -0.142 -0.266 -0.109 -0.197 -0.069
[0.032] [0.046] [0.032] [0.044] [0.032] [0.045] [0.037]
temp1 -0.263 -0.319 -0.022 -0.055 -0.247 -0.271 -0.188
[0.157] [0.157] [0.156] [0.160] [0.161] [0.159] [0.169]
temp2 0.194 0.214 0.143 0.162 0.211 0.219 0.227
[0.050] [0.057] [0.049] [0.054] [0.050] [0.059] [0.052]
temp3 -0.11 -0.089 -0.149 -0.135 -0.115 -0.087 -0.143
[0.066] [0.071] [0.064] [0.069] [0.067] [0.073] [0.074]
temp4 0.087 -0.011 -0.051 -0.168 0.07 -0.034 0.007
[0.063] [0.066] [0.061] [0.066] [0.064] [0.067] [0.069]
temp5 -0.035 0.119 -0.089 0.062 -0.037 0.122 -0.035
[0.056] [0.061] [0.054] [0.058] [0.057] [0.061] [0.056]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.230*** 0.229*** 0.225*** 0.223*** 0.237*** 0.257*** 0.230***
[0.014] [0.019] [0.014] [0.018] [0.015] [0.020] [0.014]

iron 0.039 0.023 0.031 0.017 0.047 0.028 0.046
[0.069] [0.065] [0.070] [0.065] [0.070] [0.066] [0.070]
silv -0.081 -0.094 -0.11 -0.123 -0.076 -0.085 -0.096
[0.054] [0.056] [0.055] [0.056] [0.054] [0.057] [0.063]
zinc 0.118 0.133 0.163 0.18 0.116 0.141 0.12
[0.097] [0.102] [0.097] [0.099] [0.098] [0.105] [0.099]
oilres 0.028 0.02 0.031 0.022 0.028 0.022 0.034
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.094 0.103
mar
[0.397] [0.406]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.031 -0.119
malaria
[0.027] [0.047]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.083
in
tropical
zones
[0.680]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
0.465 0.17 0.667

[0.066] [0.113] [0.082]
0.173 0.314 0.145
[0.019] [0.030] [0.021]
0.388*** 0.414** 0.336**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.279*** 0.124** 0.219**
[0.112] [0.063] [0.104]

0.503** 0.486* 0.448**
[0.319] [0.361] [0.285]
-0.014 0.078
[0.085] [0.100]
0.053 0.04
[0.049] [0.054]
0.226* 0.223*
[0.077] [0.079]
0.067 0.067
[0.126] [0.138]
-0.258 -0.075 -0.187
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
0.125 0.038 0.098
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
0.213 0.126 0.241
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.277 -0.155 -0.239
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
-0.719 -0.589 -0.469
[0.020] [0.026] [0.020]
0.091 0.226 -0.061
[0.007] [0.012] [0.009]
0.054 -0.058 0.058
[0.008] [0.013] [0.009]
0.267 0.204 0.193
[0.008] [0.010] [0.007]
0.437** 0.287* 0.418*
[0.009] [0.008] [0.009]
-0.077 -0.134 -0.034
[0.004] [0.007] [0.005]
0.276** 0.254 0.181
[0.014] [0.024] [0.019]
0.209 0.144 0.133
[0.013] [0.012] [0.013]
-0.466** -0.298 -0.364*
[0.018] [0.017] [0.019]

-0.021 -0.005 -0.03
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.233**
[0.070]
-0.249 -0.387**
[0.154] [0.115]
0.748 0.739 0.74
65 65 65
0.419 0.312 0.339
0.121 0.479 0.169
2.815 1.081 4.21
0.245 0.582 0.122
3.027 1.062 3.935
0.22 0.588 0.14

0.343 0.729 0.71
0.383 0.655 0.279
0.102 0.69 0.501
-10 -11 -12

A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
0.345*** 0.308** 0.325***
[0.067] [0.078] [0.073]

0.281* 0.278* 0.278
[0.011] [0.011] [0.012]
0.01 0.001 0.037
[0.800] [0.766] [0.825]

0.117 0.132 0.136
[1.967] [1.505] [1.763]
6.136 2.848 5.243
[120.742 [109.175
[73.276]
] ]
-6.276 -2.842 -5.408

[89.160] [54.594] [80.707]
0.391** 0.321*
[0.608] [0.642]
0.153 0.15
[0.687] [0.696]
0.111 0.069
[1.211] [1.230]
0.045 0.035
[1.081] [1.104]
-0.149 -0.013 -0.162
[0.036] [0.025] [0.034]
0.151 0.05 0.143
[0.051] [0.036] [0.050]
0.141 -0.022 0.103
[0.039] [0.029] [0.040]
-0.193 -0.055 -0.187
[0.047] [0.033] [0.047]
-0.182 -0.263 -0.298
[0.174] [0.156] [0.158]
0.261 0.382 0.306
[0.057] [0.057] [0.063]
-0.136 -0.181 -0.127
[0.078] [0.066] [0.071]
-0.15 -0.08 -0.09
[0.074] [0.063] [0.066]
0.112 0.018 0.119
[0.062] [0.050] [0.060]
- - -
0.237*** 0.224*** 0.231***
[0.019] [0.014] [0.019]

0.042 0.135 0.082
[0.063] [0.084] [0.077]
-0.117 -0.036 -0.068
[0.065] [0.057] [0.060]
0.121 0.016 0.065
[0.102] [0.098] [0.104]
0.024 0.04 0.027
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.128
[0.680]
0.304 0.178
[0.779] [0.685]
65 65 65
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 0.268** 0.514** 0.044 0.252** 0.014 0.241* 0.009 0.231** -0.054
[0.017] [0.030] [0.018] [0.017] [0.019] [0.018] [0.021] [0.016] [0.018]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.279*** 0.152 0.314** 0.216** 0.344*** 0.236** 0.340** 0.242** 0.376**
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.011] [0.013] [0.015] [0.011] [0.014] [0.011] [0.015] [0.012] [0.016]
Hosftede
individua 0.357*** 0.254* 0.446*** 0.498*** 0.475*** 0.520*** 0.437*** 0.550*** 0.442***
lism
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.063 0.106 0.134* 0.282*** 0.153** 0.291*** 0.118 0.279*** 0.184**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.074] [0.103] [0.075] [0.113] [0.072] [0.114] [0.088] [0.104] [0.094]
Latitud 0.172* 0.272** 0.380* 0.311* 0.369* 0.295** 0.399* 0.285* 0.593**
[0.139] [0.164] [0.303] [0.221] [0.284] [0.200] [0.323] [0.227] [0.384]
continent
0.13 0.216* 0.211 0.203*
==2
[0.060] [0.073] [0.077] [0.070]
continent
0.142 0.09 0.096 -0.058
==3
[0.087] [0.050] [0.051] [0.064]
continent
0.212*** 0.360*** 0.357*** 0.374***
==4
[0.043] [0.071] [0.072] [0.065]
continent
0.127** 0.151** 0.148** 0.134**
==5
[0.081] [0.098] [0.097] [0.094]
humid1 -0.069 -0.394* -0.075 -0.405* -0.046 -0.444* -0.136
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
humid2 0.009 0.213 0.018 0.223 -0.002 0.228 0.072
[0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.006]
humid3 0.102 0.383* 0.057 0.353* 0.077 0.380* 0.111
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
humid4 -0.134 -0.360** -0.103 -0.334* -0.129 -0.404** -0.221
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
temp1 -0.586 -0.325 -0.839 -0.503 -0.677 -0.43 -0.891
[0.027] [0.021] [0.028] [0.023] [0.028] [0.021] [0.029]
temp2 0.425** 0.255 0.470** 0.286 0.415* 0.261 0.340*
[0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
temp3 -0.147 -0.2 -0.1 -0.166 -0.124 -0.191 -0.026
[0.011] [0.009] [0.011] [0.009] [0.012] [0.009] [0.012]
temp4 0.028 -0.376 0.194 -0.26 0.121 -0.312 0.38
[0.011] [0.009] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.009] [0.012]
temp5 0.305* 0.532*** 0.357** 0.564*** 0.316* 0.518*** 0.306*
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.007]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.171*** 0.175*** 0.175*** 0.180*** 0.163*** 0.132*** 0.170***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

iron 0.335** 0.253* 0.347** 0.259** 0.342** 0.248* 0.335**
[0.017] [0.016] [0.017] [0.015] [0.019] [0.015] [0.017]
silv 0.184 0.175 0.202 0.191 0.172 0.162 0.193
[0.013] [0.013] [0.013] [0.013] [0.012] [0.013] [0.013]
zinc -0.350* -0.379** -0.394** -0.413** -0.341* -0.398** -0.357*
[0.017] [0.018] [0.017] [0.017] [0.018] [0.018] [0.017]
oilres 0.011 0.018 0.007 0.015 0.009 0.012 -0.007
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.085 -0.067
mar
[0.091] [0.081]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.039 0.185**
malaria
[0.004] [0.005]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.216*
in
tropical
zones
[0.087]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.736 0.677 0.718 0.761 0.708 0.759 0.7 0.768 0.682
Observat
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
ions
p(OID) 0.325 0.88 0.157 0.995 0.211 0.893 0.055 0.68 0.215
p(UID) 0.001 0.016 0.002 0 0.002 0 0.003 0 0.002
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 5.627 23.381 2.245 4.344 1.71 3.536 4.343 3.744 1.776
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.06 0 0.325 0.114 0.425 0.171 0.114 0.154 0.412
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.226 5.883 2.171 4.423 1.588 3.668 3.771 3.957 1.706
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.073 0.053 0.338 0.11 0.452 0.16 0.152 0.138 0.426
Wright)
p(humid) 0.665 0.303 0.65 0.325 0.645 0.161 0.469
p(temp) 0.054 0.005 0.032 0.003 0.051 0.001 0.073
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.264 0.308 0.337 0.451** 0.348 0.463** 0.304 0.408* 0.323
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.151] [0.167] [0.169] [0.168] [0.176] [0.173] [0.165] [0.165] [0.163]
Hosftede
individua 0.173 0.205 0.014 0.114 0.026 0.127 -0.035 0.032 0.018
lism
[0.018] [0.021] [0.028] [0.026] [0.027] [0.026] [0.028] [0.025] [0.028]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.08 -0.066 -0.035 -0.001 -0.028 0.007 0.018 -0.002 -0.06
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[1.053] [1.457] [1.223] [1.180] [1.243] [1.221] [1.191] [1.156] [1.419]
Latitud 0.043 0.018 0.52 0.575 0.505 0.562 0.54 0.627 0.44
[1.939] [2.177] [3.492] [3.936] [3.517] [3.949] [3.683] [4.038] [4.207]
12.516** 21.241**
gendiv 11.786** 14.647** 19.851** 14.425** 19.591** 13.152** 15.358**
* *
[141.039 [177.883 [200.794 [276.610 [209.532 [287.709 [197.845 [260.590 [226.907
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
- -
gendiv_s - - - - - - -
12.431** 20.475**
q 11.474** 14.582** 18.940** 14.355** 18.666** 12.966** 15.293**
* *
[106.127 [132.477 [152.236 [205.172 [159.159 [214.333 [150.611 [190.679 [171.279
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
continent
-0.116 -0.414 -0.421 -0.35
==2
[0.727] [1.158] [1.216] [0.895]
continent
-0.116 -0.101 -0.103 0.252
==3
[1.192] [1.340] [1.375] [1.565]
continent
0.142 0.746 0.753 0.627
==4
[1.580] [3.404] [3.429] [3.308]
continent
-0.036 -0.07 -0.068 -0.076
==5
[1.511] [2.855] [2.907] [2.956]
humid1 0.603* 0.373 0.591* 0.359 0.669** 0.511 0.664*
[0.044] [0.061] [0.045] [0.062] [0.043] [0.053] [0.049]
humid2 -0.27 -0.075 -0.261 -0.063 -0.299 -0.137 -0.313
[0.058] [0.104] [0.059] [0.105] [0.060] [0.099] [0.072]
humid3 -0.528 -0.234 -0.542 -0.249 -0.501 -0.291 -0.558
[0.048] [0.074] [0.049] [0.074] [0.048] [0.074] [0.053]
humid4 0.162 0.018 0.176 0.034 0.192 0.137 0.212
[0.061] [0.086] [0.062] [0.086] [0.060] [0.092] [0.077]
temp1 -1.372 -0.944 -1.483 -1.073 -1.238 -0.762 -1.287
[0.279] [0.289] [0.304] [0.314] [0.284] [0.294] [0.302]
temp2 0.254 -0.053 0.277 -0.028 0.364 -0.071 0.307
[0.092] [0.106] [0.096] [0.112] [0.099] [0.102] [0.099]
temp3 0.476* 0.573* 0.494* 0.595* 0.427 0.569* 0.439
[0.116] [0.123] [0.118] [0.125] [0.120] [0.124] [0.124]
temp4 1.515* 1.517* 1.579* 1.595* 1.387 1.44 1.413
[0.115] [0.114] [0.120] [0.119] [0.116] [0.114] [0.125]
temp5 -0.082 -0.368 -0.057 -0.34 -0.094 -0.348 -0.085
[0.079] [0.112] [0.082] [0.117] [0.079] [0.111] [0.080]
goldm -0.029 -0.154 -0.031 -0.157 -0.077 -0.241* -0.031
[0.025] [0.035] [0.025] [0.036] [0.026] [0.043] [0.024]
iron 0.16 0.257* 0.164 0.260* 0.221 0.275** 0.167
[0.125] [0.105] [0.128] [0.107] [0.138] [0.111] [0.123]
silv -0.228* -0.263* -0.215 -0.249* -0.191 -0.244* -0.244*
[0.086] [0.092] [0.091] [0.096] [0.090] [0.086] [0.092]
zinc -0.018 -0.217 -0.038 -0.24 -0.039 -0.189 -0.016
[0.118] [0.143] [0.114] [0.136] [0.121] [0.143] [0.123]
oilres -0.062 -0.097 -0.063 -0.098 -0.065 -0.088 -0.056
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.044 -0.051
mar
[0.820] [0.839]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.233* -0.380**
malaria
[0.058] [0.088]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.106
in
tropical
zones
[1.260]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
0.161 0.031 0.240**

[0.015] [0.020] [0.016]
0.279** 0.356** 0.267**
[0.012] [0.017] [0.013]
0.491*** 0.459*** 0.482***
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.310*** 0.124** 0.260***
[0.116] [0.064] [0.097]

0.525** 0.490* 0.424**
[0.299] [0.364] [0.252]
0.176 0.296*
[0.071] [0.092]
0.106* 0.106*
[0.048] [0.053]
0.341*** 0.356***
[0.074] [0.071]
0.145** 0.165**
[0.104] [0.111]
-0.440* -0.104 -0.453*
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
0.265 0.058 0.279
[0.006] [0.006] [0.007]
0.375* 0.151 0.470*
[0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
-0.423** -0.175 -0.428**
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
-0.615 -0.607 -0.377
[0.022] [0.028] [0.022]
0.154 0.291 0.143
[0.007] [0.008] [0.008]
-0.078 -0.096 -0.136
[0.009] [0.012] [0.010]
-0.012 0.147 -0.245
[0.010] [0.011] [0.009]
0.516*** 0.293* 0.523***
[0.008] [0.007] [0.008]
- - -
0.175*** 0.174*** 0.177***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.247* 0.274 0.175
[0.015] [0.019] [0.019]
0.182 0.15 0.139
[0.013] [0.013] [0.013]
-0.380** -0.298 -0.29
[0.017] [0.018] [0.020]
0.003 0.002 0.006
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.210**
[0.070]
-0.196 -0.243
[0.131] [0.133]
0.752 0.713 0.763
64 64 64
0.982 0.36 0.885
0 0.002 0
2.256 1.011 4.046
0.324 0.603 0.132
2.401 1.001 3.794
0.301 0.606 0.15

0.208 0.692 0.236
0.004 0.141 0.02
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12

A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
0.423** 0.373* 0.452**
[0.161] [0.157] [0.158]
0.135 0.008 0.114

[0.026] [0.027] [0.026]
-0.037 -0.059 -0.002
[1.368] [1.283] [1.236]

0.372 0.598 0.578
[4.971] [4.106] [4.815]
22.101** 14.531** 19.848**
[303.239 [204.523 [278.160

] ] ]
- - -
21.078** 14.435** 18.938**
[227.038 [154.736 [207.014

] ] ]
-0.414 -0.411
[1.131] [1.312]
-0.136 -0.101
[1.317] [1.437]
0.862 0.745
[3.078] [3.369]
-0.068 -0.07
[2.774] [2.928]
0.474 0.57 0.371
[0.064] [0.046] [0.067]
-0.149 -0.228 -0.073
[0.110] [0.068] [0.118]
-0.248 -0.475 -0.232
[0.073] [0.053] [0.082]
0.099 0.129 0.016
[0.095] [0.066] [0.097]
-0.687 -1.379 -0.945
[0.323] [0.280] [0.291]
0.069 0.163 -0.056
[0.115] [0.099] [0.115]
0.485 0.516* 0.574*
[0.135] [0.118] [0.132]
1.233 1.603* 1.520*
[0.130] [0.115] [0.115]
-0.39 -0.112 -0.368
[0.113] [0.080] [0.113]
-0.171* -0.033 -0.154
[0.033] [0.025] [0.036]
0.295** 0.108 0.255
[0.106] [0.144] [0.140]
-0.304** -0.251* -0.264
[0.092] [0.094] [0.109]
-0.242 0.036 -0.214
[0.146] [0.128] [0.148]
-0.09 -0.069 -0.097
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.265
[1.385]
-0.16 -0.007
[1.240] [1.515]
64 64 64
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 0.628* 0.235* 0.199 0.252 0.148 0.213 0.24 0.185 0.061
[0.055] [0.022] [0.030] [0.030] [0.030] [0.029] [0.035] [0.028] [0.025]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.022 0.21 0.251* 0.227* 0.288** 0.262** 0.257* 0.264** 0.326**
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.024] [0.016] [0.015] [0.014] [0.014] [0.012] [0.016] [0.014] [0.015]
Hosftede
individua 0.352*** 0.348*** 0.422*** 0.453*** 0.459*** 0.487*** 0.407*** 0.503*** 0.442***
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.022 0.047 0.117* 0.198* 0.140** 0.221** 0.078 0.219* 0.174**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.095] [0.084] [0.076] [0.124] [0.068] [0.119] [0.092] [0.121] [0.087]
Latitud 0.069 0.270** 0.341* 0.391** 0.328* 0.372** 0.318* 0.383** 0.530**
[0.202] [0.164] [0.249] [0.217] [0.237] [0.198] [0.249] [0.223] [0.307]
continent
-0.066 0.062 0.073 0.081
==2
[0.069] [0.077] [0.076] [0.075]
continent
0.033 0.074 0.078 -0.041
==3
[0.048] [0.052] [0.052] [0.073]
continent
0.036 0.230** 0.236** 0.264**
==4
[0.038] [0.071] [0.069] [0.068]
continent
0.066 0.089 0.09 0.086
==5
[0.072] [0.106] [0.101] [0.103]
humid1 -0.027 -0.117 -0.057 -0.152 -0.033 -0.178 -0.18
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid2 -0.073 -0.012 -0.036 0.024 -0.084 0.034 0.073
[0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006]
humid3 0.036 0.12 0.019 0.105 0.018 0.145 0.144
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid4 -0.084 -0.178 -0.069 -0.165 -0.078 -0.241 -0.219
[0.004] [0.006] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
temp1 -0.592 -0.657 -0.811 -0.882 -0.634 -0.72 -0.79
[0.024] [0.023] [0.024] [0.023] [0.024] [0.023] [0.025]
temp2 0.511** 0.387 0.534** 0.416* 0.505** 0.358 0.378**
[0.008] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.008] [0.007] [0.006]
temp3 -0.162 -0.132 -0.119 -0.088 -0.151 -0.128 -0.055
[0.011] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011]
temp4 -0.03 -0.047 0.117 0.095 0.005 -0.002 0.24
[0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010]
temp5 0.316** 0.519*** 0.359*** 0.568*** 0.306** 0.522*** 0.289**
[0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.169*** 0.177*** 0.173*** 0.183*** 0.153*** 0.145*** 0.169***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

iron 0.355*** 0.351*** 0.355*** 0.353*** 0.342*** 0.341*** 0.316***
[0.013] [0.013] [0.013] [0.012] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013]
silv 0.153 0.11 0.182 0.138 0.139 0.106 0.201
[0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.013]
zinc -0.337** -0.373** -0.382** -0.419** -0.310* -0.393** -0.351**
[0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.016] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016]
oilres 0.004 0 0.003 -0.002 0.004 -0.001 -0.006
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.084 -0.087
mar
[0.086] [0.082]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.08 0.137**
malaria
[0.004] [0.005]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.209*
in
tropical
zones
[0.079]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.632 0.713 0.74 0.733 0.736 0.733 0.741 0.731 0.725
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
p(OID) 0.679 0.041 0.251 0.222 0.259 0.198 0.08 0.153 0.217
p(UID) 0.139 0.002 0.021 0.004 0.02 0.003 0.059 0.001 0.007
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 5.568 23.619 2.253 4.538 1.73 3.694 4.378 3.831 1.667
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.062 0 0.324 0.103 0.421 0.158 0.112 0.147 0.435
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.191 6.014 2.192 4.641 1.624 3.837 3.794 4.06 1.62
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.075 0.049 0.334 0.098 0.444 0.147 0.15 0.131 0.445
Wright)
p(humid) 0.485 0.328 0.63 0.354 0.488 0.208 0.486
p(temp) 0.036 0.017 0.017 0.005 0.03 0.009 0.047
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.432*** 0.298* 0.328** 0.327** 0.322** 0.316** 0.309** 0.302** 0.289*
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.109] [0.103] [0.098] [0.101] [0.101] [0.103] [0.098] [0.099] [0.103]
Hosftede
individua 0.129 0.22 0.269 0.318 0.262 0.307 0.241 0.271 0.282
lism
[0.012] [0.014] [0.018] [0.019] [0.017] [0.018] [0.018] [0.020] [0.018]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.105 0.181* 0.15 0.256* 0.146 0.250* 0.177 0.249* 0.09
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.802] [0.691] [1.051] [0.975] [1.058] [0.998] [1.031] [0.951] [1.015]
Latitud 0.307* 0.041 0.296 0.12 0.304 0.131 0.305 0.144 0.081
[1.490] [1.564] [2.371] [2.661] [2.372] [2.666] [2.480] [2.721] [2.953]
gendiv 4.879 8.145** 8.386** 12.097** 8.504** 12.297** 7.658** 12.954** 10.071**
[113.167 [108.932 [168.339 [113.032 [177.784 [109.588 [170.551 [119.272

[95.421]
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
gendiv_s - - - -
-5.009 -8.931** -8.545** -8.666** -7.746**
q 12.591** 12.803** 13.529** 10.242**
[124.393 [131.952 [124.692

[71.306] [84.732] [81.652] [84.867] [82.491] [89.678]
] ] ]
continent
0.683*** 0.549** 0.555** 0.584**
==2
[0.518] [0.955] [0.951] [0.843]
continent
0.197 0.16 0.162 0.354*
==3
[0.683] [0.879] [0.877] [1.114]
continent
-0.275 0.055 0.05 -0.021
==4
[0.980] [2.084] [2.122] [1.988]
continent
-0.119 -0.066 -0.068 -0.072
==5
[0.990] [1.842] [1.880] [1.862]
humid1 -0.143 -0.366 -0.136 -0.355 -0.113 -0.297 0.049
[0.036] [0.045] [0.036] [0.045] [0.036] [0.044] [0.041]
humid2 0.391* 0.471 0.386* 0.462 0.377 0.438 0.259
[0.056] [0.076] [0.056] [0.077] [0.057] [0.076] [0.064]
humid3 0.172 0.32 0.18 0.332 0.197 0.3 0.055
[0.036] [0.051] [0.036] [0.052] [0.037] [0.051] [0.037]
humid4 -0.222 -0.404 -0.229 -0.416 -0.208 -0.34 -0.07
[0.046] [0.059] [0.047] [0.059] [0.045] [0.057] [0.052]
temp1 -0.073 0.002 -0.011 0.106 -0.008 0.087 0.195
[0.181] [0.186] [0.193] [0.207] [0.191] [0.190] [0.210]
temp2 -0.438 -0.394 -0.451 -0.415 -0.367 -0.386 -0.323
[0.073] [0.087] [0.075] [0.089] [0.078] [0.088] [0.075]
temp3 0.154 0.147 0.144 0.13 0.131 0.151 0.034
[0.080] [0.087] [0.081] [0.088] [0.083] [0.090] [0.094]
temp4 0.474 0.254 0.438 0.193 0.404 0.213 0.187
[0.069] [0.072] [0.072] [0.076] [0.072] [0.074] [0.083]
temp5 -0.122 -0.004 -0.136 -0.026 -0.132 0.002 -0.122
[0.072] [0.083] [0.075] [0.086] [0.074] [0.083] [0.074]
goldm -0.005 -0.023 -0.003 -0.021 -0.033 -0.072 -0.005
[0.021] [0.029] [0.021] [0.029] [0.022] [0.033] [0.019]
iron -0.149 -0.083 -0.151 -0.085 -0.116 -0.075 -0.124
[0.112] [0.097] [0.116] [0.101] [0.117] [0.103] [0.121]
silv 0.071 0.082 0.064 0.071 0.094 0.098 0.018
[0.073] [0.084] [0.076] [0.085] [0.080] [0.086] [0.086]
zinc -0.115 -0.177 -0.104 -0.158 -0.127 -0.161 -0.109
[0.120] [0.127] [0.123] [0.125] [0.123] [0.131] [0.130]
oilres 0.027 -0.001 0.028 0 0.024 0.003 0.046
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.024 0.04
mar
[0.663] [0.717]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.129 -0.21
malaria
[0.041] [0.059]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.297
in
tropical
zones
[0.978]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
0.19 0.147 0.271

[0.022] [0.027] [0.030]
0.279** 0.319** 0.289**
[0.013] [0.017] [0.014]
0.451*** 0.446*** 0.430***
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.243** 0.109* 0.167*
[0.119] [0.067] [0.106]

0.597*** 0.489** 0.543***
[0.273] [0.288] [0.241]
0.062 0.179
[0.072] [0.093]
0.105* 0.105
[0.047] [0.055]
0.233** 0.234**
[0.073] [0.072]
0.1 0.111
[0.109] [0.118]
-0.296 -0.081 -0.211
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
0.132 0.01 0.084
[0.006] [0.006] [0.007]
0.232 0.112 0.244
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.318 -0.148 -0.275
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
-0.89 -0.599 -0.684
[0.022] [0.025] [0.023]
0.256 0.312 0.206
[0.007] [0.008] [0.008]
-0.004 -0.099 -0.049
[0.010] [0.011] [0.010]
0.239 0.127 0.104
[0.009] [0.010] [0.010]
0.491*** 0.294** 0.503***
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
- - -
0.179*** 0.172*** 0.180***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.298*** 0.270* 0.23
[0.013] [0.016] [0.017]
0.154 0.116 0.053
[0.012] [0.011] [0.011]
-0.369** -0.272 -0.238
[0.016] [0.017] [0.018]
-0.013 -0.004 -0.015
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.258**
[0.075]
-0.251 -0.356*
[0.113] [0.132]
0.739 0.739 0.745
65 65 65
0.431 0.52 0.287
0 0.005 0.003
2.815 1.081 4.21
0.245 0.582 0.122
3.027 1.062 3.935
0.22 0.588 0.14

0.18 0.567 0.278
0.014 0.115 0.05
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12

A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
0.283** 0.219 0.268*
[0.088] [0.102] [0.099]
0.358 0.284 0.333

[0.019] [0.019] [0.021]
0.212* 0.215 0.281*
[0.836] [1.031] [0.980]

-0.214 0.048 -0.016
[3.266] [2.668] [3.031]
15.679** 8.949*** 12.316**
[184.057 [160.943
[98.529]
] ]
- - -
15.977** 9.194*** 12.754**
[137.335 [120.425
[74.783]
] ]
0.550** 0.423
[0.869] [0.973]
0.102 0.125
[0.856] [0.936]
0.278 0.093
[1.720] [1.966]
-0.055 -0.077
[1.696] [1.813]
-0.176 -0.058 -0.291
[0.044] [0.037] [0.047]
0.341 0.27 0.39
[0.070] [0.061] [0.080]
0.267 0.031 0.224
[0.046] [0.040] [0.054]
-0.262 -0.13 -0.321
[0.056] [0.049] [0.061]
0.485 -0.073 0.04
[0.207] [0.184] [0.191]
-0.231 -0.133 -0.23
[0.081] [0.090] [0.101]
-0.02 0.039 0.079
[0.092] [0.081] [0.088]
-0.236 0.204 0.111
[0.083] [0.070] [0.073]
-0.028 -0.036 -0.003
[0.080] [0.068] [0.081]
-0.05 0.005 -0.025
[0.025] [0.020] [0.029]
-0.015 0.007 0.024
[0.103] [0.138] [0.118]
-0.001 0.145 0.129
[0.087] [0.079] [0.090]
-0.218 -0.281 -0.298
[0.139] [0.130] [0.136]
0.014 0.046 0.012
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.453**
[0.826]
0.492* 0.321
[1.157] [1.059]
65 65 65
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 0.496** 0.99 0.308 0.647 0.225 0.625 0.284 0.617 0.35
[0.054] [0.170] [0.072] [0.123] [0.071] [0.120] [0.107] [0.099] [0.123]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.111 -0.095 0.197 0.067 0.252 0.102 0.234 0.107 0.182
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.019] [0.033] [0.018] [0.023] [0.017] [0.022] [0.022] [0.019] [0.028]
Hosftede
individua 0.219* -0.041 0.371*** 0.284 0.425*** 0.329 0.363** 0.379** 0.362**
lism
[0.001] [0.004] [0.002] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.038 -0.042 0.147** 0.250** 0.163** 0.267** 0.104 0.256** 0.154*
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.079] [0.149] [0.074] [0.127] [0.075] [0.130] [0.078] [0.115] [0.092]
Latitud 0.310*** 0.337* 0.3 0.188 0.296 0.159 0.299 0.145 0.304
[0.149] [0.254] [0.284] [0.396] [0.269] [0.384] [0.335] [0.376] [0.550]
continent
0.109 0.253 0.246 0.24
==2
[0.106] [0.101] [0.102] [0.096]
continent
0.085 0.116 0.127 -0.106
==3
[0.098] [0.081] [0.079] [0.101]
continent
-0.07 0.272* 0.272* 0.319**
==4
[0.111] [0.097] [0.094] [0.086]
continent
0.057 0.077 0.075 0.06
==5
[0.114] [0.171] [0.163] [0.156]
humid1 -0.132 -0.393 -0.137 -0.421 -0.131 -0.482 -0.167
[0.004] [0.006] [0.003] [0.005] [0.004] [0.006] [0.004]
humid2 0.034 0.18 0.045 0.203 0.033 0.214 0.054
[0.005] [0.007] [0.005] [0.007] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006]
humid3 0.207 0.522 0.141 0.475 0.182 0.512* 0.238
[0.004] [0.007] [0.004] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.004]
humid4 -0.194 -0.437* -0.147 -0.394* -0.191 -0.507** -0.219
[0.005] [0.007] [0.004] [0.007] [0.005] [0.007] [0.005]
temp1 -0.636 -0.714 -0.866 -0.989* -0.703 -0.799 -0.655
[0.021] [0.021] [0.021] [0.021] [0.021] [0.020] [0.023]
temp2 0.289 0.051 0.375 0.111 0.27 0.038 0.261
[0.009] [0.012] [0.009] [0.012] [0.011] [0.011] [0.009]
temp3 -0.044 0.093 -0.029 0.138 -0.032 0.079 -0.02
[0.010] [0.013] [0.010] [0.013] [0.012] [0.011] [0.009]
temp4 0.02 -0.092 0.168 0.077 0.101 -0.048 0.033
[0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.011]
temp5 0.331** 0.569** 0.374*** 0.622*** 0.321** 0.547** 0.327**
[0.006] [0.011] [0.006] [0.011] [0.006] [0.010] [0.006]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.178*** 0.207*** 0.181*** 0.214*** 0.159*** 0.139*** 0.179***
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

iron 0.328** 0.337** 0.335*** 0.340*** 0.313** 0.319** 0.320**
[0.015] [0.016] [0.014] [0.014] [0.017] [0.016] [0.014]
silv 0.200* 0.205* 0.219* 0.234* 0.185* 0.179 0.208*
[0.010] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.010] [0.012] [0.011]
zinc -0.393** -0.470** -0.428** -0.522** -0.361** -0.492** -0.399**
[0.016] [0.019] [0.017] [0.019] [0.016] [0.019] [0.017]
oilres 0.024 0.028 0.017 0.024 0.025 0.022 0.024
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.093 -0.113
mar
[0.084] [0.077]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.095 0.287*
malaria
[0.006] [0.010]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.029
in
tropical
zones
[0.190]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.694 0.357 0.747 0.641 0.751 0.658 0.75 0.684 0.737
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
p(OID) 0.38 0.871 0.352 0.757 0.323 0.866 0.086 0.951 0.367
p(UID) 0.13 0.27 0.275 0.298 0.246 0.288 0.501 0.248 0.607
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 5.568 23.619 2.253 4.538 1.73 3.694 4.378 3.831 1.667
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.062 0 0.324 0.103 0.421 0.158 0.112 0.147 0.435
Rubin)
S(Stock-
5.191 6.014 2.192 4.641 1.624 3.837 3.794 4.06 1.62
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.075 0.049 0.334 0.098 0.444 0.147 0.15 0.131 0.445
Wright)
p(humid) 0.481 0.344 0.53 0.416 0.53 0.222 0.432
p(temp) 0.115 0.164 0.031 0.08 0.053 0.097 0.138
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.362** 0.403*** 0.383** 0.410** 0.369** 0.397** 0.355** 0.375** 0.439**
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.059] [0.064] [0.067] [0.068] [0.067] [0.069] [0.064] [0.065] [0.076]
Hosftede
individua 0.435** 0.409** 0.348 0.346 0.332 0.333 0.308 0.281 0.328
lism
[0.008] [0.009] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.117 0.113 0.007 0.042 -0.003 0.034 0.046 0.032 0.095
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.468] [0.475] [0.776] [0.810] [0.793] [0.821] [0.775] [0.827] [0.811]
Latitud -0.071 -0.056 0.324 0.437 0.343 0.451 0.337 0.47 0.641*
[1.022] [1.197] [1.572] [1.639] [1.682] [1.715] [1.617] [1.617] [1.835]
gendiv 4.353 6.183 5.545 6.538 5.831 6.79 4.488 7.741 3.065
[100.153 [104.995 [149.568 [111.583 [156.691 [106.270 [140.131 [104.851
[80.514]
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
gendiv_s
-4.553 -6.057 -5.662 -6.025 -5.954 -6.292 -4.502 -7.341 -3.165
q
[112.637 [118.343 [104.897
[59.642] [74.636] [78.398] [83.525] [79.725] [78.434]
] ] ]
continent
-0.031 -0.274 -0.267 -0.226
==2
[0.446] [0.954] [0.961] [0.845]
continent
0.007 -0.141 -0.14 0.131
==3
[0.548] [0.907] [0.909] [1.017]
continent
0.333 0.498 0.493 0.392
==4
[0.824] [1.282] [1.298] [1.259]
continent
0.044 0.12 0.117 0.111
==5
[0.749] [1.200] [1.213] [1.222]
humid1 0.245 0.134 0.26 0.147 0.288 0.231 -0.037
[0.028] [0.034] [0.028] [0.034] [0.029] [0.035] [0.033]
humid2 -0.093 0.038 -0.105 0.026 -0.112 -0.008 0.101
[0.040] [0.049] [0.041] [0.050] [0.041] [0.049] [0.047]
humid3 -0.444 -0.243 -0.426 -0.229 -0.409 -0.271 -0.272
[0.031] [0.036] [0.031] [0.036] [0.030] [0.036] [0.033]
humid4 0.212 0.108 0.194 0.092 0.232 0.197 -0.011
[0.036] [0.040] [0.036] [0.040] [0.035] [0.042] [0.041]
temp1 0.101 0.162 0.249 0.292 0.196 0.281 -0.294
[0.187] [0.185] [0.194] [0.191] [0.191] [0.186] [0.195]
temp2 0.434 0.349 0.402 0.324 0.537 0.361 0.264
[0.050] [0.060] [0.049] [0.060] [0.049] [0.060] [0.054]
temp3 -0.282 -0.216 -0.306 -0.239 -0.315 -0.211 -0.105
[0.080] [0.084] [0.080] [0.085] [0.082] [0.086] [0.084]
temp4 0.139 0.179 0.054 0.102 0.038 0.122 0.561
[0.076] [0.078] [0.077] [0.080] [0.078] [0.080] [0.081]
temp5 -0.121 -0.187 -0.154 -0.215 -0.135 -0.18 -0.121
[0.051] [0.067] [0.052] [0.066] [0.050] [0.062] [0.051]
goldm 0.029 -0.014 0.032 -0.011 -0.011 -0.083 0.03
[0.016] [0.021] [0.016] [0.022] [0.015] [0.021] [0.016]
iron -0.01 -0.025 -0.014 -0.028 0.038 -0.013 -0.046
[0.075] [0.089] [0.076] [0.090] [0.078] [0.091] [0.072]
silv -0.107 -0.139 -0.125 -0.154 -0.073 -0.117 -0.03
[0.079] [0.083] [0.079] [0.083] [0.076] [0.078] [0.086]
zinc 0.103 0.061 0.13 0.084 0.086 0.082 0.094
[0.113] [0.134] [0.113] [0.135] [0.115] [0.139] [0.108]
oilres -0.049 -0.057 -0.047 -0.055 -0.053 -0.051 -0.076
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.058 0.051
mar
[0.370] [0.380]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.187 -0.295
malaria
[0.035] [0.050]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.438*
in
tropical
zones
[0.716]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
0.837 0.22 0.599

[0.314] [0.076] [0.111]
-0.032 0.266 0.131
[0.060] [0.023] [0.022]
0.232 0.404*** 0.286
[0.005] [0.002] [0.002]
0.22 0.135** 0.234**
[0.210] [0.065] [0.118]

-0.052 0.415 0.314
[1.416] [0.360] [0.369]
0.302 0.328*
[0.157] [0.109]
0.105 0.129
[0.095] [0.082]
0.278* 0.278*
[0.103] [0.095]
0.062 0.095
[0.257] [0.173]
-0.317 -0.137 -0.442
[0.006] [0.004] [0.006]
0.105 0.064 0.243
[0.009] [0.005] [0.008]
0.538 0.211 0.587
[0.009] [0.004] [0.007]
-0.386 -0.208 -0.496*
[0.007] [0.005] [0.007]
-0.526 -0.636 -0.738
[0.036] [0.022] [0.021]
0.068 0.214 -0.054
[0.016] [0.009] [0.012]
0.05 -0.034 0.135
[0.013] [0.010] [0.013]
-0.356 0.122 0.026
[0.019] [0.009] [0.008]
0.603** 0.313** 0.561**
[0.012] [0.006] [0.011]
- - -
0.215*** 0.178*** 0.206***
[0.004] [0.002] [0.003]

0.378** 0.280* 0.257
[0.019] [0.017] [0.019]
0.193 0.165 0.163
[0.012] [0.012] [0.011]
-0.499* -0.337* -0.376*
[0.024] [0.017] [0.021]
0.047 0.014 0.016
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.218
[0.443]
-0.161 -0.239
[0.131] [0.127]
0.511 0.747 0.666
65 65 65
0.744 0.471 0.692
0.721 0.319 0.302
2.815 1.081 4.21
0.245 0.582 0.122
3.027 1.062 3.935
0.22 0.588 0.14

0.533 0.582 0.289
0.331 0.083 0.082
0.098 0 0.001
-10 -11 -12

A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
0.452** 0.407** 0.412**
[0.076] [0.071] [0.073]
0.306 0.345 0.346

[0.011] [0.010] [0.011]
0.086 -0.007 0.042
[0.810] [0.811] [0.841]

0.767* 0.378 0.441
[2.082] [1.886] [1.897]
3.004 5.422 6.532
[143.421 [108.018 [151.597
] ] ]
-2.684 -5.52 -6.02
[108.360 [114.143
[80.591]
] ]
-0.275 -0.27
[1.041] [1.003]
-0.083 -0.14
[0.947] [0.924]
0.278 0.497
[1.270] [1.310]
0.109 0.12
[1.185] [1.215]
-0.053 0.226 0.132
[0.038] [0.029] [0.035]
0.166 -0.066 0.04
[0.056] [0.042] [0.051]
-0.191 -0.413 -0.24
[0.038] [0.033] [0.037]
-0.032 0.192 0.106
[0.044] [0.036] [0.040]
-0.315 0.101 0.161
[0.197] [0.189] [0.188]
0.188 0.367 0.344
[0.066] [0.054] [0.062]
-0.051 -0.257 -0.214
[0.090] [0.083] [0.086]
0.663 0.198 0.183
[0.084] [0.078] [0.079]
-0.164 -0.14 -0.187
[0.069] [0.052] [0.068]
0.012 0.027 -0.014
[0.020] [0.016] [0.021]
-0.092 -0.044 -0.028
[0.083] [0.088] [0.106]
-0.058 -0.123 -0.141
[0.087] [0.081] [0.085]
0.102 0.14 0.065
[0.126] [0.121] [0.146]
-0.072 -0.053 -0.057
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.447*
[0.712]
-0.108 -0.009
[0.757] [0.840]
65 65 65
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 15.861 -0.81 -1.052 -0.228 -1.052 -0.228 -1.065 -0.29 -1.151
[29.577] [0.293] [0.347] [0.053] [0.347] [0.053] [0.239] [0.053] [0.365]
Total
years of
schoolin -9.703 0.664 0.801 0.297 0.801 0.297 0.808 0.320* 0.857
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[10.074] [0.066] [0.088] [0.015] [0.088] [0.015] [0.063] [0.016] [0.094]
Hosftede
individua -3.44 0.67 0.61 0.048 0.61 0.048 0.613 0.077 0.664
lism
[0.436] [0.007] [0.007] [0.002] [0.007] [0.002] [0.006] [0.002] [0.008]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 1.875 0.17 0.132 0.032 0.132 0.032 0.131 0.031 0.174
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[17.093] [0.152] [0.110] [0.064] [0.110] [0.064] [0.120] [0.069] [0.119]
Latitud 0.667 0.15 0.440* 0.414*** 0.440* 0.414*** 0.440* 0.402*** 0.518
[9.754] [0.318] [0.359] [0.117] [0.359] [0.117] [0.390] [0.121] [0.509]
continent
-0.088 0.02 0.02 -0.02
==3
[0.101] [0.038] [0.038] [0.050]
continent
0.328 -0.095 -0.095 -0.08
==4
[0.227] [0.042] [0.042] [0.044]
continent
0.385 0.385*** 0.385*** 0.405***
==5
[0.371] [0.129] [0.129] [0.126]
humid1 0.563* 0.610*** 0.563* 0.610*** 0.563 0.625*** 0.486
[0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.003] [0.005]
- - -
humid2 -0.614* -0.614* -0.614** -0.574
0.565*** 0.565*** 0.584***
[0.008] [0.004] [0.008] [0.004] [0.008] [0.005] [0.009]

humid3 -0.274 -0.318* -0.274 -0.318* -0.274 -0.338 -0.24
[0.006] [0.003] [0.006] [0.003] [0.006] [0.003] [0.006]

humid4 0.156 0.209 0.156 0.209 0.155 0.202 0.105
[0.009] [0.004] [0.009] [0.004] [0.010] [0.005] [0.011]
temp1 -1.313 -1.006** -1.313 -1.006** -1.312 -0.984* -1.606
[0.046] [0.019] [0.046] [0.019] [0.047] [0.021] [0.062]

temp2 0.687 0.572** 0.687 0.572** 0.69 0.602** 0.71
[0.032] [0.010] [0.032] [0.010] [0.026] [0.010] [0.034]
temp3 -0.215 -0.053 -0.215 -0.053 -0.218 -0.075 -0.044
[0.033] [0.008] [0.033] [0.008] [0.028] [0.009] [0.038]
temp4 0.588 0.497 0.588 0.497 0.585 0.46 0.95
[0.023] [0.008] [0.023] [0.008] [0.023] [0.009] [0.031]
temp5 0.117 0.084 0.117 0.084 0.114 0.059 -0.009
[0.020] [0.009] [0.020] [0.009] [0.017] [0.010] [0.022]
goldm -0.573 -0.139 -0.573 -0.139 -0.576 -0.139 -0.619
[0.021] [0.003] [0.021] [0.003] [0.016] [0.003] [0.022]
iron 0.618** 0.094 0.618** 0.094 0.617* 0.07 0.542*
[0.019] [0.012] [0.019] [0.012] [0.023] [0.012] [0.021]
silv -0.14 -0.210** -0.14 -0.210** -0.144 -0.234** -0.133
[0.023] [0.005] [0.023] [0.005] [0.015] [0.006] [0.023]
zinc 0.246 0.717** 0.246 0.717** 0.254 0.766** 0.343
[0.049] [0.017] [0.049] [0.017] [0.033] [0.017] [0.054]
oilres 0 0.024 0 0.024 0 0.026 0.002
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.002 0.047
malaria
[0.007] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.152
in
tropical
zones
[0.178]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a -78.076 0.426 0.431 0.914 0.431 0.914 0.372 0.89 0.297
Observat
33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33
ions
p(OID)
p(UID) 0.956 0.574 0.546 0.147 0.546 0.147 0.367 0.123 0.553
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 2.294 0.721 1.932 1.038 1.932 1.038 5.406 2.28 2.559
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.13 0.396 0.165 0.308 0.165 0.308 0.02 0.131 0.11
Rubin)
S(Stock-
2.271 0.75 1.693 0.841 1.693 0.841 2.898 1.521 2.126
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.132 0.387 0.193 0.359 0.193 0.359 0.089 0.217 0.145
Wright)
p(humid) 0.21 0 0.21 0 0.136 0 0.425
p(temp) 0.55 0.005 0.55 0.005 0.425 0.005 0.624
p(natural 0.222 0 0.222 0 0.281 0 0.316
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
Total
years of
schoolin 0.639*** 0.406*** 0.428 0.302 0.428 0.302 0.361 0.297 0.43
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.074] [0.076] [0.184] [0.297] [0.184] [0.297] [0.213] [0.315] [0.193]
Hosftede
individua 0.241 0.369** 0.3 0.207 0.3 0.207 0.345 0.181 0.304
lism
[0.011] [0.009] [0.017] [0.020] [0.017] [0.020] [0.018] [0.020] [0.018]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.115 0.063 -0.068 -0.007 -0.068 -0.007 -0.033 -0.006 -0.06
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.590] [0.748] [0.963] [1.847] [0.963] [1.847] [1.098] [1.932] [1.089]
Latitud -0.032 -0.04 0.033 0.045 0.033 0.045 0.074 0.068 0.045
[1.335] [1.202] [2.695] [2.565] [2.695] [2.565] [3.094] [3.015] [3.466]
AJR:
settler
-0.006 0.058 0.063 0.155 0.063 0.155 0.101 0.17 0.062
mortality
2
[0.090] [0.114] [0.190] [0.236] [0.190] [0.236] [0.225] [0.272] [0.198]
continent
-0.087 -0.081 -0.081 -0.028
==3
[0.516] [1.038] [1.038] [1.033]
continent
0.284* 0.159 0.159 0.151
==4
[0.407] [1.438] [1.438] [1.542]
continent
0.236* 0.379 0.379 0.385
==5
[0.712] [1.619] [1.619] [1.707]
humid1 0.191 0.402 0.191 0.402 0.314 0.415 0.176
[0.046] [0.085] [0.046] [0.085] [0.056] [0.090] [0.052]
humid2 -0.205 -0.354 -0.205 -0.354 -0.3 -0.358 -0.196
[0.083] [0.136] [0.083] [0.136] [0.094] [0.143] [0.091]
humid3 -0.123 -0.255 -0.123 -0.255 -0.19 -0.249 -0.116
[0.054] [0.090] [0.054] [0.090] [0.057] [0.094] [0.055]
humid4 0.02 0.003 0.02 0.003 0.082 0.014 0.012
[0.080] [0.138] [0.080] [0.138] [0.086] [0.147] [0.084]
temp1 0.58 1.418 0.58 1.418 0.853 1.518 0.526
[0.437] [0.491] [0.437] [0.491] [0.486] [0.536] [0.560]
temp2 0.278 0.408 0.278 0.408 0.318 0.399 0.277
[0.102] [0.145] [0.102] [0.145] [0.115] [0.151] [0.105]
temp3 -0.528 -0.916 -0.528 -0.916 -0.681 -0.969 -0.493
[0.195] [0.205] [0.195] [0.205] [0.221] [0.228] [0.277]
temp4 -0.694 -1.63 -0.694 -1.63 -0.969 -1.728 -0.627
[0.174] [0.187] [0.174] [0.187] [0.195] [0.204] [0.253]
temp5 -0.258 -0.2 -0.258 -0.2 -0.268 -0.181 -0.273
[0.131] [0.260] [0.131] [0.260] [0.135] [0.275] [0.137]
goldm -0.318** -0.179 -0.318** -0.179 -0.342* -0.197 -0.320*
[0.024] [0.033] [0.024] [0.033] [0.030] [0.034] [0.026]
iron 0.078 -0.053 0.078 -0.053 0.189 -0.021 0.065
[0.149] [0.214] [0.149] [0.214] [0.203] [0.244] [0.170]
silv -0.22 -0.331 -0.22 -0.331 -0.189 -0.325 -0.215
[0.073] [0.107] [0.073] [0.107] [0.076] [0.113] [0.081]
zinc 0.399 0.591 0.399 0.591 0.267 0.571 0.408
[0.134] [0.320] [0.134] [0.320] [0.171] [0.342] [0.144]
oilres 0.009 0.004 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.009
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.095 -0.072
malaria
[0.054] [0.052]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.024
in
tropical
zones
[1.340]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
-0.336 -1.478 -0.248

[0.058] [0.518] [0.046]
0.366* 0.869 0.195
[0.018] [0.120] [0.014]
0.069 0.639 0.032
[0.002] [0.009] [0.001]
0.06 0.096 0.025
[0.082] [0.176] [0.054]

0.488*** 0.192 0.293***
[0.189] [0.639] [0.106]
0.038 -0.024
[0.048] [0.035]
-0.095 -0.118
[0.054] [0.035]
0.410*** 0.393***
[0.141] [0.091]
0.519* 0.876 0.816***
[0.004] [0.011] [0.003]
-
-0.512** -0.91
0.744***
[0.006] [0.019] [0.004]

-
-0.273 -0.661
0.551***
[0.004] [0.012] [0.003]

0.147 0.352 0.350***
[0.006] [0.011] [0.003]
-
-1.275* -1.775
1.210***
[0.028] [0.055] [0.015]

0.589** 1.122 0.775***
[0.011] [0.062] [0.010]
0.111 -0.335 -0.076
[0.014] [0.048] [0.007]
0.833 0.587 0.519*
[0.013] [0.028] [0.006]
-0.035 0.325 0.166
[0.011] [0.020] [0.007]
-0.179 -0.654 -0.11
[0.003] [0.028] [0.002]
-0.014 1.091 0.314**
[0.013] [0.066] [0.011]
-0.222* 0.009 -0.101
[0.007] [0.019] [0.004]
0.873*** -0.033 0.514***
[0.018] [0.042] [0.010]
0.028 -0.01 0.019
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.147
[0.070]
0.533 0.262**
[0.686] [0.085]
0.88 0.051 0.937
33 33 33
0.122 0.612 0.138
2.845 2.92 1.808
0.092 0.087 0.179
1.913 2.554 1.427
0.167 0.11 0.232

0 0.583 0
0.025 0.779 0
0 0.856 0
-10 -11 -12

A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
0.271 0.379 0.191
[0.298] [0.183] [0.339]
0.208 0.257 0.187

[0.021] [0.018] [0.016]
-0.033 -0.071 -0.014
[1.834] [1.013] [1.880]

-0.015 -0.08 -0.08
[3.450] [2.841] [2.654]
0.17 0.052 0.152
[0.256] [0.188] [0.231]

-0.104 -0.124
[0.987] [1.210]
0.174 0.133
[1.493] [1.535]
0.393 0.380*
[1.745] [1.202]
0.518 0.291 0.604
[0.084] [0.049] [0.097]
-0.433 -0.295 -0.529
[0.139] [0.086] [0.150]
-0.318 -0.267 -0.488
[0.090] [0.058] [0.101]
0.057 0.101 0.147
[0.140] [0.081] [0.147]
1.783 0.275 1.18
[0.665] [0.416] [0.460]
0.43 0.414 0.607
[0.148] [0.110] [0.158]
-1.144 -0.483 -0.921
[0.330] [0.179] [0.186]
-2.073 -0.567 -1.574
[0.315] [0.159] [0.168]
-0.115 -0.121 -0.112
[0.287] [0.136] [0.249]
-0.162 -0.295* -0.146
[0.035] [0.024] [0.029]
0.036 0.268 0.172
[0.268] [0.187] [0.177]
-0.351 -0.115 -0.213
[0.112] [0.089] [0.102]
0.511 0.205 0.371
[0.364] [0.171] [0.286]
0.001 0.003 -0.002
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.128
[1.772]
0.23 0.267
[1.045] [1.021]
33 33 33
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 0.594 0.837** -0.095 -0.207 -0.095 -0.207 -0.208 -0.128 -0.239
[0.077] [0.064] [0.063] [0.026] [0.063] [0.026] [0.076] [0.020] [0.065]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.062 -0.024 0.380** 0.289** 0.380** 0.289** 0.463** 0.257** 0.453**
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.029] [0.022] [0.014] [0.012] [0.014] [0.012] [0.018] [0.010] [0.016]
Hosftede
individua 0.288** 0.107 0.326* 0.044 0.326* 0.044 0.336 0.047 0.388*
lism
[0.001] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.113 0.076 0.178*** 0.031 0.178*** 0.031 0.147** 0.027 0.208***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.084] [0.092] [0.039] [0.061] [0.039] [0.061] [0.050] [0.053] [0.050]
Latitud 0.167* 0.216** 0.413*** 0.414*** 0.413*** 0.414*** 0.396*** 0.396*** 0.477***
[0.153] [0.158] [0.155] [0.113] [0.155] [0.113] [0.180] [0.102] [0.241]
continent
0.046 0.02 0.02 -0.017
==3
[0.072] [0.035] [0.035] [0.041]
continent
-0.121 -0.098 -0.098 -0.103
==4
[0.069] [0.041] [0.041] [0.037]
continent
0.032 0.378*** 0.378*** 0.355***
==5
[0.117] [0.108] [0.108] [0.099]
humid1 0.456*** 0.607*** 0.456*** 0.607*** 0.426*** 0.604*** 0.402**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
- - - - - - -
humid2
0.485*** 0.562*** 0.485*** 0.562*** 0.470*** 0.564*** 0.463***
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]

humid3 -0.214* -0.317* -0.214* -0.317* -0.203 -0.329** -0.191
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

humid4 0.164 0.211 0.164 0.211 0.138 0.216 0.123
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
temp1 -1.444** -1.011** -1.444** -1.011** -1.434** -1.026** -1.667**
[0.024] [0.019] [0.024] [0.019] [0.024] [0.017] [0.031]

temp2 0.385* 0.563*** 0.385* 0.563*** 0.386 0.533*** 0.424*
[0.009] [0.007] [0.009] [0.007] [0.011] [0.006] [0.010]
temp3 0.108 -0.044 0.108 -0.044 0.093 -0.009 0.221
[0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.007] [0.013]
temp4 0.903 0.51 0.903 0.51 0.898* 0.563 1.167
[0.011] [0.008] [0.011] [0.008] [0.010] [0.007] [0.014]
temp5 0.309 0.085 0.309 0.085 0.272 0.065 0.196
[0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.009] [0.007] [0.009]
goldm -0.251 -0.134* -0.251 -0.134* -0.269 -0.098 -0.309*
[0.005] [0.002] [0.005] [0.002] [0.006] [0.002] [0.005]
iron 0.579*** 0.097 0.579*** 0.097 0.533*** 0.087 0.521***
[0.008] [0.012] [0.008] [0.012] [0.009] [0.010] [0.008]
silv 0.043 -0.205** 0.043 -0.205** -0.006 -0.194** 0.036
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
zinc -0.145 0.705** -0.145 0.705** -0.028 0.674*** -0.041
[0.013] [0.015] [0.013] [0.015] [0.014] [0.013] [0.013]
oilres -0.012 0.024 -0.012 0.024 -0.008 0.024 -0.01
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.054 0.05
malaria
[0.002] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.12
in
tropical
zones
[0.074]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.836 0.772 0.895 0.919 0.895 0.919 0.867 0.926 0.86
Observat
33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33
ions
p(OID) 0.052 0.034 0.03 0.952 0.03 0.952 0.044 0.66 0.058
p(UID) 0.613 0.203 0.753 0.204 0.753 0.204 0.737 0.176 0.754
F(WID_
Kleiberg
en_Paap)
Chi2(An
derson- 8.385 20.548 11.75 3.919 11.75 3.919 16.05 3.036 12.525
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.039 0 0.008 0.27 0.008 0.27 0.001 0.386 0.006
Rubin)
S(Stock-
6.056 5.3 7.692 2.804 7.692 2.804 8.341 1.779 7.98
Wright)
p(Stock-
0.109 0.151 0.053 0.423 0.053 0.423 0.039 0.62 0.046
Wright)
p(humid) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(temp) 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.004 0 0.001
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500

Total
years of
schoolin 0.500*** 0.504*** 0.338 0.166 0.338 0.166 0.291 0.129 0.333
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.085] [0.083] [0.262] [0.358] [0.262] [0.358] [0.309] [0.384] [0.268]
Hosftede
individua 0.365** 0.269 0.383 0.191 0.383 0.191 0.391 0.225 0.382
lism
[0.010] [0.011] [0.016] [0.028] [0.016] [0.028] [0.018] [0.032] [0.017]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.032 0.055 -0.063 -0.072 -0.063 -0.072 -0.061 -0.097 -0.071
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.810] [0.691] [2.205] [2.669] [2.205] [2.669] [2.243] [2.990] [2.125]
Latitud -0.043 -0.044 0.005 0.101 0.005 0.101 0.039 0.083 -0.012
[1.247] [1.258] [3.002] [3.671] [3.002] [3.671] [3.431] [4.332] [3.495]
gendiv 2.092 -0.966 2.593 -2.176 2.593 -2.176 2.355 -2.616 2.667
[219.235 [357.833 [219.235 [357.833 [224.227 [387.733 [219.933
[87.963] [72.679]
] ] ] ] ] ] ]
gendiv_s
-2.273 1.651 -2.645 2.915 -2.645 2.915 -2.36 3.6 -2.724
q
[158.598 [250.716 [158.598 [250.716 [161.271 [269.697 [158.523
[66.802] [55.212]
] ] ] ] ] ] ]
AJR:
settler
0.023 0.071 0.098 0.111 0.098 0.111 0.115 0.075 0.101
mortality
2
[0.105] [0.129] [0.213] [0.268] [0.213] [0.268] [0.245] [0.359] [0.233]
continent
-0.273* -0.384 -0.384 -0.551
==3
[0.578] [1.471] [1.471] [2.446]
continent
0.794** 0.565 0.565 0.714
==4
[0.942] [2.753] [2.753] [3.468]
continent
0.433** 0.555 0.555 0.6
==5
[1.110] [2.346] [2.346] [2.518]
humid1 0.243 0.39 0.243 0.39 0.316 0.353 0.266
[0.050] [0.103] [0.050] [0.103] [0.060] [0.115] [0.060]
humid2 -0.263 -0.266 -0.263 -0.266 -0.312 -0.221 -0.279
[0.086] [0.166] [0.086] [0.166] [0.097] [0.186] [0.102]
humid3 -0.163 -0.111 -0.163 -0.111 -0.194 -0.06 -0.176
[0.052] [0.105] [0.052] [0.105] [0.055] [0.118] [0.057]
humid4 0.045 0.031 0.045 0.031 0.095 0.02 0.057
[0.095] [0.146] [0.095] [0.146] [0.106] [0.156] [0.099]
temp1 0.959 1.403 0.959 1.403 1.109 1.265 1.046
[0.476] [0.562] [0.476] [0.562] [0.533] [0.606] [0.594]
temp2 0.25 0.475 0.25 0.475 0.275 0.496 0.251
[0.112] [0.211] [0.112] [0.211] [0.125] [0.228] [0.118]
temp3 -0.616 -0.775 -0.616 -0.775 -0.693 -0.646 -0.668
[0.216] [0.326] [0.216] [0.326] [0.237] [0.397] [0.341]
temp4 -0.925 -1.425 -0.925 -1.425 -1.053 -1.209 -1.028
[0.188] [0.270] [0.188] [0.270] [0.206] [0.320] [0.301]
temp5 -0.435 -0.524 -0.435 -0.524 -0.474 -0.671 -0.415
[0.320] [0.460] [0.320] [0.460] [0.336] [0.530] [0.360]
goldm -0.311** -0.218 -0.311** -0.218 -0.334* -0.21 -0.308*
[0.023] [0.054] [0.023] [0.054] [0.030] [0.057] [0.026]
iron 0.001 -0.191 0.001 -0.191 0.055 -0.293 0.02
[0.401] [0.516] [0.401] [0.516] [0.416] [0.636] [0.479]
silv -0.276 -0.336 -0.276 -0.336 -0.258 -0.351 -0.282
[0.161] [0.186] [0.161] [0.186] [0.163] [0.207] [0.160]
zinc 0.471 0.768 0.471 0.768 0.426 0.863 0.455
[0.464] [0.547] [0.464] [0.547] [0.475] [0.635] [0.523]
oilres 0.008 0.01 0.008 0.01 0.005 0.015 0.007
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.075 0.1
malaria
[0.059] [0.080]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.032
in
tropical
zones
[1.544]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33
ions
F(exclud
edIVs)
F(Angris
t-
Pischke)
Chi2(An
grist-
Pischke)
pF(exclu
dedIVs)
pF(Angri
st-
Pischke)
pChi2(A
ngrist-
Pischke)
-10 -11 -12
-0.327* -0.34 -0.077

[0.027] [0.078] [0.018]
0.362** 0.429* 0.148
[0.015] [0.021] [0.010]
0.068 0.350* 0.003
[0.002] [0.002] [0.001]
0.06 0.159** 0.022
[0.081] [0.055] [0.042]

0.488*** 0.292** 0.310***
[0.187] [0.202] [0.092]
0.038 -0.011
[0.045] [0.020]
-0.097 -0.138**
[0.052] [0.026]
0.407*** 0.340***
[0.117] [0.048]
0.517** 0.615*** 0.756***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.002]
- -
-0.510**
0.636*** 0.690***
[0.006] [0.004] [0.002]

-
-0.273 -0.408*
0.499***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.002]

0.148 0.261* 0.339***
[0.006] [0.004] [0.002]
-
-1.278* -1.668**
1.218***
[0.028] [0.026] [0.012]

0.585*** 0.611** 0.666***
[0.008] [0.013] [0.005]
0.115 0.037 -0.002
[0.012] [0.010] [0.004]
0.839 0.891 0.622***
[0.012] [0.010] [0.004]
-0.035 0.405 0.159
[0.010] [0.009] [0.005]
-0.176** -0.302* -0.074**
[0.002] [0.005] [0.001]
-0.014 0.814*** 0.294**
[0.013] [0.018] [0.009]
-0.220** 0.11 -0.078
[0.006] [0.005] [0.004]
0.868*** -0.269 0.453***
[0.016] [0.014] [0.010]
0.028 -0.017 0.017
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.148
[0.068]
0.264 0.215***
[0.163] [0.046]
0.883 0.855 0.956
33 33 33
0.993 0.097 0.366
0.114 0.774 0.075
12.777 11.975 4.077
0.005 0.007 0.253
8.301 7.83 2.971
0.04 0.05 0.396

0 0 0
0.008 0.037 0
0 0.06 0
-10 -11 -12
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500

0.063 0.315 0.017
[0.368] [0.275] [0.386]
0.203 0.344 0.091
[0.031] [0.018] [0.025]
-0.153 -0.036 -0.032
[2.824] [2.274] [2.779]

-0.022 -0.101 0.013
[4.167] [3.192] [3.167]
-1.719 1.949 -7.559
[378.164 [223.914 [372.848
] ] ]
2.689 -2.041 8.211
[265.655 [162.011 [262.492

] ] ]
0.126 0.089 0.118
[0.303] [0.216] [0.263]

-0.495 -0.566
[1.361] [1.605]
0.735 0.417
[2.458] [2.850]
0.616 0.650*
[2.392] [1.743]
0.569 0.352 0.952
[0.107] [0.054] [0.111]
-0.361 -0.364 -0.718
[0.172] [0.092] [0.170]
-0.152 -0.322 -0.66
[0.104] [0.057] [0.113]
0.131 0.115 0.327
[0.148] [0.099] [0.152]
2.178 0.595 0.974
[0.725] [0.430] [0.552]
0.491 0.404 0.992
[0.214] [0.114] [0.218]
-1.162 -0.592 -0.992
[0.448] [0.205] [0.309]
-2.232 -0.825 -1.606
[0.386] [0.173] [0.258]
-0.503 -0.194 -0.107
[0.509] [0.329] [0.462]
-0.207 -0.285* -0.106
[0.059] [0.023] [0.050]
-0.093 0.26 0.35
[0.594] [0.413] [0.513]
-0.399 -0.141 -0.08
[0.198] [0.165] [0.195]
0.697 0.178 0.257
[0.613] [0.474] [0.535]
0.006 -0.003 0.001
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.264
[1.670]
0.23 0.36
[1.044] [1.210]
33 33 33
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A1_8500 0.255*** 0.111 0.131** 0.053 0.122** 0.048 0.114** 0.055 0.109*
[0.099] [0.139] [0.077] [0.080] [0.081] [0.081] [0.074] [0.078] [0.080]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.436*** 0.411*** 0.484*** 0.433*** 0.487*** 0.435*** 0.461*** 0.438*** 0.498***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.048] [0.046] [0.042] [0.036] [0.042] [0.036] [0.042] [0.037] [0.040]
Hosftede
individua 0.042 0.104 -0.065 -0.015 -0.057 -0.01 -0.055 -0.035 -0.07
lism
[0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - -
n -0.136 -0.106 -0.105 -0.105
0.250*** 0.239*** 0.237*** 0.179*** 0.208***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.290] [0.409] [0.279] [0.348] [0.280] [0.347] [0.312] [0.340] [0.303]
Latitud 0.299*** 0.137 0.364*** 0.260** 0.356*** 0.256** 0.374*** 0.265** 0.486***
[0.539] [0.724] [0.815] [0.812] [0.813] [0.799] [0.855] [0.840] [0.902]
continent
0.242** 0.267** 0.269** 0.273**
==2
[0.273] [0.283] [0.285] [0.289]
continent - -
-0.109 -0.133*
==3 0.177*** 0.176***
[0.273] [0.198] [0.196] [0.247]

continent
0.139 0.089 0.091 0.078
==4
[0.307] [0.277] [0.276] [0.277]
continent
0.007 -0.029 -0.028 -0.024
==5
[0.397] [0.429] [0.427] [0.447]
humid1 0.473*** 0.355** 0.456** 0.343* 0.489*** 0.368** 0.364**
[0.014] [0.013] [0.015] [0.015] [0.013] [0.013] [0.014]
humid2 -0.127 -0.068 -0.112 -0.058 -0.134 -0.076 -0.046
[0.019] [0.020] [0.021] [0.023] [0.018] [0.020] [0.019]
humid3 -0.299 -0.131 -0.296 -0.128 -0.291 -0.139 -0.242
[0.016] [0.014] [0.016] [0.015] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015]
humid4 -0.004 -0.171 -0.003 -0.171 0.005 -0.149 -0.081
[0.017] [0.017] [0.017] [0.017] [0.016] [0.017] [0.017]
temp1 0.308 0.408 0.245 0.365 0.36 0.41 0.195
[0.081] [0.084] [0.085] [0.091] [0.083] [0.085] [0.079]
- - - -
temp2 -0.366* -0.357* -0.346*
0.526*** 0.512*** 0.473*** 0.598***
[0.027] [0.031] [0.029] [0.033] [0.027] [0.031] [0.025]

temp3 0.079 0.051 0.092 0.06 0.047 0.044 0.161
[0.036] [0.034] [0.036] [0.035] [0.036] [0.035] [0.035]
temp4 0.31 0.105 0.347 0.129 0.228 0.095 0.47
[0.034] [0.033] [0.034] [0.034] [0.035] [0.034] [0.034]
temp5 -0.163 -0.182 -0.153 -0.174 -0.138 -0.166 -0.207**
[0.023] [0.025] [0.024] [0.027] [0.023] [0.026] [0.021]
goldm 0.071* 0.071** 0.070* 0.070** 0.051 0.061* 0.078**
[0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008]
iron -0.064 0.006 -0.065 0.005 -0.038 0.012 -0.093*
[0.030] [0.033] [0.030] [0.033] [0.032] [0.034] [0.029]
silv -0.108 -0.071 -0.1 -0.066 -0.092 -0.065 -0.081
[0.042] [0.034] [0.042] [0.035] [0.039] [0.035] [0.039]
zinc 0.146 0.089 0.137 0.082 0.107 0.089 0.152
[0.045] [0.046] [0.046] [0.045] [0.043] [0.046] [0.044]
oilres 0.113*** 0.075*** 0.110*** 0.074*** 0.107*** 0.077*** 0.100***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.024 -0.016
mar
[0.218] [0.228]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.131** -0.063
malaria
[0.016] [0.016]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.183*
in
tropical
zones
[0.323]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.759 0.798 0.806 0.838 0.803 0.835 0.816 0.837 0.81
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.599 0.155 0.195 0.033 0.169 0.084 0.095 0.043 0.215
p(UID) 0.078 0.217 0.03 0.025 0.029 0.024 0.033 0.031 0.086
Pagan-
11.951 17.442 24.718 29.753 28.209 31.298 30.487 29.656 24.218
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.288 0.493 0.953 0.97 0.919 0.97 0.861 0.983 0.977
Hall)
Pagan-
14.513 15.786 17.132 21.863 19.669 24.294 17.823 21.688 16.94
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.151 0.607 0.999 0.999 0.997 0.998 0.999 1 0.999
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 20.378 44.545 136.147 523.302 178.323 635.724 156.158 512.362 193.315
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.011 0.001 0.021 0.002 0.003 0 0.013
p(temp) 0.024 0.07 0.057 0.139 0.077 0.087 0.001
p(natural 0 0.003 0 0.01 0 0.002 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
gendiv 8.305*** 10.187** -1.092 3.092 -0.729 2.886 -2.18 4.513 -0.233
[51.771] [65.742] [46.789] [38.856] [53.518] [38.100] [45.321] [48.626] [67.858]
-
gendiv_s -
11.012** 1.151 -2.962 0.774 -2.682 2.258 -4.403 0.266
q 8.800***
*
[38.900] [49.683] [34.938] [27.679] [40.171] [27.071] [33.868] [35.320] [51.468]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.083 0.033 0.265** 0.173** 0.246* 0.171** 0.296** 0.204** 0.249
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.066] [0.065] [0.045] [0.024] [0.049] [0.024] [0.049] [0.031] [0.059]
Hosftede
individua 0.263 0.315 -0.146 -0.09 -0.107 -0.077 -0.179 -0.062 -0.103
lism
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.003] [0.009] [0.003] [0.007] [0.003] [0.009]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
-
n 0.135 0.17 -0.015 -0.312** 0.004 -0.264** -0.048 -0.286*
0.298***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.484] [0.430] [0.383] [0.240] [0.462] [0.248] [0.375] [0.269] [0.544]
Latitud -0.08 -0.379* 0.382 -0.099 0.457 -0.103 0.384 -0.136 0.418
[0.823] [0.937] [1.293] [0.682] [1.611] [0.642] [1.342] [0.760] [1.421]
continent
0.593*** 0.144 0.122 0.099
==2
[0.366] [0.186] [0.185] [0.226]
continent
0.236 -0.111 -0.139* -0.066
==3
[0.465] [0.217] [0.215] [0.325]
continent
-0.002 0.341 0.396* 0.326
==4
[0.726] [0.459] [0.454] [0.520]
continent
-0.006 0.451*** 0.476*** 0.325***
==5
[1.458] [0.693] [0.578] [0.618]
humid1 1.252*** 0.339** 1.337*** 0.304** 1.327*** 0.290* 1.311***
[0.020] [0.008] [0.024] [0.009] [0.021] [0.008] [0.024]
humid2 -0.624** -0.036 -0.666** -0.006 -0.654** 0.034 -0.763**
[0.031] [0.017] [0.034] [0.018] [0.033] [0.019] [0.038]
- - - -
humid3 -0.047 -0.018 -0.023
0.988*** 1.104*** 1.039*** 1.021***
[0.019] [0.008] [0.021] [0.008] [0.020] [0.009] [0.023]

humid4 0.662*** -0.009 0.722*** -0.019 0.689*** -0.047 0.754***
[0.017] [0.010] [0.018] [0.010] [0.017] [0.011] [0.024]
temp1 0.179 -0.329 0.507 -0.423 0.307 -0.132 0.227
[0.074] [0.037] [0.107] [0.054] [0.080] [0.044] [0.099]
temp2 1.108*** 0.194 1.257*** 0.205 1.001*** 0.01 1.370***
[0.041] [0.019] [0.046] [0.019] [0.038] [0.028] [0.055]
temp3 -0.484** 0.02 -0.606** 0.05 -0.504** 0.046 -0.534*
[0.043] [0.018] [0.057] [0.022] [0.043] [0.020] [0.061]
temp4 -0.234 0.242 -0.477 0.298 -0.225 0.218 -0.388
[0.033] [0.014] [0.042] [0.015] [0.032] [0.015] [0.043]
temp5 -0.24 -0.117 -0.365 -0.108 -0.235 -0.192 -0.351
[0.031] [0.016] [0.039] [0.020] [0.032] [0.019] [0.040]
- -
goldm -0.078 -0.004 -0.105** -0.097 -0.009
0.313*** 0.336***
[0.012] [0.008] [0.015] [0.007] [0.012] [0.009] [0.019]

iron 0.218 0.712*** 0.226 0.811*** 0.233 0.674*** 0.229
[0.063] [0.094] [0.074] [0.082] [0.066] [0.096] [0.082]
silv -0.452** 0.048 -0.387** 0.102 -0.402** 0.047 -0.379*
[0.062] [0.032] [0.061] [0.027] [0.060] [0.032] [0.072]
zinc 0.807*** -0.1 0.878*** -0.158 0.750*** -0.07 0.834**
[0.092] [0.059] [0.096] [0.050] [0.089] [0.057] [0.102]
- - -
oilres -0.183** -0.175** -0.185** -0.184**
0.199*** 0.211*** 0.231***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.047 -0.071
mar
[0.251] [0.133]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.063 0.042
malaria
[0.016] [0.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.036
in
tropical
zones
[0.492]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 6.9 14.668 67.225 93.419 57.553 94.729 66.348 85.227 38.076
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.735 0.685 0.002 0 0.036 0 0.006 0.001 0.557
Pagan)
nr2 8.744 23.621 46.283 43.105 47.047 46.928 43.293 43.956 39.354
nr2p 0.557 0.168 0.168 0.594 0.206 0.517 0.333 0.639 0.499
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
per per per
2000 2000 2000
0.071 0.139** 0.08

[0.080] [0.074] [0.080]
0.442*** 0.458*** 0.421***
[0.036] [0.043] [0.036]
-0.021 -0.07 -0.009
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
-
-0.105 -0.107
0.234***
[0.364] [0.280] [0.354]

0.314** 0.296** 0.238*
[0.871] [0.852] [0.854]
0.251** 0.237**
[0.284] [0.312]
- -
0.162*** 0.176***
[0.210] [0.205]
0.076 0.079
[0.278] [0.280]
-0.032 -0.037
[0.434] [0.439]
0.310* 0.472*** 0.357**
[0.013] [0.013] [0.012]
-0.039 -0.146 -0.081
[0.020] [0.019] [0.019]
-0.116 -0.312* -0.145
[0.014] [0.015] [0.014]
-0.192 0.01 -0.156
[0.017] [0.017] [0.017]
0.368 0.317 0.43
[0.084] [0.082] [0.082]
-0.412** -0.440** -0.353*
[0.031] [0.030] [0.032]

0.087 0.054 0.039
[0.035] [0.036] [0.032]
0.178 0.239 0.077
[0.034] [0.035] [0.032]
-0.204* -0.154 -0.185
[0.025] [0.023] [0.025]
0.071** 0.069* 0.067**
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007]
-0.011 -0.028 0.02
[0.033] [0.035] [0.035]
-0.061 -0.084 -0.063
[0.034] [0.043] [0.034]
0.094 0.11 0.067
[0.044] [0.048] [0.047]
0.077*** 0.118*** 0.083***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.076
[0.284]
0.127 0.052
[0.326] [0.388]
0.835 0.804 0.834
71 71 71
0.113 0.204 0.098
0.048 0.032 0.036
32.845 25.122 37.753
0.953 0.968 0.856
23.053 18.125 26.741
0.999 0.999 0.994
421.882 119.882 634.434
0 0 0
0.003 0.015 0.002

0.023 0.123 0.107
0.002 0 0.003
-10 -11 -12
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
6.189 -0.771 3.352

[74.269] [43.758] [71.825]
-5.949 0.813 -3.492
[55.243] [32.483] [53.439]
0.228 0.204* 0.219*
[0.050] [0.042] [0.046]
-0.198 -0.236 -0.168
[0.007] [0.006] [0.007]
0.113 -0.224** 0.074
[0.470] [0.315] [0.442]

0.048 0.158 -0.019
[1.249] [1.056] [1.126]
0.417* 0.554*
[0.418] [0.593]
0.008 0.041
[0.490] [0.423]
0.789* 0.397
[0.941] [0.685]
-0.516 -0.493
[2.500] [2.555]
0.480* 1.038*** 0.414
[0.017] [0.016] [0.018]
-0.205 -0.606** -0.211
[0.031] [0.028] [0.031]
-
-0.091 -0.136
0.766***
[0.015] [0.016] [0.017]

0.074 0.595*** 0.117
[0.018] [0.016] [0.019]
0.203 0.002 0.166
[0.090] [0.067] [0.077]
0.347 1.039*** 0.219
[0.034] [0.034] [0.034]
-0.139 -0.427** -0.117
[0.039] [0.038] [0.029]
-0.253 -0.125 -0.155
[0.036] [0.029] [0.029]
0.006 -0.127 0.014
[0.024] [0.032] [0.030]
-
0.005 -0.177
0.332***
[0.019] [0.009] [0.019]

0.752 0.231* 0.665
[0.202] [0.047] [0.228]
-0.076 -0.335** -0.006
[0.068] [0.053] [0.064]
0.175 0.677*** 0.149
[0.106] [0.073] [0.116]
-
-0.109 -0.134
0.150***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

-0.121
[0.521]
0.335** -0.088
[0.328] [0.543]
71 71 71
64.422 61.524 77.321
0.057 0.016 0.005
47.256 38.247 42.457

0.503 0.549 0.699
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A2_8500 0.336 0.284** 0.581*** 0.516*** 0.585*** 0.526*** 0.589*** 0.506*** 0.550***
[0.240] [0.108] [0.057] [0.050] [0.057] [0.049] [0.053] [0.051] [0.057]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.367** 0.304*** 0.289*** 0.246*** 0.292*** 0.248*** 0.261*** 0.252*** 0.315***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.079] [0.053] [0.037] [0.031] [0.035] [0.029] [0.037] [0.032] [0.035]
Hosftede
- - - -
individua -0.005 0.079 -0.115* -0.099 -0.121*
0.242*** 0.216*** 0.232*** 0.237***
lism
[0.006] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - -
n -0.117 -0.110* -0.106* -0.109*
0.260*** 0.260*** 0.250*** 0.195*** 0.216***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.271] [0.342] [0.255] [0.286] [0.256] [0.280] [0.253] [0.283] [0.293]
Latitud 0.112 0.062 0.175 0.117 0.152 0.098 0.183 0.121 0.340***
[0.681] [0.637] [0.729] [0.700] [0.708] [0.680] [0.761] [0.710] [0.708]
continent
0.188** 0.136* 0.131* 0.142*
==2
[0.246] [0.214] [0.204] [0.219]
continent - - -
-0.130*
==3 0.211*** 0.207*** 0.194***
[0.274] [0.161] [0.155] [0.203]

continent
0.157** 0.07 0.067 0.067
==4
[0.211] [0.230] [0.226] [0.231]
continent
-0.011 -0.073 -0.074 -0.07
==5
[0.369] [0.381] [0.369] [0.387]
humid1 0.506*** 0.395*** 0.442*** 0.351*** 0.514*** 0.400*** 0.356***
[0.010] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.010] [0.010] [0.009]
humid2 -0.190* -0.139 -0.144 -0.108 -0.196** -0.141 -0.082
[0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.018] [0.016] [0.017] [0.014]
humid3 -0.319** -0.178 -0.304** -0.172 -0.307** -0.18 -0.242*
[0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.010]
humid4 0.068 -0.083 0.066 -0.079 0.075 -0.076 -0.037
[0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.014]
temp1 0.497 0.660** 0.324 0.535 0.563* 0.654* 0.355
[0.056] [0.058] [0.063] [0.064] [0.058] [0.059] [0.057]
- - - - - - -
temp2
0.549*** 0.477*** 0.518*** 0.458*** 0.503*** 0.466*** 0.648***
[0.021] [0.022] [0.022] [0.024] [0.020] [0.022] [0.020]

temp3 0.141 0.094 0.181* 0.125 0.109 0.09 0.241**
[0.026] [0.024] [0.027] [0.025] [0.026] [0.025] [0.027]
temp4 0.239 0.03 0.338 0.106 0.145 0.028 0.436
[0.023] [0.021] [0.024] [0.022] [0.024] [0.022] [0.024]
- - -
temp5 -0.213** -0.259** -0.218** -0.271**
0.244*** 0.280*** 0.294***
[0.018] [0.021] [0.020] [0.022] [0.018] [0.022] [0.016]

goldm 0.210*** 0.181*** 0.205*** 0.179*** 0.189*** 0.175*** 0.209***
[0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007]
- -
iron -0.107** -0.02 -0.024 -0.083* -0.017
0.112*** 0.144***
[0.025] [0.024] [0.023] [0.022] [0.025] [0.025] [0.023]

silv -0.05 -0.025 -0.025 -0.007 -0.033 -0.024 -0.019
[0.035] [0.024] [0.031] [0.022] [0.031] [0.024] [0.031]
zinc 0.105 0.003 0.073 -0.02 0.062 0.005 0.112
[0.039] [0.034] [0.036] [0.031] [0.035] [0.034] [0.036]
oilres 0.067*** 0.048*** 0.064** 0.046*** 0.064*** 0.048*** 0.057**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.070* -0.051
mar
[0.170] [0.160]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.025
0.135***
malaria
[0.012] [0.014]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.232***
in
tropical
zones
[0.273]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.803 0.828 0.866 0.901 0.868 0.901 0.877 0.899 0.876
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.141 0.309 0.245 0.088 0.208 0.24 0.317 0.096 0.371
p(UID) 0.719 0.004 0.033 0.021 0.051 0.028 0.042 0.025 0.023
Pagan-
10.923 20.161 26.049 28.973 25.947 27.323 26.711 33.776 26.4
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.364 0.324 0.929 0.977 0.958 0.993 0.947 0.94 0.952
Hall)
Pagan-
10.331 17.781 18.893 26.384 20.831 28.942 20.168 30.204 23.025
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.412 0.47 0.996 0.991 0.995 0.987 0.996 0.979 0.986
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 23.431 52.453 322.924 610.039 290.601 685.994 279.43 702.355 301.008
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.001 0 0.003 0 0 0 0.001
p(temp) 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500

gendiv 3.339 2.33 -3.410* -0.153 -3.819** -0.037 -3.903** 0.002 -3.411*
[64.449] [52.410] [52.804] [6.446] [49.966] [3.283] [51.574] [0.233] [52.185]
gendiv_s
-3.354 -2.221 3.396* 0.167 3.798** 0.044 3.897** -0.003 3.388*
q
[47.932] [37.631] [39.375] [4.881] [37.228] [2.432] [38.312] [0.176] [38.935]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.405*** 0.374*** 0.421*** 0.348*** 0.381*** 0.347*** 0.413*** 0.368*** 0.384***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.061] [0.028] [0.041] [0.009] [0.043] [0.004] [0.045] [0.000] [0.039]
Hosftede
individua 0.242*** 0.257*** 0.287*** 0.163*** 0.270*** 0.144*** 0.292*** 0.151*** 0.371***
lism
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.001] [0.006] [0.000] [0.007] [0.000] [0.006]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.074 0 0.021 0.021* -0.011 0.030*** 0.041 0.039*** -0.051
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.516] [0.276] [0.357] [0.065] [0.384] [0.032] [0.398] [0.002] [0.378]
Latitud 0.242** 0.04 0.401*** 0.273*** 0.407*** 0.308*** 0.410*** 0.300*** 0.186
[0.927] [0.612] [0.973] [0.139] [0.955] [0.060] [1.053] [0.004] [1.116]
continent
0.340*** 0.337*** 0.333*** 0.319***
==2
[0.143] [0.054] [0.026] [0.002]
continent
0.001 0.029** 0.030*** 0.100***
==3
[0.169] [0.056] [0.024] [0.003]
continent
0.229* 0.072*** 0.088*** 0.072***
==4
[0.464] [0.062] [0.034] [0.002]
continent - - -
-0.106
==5 0.177*** 0.151*** 0.051***
[1.944] [0.138] [0.065] [0.005]
- -
humid1 0.172 0.251* -0.016 0.192 0.287**
0.063*** 0.054***
[0.013] [0.002] [0.014] [0.001] [0.014] [0.000] [0.014]

humid2 -0.059 0.148*** -0.133 0.112*** -0.058 0.143*** -0.127
[0.022] [0.003] [0.024] [0.002] [0.023] [0.000] [0.022]
humid3 -0.01 0.115*** 0.009 0.112*** -0.004 0.111*** -0.103
[0.013] [0.002] [0.014] [0.001] [0.013] [0.000] [0.013]
- - -
humid4 -0.01 -0.028 -0.019 0.069
0.189*** 0.202*** 0.174***
[0.015] [0.002] [0.016] [0.001] [0.016] [0.000] [0.015]
- - -
temp1 -0.759** -0.511 -0.796* -0.409
0.526*** 0.392*** 0.585***
[0.078] [0.013] [0.083] [0.006] [0.089] [0.001] [0.077]

temp2 0.252 0.289*** 0.182 0.256*** 0.27 0.306*** 0.259
[0.035] [0.004] [0.038] [0.002] [0.036] [0.000] [0.033]
- - -
temp3 -0.099 -0.165 -0.1 -0.243*
0.077*** 0.112*** 0.084***
[0.030] [0.005] [0.033] [0.002] [0.033] [0.000] [0.040]

temp4 0.364 0.154*** 0.232 0.061*** 0.359 0.153*** 0.048
[0.029] [0.005] [0.030] [0.002] [0.032] [0.000] [0.030]
temp5 0.313** 0.181*** 0.266** 0.179*** 0.363** 0.248*** 0.326***
[0.030] [0.007] [0.032] [0.003] [0.034] [0.000] [0.030]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.458*** 0.186*** 0.439*** 0.187*** 0.491*** 0.211*** 0.475***
[0.022] [0.003] [0.019] [0.001] [0.024] [0.000] [0.021]
iron 0.065 0.120*** 0.087 0.087*** 0.08 0.051*** 0.078
[0.052] [0.013] [0.052] [0.006] [0.054] [0.000] [0.058]
- - -
silv -0.08 -0.167* -0.059 -0.186*
0.068*** 0.101*** 0.079***
[0.046] [0.006] [0.048] [0.004] [0.048] [0.000] [0.051]

zinc 0.269** 0.144*** 0.348** 0.186*** 0.243* 0.178*** 0.350***
[0.072] [0.014] [0.075] [0.008] [0.075] [0.000] [0.070]
oilres -0.012 0.026*** 0.007 0.031*** -0.006 0.033*** 0.012
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.102** 0.065***
mar
[0.195] [0.018]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.051
0.080***
malaria
[0.018] [0.000]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.174
in
tropical
zones
[0.418]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 14.808 336.116 46.426 103.811 35.319 67.974 42.194 116.711 34.866
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.139 0 0.164 0 0.681 0.03 0.376 0 0.7
Pagan)
nr2 16.596 69.404 40.079 43.244 41.741 41.549 40.409 43.041 41.501
nr2p 0.084 0 0.378 0.588 0.395 0.733 0.452 0.676 0.405
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
per per per
2000 2000 2000
0.497*** 0.575*** 0.523***

[0.051] [0.059] [0.049]
0.267*** 0.303*** 0.259***
d
[0.030] [0.039] [0.034]
-
-0.122* -0.122*
0.237***
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
-
-0.103 -0.114*
0.262***
[0.298] [0.256] [0.290]

0.202* 0.209* 0.146
[0.658] [0.763] [0.737]
0.129 0.16
[0.216] [0.271]
- -
0.193*** 0.205***
[0.173] [0.163]
0.061 0.071
[0.217] [0.227]
-0.07 -0.068
[0.378] [0.389]
0.331*** 0.505*** 0.387***
[0.010] [0.011] [0.009]
-0.091 -0.180* -0.126
[0.017] [0.016] [0.017]
-0.152 -0.312** -0.163
[0.010] [0.011] [0.011]
-0.122 0.06 -0.096
[0.014] [0.013] [0.014]
0.575* 0.492 0.655*
[0.060] [0.056] [0.058]
- - -
0.526*** 0.591*** 0.514***
[0.023] [0.025] [0.024]

0.146 0.152 0.111
[0.026] [0.027] [0.024]
0.145 0.273 0.063
[0.023] [0.024] [0.022]
- - -
0.304*** 0.247*** 0.283***
[0.020] [0.018] [0.021]

0.181*** 0.209*** 0.184***
[0.006] [0.007] [0.007]
-0.042 -0.124** -0.043
[0.025] [0.031] [0.032]

-0.012 -0.063 -0.037
[0.023] [0.037] [0.025]
0.017 0.123 0.029
[0.033] [0.042] [0.039]
0.045*** 0.065*** 0.045***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.113
[0.248]
-0.061 -0.071
[0.282] [0.393]
0.902 0.864 0.899
71 71 71
0.233 0.298 0.142
0.033 0.115 0.051
31.4 26.264 32.168
0.969 0.954 0.961
30.538 18.857 27.733
0.977 0.998 0.992
722.118 293.795 622.467
0 0 0
0 0.001 0
0 0.001 0
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500

-0.003 -3.332** -0.137
[23.652] [43.662] [6.235]
-0.082 3.309** 0.14
[17.492] [32.218] [4.590]
0.399*** 0.305*** 0.315***
[0.031] [0.040] [0.008]
0.250*** 0.362*** 0.199***
[0.003] [0.006] [0.001]
0.078** -0.032 0.013
[0.220] [0.305] [0.069]

0.211*** 0.108 0.171***
[0.407] [1.005] [0.123]
0.265*** 0.237***
[0.199] [0.053]
0.096* 0.022*
[0.246] [0.051]
0.148* 0.046**
[0.309] [0.061]
0.223*** 0.056***
[0.483] [0.122]
0.023 0.137 -0.024
[0.007] [0.014] [0.002]

0.06 -0.057 0.099***
[0.013] [0.023] [0.003]
0.097 -0.062 0.044**
[0.007] [0.013] [0.002]
- -
0.012
0.179*** 0.128***
[0.008] [0.013] [0.002]
- -
-0.309
0.708*** 0.475***
[0.040] [0.068] [0.012]

0.234*** 0.302 0.385***
[0.015] [0.036] [0.004]
-
-0.115** -0.231**
0.137***
[0.018] [0.033] [0.005]

0.106 -0.032 0.048
[0.016] [0.029] [0.004]
0.463*** 0.236** 0.169***
[0.019] [0.023] [0.006]
- - -
0.262*** 0.442*** 0.208***
[0.009] [0.017] [0.003]
-
0.167* 0.186***
0.203***
[0.049] [0.063] [0.011]
- -
-0.182**
0.222*** 0.030***
[0.021] [0.049] [0.005]

0.352*** 0.310** 0.066***
[0.041] [0.082] [0.010]
0.048*** 0.01 0.034***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.141**
[0.209]
0.285*** 0.202***
[0.345] [0.058]
71 71 71
83.143 59.233 84.594
0.001 0.026 0.001
50.571 45.26 54.114

0.372 0.262 0.252
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A3_8500 0.074 0.191*** 0.220*** 0.180*** 0.218*** 0.183*** 0.199*** 0.182*** 0.190***
[0.078] [0.045] [0.040] [0.037] [0.040] [0.037] [0.041] [0.039] [0.039]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.519*** 0.407*** 0.437*** 0.391*** 0.441*** 0.393*** 0.428*** 0.390*** 0.457***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.043] [0.046] [0.044] [0.042] [0.043] [0.041] [0.045] [0.042] [0.040]
Hosftede
individua 0.037 0.071 -0.066 -0.025 -0.05 -0.016 -0.059 -0.023 -0.07
lism
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - -
n -0.138** -0.126* -0.124* -0.126*
0.293*** 0.271*** 0.265*** 0.229*** 0.239***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.263] [0.308] [0.294] [0.314] [0.295] [0.311] [0.316] [0.315] [0.305]
Latitud 0.176** 0.067 0.203 0.117 0.192 0.107 0.226 0.115 0.333**
[0.539] [0.618] [0.853] [0.755] [0.851] [0.745] [0.860] [0.752] [0.906]
continent
0.282*** 0.318*** 0.318*** 0.318***
==2
[0.247] [0.271] [0.269] [0.272]
continent - -
-0.087 -0.168**
==3 0.163*** 0.161***
[0.214] [0.189] [0.186] [0.238]

continent
0.193** 0.099 0.098 0.1
==4
[0.239] [0.279] [0.279] [0.282]
continent
0.011 -0.017 -0.017 -0.017
==5
[0.392] [0.489] [0.483] [0.488]
humid1 0.360* 0.214 0.324* 0.19 0.384** 0.211 0.28
[0.015] [0.013] [0.015] [0.014] [0.014] [0.014] [0.016]
humid2 -0.084 -0.017 -0.058 0 -0.094 -0.015 -0.019
[0.020] [0.021] [0.020] [0.022] [0.020] [0.022] [0.021]
humid3 -0.178 0.009 -0.169 0.015 -0.186 0.011 -0.147
[0.017] [0.016] [0.016] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.017]
humid4 -0.004 -0.201 -0.005 -0.2 0.004 -0.204 -0.071
[0.016] [0.018] [0.016] [0.018] [0.016] [0.019] [0.017]
temp1 0.547 0.605 0.44 0.546 0.559 0.607 0.419
[0.064] [0.071] [0.068] [0.077] [0.068] [0.071] [0.064]
-
temp2 -0.408** -0.263 -0.389** -0.252 -0.385** -0.265
0.489***
[0.027] [0.028] [0.029] [0.030] [0.027] [0.028] [0.025]

temp3 -0.004 -0.005 0.021 0.009 -0.018 -0.004 0.078
[0.029] [0.028] [0.029] [0.029] [0.030] [0.028] [0.031]
temp4 -0.03 -0.201 0.033 -0.168 -0.05 -0.203 0.157
[0.026] [0.028] [0.026] [0.028] [0.027] [0.027] [0.027]
-
temp5 -0.241** -0.226* -0.222** -0.216* -0.218** -0.229*
0.270***
[0.020] [0.025] [0.022] [0.027] [0.021] [0.026] [0.018]

goldm 0.087** 0.077*** 0.083** 0.075** 0.073* 0.079*** 0.091***
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
iron -0.123** -0.051 -0.125** -0.054 -0.1 -0.052 -0.141**
[0.033] [0.033] [0.032] [0.032] [0.034] [0.033] [0.031]
silv -0.044 -0.015 -0.03 -0.005 -0.04 -0.015 -0.029
[0.044] [0.033] [0.043] [0.032] [0.042] [0.033] [0.042]
zinc 0.15 0.095 0.131 0.084 0.125 0.095 0.156
[0.050] [0.043] [0.049] [0.041] [0.047] [0.043] [0.048]
oilres 0.093*** 0.069*** 0.092*** 0.068*** 0.091*** 0.069*** 0.085***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.041 -0.025
mar
[0.209] [0.218]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.086* 0.007
malaria
[0.014] [0.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.162
in
tropical
zones
[0.305]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.786 0.837 0.824 0.867 0.822 0.865 0.827 0.864 0.827
Observat
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
ions
p(OID) 0.055 0.149 0.088 0.117 0.103 0.147 0.033 0.134 0.139
p(UID) 0.098 0.005 0.03 0.088 0.032 0.09 0.059 0.07 0.029
Pagan-
7.514 13.149 26.589 31.386 28.265 32.41 29.312 32.812 27.42
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.676 0.783 0.918 0.951 0.918 0.959 0.894 0.954 0.935
Hall)
Pagan-
7.136 10.399 19.332 25.544 21.047 27.341 20.439 26.655 20.974
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.713 0.918 0.995 0.994 0.994 0.993 0.996 0.995 0.994
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 13.413 35.329 381.374 677.081 317.43 937.905 548.922 1427.315 355.514
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.037 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.03 0.005 0.049 0.012 0.016 0.006 0.025
p(temp) 0.074 0.103 0.16 0.189 0.174 0.099 0.001
p(natural 0 0.002 0 0.004 0 0.002 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
11.693**
gendiv 8.608* 1.076 0.177 1.23 0.33 0.575 1.224 0.541
*
[120.227 [159.714
[82.789] [43.618] [79.986] [48.415] [79.741] [86.906] [87.803]
] ]
-
gendiv_s
11.710** -8.690* -1.057 -0.129 -1.247 -0.372 -0.515 -1.093 -0.544
q
*
[116.001
[90.570] [60.698] [32.192] [58.639] [34.956] [58.529] [63.644] [65.355]
]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.155 0.087 0.332*** 0.253*** 0.317*** 0.229*** 0.325*** 0.291*** 0.358***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.127] [0.083] [0.058] [0.027] [0.061] [0.029] [0.063] [0.047] [0.058]
Hosftede
individua 0.325* 0.413*** -0.079 -0.026 -0.132 0.023 -0.134 -0.111 -0.068
lism
[0.014] [0.009] [0.007] [0.004] [0.009] [0.004] [0.010] [0.006] [0.007]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.062 -0.033 -0.002 0.133** -0.002 0.130** 0.141 0.216** -0.005
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.823] [0.821] [0.455] [0.345] [0.453] [0.355] [0.730] [0.666] [0.619]
Latitud 0.068 -0.059 1.032*** 0.772*** 1.110*** 0.722*** 1.045*** 0.842*** 0.997***
[1.846] [1.413] [1.730] [0.733] [1.851] [0.597] [1.782] [1.411] [1.733]
continent -
-0.003 -0.105** -0.1
==2 0.130***
[0.589] [0.192] [0.201] [0.386]
continent - -
-0.147 0.004
==3 0.230*** 0.197***
[0.769] [0.182] [0.216] [0.330]

continent
-0.134 -0.002 -0.052 0.088
==4
[1.498] [0.297] [0.363] [0.652]
continent
-0.134 0.232*** 0.226*** 0.526***
==5
[3.307] [0.538] [0.486] [1.848]
humid1 1.164*** 0.848*** 1.287*** 0.830*** 1.335*** 1.024*** 1.082***
[0.024] [0.008] [0.026] [0.010] [0.028] [0.019] [0.032]
- - - - - -
humid2 -0.523**
0.496*** 0.376*** 0.599*** 0.376*** 0.568*** 0.461***
[0.039] [0.017] [0.044] [0.018] [0.039] [0.032] [0.051]
- - - - - - -
humid3
0.903*** 0.544*** 0.951*** 0.547*** 1.024*** 0.739*** 0.852***
[0.027] [0.009] [0.029] [0.009] [0.031] [0.018] [0.028]

humid4 0.24 0.109* 0.241 0.117** 0.359** 0.324*** 0.281*
[0.028] [0.010] [0.030] [0.010] [0.030] [0.018] [0.029]
- - -
temp1 -0.905* -0.604 -0.622 -0.956*
1.612*** 1.719*** 1.371***
[0.125] [0.038] [0.126] [0.049] [0.127] [0.072] [0.135]

temp2 0.342 -0.069 0.333 -0.125 0.035 -0.178 0.091
[0.069] [0.020] [0.073] [0.027] [0.063] [0.045] [0.076]
temp3 0.136 0.393*** 0.059 0.414*** 0.088 0.331** 0.277
[0.049] [0.024] [0.051] [0.025] [0.053] [0.053] [0.080]
temp4 1.074** 1.682*** 0.854* 1.767*** 1.149** 1.667*** 1.309***
[0.055] [0.018] [0.056] [0.022] [0.057] [0.034] [0.057]
temp5 0.253 0.375*** 0.222 0.416*** 0.258 0.436*** 0.193
[0.049] [0.018] [0.050] [0.025] [0.052] [0.029] [0.051]
goldm 0.067 0.063*** 0.088** 0.068*** 0.008 0.041 0.058
[0.014] [0.006] [0.015] [0.006] [0.013] [0.015] [0.014]
iron 0.237** 0.033 0.268** 0.018 0.422*** -0.102 0.113
[0.094] [0.072] [0.084] [0.060] [0.115] [0.165] [0.098]
- - -
silv -0.218** -0.257** -0.169 -0.195*
0.256*** 0.254*** 0.279***
[0.068] [0.024] [0.066] [0.026] [0.094] [0.048] [0.067]

zinc 0.289* 0.1 0.302** 0.091 0.109 0.163 0.359**
[0.098] [0.055] [0.090] [0.054] [0.116] [0.079] [0.093]
-
oilres -0.133** -0.102 -0.067** -0.109 -0.071** -0.191**
0.061***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.092** -0.013
mar
[0.268] [0.177]
EcologÃ
- -
a de la
0.251*** 0.356***
malaria
[0.042] [0.020]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.16
in
tropical
zones
[0.796]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 19.206 174.203 41.851 96.347 51.413 78.789 34.579 83.511 37.252
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.038 0 0.307 0 0.107 0.003 0.712 0.001 0.595
Pagan)
nr2 21.831 64.147 46.263 37.119 52.359 39.663 41.147 46.089 50.3
nr2p 0.016 0 0.168 0.822 0.091 0.799 0.42 0.551 0.127
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
per per per
2000 2000 2000
0.180*** 0.216*** 0.185***

[0.037] [0.042] [0.037]
0.395*** 0.405*** 0.377***
d
[0.041] [0.044] [0.040]
-0.027 -0.075 -0.019
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
-
-0.123* -0.122*
0.266***
[0.317] [0.294] [0.309]

0.139 0.116 0.089
[0.812] [0.912] [0.783]
0.315*** 0.298***
[0.276] [0.305]
- -
0.159*** 0.168***
[0.193] [0.189]
0.098 0.1
[0.281] [0.280]
-0.017 -0.021
[0.488] [0.498]
0.198 0.367** 0.218
[0.014] [0.013] [0.013]
-0.004 -0.112 -0.026
[0.022] [0.019] [0.021]
0.014 -0.201 -0.003
[0.016] [0.016] [0.016]
-0.211 0.018 -0.19
[0.018] [0.015] [0.018]
0.587 0.547 0.622
[0.072] [0.064] [0.069]
-0.281 -0.29 -0.237
[0.028] [0.029] [0.030]

0.009 -0.037 -0.02
[0.030] [0.029] [0.026]
-0.17 -0.113 -0.237
[0.029] [0.027] [0.026]
-0.234* -0.229** -0.226*
[0.026] [0.020] [0.025]

0.078*** 0.086** 0.077***
[0.006] [0.008] [0.006]
-0.057 -0.072 -0.034
[0.033] [0.037] [0.036]
-0.012 -0.012 -0.005
[0.034] [0.045] [0.033]
0.097 0.103 0.073
[0.042] [0.053] [0.043]
0.068*** 0.098*** 0.071***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.03
[0.250]
0.171 0.057
[0.309] [0.336]
0.864 0.826 0.865
70 70 70
0.314 0.035 0.199
0.089 0.052 0.143
31.251 27.472 34.864
0.971 0.934 0.922
25.718 19.452 27.843
0.997 0.997 0.991
518.583 284.378 581.082
0 0 0
0.007 0.062 0.007

0.082 0.205 0.181
0.002 0 0.005
-10 -11 -12
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
0.037 -0.682 0.487

[63.029] [77.478] [88.535]
0.035 0.667 -0.172
[45.941] [57.113] [63.363]
0.263*** 0.369*** 0.303***
[0.037] [0.059] [0.053]
-0.036 -0.039 -0.022
[0.005] [0.008] [0.007]
0.171*** -0.014 0.242**
[0.410] [0.466] [0.837]

0.913*** 1.075*** 0.858***
[1.123] [1.599] [1.101]
-0.140** -0.166
[0.224] [0.607]
- -
0.215*** 0.312***
[0.250] [0.458]
0.062 0.346
[0.451] [1.028]
0.209*** 0.296**
[0.635] [1.276]
0.843*** 1.150*** 0.924***
[0.014] [0.026] [0.020]
- - -
0.368*** 0.473*** 0.415***
[0.025] [0.041] [0.037]
- - -
0.544*** 0.782*** 0.544***
[0.013] [0.029] [0.023]

0.057 0.162 0.105
[0.014] [0.030] [0.027]
- -
-0.716
1.603*** 1.263***
[0.063] [0.137] [0.092]

-0.156 0.028 -0.197
[0.024] [0.062] [0.056]
0.405*** 0.145 0.334**
[0.040] [0.058] [0.050]
1.722*** 1.093** 1.450***
[0.026] [0.053] [0.039]
0.415*** 0.305* 0.415***
[0.030] [0.048] [0.038]
0.075** 0.052 0.087
[0.010] [0.012] [0.019]
-0.057 0.145 -0.181
[0.100] [0.083] [0.194]
- -
-0.221**
0.271*** 0.328***
[0.031] [0.061] [0.045]

0.143 0.340** 0.225
[0.079] [0.095] [0.121]
-0.073** -0.184** -0.117**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

0.107
[0.356]
-0.197** -0.024
[0.378] [0.671]
70 70 70
78.706 46.485 72.098
0.003 0.223 0.014
36.049 50 41.471
0.898 0.134 0.736
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A4_8500 0.391** 0.416*** 0.409*** 0.299*** 0.402*** 0.299*** 0.406*** 0.300*** 0.414***
[0.121] [0.057] [0.048] [0.044] [0.048] [0.044] [0.043] [0.047] [0.039]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.331*** 0.253*** 0.325*** 0.326*** 0.331*** 0.329*** 0.312*** 0.328*** 0.339***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.051] [0.043] [0.040] [0.035] [0.040] [0.034] [0.040] [0.036] [0.036]
Hosftede
individua 0.024 0.064 -0.119 -0.062 -0.102 -0.052 -0.112 -0.069 -0.123
lism
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - -
n -0.187**
0.292*** 0.306*** 0.182*** 0.299*** 0.180*** 0.271*** 0.181*** 0.255***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.222] [0.364] [0.248] [0.316] [0.249] [0.313] [0.286] [0.315] [0.271]
Latitud 0.108 0.073 0.219 0.175 0.208 0.166 0.226* 0.176 0.398***
[0.478] [0.514] [0.837] [0.755] [0.841] [0.757] [0.835] [0.766] [0.877]
continent
0.141* 0.211** 0.209*** 0.213**
==2
[0.202] [0.222] [0.218] [0.228]
continent - -
-0.077 -0.121*
==3 0.136*** 0.134***
[0.258] [0.173] [0.168] [0.227]

continent
0.130* 0.07 0.068 0.066
==4
[0.203] [0.269] [0.269] [0.268]
continent
0.008 -0.027 -0.027 -0.025
==5
[0.377] [0.363] [0.357] [0.371]
humid1 0.575*** 0.443*** 0.536*** 0.418** 0.579*** 0.448*** 0.398**
[0.015] [0.013] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015] [0.013] [0.014]
humid2 -0.293** -0.200* -0.263** -0.182 -0.294** -0.203* -0.171
[0.021] [0.020] [0.021] [0.021] [0.020] [0.020] [0.020]
humid3 -0.429** -0.256 -0.419** -0.252 -0.422** -0.26 -0.340*
[0.017] [0.015] [0.017] [0.016] [0.017] [0.015] [0.016]
humid4 0.144 -0.031 0.141 -0.03 0.146 -0.023 0.025
[0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015] [0.015]
temp1 0.275 0.38 0.171 0.309 0.309 0.38 0.127
[0.063] [0.068] [0.067] [0.073] [0.065] [0.068] [0.057]
-
temp2 -0.281 -0.235 -0.266 -0.223 -0.258 -0.227
0.399***
[0.026] [0.031] [0.026] [0.031] [0.026] [0.030] [0.023]

temp3 0.038 0.028 0.063 0.045 0.021 0.026 0.159
[0.030] [0.028] [0.031] [0.029] [0.030] [0.028] [0.027]
temp4 0.165 0.033 0.227 0.076 0.117 0.03 0.384
[0.027] [0.027] [0.027] [0.028] [0.027] [0.027] [0.024]
temp5 -0.174* -0.186 -0.155 -0.174 -0.16 -0.181 -0.238**
[0.020] [0.023] [0.021] [0.024] [0.020] [0.024] [0.019]
goldm 0.093** 0.083*** 0.089** 0.080*** 0.080** 0.079*** 0.099***
[0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.009] [0.007] [0.007]
iron -0.032 0.015 -0.035 0.013 -0.019 0.017 -0.078
[0.031] [0.031] [0.031] [0.031] [0.031] [0.031] [0.032]
silv -0.142 -0.103 -0.126 -0.094 -0.132 -0.101 -0.103
[0.042] [0.035] [0.040] [0.034] [0.039] [0.035] [0.038]
zinc 0.187* 0.126 0.168* 0.115 0.164* 0.127 0.192*
[0.044] [0.038] [0.043] [0.037] [0.041] [0.038] [0.044]
oilres 0.077*** 0.062*** 0.075*** 0.061*** 0.076*** 0.062*** 0.064***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.042 -0.028
mar
[0.166] [0.172]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.072* -0.023
malaria
[0.013] [0.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.271***
in
tropical
zones
[0.251]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.84 0.85 0.863 0.881 0.863 0.88 0.865 0.879 0.878
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.671 0.438 0.859 0.081 0.822 0.069 0.49 0.115 0.532
p(UID) 0.253 0.003 0.157 0.045 0.162 0.07 0.128 0.056 0.115
Pagan-
6.207 11.438 25.798 27.036 26.957 29.943 23.008 28.778 27.748
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.798 0.875 0.934 0.988 0.943 0.981 0.986 0.987 0.929
Hall)
Pagan-
6.804 12.381 27.626 25.515 29.772 29.607 22.793 26.606 26.758
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.744 0.827 0.893 0.994 0.881 0.983 0.987 0.995 0.946
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 8.951 92.965 182.537 316.831 204.379 335.809 336.395 325.926 244.891
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.176 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.004 0 0.008 0.001 0.003 0 0.002
p(temp) 0.223 0.179 0.29 0.252 0.301 0.199 0.002
p(natural 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
gendiv 5.702** 2.186 0.621 1.649 1.473 1.753 2.436 2.164 -0.397
[100.587 [103.412
[85.286] [77.346] [47.223] [55.804] [85.986] [60.877] [96.652]
] ]
gendiv_s
-5.810** -2.446 -0.606 -1.739 -1.484 -1.841 -2.388 -2.305 0.445
q
[63.541] [56.372] [74.800] [35.661] [77.022] [42.243] [63.905] [46.176] [72.222]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.357*** 0.435*** 0.461*** 0.464*** 0.461*** 0.464*** 0.420*** 0.497*** 0.486***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.075] [0.045] [0.052] [0.028] [0.060] [0.031] [0.051] [0.037] [0.045]
Hosftede
individua 0.162 0.075 0.290* 0.231*** 0.269 0.204*** 0.396** 0.244*** 0.236*
lism
[0.011] [0.006] [0.012] [0.003] [0.015] [0.004] [0.011] [0.005] [0.009]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.034 0.155*** 0.042 0.360*** 0.032 0.364*** 0.135 0.374*** 0.023
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.577] [0.335] [0.672] [0.248] [0.751] [0.272] [0.655] [0.338] [0.557]
Latitud 0.288* 0.189* 0.204 0.323*** 0.209 0.348*** 0.101 0.343*** 0.066
[1.458] [0.840] [2.186] [0.436] [2.368] [0.480] [1.961] [0.633] [2.065]
continent
0.340*** 0.114** 0.109** 0.061
==2
[0.294] [0.153] [0.182] [0.233]
continent
0.021 -0.116** -0.118** -0.006
==3
[0.466] [0.209] [0.230] [0.324]

continent
-0.024 0.228** 0.231** 0.197
==4
[0.693] [0.321] [0.352] [0.498]
continent
-0.1 0.238*** 0.255*** 0.360***
==5
[2.359] [0.468] [0.526] [0.793]
humid1 -0.13 -0.279** -0.026 -0.239* -0.366 -0.248 0.101
[0.026] [0.013] [0.026] [0.014] [0.027] [0.020] [0.026]
humid2 0.392** 0.433*** 0.305* 0.397*** 0.573*** 0.394*** 0.269
[0.037] [0.022] [0.038] [0.021] [0.041] [0.031] [0.037]
humid3 0.323 0.414*** 0.261 0.401*** 0.554** 0.409** 0.236
[0.027] [0.013] [0.029] [0.015] [0.029] [0.020] [0.026]
- - -
humid4 -0.394** -0.363** -0.535** -0.278
0.554*** 0.548*** 0.562***
[0.028] [0.015] [0.028] [0.017] [0.034] [0.022] [0.028]

temp1 0.051 -0.446** 0.303 -0.365 -0.053 -0.503* 0.21
[0.107] [0.044] [0.141] [0.066] [0.097] [0.063] [0.098]
- - -
temp2 -0.397 -0.482 -0.202 -0.287
0.560*** 0.575*** 0.569***
[0.062] [0.020] [0.070] [0.024] [0.063] [0.030] [0.050]

temp3 -0.023 0.149** -0.054 0.135** 0.007 0.136* -0.183
[0.055] [0.020] [0.062] [0.021] [0.049] [0.028] [0.049]
temp4 0.235 0.499*** 0.129 0.456** 0.07 0.490** 0.022
[0.045] [0.018] [0.052] [0.022] [0.042] [0.025] [0.040]
temp5 0.155 0.348*** 0.086 0.325*** 0.173 0.440*** 0.262
[0.040] [0.023] [0.041] [0.030] [0.040] [0.028] [0.045]
goldm -0.207 0.022 -0.203 0.034 -0.235* -0.002 -0.201*
[0.044] [0.010] [0.043] [0.011] [0.036] [0.015] [0.030]
- - -
iron -0.198 -0.209 -0.167 -0.13
0.493*** 0.522*** 0.583***
[0.115] [0.046] [0.118] [0.051] [0.087] [0.071] [0.103]

silv 0.141 -0.039 0.091 -0.059* 0.195 -0.075* 0.112
[0.072] [0.017] [0.073] [0.019] [0.071] [0.023] [0.061]
zinc 0.106 0.109* 0.16 0.140* -0.027 0.180* 0.15
[0.112] [0.037] [0.126] [0.046] [0.080] [0.055] [0.103]
oilres 0.096 0.061*** 0.098 0.058*** 0.143* 0.076*** 0.095*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.089 0.025
mar
[0.402] [0.218]
EcologÃ
- -
a de la
0.211*** 0.127***
malaria
[0.033] [0.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.329**
in
tropical
zones
[0.545]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 34.677 263.024 76.286 73.673 67.34 68.875 71.232 74.739 58.467
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0 0 0 0.006 0.004 0.026 0.002 0.008 0.03
Pagan)
nr2 28.21 68.627 49.303 53.058 44.373 53.414 50.469 50.629 35.069
nr2p 0.002 0 0.104 0.221 0.292 0.274 0.124 0.37 0.692
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
per per per
2000 2000 2000
0.332*** 0.421*** 0.305***

[0.038] [0.043] [0.044]
0.336*** 0.315*** 0.329***
d
[0.033] [0.038] [0.035]
-0.084 -0.121 -0.065
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
- - -
0.180*** 0.307*** 0.185***
[0.322] [0.250] [0.327]

0.292** 0.203 0.184
[0.799] [0.914] [0.800]
0.181** 0.218**
[0.221] [0.273]
-
-0.103**
0.133***
[0.172] [0.177]
0.049 0.069
[0.257] [0.269]
-0.027 -0.025
[0.357] [0.376]
0.352** 0.576*** 0.441***
[0.013] [0.015] [0.013]
-0.142 -0.301** -0.198*
[0.020] [0.019] [0.019]
-0.232 -0.435** -0.253
[0.015] [0.017] [0.015]
-0.071 0.15 -0.033
[0.015] [0.014] [0.015]
0.262 0.278 0.377
[0.065] [0.063] [0.068]
-0.31 -0.259 -0.245
[0.030] [0.031] [0.032]

0.11 0.032 0.033
[0.027] [0.029] [0.027]
0.202 0.146 0.044
[0.027] [0.028] [0.027]
-0.233** -0.173* -0.187
[0.023] [0.020] [0.023]
0.089*** 0.093** 0.083***
[0.006] [0.008] [0.007]
-0.021 -0.025 0.007
[0.032] [0.032] [0.034]
-0.083 -0.138 -0.108
[0.034] [0.045] [0.036]
0.146* 0.181* 0.137
[0.038] [0.047] [0.042]
0.056*** 0.077*** 0.061***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.180**
[0.228]
0.023 -0.025
[0.331] [0.395]
0.886 0.86 0.879
71 71 71
0.118 0.747 0.07
0.142 0.106 0.096
29.195 25.198 26.715
0.985 0.967 0.995
26.324 27.811 25.384
0.995 0.927 0.997
830.447 283.627 439.274
0 0 0
0.001 0.006 0
0.027 0.284 0.138
0 0.001 0
-10 -11 -12
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
0.841 -0.108 0.887

[44.342] [91.028] [34.359]
-0.897 0.156 -0.895

[32.913] [67.668] [25.957]
0.410*** 0.445*** 0.361***
[0.033] [0.049] [0.019]
0.198*** 0.235 0.184***
[0.003] [0.010] [0.002]
0.341*** 0.065 0.344***
[0.208] [0.565] [0.169]

0.179* 0.218 0.240***
[0.743] [2.028] [0.354]
0.197*** 0.078
[0.208] [0.195]
- -
0.174*** 0.173***
[0.213] [0.150]
0.251*** 0.223***
[0.340] [0.249]
0.186*** 0.137***
[0.567] [0.373]
-0.02 0.032 -0.179**
[0.014] [0.028] [0.008]
0.238** 0.261 0.346***
[0.022] [0.043] [0.013]
0.286** 0.058 0.325***
[0.015] [0.029] [0.008]
- -
-0.164
0.410*** 0.435***
[0.016] [0.031] [0.009]

-0.053 -0.269 -0.174
[0.054] [0.097] [0.029]
- -
-0.031
0.396*** 0.348***
[0.023] [0.060] [0.014]

-0.04 -0.05 0.056
[0.026] [0.055] [0.014]
0.154 0.321 0.286**
[0.023] [0.038] [0.012]
0.334*** 0.203 0.193***
[0.025] [0.042] [0.016]
0 -0.148 0.022
[0.018] [0.039] [0.007]
- -
-0.149
0.332*** 0.218***
[0.065] [0.099] [0.038]

-0.062** 0.187 0.074***
[0.017] [0.068] [0.013]
0.071 0.066 -0.089*
[0.039] [0.102] [0.026]
0.048*** 0.07 0.038***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-
0.294***
[0.292]
0.249 0.265***
[0.707] [0.230]
71 71 71
45.932 61.52 74.947
0.558 0.016 0.008
38.82 38.106 47.72

0.825 0.556 0.484
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
A5_8500 0.423* 0.201** 0.190*** 0.181*** 0.192*** 0.164*** 0.153** 0.184*** 0.198***
[0.261] [0.091] [0.072] [0.066] [0.070] [0.067] [0.073] [0.067] [0.065]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.349** 0.360*** 0.444*** 0.391*** 0.448*** 0.400*** 0.434*** 0.392*** 0.449***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.078] [0.053] [0.047] [0.043] [0.044] [0.041] [0.047] [0.044] [0.045]
Hosftede
individua -0.083 0.049 -0.131 -0.074 -0.106 -0.054 -0.111 -0.082 -0.134
lism
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - -
n -0.133* -0.114* -0.109* -0.114*
0.275*** 0.252*** 0.243*** 0.199*** 0.229***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.322] [0.366] [0.261] [0.308] [0.265] [0.305] [0.290] [0.305] [0.271]
Latitud 0.273*** 0.098 0.287** 0.171 0.265* 0.165 0.311** 0.171 0.365**
[0.610] [0.648] [0.895] [0.807] [0.887] [0.780] [0.918] [0.819] [0.992]
continent
0.291*** 0.290*** 0.288*** 0.293***
==2
[0.270] [0.290] [0.281] [0.294]
continent - -
-0.120* -0.157**
==3 0.171*** 0.168***
[0.245] [0.186] [0.184] [0.224]

continent
0.152* 0.083 0.083 0.079
==4
[0.242] [0.261] [0.258] [0.266]
continent
0.006 -0.045 -0.043 -0.044
==5
[0.447] [0.490] [0.470] [0.500]
humid1 0.539*** 0.380** 0.481*** 0.340** 0.546*** 0.384** 0.460**
[0.013] [0.012] [0.014] [0.013] [0.013] [0.012] [0.015]
humid2 -0.159 -0.092 -0.117 -0.061 -0.16 -0.095 -0.104
[0.019] [0.021] [0.019] [0.022] [0.018] [0.021] [0.020]
humid3 -0.323* -0.131 -0.309* -0.124 -0.313* -0.134 -0.282
[0.015] [0.014] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015]
humid4 0.046 -0.138 0.045 -0.14 0.047 -0.131 -0.007
[0.015] [0.017] [0.014] [0.016] [0.014] [0.017] [0.015]
temp1 0.222 0.38 0.063 0.266 0.277 0.38 0.155
[0.065] [0.072] [0.067] [0.078] [0.071] [0.072] [0.062]
- - - -
temp2 -0.413** -0.388** -0.407**
0.553*** 0.525*** 0.496*** 0.611***
[0.027] [0.027] [0.028] [0.030] [0.027] [0.028] [0.025]

temp3 0.141 0.112 0.179* 0.132 0.101 0.11 0.199*
[0.029] [0.029] [0.028] [0.030] [0.031] [0.029] [0.028]
temp4 0.357 0.115 0.448 0.182 0.28 0.112 0.457
[0.027] [0.026] [0.026] [0.028] [0.029] [0.026] [0.026]
temp5 -0.172* -0.198 -0.143 -0.176 -0.15 -0.193 -0.201**
[0.021] [0.026] [0.022] [0.026] [0.022] [0.026] [0.020]
goldm 0.091*** 0.078*** 0.085*** 0.074*** 0.071** 0.075*** 0.094***
[0.007] [0.006] [0.007] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.007]
iron -0.058 0.016 -0.062 0.013 -0.035 0.018 -0.079
[0.033] [0.032] [0.031] [0.031] [0.034] [0.032] [0.034]
silv -0.093 -0.054 -0.071 -0.04 -0.081 -0.051 -0.075
[0.048] [0.038] [0.046] [0.036] [0.045] [0.038] [0.047]
zinc 0.132 0.066 0.103 0.05 0.102 0.066 0.133
[0.050] [0.043] [0.048] [0.041] [0.047] [0.043] [0.049]
oilres 0.099*** 0.075*** 0.097*** 0.072*** 0.095*** 0.076*** 0.094***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.064 -0.045
mar
[0.203] [0.208]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.116** -0.02
malaria
[0.014] [0.016]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.122
in
tropical
zones
[0.311]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.738 0.818 0.824 0.865 0.825 0.864 0.83 0.863 0.824
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.68 0.019 0.238 0.194 0.106 0.05 0.126 0.123 0.17
p(UID) 0.342 0.004 0.164 0.22 0.255 0.323 0.193 0.152 0.021
Pagan-
7.958 19.038 23.286 21.964 22.754 24.491 23.478 22.685 25.947
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.633 0.389 0.971 0.999 0.987 0.998 0.983 0.999 0.958
Hall)
Pagan-
7.275 15.565 13.309 19.642 14.335 22.341 12.369 20.62 16.368
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.699 0.623 1 1 1 0.999 1 1 1
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 13.616 69.111 114.953 262.207 129.313 273.664 161.258 540.556 236.166
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.001 0 0.003 0.001 0 0 0.003
p(temp) 0.012 0.013 0.02 0.032 0.071 0.017 0
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
gendiv 5.494 1.289 7.677** 4.458 8.259** 1.882 6.602* 7.199 2.848
[76.188] [31.765] [57.698] [79.618] [62.068] [92.041] [67.588] [88.893] [45.547]
gendiv_s
-5.661 -1.31 -7.796** -4.382 -8.421** -2.068 -6.749* -7.386 -2.737
q
[56.724] [23.775] [43.307] [61.622] [46.740] [70.886] [50.631] [68.853] [33.387]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.326** 0.365*** 0.277** 0.221** 0.188 0.055 0.186 0.267** 0.414***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.054] [0.024] [0.049] [0.041] [0.058] [0.060] [0.057] [0.050] [0.021]
Hosftede
individua 0.357** 0.209** 0.166 0.245* 0.205 0.315 0.273 0.189 0.159**
lism
[0.008] [0.004] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.009] [0.009] [0.007] [0.003]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.081 0.231*** 0.174 0.125 0.144 0.132 0.247* 0.146 -0.037
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.592] [0.213] [0.441] [0.410] [0.487] [0.494] [0.525] [0.471] [0.230]
Latitud -0.015 0.210* 0.350* 0.481** 0.313 0.419* 0.308 0.342 0.829***
[1.068] [0.623] [1.073] [0.993] [1.146] [1.145] [1.248] [1.326] [0.571]
continent
-0.033 -0.088 -0.077 0.043
==2
[0.151] [0.448] [0.500] [0.517]
continent
-0.047 -0.101 -0.092 0.129
==3
[0.182] [0.472] [0.557] [0.622]
continent
0.228* 0.153 0.008 -0.001
==4
[0.306] [0.619] [0.742] [0.683]
continent
-0.695* -0.078 -0.091 -0.229
==5
[2.666] [1.709] [1.712] [1.719]
humid1 -0.111 -0.233 -0.04 0.103 -0.128 -0.423 -0.162
[0.018] [0.021] [0.023] [0.025] [0.021] [0.024] [0.011]
humid2 0.175 0.444* 0.129 0.209 0.193 0.461* 0.237*
[0.031] [0.034] [0.038] [0.042] [0.036] [0.039] [0.020]
humid3 0.01 0.111 0.035 -0.026 0.028 0.246 -0.119
[0.020] [0.020] [0.024] [0.022] [0.020] [0.023] [0.012]
humid4 -0.191 -0.399 -0.232 -0.328 -0.183 -0.418 -0.147
[0.024] [0.025] [0.029] [0.029] [0.025] [0.029] [0.013]
temp1 0.221 0.091 0.905 0.926 0.542 -0.087 0.059
[0.133] [0.103] [0.181] [0.150] [0.135] [0.097] [0.044]
temp2 0.364 0.244 0.238 -0.017 0.421 0.239 0.547***
[0.035] [0.034] [0.043] [0.046] [0.041] [0.037] [0.024]
temp3 -0.248 -0.252 -0.416 -0.465 -0.377 -0.179 -0.242**
[0.056] [0.046] [0.077] [0.070] [0.055] [0.046] [0.021]
temp4 -0.32 -0.096 -0.834 -0.703 -0.694 -0.067 0.252
[0.054] [0.043] [0.073] [0.066] [0.056] [0.040] [0.017]
temp5 -0.228 -0.009 -0.311 -0.042 -0.111 0.063 -0.312**
[0.030] [0.036] [0.034] [0.048] [0.036] [0.039] [0.023]
-
goldm 0.371*** 0.083 0.644*** 0.340** 0.224*** 0.023
0.070***
[0.016] [0.016] [0.022] [0.027] [0.016] [0.017] [0.005]

iron 0.045 0.294 0.062 0.41 0.033 0.323 0.018
[0.063] [0.152] [0.078] [0.124] [0.080] [0.182] [0.034]
silv 0.172* 0.041 0.177* -0.054 0.14 0.161 0.032
[0.038] [0.058] [0.040] [0.064] [0.083] [0.073] [0.025]
zinc -0.472** -0.201 -0.616** -0.318 -0.384 -0.307 0.279***
[0.086] [0.103] [0.099] [0.095] [0.105] [0.104] [0.032]
-
oilres -0.084 -0.052 -0.041 0.001 -0.052 -0.056
0.086***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.133 0.191**
mar
[0.300] [0.267]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.210** -0.147
malaria
[0.027] [0.035]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.436***
in
tropical
zones
[0.219]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 14.319 414.163 36.623 38.564 35.162 42.171 49.531 45.859 184.449
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.159 0 0.533 0.774 0.688 0.71 0.144 0.561 0
Pagan)
nr2 14.975 69.334 34.581 39.967 27.517 34.769 42.792 49.225 47.453
nr2p 0.133 0 0.628 0.722 0.933 0.924 0.352 0.424 0.195
-10 -11 -12
Log Log Log
per per per
2000 2000 2000
0.199*** 0.189*** 0.190***

[0.064] [0.071] [0.065]
0.386*** 0.409*** 0.367***
d
[0.044] [0.048] [0.043]
-0.079 -0.14 -0.068
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
-
-0.116* -0.108
0.247***
[0.305] [0.256] [0.310]

0.155 0.189 0.123
[0.847] [0.933] [0.860]
0.292*** 0.253**
[0.300] [0.330]
- -
0.171*** 0.180***
[0.182] [0.186]
0.081 0.08
[0.269] [0.261]
-0.047 -0.054
[0.509] [0.507]
0.387** 0.543*** 0.393***
[0.013] [0.012] [0.012]
-0.098 -0.188* -0.113
[0.021] [0.017] [0.019]
-0.134 -0.344** -0.155
[0.014] [0.014] [0.014]
-0.131 0.069 -0.116
[0.017] [0.013] [0.016]
0.386 0.227 0.392
[0.071] [0.064] [0.069]
-0.416** -0.423** -0.365*
[0.027] [0.030] [0.030]

0.113 0.104 0.091
[0.028] [0.027] [0.026]
0.106 0.26 0.067
[0.026] [0.026] [0.025]
-0.198 -0.16 -0.196
[0.027] [0.021] [0.025]
0.078*** 0.090*** 0.077***
[0.006] [0.007] [0.006]
0.019 -0.004 0.048
[0.033] [0.040] [0.037]
-0.053 -0.057 -0.035
[0.039] [0.050] [0.038]
0.063 0.081 0.026
[0.043] [0.053] [0.048]
0.077*** 0.105*** 0.079***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.01
[0.257]
0.185 0.101
[0.413] [0.466]
0.863 0.827 0.864
71 71 71
0.073 0.213 0.137
0.045 0.094 0.12
23.508 24.641 27.078
0.999 0.973 0.994
21.83 16.695 26.088
1 1 0.996
722.943 145.247 320.856
0 0 0
0 0.001 0
0.015 0.113 0.027
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
2.017 5.732** 3.549

[54.846] [49.214] [57.417]
-1.547 -5.717** -3.209
[42.113] [36.252] [42.429]
0.435*** 0.387*** 0.361***
[0.042] [0.038] [0.036]
0.266** 0.240** 0.187*
[0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
-0.169 0.013 -0.002
[0.426] [0.319] [0.303]

0.737*** 0.598*** 0.696***
[1.075] [0.788] [0.647]
-0.161 0.163
[0.310] [0.387]
-0.127 -0.108
[0.351] [0.306]
0.276 0.262
[0.488] [0.523]
0.08 0.047
[1.025] [0.913]
-0.058 -0.078 -0.188
[0.018] [0.013] [0.013]
0.237 0.258 0.421***
[0.037] [0.023] [0.021]
-0.227 -0.003 0.157
[0.019] [0.013] [0.014]
0.02 -0.228 -0.377**
[0.028] [0.018] [0.016]
0.297 0.215 0.138
[0.094] [0.108] [0.078]
0.595*** 0.07 -0.01
[0.028] [0.030] [0.028]
-0.283 -0.23 -0.192
[0.041] [0.045] [0.036]
0.272 -0.02 0.304
[0.037] [0.043] [0.033]
-0.441** -0.175 -0.186
[0.036] [0.023] [0.029]
-
0.214*** -0.001
0.145***
[0.009] [0.009] [0.011]

0.091 -0.144 0.218
[0.087] [0.051] [0.132]
-0.045 -0.019 -0.038
[0.037] [0.031] [0.039]
0.339** -0.005 0.083
[0.062] [0.057] [0.072]
- -
-0.089**
0.090*** 0.100***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.330**
[0.412]
- -
0.523*** 0.638***
[0.297] [0.416]
71 71 71
77.845 47.139 51.292
0.004 0.204 0.346
50.943 45.634 52.827

0.359 0.249 0.293
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 0.138** 0.056 0.077* 0.015 0.065 0.011 0.054 0.017 0.069*
[0.010] [0.012] [0.007] [0.006] [0.007] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.007]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.571*** 0.547*** 0.609*** 0.543*** 0.614*** 0.546*** 0.580*** 0.550*** 0.618***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
Hosftede
individua 0.028 0.109 -0.03 0.03 -0.015 0.041 -0.017 -0.002 -0.033
lism
[0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.320*** 0.235*** 0.294*** 0.229*** 0.290*** 0.227*** 0.216*** 0.228*** 0.271***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.032] [0.044] [0.030] [0.036] [0.030] [0.036] [0.027] [0.032] [0.032]
Latitud 0.175*** 0.006 0.192* 0.079 0.179* 0.069 0.205** 0.087 0.276**
[0.051] [0.068] [0.080] [0.070] [0.078] [0.065] [0.078] [0.073] [0.089]
continent
0.131* 0.108 0.108 0.117*
==2
[0.024] [0.022] [0.023] [0.023]
continent - - -
-0.171**
==3 0.247*** 0.244*** 0.177***
[0.029] [0.020] [0.020] [0.029]

continent
0.004 -0.097 -0.097 -0.115*
==4
[0.025] [0.022] [0.022] [0.022]
continent - - -
-0.041
==5 0.102*** 0.102*** 0.095***
[0.037] [0.032] [0.031] [0.034]

humid1 0.122 0.122 0.09 0.095 0.143 0.143 0.044
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
humid2 0.128 0.101 0.154 0.122 0.119 0.09 0.184*
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
humid3 -0.029 0.03 -0.022 0.035 -0.018 0.017 0.012
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
humid4 -0.132 -0.188** -0.131 -0.188** -0.119 -0.154* -0.186
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
temp1 0.257 0.431 0.147 0.347 0.321 0.433 0.182
[0.007] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
- - - -
temp2 -0.269** -0.253* -0.237*
0.494*** 0.471*** 0.425*** 0.547***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.002]

temp3 0.104 0.031 0.128 0.049 0.063 0.019 0.161
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
temp4 0.224 0.013 0.287 0.063 0.118 -0.002 0.33
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
- - -
temp5 -0.086 -0.068 -0.054 -0.116
0.254*** 0.239*** 0.229***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

goldm 0.042 0.043** 0.04 0.041* 0.016 0.027 0.046
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
iron -0.075 -0.001 -0.077 -0.003 -0.042 0.008 -0.096*
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
silv -0.025 0.027 -0.01 0.039 -0.003 0.038 -0.006
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]
zinc 0.066 0.019 0.048 0.006 0.016 0.019 0.069
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
oilres 0.062*** 0.031 0.058*** 0.029 0.055*** 0.033* 0.055***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.041 -0.032
mar
[0.019] [0.017]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.100*
0.169***
malaria
[0.002] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.126
in
tropical
zones
[0.033]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.853 0.877 0.876 0.915 0.875 0.914 0.896 0.918 0.877
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.384 0.163 0.373 0.021 0.384 0.216 0.47 0.026 0.214
p(UID) 0.078 0.217 0.03 0.025 0.029 0.024 0.033 0.031 0.086
Pagan-
12.324 22.289 27.795 27.451 27.818 28.932 33.138 30.498 26.533
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.264 0.219 0.888 0.986 0.927 0.987 0.77 0.977 0.95
Hall)
Pagan-
14.813 19.401 21.599 28.82 20.914 29.095 26.092 27.646 21.045
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.139 0.368 0.985 0.978 0.994 0.986 0.956 0.992 0.994
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 15.629 25.041 75.692 236.8 70.217 234.605 82.449 264.903 75.64
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.016 0.005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.006 0 0.004 0 0 0 0.003
p(temp) 0.005 0.001 0.009 0.004 0.017 0.017 0
p(natural 0.006 0.038 0.005 0.031 0.057 0.043 0.004
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
gendiv 8.305*** 10.187** -1.092 3.092 -0.729 2.886 -2.18 4.513 -0.233
[51.771] [65.742] [46.789] [38.856] [53.518] [38.100] [45.321] [48.626] [67.858]
-
gendiv_s -
11.012** 1.151 -2.962 0.774 -2.682 2.258 -4.403 0.266
q 8.800***
*
[38.900] [49.683] [34.938] [27.679] [40.171] [27.071] [33.868] [35.320] [51.468]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.083 0.033 0.265** 0.173** 0.246* 0.171** 0.296** 0.204** 0.249
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.066] [0.065] [0.045] [0.024] [0.049] [0.024] [0.049] [0.031] [0.059]
Hosftede
individua 0.263 0.315 -0.146 -0.09 -0.107 -0.077 -0.179 -0.062 -0.103
lism
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.003] [0.009] [0.003] [0.007] [0.003] [0.009]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
-
n 0.135 0.17 -0.015 -0.312** 0.004 -0.264** -0.048 -0.286*
0.298***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.484] [0.430] [0.383] [0.240] [0.462] [0.248] [0.375] [0.269] [0.544]
Latitud -0.08 -0.379* 0.382 -0.099 0.457 -0.103 0.384 -0.136 0.418
[0.823] [0.937] [1.293] [0.682] [1.611] [0.642] [1.342] [0.760] [1.421]
continent
0.593*** 0.144 0.122 0.099
==2
[0.366] [0.186] [0.185] [0.226]
continent
0.236 -0.111 -0.139* -0.066
==3
[0.465] [0.217] [0.215] [0.325]
continent
-0.002 0.341 0.396* 0.326
==4
[0.726] [0.459] [0.454] [0.520]
continent
-0.006 0.451*** 0.476*** 0.325***
==5
[1.458] [0.693] [0.578] [0.618]
humid1 1.252*** 0.339** 1.337*** 0.304** 1.327*** 0.290* 1.311***
[0.020] [0.008] [0.024] [0.009] [0.021] [0.008] [0.024]
humid2 -0.624** -0.036 -0.666** -0.006 -0.654** 0.034 -0.763**
[0.031] [0.017] [0.034] [0.018] [0.033] [0.019] [0.038]
- - - -
humid3 -0.047 -0.018 -0.023
0.988*** 1.104*** 1.039*** 1.021***
[0.019] [0.008] [0.021] [0.008] [0.020] [0.009] [0.023]

humid4 0.662*** -0.009 0.722*** -0.019 0.689*** -0.047 0.754***
[0.017] [0.010] [0.018] [0.010] [0.017] [0.011] [0.024]
temp1 0.179 -0.329 0.507 -0.423 0.307 -0.132 0.227
[0.074] [0.037] [0.107] [0.054] [0.080] [0.044] [0.099]
temp2 1.108*** 0.194 1.257*** 0.205 1.001*** 0.01 1.370***
[0.041] [0.019] [0.046] [0.019] [0.038] [0.028] [0.055]
temp3 -0.484** 0.02 -0.606** 0.05 -0.504** 0.046 -0.534*
[0.043] [0.018] [0.057] [0.022] [0.043] [0.020] [0.061]
temp4 -0.234 0.242 -0.477 0.298 -0.225 0.218 -0.388
[0.033] [0.014] [0.042] [0.015] [0.032] [0.015] [0.043]
temp5 -0.24 -0.117 -0.365 -0.108 -0.235 -0.192 -0.351
[0.031] [0.016] [0.039] [0.020] [0.032] [0.019] [0.040]
- -
goldm -0.078 -0.004 -0.105** -0.097 -0.009
0.313*** 0.336***
[0.012] [0.008] [0.015] [0.007] [0.012] [0.009] [0.019]

iron 0.218 0.712*** 0.226 0.811*** 0.233 0.674*** 0.229
[0.063] [0.094] [0.074] [0.082] [0.066] [0.096] [0.082]
silv -0.452** 0.048 -0.387** 0.102 -0.402** 0.047 -0.379*
[0.062] [0.032] [0.061] [0.027] [0.060] [0.032] [0.072]
zinc 0.807*** -0.1 0.878*** -0.158 0.750*** -0.07 0.834**
[0.092] [0.059] [0.096] [0.050] [0.089] [0.057] [0.102]
- - -
oilres -0.183** -0.175** -0.185** -0.184**
0.199*** 0.211*** 0.231***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.047 -0.071
mar
[0.251] [0.133]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.063 0.042
malaria
[0.016] [0.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.036
in
tropical
zones
[0.492]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 6.9 14.668 67.225 93.419 57.553 94.729 66.348 85.227 38.076
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.735 0.685 0.002 0 0.036 0 0.006 0.001 0.557
Pagan)
nr2 8.744 23.621 46.283 43.105 47.047 46.928 43.293 43.956 39.354
nr2p 0.557 0.168 0.168 0.594 0.206 0.517 0.333 0.639 0.499
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.032 0.074* 0.033
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
0.546*** 0.612*** 0.552***
d
[0.003] [0.005] [0.003]
0.029 -0.03 0.027
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
- - -
0.230*** 0.295*** 0.235***
[0.037] [0.030] [0.037]

0.099 0.198* 0.099
[0.078] [0.088] [0.081]
0.097 0.117*
[0.022] [0.023]
- -
0.239*** 0.239***
[0.021] [0.021]
-0.106* -0.103
[0.022] [0.023]
- -
0.105*** 0.102***
[0.033] [0.035]
0.104 0.123 0.113
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.111 0.129 0.109
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.034 -0.028 0.038
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.194** -0.133 -0.195**
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
0.423 0.255 0.436
[0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
-
-0.291** -0.301**
0.501***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003]

0.044 0.106 0.041
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
0.039 0.231 0.033
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
- -
-0.086
0.263*** 0.258***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.042* 0.042 0.042*
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.008 -0.078 -0.017
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
0.031 -0.027 0.019
[0.002] [0.004] [0.002]
0.021 0.069 0.036
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
0.034* 0.062*** 0.034*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.028
[0.025]
-0.011 -0.045
[0.035] [0.034]
0.912 0.873 0.912
71 71 71
0.101 0.309 0.093
0.048 0.032 0.036
27.527 27.049 27.799
0.992 0.941 0.991
28.596 21.191 27.964
0.988 0.994 0.991
269.508 67.536 220.623
0 0 0
0 0.01 0
0.001 0.02 0
0.037 0.005 0.07
-10 -11 -12

A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
6.189 -0.771 3.352

[74.269] [43.758] [71.825]
-5.949 0.813 -3.492
[55.243] [32.483] [53.439]

0.228 0.204* 0.219*
[0.050] [0.042] [0.046]
-0.198 -0.236 -0.168
[0.007] [0.006] [0.007]
0.113 -0.224** 0.074
[0.470] [0.315] [0.442]

0.048 0.158 -0.019
[1.249] [1.056] [1.126]
0.417* 0.554*
[0.418] [0.593]
0.008 0.041
[0.490] [0.423]
0.789* 0.397
[0.941] [0.685]
-0.516 -0.493
[2.500] [2.555]
0.480* 1.038*** 0.414
[0.017] [0.016] [0.018]
-0.205 -0.606** -0.211
[0.031] [0.028] [0.031]
-
-0.091 -0.136
0.766***
[0.015] [0.016] [0.017]

0.074 0.595*** 0.117
[0.018] [0.016] [0.019]
0.203 0.002 0.166
[0.090] [0.067] [0.077]
0.347 1.039*** 0.219
[0.034] [0.034] [0.034]
-0.139 -0.427** -0.117
[0.039] [0.038] [0.029]
-0.253 -0.125 -0.155
[0.036] [0.029] [0.029]
0.006 -0.127 0.014
[0.024] [0.032] [0.030]
-
0.005 -0.177
0.332***
[0.019] [0.009] [0.019]

0.752 0.231* 0.665
[0.202] [0.047] [0.228]
-0.076 -0.335** -0.006
[0.068] [0.053] [0.064]
0.175 0.677*** 0.149
[0.106] [0.073] [0.116]
-
-0.109 -0.134
0.150***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.121
[0.521]
0.335** -0.088
[0.328] [0.543]
71 71 71
64.422 61.524 77.321
0.057 0.016 0.005
47.256 38.247 42.457

0.503 0.549 0.699
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 0.337 0.158 0.377*** 0.350*** 0.389*** 0.361*** 0.372*** 0.333*** 0.359***
[0.026] [0.010] [0.007] [0.005] [0.007] [0.004] [0.006] [0.005] [0.007]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.459*** 0.486*** 0.481*** 0.416*** 0.482*** 0.418*** 0.451*** 0.427*** 0.498***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.008] [0.005] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
Hosftede
individua -0.027 0.094 -0.144** -0.036 -0.120** -0.02 -0.126** -0.058 -0.141**
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.317*** 0.226*** 0.306*** 0.235*** 0.296*** 0.231*** 0.225*** 0.233*** 0.276***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.032] [0.040] [0.028] [0.034] [0.028] [0.034] [0.026] [0.031] [0.032]
Latitud 0.035 -0.033 0.07 -0.018 0.043 -0.038 0.085 -0.008 0.180*
[0.067] [0.063] [0.069] [0.054] [0.068] [0.049] [0.064] [0.057] [0.074]
continent
0.099 0.01 0.004 0.023
==2
[0.024] [0.015] [0.014] [0.016]
continent - - - -
==3 0.181*** 0.266*** 0.261*** 0.213***
[0.029] [0.019] [0.019] [0.028]

continent
0.011 -0.118** -0.121** -0.129**
==4
[0.019] [0.019] [0.018] [0.018]
continent - - -
-0.051
==5 0.136*** 0.138*** 0.129***
[0.034] [0.025] [0.023] [0.027]

humid1 0.14 0.145 0.075 0.098 0.151 0.16 0.038
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid2 0.088 0.052 0.134 0.085 0.082 0.046 0.161*
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
humid3 -0.04 -0.005 -0.025 0.002 -0.025 -0.012 0.012
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid4 -0.087 -0.126* -0.088 -0.121* -0.079 -0.103 -0.158
[0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
temp1 0.383 0.614*** 0.213 0.481** 0.460* 0.606*** 0.289
[0.006] [0.004] [0.006] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.006]
- - - - - - -
temp2
0.513*** 0.355*** 0.483*** 0.335*** 0.453*** 0.326*** 0.580***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

temp3 0.144* 0.06 0.186** 0.093 0.103 0.05 0.213***
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.003]
temp4 0.174 -0.04 0.272 0.042 0.06 -0.048 0.307
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
- - -
temp5 -0.138* -0.107 -0.103 -0.172**
0.323*** 0.301*** 0.301***
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

goldm 0.131*** 0.115*** 0.127*** 0.113*** 0.101*** 0.100*** 0.131***
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-
iron -0.104** -0.021 -0.110** -0.025 -0.072 -0.012
0.129***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]

silv 0.012 0.058** 0.038 0.078*** 0.033 0.064** 0.034
[0.003] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
zinc 0.038 -0.04 0.005 -0.065 -0.014 -0.037 0.043
[0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
oilres 0.034*** 0.017 0.031** 0.015 0.031*** 0.018 0.028**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.071** -0.055**
mar
[0.018] [0.012]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.075
0.169***
malaria
[0.001] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.157**
in
tropical
zones
[0.030]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.869 0.888 0.902 0.944 0.904 0.946 0.922 0.946 0.906
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.389 0.299 0.125 0.404 0.325 0.167 0.159 0.384 0.227
p(UID) 0.719 0.004 0.033 0.021 0.051 0.028 0.042 0.025 0.023
Pagan-
13.874 23.94 21.619 23.322 25.246 23.187 19.903 26.284 22.07
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.179 0.157 0.985 0.998 0.967 0.999 0.997 0.995 0.99
Hall)
Pagan-
13.747 17.748 16.983 27.198 21.26 28.388 17.513 26.427 17.926
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.185 0.472 0.999 0.988 0.993 0.989 0.999 0.995 0.999
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 21.523 49.94 348.59 413.859 408.332 364.609 397.63 494.282 289.341
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.01 0 0.006 0 0.001 0 0.003
p(temp) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
gendiv 3.339 2.33 -3.410* -0.153 -3.819** -0.037 -3.903** 0.002 -3.411*
[64.449] [52.410] [52.804] [6.446] [49.966] [3.283] [51.574] [0.233] [52.185]
gendiv_s
-3.354 -2.221 3.396* 0.167 3.798** 0.044 3.897** -0.003 3.388*
q
[47.932] [37.631] [39.375] [4.881] [37.228] [2.432] [38.312] [0.176] [38.935]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.405*** 0.374*** 0.421*** 0.348*** 0.381*** 0.347*** 0.413*** 0.368*** 0.384***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.061] [0.028] [0.041] [0.009] [0.043] [0.004] [0.045] [0.000] [0.039]
Hosftede
individua 0.242*** 0.257*** 0.287*** 0.163*** 0.270*** 0.144*** 0.292*** 0.151*** 0.371***
lism
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.001] [0.006] [0.000] [0.007] [0.000] [0.006]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.074 0 0.021 0.021* -0.011 0.030*** 0.041 0.039*** -0.051
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.516] [0.276] [0.357] [0.065] [0.384] [0.032] [0.398] [0.002] [0.378]
Latitud 0.242** 0.04 0.401*** 0.273*** 0.407*** 0.308*** 0.410*** 0.300*** 0.186
[0.927] [0.612] [0.973] [0.139] [0.955] [0.060] [1.053] [0.004] [1.116]
continent
0.340*** 0.337*** 0.333*** 0.319***
==2
[0.143] [0.054] [0.026] [0.002]
continent
0.001 0.029** 0.030*** 0.100***
==3
[0.169] [0.056] [0.024] [0.003]
continent
0.229* 0.072*** 0.088*** 0.072***
==4
[0.464] [0.062] [0.034] [0.002]
continent - - -
-0.106
==5 0.177*** 0.151*** 0.051***
[1.944] [0.138] [0.065] [0.005]
- -
humid1 0.172 0.251* -0.016 0.192 0.287**
0.063*** 0.054***
[0.013] [0.002] [0.014] [0.001] [0.014] [0.000] [0.014]

humid2 -0.059 0.148*** -0.133 0.112*** -0.058 0.143*** -0.127
[0.022] [0.003] [0.024] [0.002] [0.023] [0.000] [0.022]
humid3 -0.01 0.115*** 0.009 0.112*** -0.004 0.111*** -0.103
[0.013] [0.002] [0.014] [0.001] [0.013] [0.000] [0.013]
- - -
humid4 -0.01 -0.028 -0.019 0.069
0.189*** 0.202*** 0.174***
[0.015] [0.002] [0.016] [0.001] [0.016] [0.000] [0.015]
- - -
temp1 -0.759** -0.511 -0.796* -0.409
0.526*** 0.392*** 0.585***
[0.078] [0.013] [0.083] [0.006] [0.089] [0.001] [0.077]

temp2 0.252 0.289*** 0.182 0.256*** 0.27 0.306*** 0.259
[0.035] [0.004] [0.038] [0.002] [0.036] [0.000] [0.033]
- - -
temp3 -0.099 -0.165 -0.1 -0.243*
0.077*** 0.112*** 0.084***
[0.030] [0.005] [0.033] [0.002] [0.033] [0.000] [0.040]

temp4 0.364 0.154*** 0.232 0.061*** 0.359 0.153*** 0.048
[0.029] [0.005] [0.030] [0.002] [0.032] [0.000] [0.030]
temp5 0.313** 0.181*** 0.266** 0.179*** 0.363** 0.248*** 0.326***
[0.030] [0.007] [0.032] [0.003] [0.034] [0.000] [0.030]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.458*** 0.186*** 0.439*** 0.187*** 0.491*** 0.211*** 0.475***
[0.022] [0.003] [0.019] [0.001] [0.024] [0.000] [0.021]
iron 0.065 0.120*** 0.087 0.087*** 0.08 0.051*** 0.078
[0.052] [0.013] [0.052] [0.006] [0.054] [0.000] [0.058]
- - -
silv -0.08 -0.167* -0.059 -0.186*
0.068*** 0.101*** 0.079***
[0.046] [0.006] [0.048] [0.004] [0.048] [0.000] [0.051]

zinc 0.269** 0.144*** 0.348** 0.186*** 0.243* 0.178*** 0.350***
[0.072] [0.014] [0.075] [0.008] [0.075] [0.000] [0.070]
oilres -0.012 0.026*** 0.007 0.031*** -0.006 0.033*** 0.012
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.102** 0.065***
mar
[0.195] [0.018]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.051
0.080***
malaria
[0.018] [0.000]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.174
in
tropical
zones
[0.418]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 14.808 336.116 46.426 103.811 35.319 67.974 42.194 116.711 34.866
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.139 0 0.164 0 0.681 0.03 0.376 0 0.7
Pagan)
nr2 16.596 69.404 40.079 43.244 41.741 41.549 40.409 43.041 41.501
nr2p 0.084 0 0.378 0.588 0.395 0.733 0.452 0.676 0.405
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.331*** 0.394*** 0.365***
[0.005] [0.007] [0.005]
0.428*** 0.502*** 0.438***
d
[0.003] [0.005] [0.003]
-0.038 -0.141** -0.051
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
- - -
0.231*** 0.310*** 0.243***
[0.035] [0.028] [0.034]

0.023 0.138 0.033
[0.056] [0.073] [0.062]
0.01 0.053
[0.015] [0.021]
- -
0.257*** 0.254***
[0.019] [0.019]
-0.121** -0.117**
[0.018] [0.019]
- -
0.134*** 0.128***
[0.025] [0.029]
0.116 0.136 0.131
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.075 0.108 0.075
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.008 -0.024 0.023
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.145** -0.103 -0.149**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.571*** 0.387 0.607***
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
- - -
0.374*** 0.613*** 0.424***
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]

0.082 0.174** 0.09
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
0.013 0.244 0.019
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
- -
-0.149*
0.332*** 0.330***
[0.001] [0.002] [0.002]

0.113*** 0.135*** 0.120***
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.03 -0.146** -0.062
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004]

0.063** -0.013 0.037
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
-0.032 0.075 0.007
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
0.016 0.029** 0.012
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.051
[0.020]
-0.140* -0.128
[0.030] [0.036]
0.943 0.903 0.945
71 71 71
0.559 0.239 0.523
0.033 0.115 0.051
23.926 26.525 22.602
0.999 0.95 0.999
28.707 20.797 25.761
0.988 0.995 0.996
361.963 282.286 757.339
0 0 0
0 0.004 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
-0.003 -3.332** -0.137

[23.652] [43.662] [6.235]
-0.082 3.309** 0.14
[17.492] [32.218] [4.590]
0.399*** 0.305*** 0.315***
[0.031] [0.040] [0.008]
0.250*** 0.362*** 0.199***
[0.003] [0.006] [0.001]
0.078** -0.032 0.013
[0.220] [0.305] [0.069]

0.211*** 0.108 0.171***
[0.407] [1.005] [0.123]
0.265*** 0.237***
[0.199] [0.053]
0.096* 0.022*
[0.246] [0.051]
0.148* 0.046**
[0.309] [0.061]
0.223*** 0.056***
[0.483] [0.122]
0.023 0.137 -0.024
[0.007] [0.014] [0.002]

0.06 -0.057 0.099***
[0.013] [0.023] [0.003]
0.097 -0.062 0.044**
[0.007] [0.013] [0.002]
- -
0.012
0.179*** 0.128***
[0.008] [0.013] [0.002]
- -
-0.309
0.708*** 0.475***
[0.040] [0.068] [0.012]

0.234*** 0.302 0.385***
[0.015] [0.036] [0.004]
-
-0.115** -0.231**
0.137***
[0.018] [0.033] [0.005]

0.106 -0.032 0.048
[0.016] [0.029] [0.004]
0.463*** 0.236** 0.169***
[0.019] [0.023] [0.006]
- - -
0.262*** 0.442*** 0.208***
[0.009] [0.017] [0.003]
-
0.167* 0.186***
0.203***
[0.049] [0.063] [0.011]
- -
-0.182**
0.222*** 0.030***
[0.021] [0.049] [0.005]

0.352*** 0.310** 0.066***
[0.041] [0.082] [0.010]
0.048*** 0.01 0.034***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.141**
[0.209]
0.285*** 0.202***
[0.345] [0.058]
71 71 71
83.143 59.233 84.594
0.001 0.026 0.001
50.571 45.26 54.114

0.372 0.262 0.252
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 0.047 0.109** 0.200*** 0.139*** 0.195*** 0.141*** 0.171*** 0.130*** 0.182***
[0.008] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.613*** 0.543*** 0.557*** 0.508*** 0.562*** 0.511*** 0.542*** 0.514*** 0.570***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.003] [0.004]
Hosftede
individua 0.024 0.088 -0.024 0.025 -0.005 0.038 -0.014 0.009 -0.027
lism
[0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.342*** 0.240*** 0.312*** 0.245*** 0.304*** 0.243*** 0.248*** 0.242*** 0.290***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.030] [0.036] [0.029] [0.031] [0.030] [0.031] [0.027] [0.029] [0.030]
Latitud 0.107 -0.034 0.046 -0.031 0.034 -0.045 0.079 -0.02 0.133
[0.054] [0.063] [0.082] [0.060] [0.083] [0.057] [0.075] [0.062] [0.088]
continent
0.149** 0.134** 0.133** 0.139**
==2
[0.023] [0.022] [0.022] [0.022]
continent - - - -
==3 0.157*** 0.229*** 0.225*** 0.195***
[0.025] [0.019] [0.019] [0.025]

continent
0.027 -0.095 -0.097 -0.103*
==4
[0.020] [0.021] [0.021] [0.021]
continent
-0.04 -0.098** -0.098** -0.094**
==5
[0.036] [0.038] [0.036] [0.038]
humid1 0.012 0.008 -0.032 -0.027 0.046 0.026 -0.044
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid2 0.168** 0.141* 0.201** 0.165** 0.155** 0.133* 0.213**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
humid3 0.062 0.13 0.072 0.137 0.05 0.116 0.084
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
humid4 -0.13 -0.206** -0.132 -0.205** -0.119 -0.188** -0.175*
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]
temp1 0.541** 0.604** 0.404 0.514** 0.564** 0.595** 0.457*
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
- - - -
temp2 -0.211* -0.194 -0.199
0.427*** 0.404*** 0.393*** 0.482***
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]

temp3 0.015 -0.015 0.047 0.006 -0.007 -0.018 0.07
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]
temp4 -0.111 -0.226 -0.029 -0.175 -0.147 -0.219 0.012
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
- - - -
temp5 -0.165** -0.139* -0.131*
0.289*** 0.273*** 0.273*** 0.185***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

goldm 0.053* 0.045** 0.049* 0.041** 0.032 0.036* 0.056**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-
iron -0.136** -0.047 -0.137** -0.05 -0.102** -0.039
0.148***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]

silv 0.025 0.068* 0.042 0.082** 0.032 0.071* 0.035
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]
zinc 0.071 0.022 0.048 0.006 0.033 0.022 0.075
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
oilres 0.056*** 0.032* 0.053*** 0.031** 0.053*** 0.032* 0.050***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.051* -0.037
mar
[0.015] [0.014]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.051
0.130***
malaria
[0.002] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.109
in
tropical
zones
[0.030]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.865 0.895 0.895 0.934 0.896 0.934 0.907 0.934 0.896
Observat
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
ions
p(OID) 0.318 0.061 0.629 0.093 0.39 0.086 0.453 0.054 0.705
p(UID) 0.098 0.005 0.03 0.088 0.032 0.09 0.059 0.07 0.029
Pagan-
7.747 14.672 27.355 39.53 26.587 40.019 28.688 38.753 30.443
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.654 0.684 0.9 0.738 0.949 0.787 0.909 0.827 0.863
Hall)
Pagan-
6.989 11.256 26.997 29.882 25.713 29.28 31.521 29.307 28.377
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.726 0.883 0.908 0.968 0.961 0.985 0.829 0.985 0.916
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 6.748 28.417 288.285 480.534 414.499 712.983 183.531 1951.705 339.507
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.345 0.002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(temp) 0.026 0.001 0.067 0.001 0.08 0.004 0.003
p(natural 0.001 0.011 0.001 0.007 0.005 0.011 0.001
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
11.693**
gendiv 8.608* 1.076 0.177 1.23 0.33 0.575 1.224 0.541
*
[120.227 [159.714
[82.789] [43.618] [79.986] [48.415] [79.741] [86.906] [87.803]
] ]
-
gendiv_s
11.710** -8.690* -1.057 -0.129 -1.247 -0.372 -0.515 -1.093 -0.544
q
*
[116.001
[90.570] [60.698] [32.192] [58.639] [34.956] [58.529] [63.644] [65.355]
]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.155 0.087 0.332*** 0.253*** 0.317*** 0.229*** 0.325*** 0.291*** 0.358***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.127] [0.083] [0.058] [0.027] [0.061] [0.029] [0.063] [0.047] [0.058]
Hosftede
individua 0.325* 0.413*** -0.079 -0.026 -0.132 0.023 -0.134 -0.111 -0.068
lism
[0.014] [0.009] [0.007] [0.004] [0.009] [0.004] [0.010] [0.006] [0.007]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.062 -0.033 -0.002 0.133** -0.002 0.130** 0.141 0.216** -0.005
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.823] [0.821] [0.455] [0.345] [0.453] [0.355] [0.730] [0.666] [0.619]
Latitud 0.068 -0.059 1.032*** 0.772*** 1.110*** 0.722*** 1.045*** 0.842*** 0.997***
[1.846] [1.413] [1.730] [0.733] [1.851] [0.597] [1.782] [1.411] [1.733]
continent -
-0.003 -0.105** -0.1
==2 0.130***
[0.589] [0.192] [0.201] [0.386]
continent - -
-0.147 0.004
==3 0.230*** 0.197***
[0.769] [0.182] [0.216] [0.330]

continent
-0.134 -0.002 -0.052 0.088
==4
[1.498] [0.297] [0.363] [0.652]
continent
-0.134 0.232*** 0.226*** 0.526***
==5
[3.307] [0.538] [0.486] [1.848]
humid1 1.164*** 0.848*** 1.287*** 0.830*** 1.335*** 1.024*** 1.082***
[0.024] [0.008] [0.026] [0.010] [0.028] [0.019] [0.032]
- - - - - -
humid2 -0.523**
0.496*** 0.376*** 0.599*** 0.376*** 0.568*** 0.461***
[0.039] [0.017] [0.044] [0.018] [0.039] [0.032] [0.051]

- - - - - - -
humid3
0.903*** 0.544*** 0.951*** 0.547*** 1.024*** 0.739*** 0.852***
[0.027] [0.009] [0.029] [0.009] [0.031] [0.018] [0.028]

humid4 0.24 0.109* 0.241 0.117** 0.359** 0.324*** 0.281*
[0.028] [0.010] [0.030] [0.010] [0.030] [0.018] [0.029]
- - -
temp1 -0.905* -0.604 -0.622 -0.956*
1.612*** 1.719*** 1.371***
[0.125] [0.038] [0.126] [0.049] [0.127] [0.072] [0.135]

temp2 0.342 -0.069 0.333 -0.125 0.035 -0.178 0.091
[0.069] [0.020] [0.073] [0.027] [0.063] [0.045] [0.076]
temp3 0.136 0.393*** 0.059 0.414*** 0.088 0.331** 0.277
[0.049] [0.024] [0.051] [0.025] [0.053] [0.053] [0.080]
temp4 1.074** 1.682*** 0.854* 1.767*** 1.149** 1.667*** 1.309***
[0.055] [0.018] [0.056] [0.022] [0.057] [0.034] [0.057]
temp5 0.253 0.375*** 0.222 0.416*** 0.258 0.436*** 0.193
[0.049] [0.018] [0.050] [0.025] [0.052] [0.029] [0.051]
goldm 0.067 0.063*** 0.088** 0.068*** 0.008 0.041 0.058
[0.014] [0.006] [0.015] [0.006] [0.013] [0.015] [0.014]
iron 0.237** 0.033 0.268** 0.018 0.422*** -0.102 0.113
[0.094] [0.072] [0.084] [0.060] [0.115] [0.165] [0.098]
- - -
silv -0.218** -0.257** -0.169 -0.195*
0.256*** 0.254*** 0.279***
[0.068] [0.024] [0.066] [0.026] [0.094] [0.048] [0.067]

zinc 0.289* 0.1 0.302** 0.091 0.109 0.163 0.359**
[0.098] [0.055] [0.090] [0.054] [0.116] [0.079] [0.093]
-
oilres -0.133** -0.102 -0.067** -0.109 -0.071** -0.191**
0.061***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.092** -0.013
mar
[0.268] [0.177]
EcologÃ
- -
a de la
0.251*** 0.356***
malaria
[0.042] [0.020]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.16
in
tropical
zones
[0.796]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 19.206 174.203 41.851 96.347 51.413 78.789 34.579 83.511 37.252
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.038 0 0.307 0 0.107 0.003 0.712 0.001 0.595
Pagan)
nr2 21.831 64.147 46.263 37.119 52.359 39.663 41.147 46.089 50.3
nr2p 0.016 0 0.168 0.822 0.091 0.799 0.42 0.551 0.127
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.140*** 0.194*** 0.139***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.506*** 0.553*** 0.515***
d
[0.003] [0.005] [0.004]
0.026 -0.026 0.022
[0.000] [0.001] [0.000]
- - -
0.246*** 0.311*** 0.248***
[0.031] [0.029] [0.031]

-0.038 0.035 -0.015
[0.069] [0.085] [0.065]
0.136** 0.148**
[0.023] [0.025]
- -
0.230*** 0.226***
[0.019] [0.019]
-0.095 -0.095
[0.021] [0.021]
-0.098** -0.095**
[0.038] [0.039]
0.011 0.017 0.002
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.137* 0.162** 0.148*
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.129 0.056 0.139
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.204** -0.126 -0.214**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.611** 0.530** 0.599**
[0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
-0.206 -0.406** -0.228*
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]

-0.019 0.012 -0.006
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
-0.237 -0.115 -0.209
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
- -
-0.160**
0.287*** 0.290***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.044** 0.053* 0.045**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.046 -0.124** -0.059
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004]

0.068* 0.03 0.062
[0.002] [0.004] [0.002]
0.021 0.062 0.036
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
0.032* 0.056*** 0.031*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.009
[0.023]
0.031 -0.037
[0.029] [0.028]
0.932 0.893 0.933
70 70 70
0.223 0.419 0.063
0.089 0.052 0.143
40.343 30.345 37.415
0.776 0.865 0.865
30.372 28.7 28.589
0.978 0.908 0.988
437.148 179.166 402.443
0 0 0
0 0.001 0
0.001 0.072 0.001
0.019 0.001 0.013
-10 -11 -12
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
0.037 -0.682 0.487
[63.029] [77.478] [88.535]
0.035 0.667 -0.172

[45.941] [57.113] [63.363]
0.263*** 0.369*** 0.303***
[0.037] [0.059] [0.053]
-0.036 -0.039 -0.022
[0.005] [0.008] [0.007]
0.171*** -0.014 0.242**
[0.410] [0.466] [0.837]

0.913*** 1.075*** 0.858***
[1.123] [1.599] [1.101]
-0.140** -0.166
[0.224] [0.607]
- -
0.215*** 0.312***
[0.250] [0.458]
0.062 0.346
[0.451] [1.028]
0.209*** 0.296**
[0.635] [1.276]
0.843*** 1.150*** 0.924***
[0.014] [0.026] [0.020]
- - -
0.368*** 0.473*** 0.415***
[0.025] [0.041] [0.037]

- - -
0.544*** 0.782*** 0.544***
[0.013] [0.029] [0.023]

0.057 0.162 0.105
[0.014] [0.030] [0.027]
- -
-0.716
1.603*** 1.263***
[0.063] [0.137] [0.092]

-0.156 0.028 -0.197
[0.024] [0.062] [0.056]
0.405*** 0.145 0.334**
[0.040] [0.058] [0.050]
1.722*** 1.093** 1.450***
[0.026] [0.053] [0.039]
0.415*** 0.305* 0.415***
[0.030] [0.048] [0.038]
0.075** 0.052 0.087
[0.010] [0.012] [0.019]
-0.057 0.145 -0.181
[0.100] [0.083] [0.194]
- -
-0.221**
0.271*** 0.328***
[0.031] [0.061] [0.045]

0.143 0.340** 0.225
[0.079] [0.095] [0.121]
-0.073** -0.184** -0.117**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

0.107
[0.356]
-0.197** -0.024
[0.378] [0.671]
70 70 70
78.706 46.485 72.098
0.003 0.223 0.014
36.049 50 41.471
0.898 0.134 0.736
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 0.179 0.333*** 0.286*** 0.203*** 0.280*** 0.206*** 0.256*** 0.191*** 0.283***
[0.013] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.531*** 0.415*** 0.496*** 0.469*** 0.502*** 0.473*** 0.484*** 0.479*** 0.508***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
Hosftede
individua 0.021 0.072 -0.066 -0.001 -0.045 0.012 -0.051 -0.023 -0.068
lism
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.341*** 0.284*** 0.339*** 0.284*** 0.330*** 0.281*** 0.273*** 0.279*** 0.303***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.027] [0.039] [0.027] [0.035] [0.028] [0.035] [0.027] [0.032] [0.029]
Latitud 0.079 -0.034 0.091 0.021 0.077 0.008 0.112 0.031 0.215*
[0.046] [0.048] [0.085] [0.063] [0.086] [0.062] [0.078] [0.064] [0.088]
continent
0.039 0.06 0.058 0.072
==2
[0.018] [0.016] [0.016] [0.017]
continent - -
-0.139** -0.166**
==3 0.215*** 0.210***
[0.026] [0.020] [0.020] [0.028]

continent
-0.018 -0.118* -0.120** -0.129**
==4
[0.017] [0.022] [0.022] [0.021]
continent - - -
-0.043
==5 0.105*** 0.106*** 0.099***
[0.035] [0.027] [0.026] [0.028]

humid1 0.186 0.178 0.139 0.145 0.192 0.19 0.066
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid2 0.014 0.01 0.05 0.034 0.02 0.007 0.099
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
humid3 -0.116 -0.058 -0.104 -0.053 -0.098 -0.062 -0.054
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
humid4 -0.032 -0.09 -0.035 -0.087 -0.034 -0.071 -0.114
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
temp1 0.242 0.425* 0.113 0.326 0.299 0.425* 0.141
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.005]
-
temp2 -0.329** -0.19 -0.309** -0.173 -0.298** -0.17
0.412***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002]

temp3 0.076 0.015 0.106 0.038 0.047 0.007 0.159*
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]
temp4 0.116 -0.038 0.192 0.021 0.042 -0.046 0.268
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
- - -
temp5 -0.092 -0.069 -0.066 -0.135*
0.260*** 0.243*** 0.241***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

goldm 0.055* 0.049** 0.051* 0.045** 0.033 0.036 0.060**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
iron -0.054 0.003 -0.058 0.001 -0.032 0.01 -0.086*
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
silv -0.049 0.005 -0.03 0.018 -0.03 0.014 -0.022
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]
zinc 0.092 0.044 0.069 0.028 0.05 0.042 0.096
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
oilres 0.040** 0.027 0.038*** 0.025* 0.039** 0.028* 0.032**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.052** -0.039*
mar
[0.013] [0.011]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.074
0.129***
malaria
[0.002] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.184***
in
tropical
zones
[0.027]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.895 0.915 0.91 0.937 0.911 0.938 0.922 0.939 0.917
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.835 0.43 0.681 0.532 0.742 0.578 0.688 0.315 0.093
p(UID) 0.253 0.003 0.157 0.045 0.162 0.07 0.128 0.056 0.115
Pagan-
9.064 14.267 29.722 36.829 31.103 36.464 31.74 40.551 33.736
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.526 0.712 0.829 0.831 0.842 0.888 0.821 0.769 0.747
Hall)
Pagan-
7.29 14.848 27.186 39.831 29.13 41.072 31.61 38.095 29.597
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.698 0.672 0.904 0.727 0.898 0.75 0.826 0.846 0.886
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 4.491 60.442 148.865 249.51 139.522 246.563 168.919 368.737 551.931
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.009 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002
p(temp) 0.092 0 0.106 0 0.126 0.004 0.002
p(natural 0.07 0.035 0.064 0.034 0.182 0.038 0.034
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
gendiv 5.702** 2.186 0.621 1.649 1.473 1.753 2.436 2.164 -0.397
[100.587 [103.412
[85.286] [77.346] [47.223] [55.804] [85.986] [60.877] [96.652]
] ]
gendiv_s
-5.810** -2.446 -0.606 -1.739 -1.484 -1.841 -2.388 -2.305 0.445
q
[63.541] [56.372] [74.800] [35.661] [77.022] [42.243] [63.905] [46.176] [72.222]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.357*** 0.435*** 0.461*** 0.464*** 0.461*** 0.464*** 0.420*** 0.497*** 0.486***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.075] [0.045] [0.052] [0.028] [0.060] [0.031] [0.051] [0.037] [0.045]
Hosftede
individua 0.162 0.075 0.290* 0.231*** 0.269 0.204*** 0.396** 0.244*** 0.236*
lism
[0.011] [0.006] [0.012] [0.003] [0.015] [0.004] [0.011] [0.005] [0.009]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.034 0.155*** 0.042 0.360*** 0.032 0.364*** 0.135 0.374*** 0.023
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.577] [0.335] [0.672] [0.248] [0.751] [0.272] [0.655] [0.338] [0.557]
Latitud 0.288* 0.189* 0.204 0.323*** 0.209 0.348*** 0.101 0.343*** 0.066
[1.458] [0.840] [2.186] [0.436] [2.368] [0.480] [1.961] [0.633] [2.065]
continent
0.340*** 0.114** 0.109** 0.061
==2
[0.294] [0.153] [0.182] [0.233]
continent
0.021 -0.116** -0.118** -0.006
==3
[0.466] [0.209] [0.230] [0.324]

continent
-0.024 0.228** 0.231** 0.197
==4
[0.693] [0.321] [0.352] [0.498]
continent
-0.1 0.238*** 0.255*** 0.360***
==5
[2.359] [0.468] [0.526] [0.793]
humid1 -0.13 -0.279** -0.026 -0.239* -0.366 -0.248 0.101
[0.026] [0.013] [0.026] [0.014] [0.027] [0.020] [0.026]
humid2 0.392** 0.433*** 0.305* 0.397*** 0.573*** 0.394*** 0.269
[0.037] [0.022] [0.038] [0.021] [0.041] [0.031] [0.037]
humid3 0.323 0.414*** 0.261 0.401*** 0.554** 0.409** 0.236
[0.027] [0.013] [0.029] [0.015] [0.029] [0.020] [0.026]
- - -
humid4 -0.394** -0.363** -0.535** -0.278
0.554*** 0.548*** 0.562***
[0.028] [0.015] [0.028] [0.017] [0.034] [0.022] [0.028]

temp1 0.051 -0.446** 0.303 -0.365 -0.053 -0.503* 0.21
[0.107] [0.044] [0.141] [0.066] [0.097] [0.063] [0.098]
- - -
temp2 -0.397 -0.482 -0.202 -0.287
0.560*** 0.575*** 0.569***
[0.062] [0.020] [0.070] [0.024] [0.063] [0.030] [0.050]

temp3 -0.023 0.149** -0.054 0.135** 0.007 0.136* -0.183
[0.055] [0.020] [0.062] [0.021] [0.049] [0.028] [0.049]
temp4 0.235 0.499*** 0.129 0.456** 0.07 0.490** 0.022
[0.045] [0.018] [0.052] [0.022] [0.042] [0.025] [0.040]
temp5 0.155 0.348*** 0.086 0.325*** 0.173 0.440*** 0.262
[0.040] [0.023] [0.041] [0.030] [0.040] [0.028] [0.045]
goldm -0.207 0.022 -0.203 0.034 -0.235* -0.002 -0.201*
[0.044] [0.010] [0.043] [0.011] [0.036] [0.015] [0.030]
- - -
iron -0.198 -0.209 -0.167 -0.13
0.493*** 0.522*** 0.583***
[0.115] [0.046] [0.118] [0.051] [0.087] [0.071] [0.103]

silv 0.141 -0.039 0.091 -0.059* 0.195 -0.075* 0.112
[0.072] [0.017] [0.073] [0.019] [0.071] [0.023] [0.061]
zinc 0.106 0.109* 0.16 0.140* -0.027 0.180* 0.15
[0.112] [0.037] [0.126] [0.046] [0.080] [0.055] [0.103]
oilres 0.096 0.061*** 0.098 0.058*** 0.143* 0.076*** 0.095*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.089 0.025
mar
[0.402] [0.218]
EcologÃ
- -
a de la
0.211*** 0.127***
malaria
[0.033] [0.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.329**
in
tropical
zones
[0.545]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 34.677 263.024 76.286 73.673 67.34 68.875 71.232 74.739 58.467
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0 0 0 0.006 0.004 0.026 0.002 0.008 0.03
Pagan)
nr2 28.21 68.627 49.303 53.058 44.373 53.414 50.469 50.629 35.069
nr2p 0.002 0 0.104 0.221 0.292 0.274 0.124 0.37 0.692
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.227*** 0.296*** 0.215***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.473*** 0.508*** 0.486***
d
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003]
-0.013 -0.062 -0.011
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
- - -
0.284*** 0.342*** 0.293***
[0.036] [0.028] [0.036]

0.083 0.131 0.06
[0.067] [0.091] [0.071]
0.043 0.093
[0.016] [0.020]
- -
0.196*** 0.204***
[0.019] [0.021]
-0.130** -0.118*
[0.021] [0.022]
- -
0.105*** 0.098***
[0.028] [0.030]
0.13 0.186 0.169
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.039 0.023 0.024
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
-0.048 -0.109 -0.041
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.109 -0.039 -0.104
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.362 0.241 0.413*
[0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
-0.229 -0.383** -0.236*
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003]

0.059 0.092 0.036
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
0.051 0.155 0.005
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
- -
-0.098
0.285*** 0.263***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.052** 0.056* 0.050**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.016 -0.078 -0.027
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003]
0.015 -0.066 -0.013
[0.002] [0.004] [0.003]
0.055 0.116 0.082
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
0.023* 0.038** 0.023*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.097*
[0.022]
-0.084 -0.097
[0.032] [0.033]
0.938 0.91 0.937
71 71 71
0.115 0.478 0.409
0.142 0.106 0.096
34.466 28.517 34.983
0.929 0.912 0.92
38.515 27.72 37.094
0.834 0.929 0.873
1171.352 309.598 433.311
0 0 0
0.003 0.013 0
0 0.099 0
0.025 0.045 0.017
-10 -11 -12

A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
0.841 -0.108 0.887
[44.342] [91.028] [34.359]
-0.897 0.156 -0.895

[32.913] [67.668] [25.957]
0.410*** 0.445*** 0.361***
[0.033] [0.049] [0.019]
0.198*** 0.235 0.184***
[0.003] [0.010] [0.002]
0.341*** 0.065 0.344***
[0.208] [0.565] [0.169]

0.179* 0.218 0.240***
[0.743] [2.028] [0.354]
0.197*** 0.078
[0.208] [0.195]
- -
0.174*** 0.173***
[0.213] [0.150]
0.251*** 0.223***
[0.340] [0.249]
0.186*** 0.137***
[0.567] [0.373]
-0.02 0.032 -0.179**
[0.014] [0.028] [0.008]
0.238** 0.261 0.346***
[0.022] [0.043] [0.013]
0.286** 0.058 0.325***
[0.015] [0.029] [0.008]
- -
-0.164
0.410*** 0.435***
[0.016] [0.031] [0.009]

-0.053 -0.269 -0.174
[0.054] [0.097] [0.029]
- -
-0.031
0.396*** 0.348***
[0.023] [0.060] [0.014]

-0.04 -0.05 0.056
[0.026] [0.055] [0.014]
0.154 0.321 0.286**
[0.023] [0.038] [0.012]
0.334*** 0.203 0.193***
[0.025] [0.042] [0.016]
0 -0.148 0.022
[0.018] [0.039] [0.007]
- -
-0.149
0.332*** 0.218***
[0.065] [0.099] [0.038]

-0.062** 0.187 0.074***
[0.017] [0.068] [0.013]
0.071 0.066 -0.089*
[0.039] [0.102] [0.026]
0.048*** 0.07 0.038***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-
0.294***
[0.292]
0.249 0.265***
[0.707] [0.230]
71 71 71
45.932 61.52 74.947
0.558 0.016 0.008
38.82 38.106 47.72

0.825 0.556 0.484
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 0.133 0.148*** 0.137*** 0.139*** 0.138*** 0.133*** 0.089* 0.132*** 0.147***
[0.018] [0.008] [0.007] [0.005] [0.007] [0.005] [0.007] [0.005] [0.007]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.565*** 0.506*** 0.578*** 0.510*** 0.582*** 0.517*** 0.563*** 0.517*** 0.580***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.006] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005]
Hosftede
individua -0.007 0.065 -0.075 -0.014 -0.049 0.006 -0.048 -0.035 -0.078
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.334*** 0.239*** 0.300*** 0.239*** 0.290*** 0.235*** 0.227*** 0.237*** 0.285***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.031] [0.040] [0.027] [0.033] [0.028] [0.033] [0.025] [0.030] [0.028]
Latitud 0.144** -0.014 0.136 0.01 0.114 -0.003 0.169* 0.019 0.184
[0.052] [0.062] [0.082] [0.065] [0.082] [0.060] [0.079] [0.068] [0.094]
continent
0.159** 0.115 0.112 0.122*
==2
[0.024] [0.024] [0.023] [0.024]
continent - - - -
==3 0.175*** 0.237*** 0.232*** 0.190***
[0.026] [0.018] [0.018] [0.027]

continent
0.002 -0.111* -0.113* -0.122**
==4
[0.020] [0.022] [0.021] [0.022]
continent - - -
-0.044
==5 0.120*** 0.120*** 0.113***
[0.039] [0.039] [0.037] [0.040]

humid1 0.162 0.136 0.1 0.09 0.17 0.151 0.112
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid2 0.107 0.081 0.152* 0.116 0.105 0.075 0.141
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
humid3 -0.042 0.026 -0.027 0.035 -0.029 0.018 -0.016
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
humid4 -0.099 -0.159* -0.101 -0.159* -0.098 -0.138 -0.132
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
temp1 0.205 0.425* 0.036 0.289 0.28 0.425* 0.162
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
- - - - -
temp2 -0.294** -0.292**
0.521*** 0.318*** 0.491*** 0.445*** 0.560***
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]

temp3 0.150* 0.077 0.189** 0.106 0.095 0.067 0.187**
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]
temp4 0.25 0.018 0.346 0.099 0.145 0.007 0.313
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003]
- - -
temp5 -0.091 -0.06 -0.06 -0.109
0.270*** 0.246*** 0.251***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

goldm 0.054** 0.046** 0.048* 0.041** 0.026 0.034* 0.056**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
iron -0.073 0.005 -0.077 0.001 -0.041 0.011 -0.086*
[0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
silv -0.015 0.04 0.009 0.058 0.002 0.047 -0.003
[0.004] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.004]
zinc 0.053 0 0.023 -0.021 0.012 0.002 0.053
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
oilres 0.056*** 0.037** 0.054*** 0.034*** 0.050*** 0.037** 0.054***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.068** -0.054*
mar
[0.015] [0.014]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.07
0.158***
malaria
[0.001] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.077
in
tropical
zones
[0.031]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.862 0.888 0.889 0.93 0.891 0.932 0.904 0.931 0.888
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
p(OID) 0.164 0.05 0.291 0.193 0.139 0.16 0.321 0.213 0.131
p(UID) 0.342 0.004 0.164 0.22 0.255 0.323 0.193 0.152 0.021
Pagan-
6.598 18.131 24.718 33.585 27.686 34.532 28.045 34.477 26.536
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.763 0.447 0.953 0.913 0.93 0.928 0.923 0.929 0.95
Hall)
Pagan-
5.85 14.249 17.271 33.238 18.421 32.381 22.286 31.782 18.658
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.828 0.713 0.998 0.92 0.999 0.959 0.989 0.966 0.998
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 15.025 44.79 132.322 319.896 168.249 244.401 145.51 357.052 374.932
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(temp) 0.005 0 0.006 0 0.021 0.002 0
p(natural 0.001 0.01 0.004 0.003 0.009 0.015 0.002
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
gendiv 5.494 1.289 7.677** 4.458 8.259** 1.882 6.602* 7.199 2.848
[76.188] [31.765] [57.698] [79.618] [62.068] [92.041] [67.588] [88.893] [45.547]
gendiv_s
-5.661 -1.31 -7.796** -4.382 -8.421** -2.068 -6.749* -7.386 -2.737
q
[56.724] [23.775] [43.307] [61.622] [46.740] [70.886] [50.631] [68.853] [33.387]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.326** 0.365*** 0.277** 0.221** 0.188 0.055 0.186 0.267** 0.414***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.054] [0.024] [0.049] [0.041] [0.058] [0.060] [0.057] [0.050] [0.021]
Hosftede
individua 0.357** 0.209** 0.166 0.245* 0.205 0.315 0.273 0.189 0.159**
lism
[0.008] [0.004] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.009] [0.009] [0.007] [0.003]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.081 0.231*** 0.174 0.125 0.144 0.132 0.247* 0.146 -0.037
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.592] [0.213] [0.441] [0.410] [0.487] [0.494] [0.525] [0.471] [0.230]
Latitud -0.015 0.210* 0.350* 0.481** 0.313 0.419* 0.308 0.342 0.829***
[1.068] [0.623] [1.073] [0.993] [1.146] [1.145] [1.248] [1.326] [0.571]
continent
-0.033 -0.088 -0.077 0.043
==2
[0.151] [0.448] [0.500] [0.517]
continent
-0.047 -0.101 -0.092 0.129
==3
[0.182] [0.472] [0.557] [0.622]
continent
0.228* 0.153 0.008 -0.001
==4
[0.306] [0.619] [0.742] [0.683]
continent
-0.695* -0.078 -0.091 -0.229
==5
[2.666] [1.709] [1.712] [1.719]
humid1 -0.111 -0.233 -0.04 0.103 -0.128 -0.423 -0.162
[0.018] [0.021] [0.023] [0.025] [0.021] [0.024] [0.011]
humid2 0.175 0.444* 0.129 0.209 0.193 0.461* 0.237*
[0.031] [0.034] [0.038] [0.042] [0.036] [0.039] [0.020]
humid3 0.01 0.111 0.035 -0.026 0.028 0.246 -0.119
[0.020] [0.020] [0.024] [0.022] [0.020] [0.023] [0.012]
humid4 -0.191 -0.399 -0.232 -0.328 -0.183 -0.418 -0.147
[0.024] [0.025] [0.029] [0.029] [0.025] [0.029] [0.013]
temp1 0.221 0.091 0.905 0.926 0.542 -0.087 0.059
[0.133] [0.103] [0.181] [0.150] [0.135] [0.097] [0.044]
temp2 0.364 0.244 0.238 -0.017 0.421 0.239 0.547***
[0.035] [0.034] [0.043] [0.046] [0.041] [0.037] [0.024]
temp3 -0.248 -0.252 -0.416 -0.465 -0.377 -0.179 -0.242**
[0.056] [0.046] [0.077] [0.070] [0.055] [0.046] [0.021]
temp4 -0.32 -0.096 -0.834 -0.703 -0.694 -0.067 0.252
[0.054] [0.043] [0.073] [0.066] [0.056] [0.040] [0.017]
temp5 -0.228 -0.009 -0.311 -0.042 -0.111 0.063 -0.312**
[0.030] [0.036] [0.034] [0.048] [0.036] [0.039] [0.023]
-
goldm 0.371*** 0.083 0.644*** 0.340** 0.224*** 0.023
0.070***
[0.016] [0.016] [0.022] [0.027] [0.016] [0.017] [0.005]

iron 0.045 0.294 0.062 0.41 0.033 0.323 0.018
[0.063] [0.152] [0.078] [0.124] [0.080] [0.182] [0.034]
silv 0.172* 0.041 0.177* -0.054 0.14 0.161 0.032
[0.038] [0.058] [0.040] [0.064] [0.083] [0.073] [0.025]
zinc -0.472** -0.201 -0.616** -0.318 -0.384 -0.307 0.279***
[0.086] [0.103] [0.099] [0.095] [0.105] [0.104] [0.032]
-
oilres -0.084 -0.052 -0.041 0.001 -0.052 -0.056
0.086***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.133 0.191**
mar
[0.300] [0.267]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.210** -0.147
malaria
[0.027] [0.035]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.436***
in
tropical
zones
[0.219]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 14.319 414.163 36.623 38.564 35.162 42.171 49.531 45.859 184.449
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.159 0 0.533 0.774 0.688 0.71 0.144 0.561 0
Pagan)
nr2 14.975 69.334 34.581 39.967 27.517 34.769 42.792 49.225 47.453
nr2p 0.133 0 0.628 0.722 0.933 0.924 0.352 0.424 0.195
-10 -11 -12
HDI00 HDI00 HDI00
0.154*** 0.137*** 0.142***
[0.005] [0.007] [0.005]
0.501*** 0.572*** 0.510***
d
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
-0.015 -0.076 -0.015
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
- - -
0.243*** 0.300*** 0.240***
[0.032] [0.027] [0.034]

-0.026 0.12 0.011
[0.068] [0.090] [0.075]
0.12 0.117
[0.024] [0.026]
- -
0.242*** 0.236***
[0.018] [0.019]
-0.110* -0.112*
[0.022] [0.022]
- -
0.122*** 0.120***
[0.040] [0.041]
0.161 0.162 0.136
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.062 0.102 0.082
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.017 -0.046 0.027
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.143* -0.095 -0.160*
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.453* 0.206 0.424*
[0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
- -
-0.304**
0.500*** 0.322***
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]

0.063 0.143* 0.079
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
-0.023 0.234 0.02
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
- -
-0.089
0.262*** 0.271***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.044** 0.054** 0.046**
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.014 -0.064 0.003
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
0.036 -0.009 0.04
[0.002] [0.004] [0.002]
-0.005 0.045 0.002
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
0.039** 0.057*** 0.037**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.042
[0.022]
0.031 -0.005
[0.038] [0.037]
0.929 0.887 0.929
71 71 71
0.171 0.172 0.327
0.045 0.094 0.12
37.01 31.438 31.917
0.875 0.831 0.964
37.019 21.334 31.413
0.875 0.993 0.969
572.165 203.489 340.507
0 0 0
0 0 0
0.001 0.015 0
0.008 0.001 0.018
-10 -11 -12

A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
2.017 5.732** 3.549
[54.846] [49.214] [57.417]
-1.547 -5.717** -3.209
[42.113] [36.252] [42.429]
0.435*** 0.387*** 0.361***
[0.042] [0.038] [0.036]
0.266** 0.240** 0.187*
[0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
-0.169 0.013 -0.002
[0.426] [0.319] [0.303]

0.737*** 0.598*** 0.696***
[1.075] [0.788] [0.647]
-0.161 0.163
[0.310] [0.387]
-0.127 -0.108
[0.351] [0.306]
0.276 0.262
[0.488] [0.523]
0.08 0.047
[1.025] [0.913]
-0.058 -0.078 -0.188
[0.018] [0.013] [0.013]
0.237 0.258 0.421***
[0.037] [0.023] [0.021]
-0.227 -0.003 0.157
[0.019] [0.013] [0.014]
0.02 -0.228 -0.377**
[0.028] [0.018] [0.016]
0.297 0.215 0.138
[0.094] [0.108] [0.078]
0.595*** 0.07 -0.01
[0.028] [0.030] [0.028]
-0.283 -0.23 -0.192
[0.041] [0.045] [0.036]
0.272 -0.02 0.304
[0.037] [0.043] [0.033]
-0.441** -0.175 -0.186
[0.036] [0.023] [0.029]
-
0.214*** -0.001
0.145***
[0.009] [0.009] [0.011]

0.091 -0.144 0.218
[0.087] [0.051] [0.132]
-0.045 -0.019 -0.038
[0.037] [0.031] [0.039]
0.339** -0.005 0.083
[0.062] [0.057] [0.072]
- -
-0.089**
0.090*** 0.100***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.330**
[0.412]
- -
0.523*** 0.638***
[0.297] [0.416]
71 71 71
77.845 47.139 51.292
0.004 0.204 0.346
50.943 45.634 52.827

0.359 0.249 0.293
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 0.176** 0.192** 0.064 0.064 0.059 0.06 0.065 0.059 0.058
[0.026] [0.025] [0.020] [0.020] [0.022] [0.020] [0.019] [0.019] [0.019]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.285*** 0.268** 0.317*** 0.306*** 0.334*** 0.326*** 0.329*** 0.317*** 0.334***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011]
Hosftede
individua 0.398*** 0.354*** 0.450*** 0.489*** 0.481*** 0.517*** 0.444*** 0.520*** 0.455***
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.072 0.064 0.146* 0.257** 0.162** 0.270*** 0.127 0.260** 0.181**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.073] [0.077] [0.082] [0.111] [0.079] [0.113] [0.086] [0.109] [0.091]
Latitud 0.273** 0.336** 0.413** 0.467** 0.384** 0.438*** 0.409** 0.447** 0.532**
[0.159] [0.193] [0.269] [0.250] [0.247] [0.223] [0.268] [0.253] [0.315]
continent
-0.014 0.123 0.122 0.122
==2
[0.054] [0.075] [0.077] [0.073]
continent
0.033 0.049 0.059 -0.031
==3
[0.049] [0.047] [0.047] [0.073]
continent
0.002 0.252** 0.253** 0.270**
==4
[0.046] [0.073] [0.071] [0.071]
continent
0.065 0.102 0.1 0.095
==5
[0.069] [0.117] [0.112] [0.113]
humid1 -0.038 -0.157 -0.066 -0.184 -0.041 -0.194 -0.164
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid2 -0.013 0.079 0.007 0.099 -0.012 0.094 0.073
[0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
humid3 0.068 0.189 0.043 0.163 0.061 0.192 0.14
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid4 -0.123 -0.258 -0.099 -0.232 -0.123 -0.287 -0.214
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
temp1 -0.612 -0.7 -0.813 -0.905 -0.642 -0.733 -0.746
[0.026] [0.025] [0.026] [0.025] [0.026] [0.025] [0.025]
temp2 0.392* 0.281 0.438** 0.321 0.378* 0.275 0.334*
[0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
temp3 -0.135 -0.105 -0.1 -0.067 -0.126 -0.107 -0.061
[0.011] [0.011] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011]
temp4 0.077 0.054 0.189 0.175 0.11 0.068 0.228
[0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.010]
temp5 0.332** 0.558*** 0.370*** 0.598*** 0.327** 0.551*** 0.303**
[0.006] [0.009] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.175*** 0.182*** 0.179*** 0.187*** 0.167*** 0.157*** 0.175***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

iron 0.347*** 0.345*** 0.348*** 0.347*** 0.339*** 0.338*** 0.317***
[0.014] [0.015] [0.013] [0.014] [0.014] [0.015] [0.013]
silv 0.166 0.131 0.19 0.154 0.16 0.123 0.196
[0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.013]
zinc -0.354* -0.399** -0.395** -0.439** -0.341* -0.408** -0.358**
[0.017] [0.019] [0.017] [0.018] [0.017] [0.019] [0.017]
oilres 0.024 0.019 0.021 0.016 0.025 0.016 0.011
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.082 -0.083
mar
[0.089] [0.083]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.043 0.104
malaria
[0.002] [0.004]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.176*
in
tropical
zones
[0.074]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.688 0.666 0.711 0.7 0.711 0.7 0.706 0.697 0.711
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
p(OID) 0.444 0.362 0.39 0.482 0.719 0.741 0.526 0.445 0.439
p(UID) 0.139 0.287 0.037 0.047 0.054 0.049 0.044 0.048 0.072
Pagan-
19.359 22.348 28.708 30.104 30.02 33.333 30.176 31.149 30.66
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.036 0.217 0.862 0.966 0.875 0.947 0.87 0.972 0.856
Hall)
Pagan-
28.361 32.942 38.114 37.135 41.354 43.456 41.011 39.168 41.463
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.002 0.017 0.464 0.821 0.411 0.659 0.426 0.814 0.407
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 10.929 42.899 68.927 127.309 99.285 119.435 68.086 125.52 69.882
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.091 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.621 0.408 0.617 0.455 0.6 0.306 0.456
p(temp) 0.065 0.022 0.038 0.01 0.057 0.015 0.055
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
13.385**
gendiv 6.899** 1.312 5.767** 1.879 6.620** 1.109 6.252** 1.793
*
[52.316] [71.650] [58.673] [41.200] [64.725] [43.886] [58.754] [46.119] [78.902]
-
gendiv_s
-7.297** 14.371** -1.237 -5.847** -1.821 -6.983** -1.036 -6.548** -1.68
q
*
[39.306] [54.218] [43.803] [30.299] [48.562] [31.852] [44.074] [34.887] [59.714]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.18 -0.015 0.384*** 0.246*** 0.370*** 0.267*** 0.389*** 0.260*** 0.336*
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.075] [0.080] [0.044] [0.027] [0.048] [0.028] [0.045] [0.031] [0.062]
Hosftede
individua 0.19 0.287 -0.044 0.087 0.007 0.176 -0.034 0.147 -0.013
lism
[0.008] [0.008] [0.007] [0.003] [0.009] [0.004] [0.007] [0.004] [0.009]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.095 0.21 -0.341** 0.03 -0.340* 0.076 -0.312* 0.084 -0.381*
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.496] [0.478] [0.543] [0.288] [0.611] [0.375] [0.572] [0.293] [0.802]
- -
Latitud -0.128 -0.372* 0.252 -0.330** 0.226 0.267 0.39
0.417*** 0.446***
[0.809] [0.996] [1.281] [0.598] [1.476] [0.552] [1.342] [0.691] [1.487]

continent
0.800*** 0.124 0.13 0.291
==2
[0.494] [0.350] [0.354] [0.399]
continent
0.325 -0.132 -0.058 -0.242
==3
[0.572] [0.309] [0.324] [0.505]
continent
0.001 0.171 0.011 0.143
==4
[0.724] [0.502] [0.653] [0.599]
continent -
-0.01 -0.063 -0.132
==5 0.295***
[1.377] [0.386] [0.472] [0.519]

humid1 0.699** -0.179 0.692** -0.223* 0.738** -0.251 0.618
[0.018] [0.008] [0.021] [0.008] [0.021] [0.009] [0.024]
humid2 -0.337 0.196 -0.352 0.181 -0.333 0.184 -0.355
[0.032] [0.017] [0.036] [0.017] [0.034] [0.020] [0.040]
humid3 -0.658** 0.19 -0.677** 0.142 -0.709** 0.165 -0.445
[0.019] [0.010] [0.020] [0.011] [0.020] [0.013] [0.023]

humid4 0.315* -0.223* 0.335 -0.192 0.335* -0.281 0.169
[0.018] [0.012] [0.019] [0.012] [0.019] [0.016] [0.026]
temp1 0.03 -0.17 0.028 -0.899 0.126 -0.134 -0.022
[0.074] [0.041] [0.097] [0.067] [0.077] [0.045] [0.119]
temp2 1.197*** 0.186 1.274*** 0.255 1.170*** 0.111 1.395**
[0.042] [0.019] [0.046] [0.017] [0.040] [0.029] [0.061]
temp3 -0.425** -0.01 -0.440* 0.128 -0.439** -0.055 -0.401
[0.040] [0.018] [0.049] [0.028] [0.041] [0.023] [0.059]
temp4 -0.251 0.027 -0.32 0.353 -0.256 -0.063 -0.297
[0.032] [0.017] [0.038] [0.021] [0.032] [0.019] [0.047]
temp5 -0.184 -0.215 -0.191 0.02 -0.211 -0.19 -0.3
[0.032] [0.020] [0.038] [0.025] [0.034] [0.022] [0.049]
goldm -0.141** -0.048 -0.227** -0.069 -0.184** 0.053 -0.403**
[0.011] [0.008] [0.014] [0.008] [0.012] [0.010] [0.023]

iron 0.079 0.762*** 0.046 0.716*** 0.096 0.769*** 0.084
[0.059] [0.067] [0.068] [0.067] [0.065] [0.086] [0.081]
silv -0.121 0.179* -0.062 0.195** -0.074 0.107 0.008
[0.035] [0.029] [0.043] [0.023] [0.039] [0.029] [0.049]
- -
zinc 0.542** 0.536** 0.495** -0.364** 0.646**
0.345*** 0.368***
[0.073] [0.037] [0.079] [0.036] [0.066] [0.039] [0.088]
- - - -
oilres -0.214** -0.230** -0.189
0.236*** 0.234*** 0.260*** 0.229***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
-0.025 -0.097*
mar
[0.235] [0.162]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.05 0.263**
malaria
[0.021] [0.021]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.12
in
tropical
zones
[0.663]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 6.697 13.057 74.097 50.473 75.442 53.267 63.399 50.028 35.268
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.754 0.788 0 0.301 0.001 0.279 0.011 0.393 0.683
Pagan)
nr2 7.945 21.052 49.74 53.734 50.546 53.854 45.752 56.123 38.956
nr2p 0.634 0.277 0.096 0.202 0.123 0.26 0.246 0.197 0.517
-10 -11 -12
0.063 0.034 0.046

[0.019] [0.018] [0.018]
0.328*** 0.360*** 0.357***
d
[0.011] [0.013] [0.013]
0.481*** 0.461*** 0.475***
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
0.278*** 0.131** 0.242***
[0.114] [0.070] [0.096]

0.605** 0.511** 0.577***
[0.319] [0.312] [0.300]
0.108 0.217
[0.071] [0.095]
0.079 0.065
[0.048] [0.048]
0.247** 0.263**
[0.077] [0.078]
0.106 0.121
[0.121] [0.131]
-0.28 -0.074 -0.229
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
0.166 0.04 0.156
[0.006] [0.005] [0.007]
0.256 0.119 0.286
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
-0.343* -0.163 -0.337
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
-0.855 -0.625 -0.735
[0.025] [0.026] [0.025]
0.198 0.272 0.162
[0.007] [0.008] [0.008]
-0.017 -0.092 -0.047
[0.011] [0.012] [0.011]
0.245 0.182 0.167
[0.010] [0.011] [0.010]
0.529*** 0.310** 0.553***
[0.009] [0.006] [0.009]
- - -
0.183*** 0.175*** 0.181***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.307** 0.284* 0.262*
[0.014] [0.017] [0.018]
0.159 0.136 0.094
[0.012] [0.012] [0.012]
-0.391** -0.3 -0.306
[0.018] [0.018] [0.020]
0.009 0.01 0.004
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.188
[0.080]
-0.192 -0.251
[0.123] [0.140]
0.701 0.709 0.702
65 65 65
0.676 0.408 0.429
0.053 0.097 0.126
34.934 27.194 31.589
0.921 0.939 0.968
45.355 32.479 34.441
0.582 0.795 0.929
139.364 100.028 177.729
0 0 0
0.303 0.68 0.338

0.017 0.143 0.05
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12

A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
10.082** 0.608 7.297

[75.978] [48.381] [77.918]
-
-0.604 -7.144
10.127**
[54.988] [36.036] [58.447]

0.380** 0.405*** 0.376**
[0.065] [0.047] [0.048]
-0.069 -0.12 -0.039
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
0.147 -0.229* 0.243*
[0.506] [0.428] [0.449]
-0.064 0.29 0.109
[1.215] [1.246] [1.008]

0.328 0.386
[0.825] [0.806]
0.061 -0.162
[0.521] [0.589]
0.512 0.624*
[0.909] [0.673]
-
-0.555*
1.374***
[1.858] [1.495]
-0.313 0.832*** -0.15
[0.019] [0.016] [0.017]
0.24 -0.482** 0.166
[0.038] [0.028] [0.033]
-
0.347 0.189
0.778***
[0.021] [0.018] [0.019]

-0.389 0.445** -0.289
[0.028] [0.019] [0.020]
0.168 -0.098 0.172
[0.084] [0.073] [0.080]
0.077 1.285*** 0.475
[0.046] [0.034] [0.034]
-0.037 -0.435** -0.188
[0.044] [0.041] [0.038]
-0.24 -0.091 -0.35
[0.035] [0.031] [0.032]
-0.073 -0.166 -0.005
[0.040] [0.031] [0.031]
- - -
0.577*** 0.261*** 0.365***
[0.020] [0.009] [0.016]

1.215*** 0.093 0.366
[0.142] [0.052] [0.137]
0.103 -0.197* 0.379**
[0.043] [0.033] [0.055]
-0.122 0.703*** -0.083
[0.054] [0.053] [0.067]
-0.157* -0.197** -0.201**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

0.08
[0.445]
0.17 -0.123
[0.385] [0.571]
65 65 65
50.666 30.755 74.897
0.369 0.853 0.008
34.818 23.88 48.269

0.923 0.98 0.462
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 0.1 0.512*** 0.374*** 0.417*** 0.400*** 0.453*** 0.385*** 0.432*** 0.369***
[0.046] [0.021] [0.024] [0.023] [0.022] [0.020] [0.024] [0.022] [0.022]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.316* 0.094 0.19 0.163 0.203* 0.179 0.198* 0.172 0.210*
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.020] [0.013] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.013] [0.012] [0.013]
Hosftede
individua 0.380*** 0.301*** 0.339*** 0.407*** 0.377*** 0.441*** 0.330*** 0.449*** 0.346***
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.067 0.103 0.138** 0.255** 0.164** 0.272** 0.119 0.257** 0.183**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.058] [0.076] [0.074] [0.116] [0.071] [0.120] [0.082] [0.110] [0.082]
Latitud 0.175 0.188* 0.291 0.346** 0.24 0.292** 0.283 0.313* 0.439**
[0.164] [0.149] [0.250] [0.219] [0.223] [0.188] [0.248] [0.218] [0.291]
continent
-0.113 0.02 0.006 0.011
==2
[0.048] [0.074] [0.075] [0.070]
continent
-0.001 0.018 0.032 -0.097
==3
[0.045] [0.045] [0.048] [0.076]
continent
0.026 0.237** 0.233** 0.260**
==4
[0.035] [0.071] [0.069] [0.068]
continent
0.027 0.067 0.06 0.056
==5
[0.060] [0.111] [0.101] [0.103]
humid1 -0.013 -0.113 -0.055 -0.148 -0.017 -0.163 -0.17
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid2 -0.051 0.025 -0.024 0.048 -0.051 0.043 0.055
[0.005] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
humid3 0.049 0.139 0.012 0.092 0.042 0.139 0.138
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
humid4 -0.078 -0.183 -0.04 -0.133 -0.078 -0.22 -0.191
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
temp1 -0.531 -0.55 -0.812 -0.837 -0.557 -0.586 -0.692
[0.021] [0.020] [0.021] [0.020] [0.022] [0.020] [0.021]
temp2 0.374* 0.209 0.435** 0.255 0.359 0.191 0.3
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
temp3 -0.088 -0.061 -0.033 0.001 -0.078 -0.062 0.002
[0.010] [0.009] [0.009] [0.008] [0.010] [0.009] [0.009]
temp4 0.059 0.034 0.217 0.213 0.092 0.052 0.242
[0.009] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.008]
temp5 0.294** 0.484** 0.349*** 0.535*** 0.288** 0.469** 0.260**
[0.006] [0.009] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.005]
goldm -0.085* -0.085* -0.086** -0.086** -0.074 -0.047 -0.087*
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
iron 0.322*** 0.326** 0.321*** 0.327*** 0.314** 0.315** 0.286**
[0.014] [0.015] [0.013] [0.013] [0.014] [0.015] [0.013]
silv 0.203 0.171 0.240* 0.209 0.198 0.161 0.239*
[0.012] [0.012] [0.013] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.013]
-
zinc -0.384** -0.469** -0.447** -0.372** -0.484** -0.390**
0.534***
[0.016] [0.018] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.018] [0.016]

oilres -0.002 -0.007 -0.006 -0.012 -0.001 -0.01 -0.016
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.12 -0.125
mar
[0.084] [0.082]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.044 0.150**
malaria
[0.002] [0.005]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.216**
in
tropical
zones
[0.070]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.727 0.751 0.748 0.742 0.757 0.752 0.744 0.745 0.754
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
p(OID) 0.094 0.029 0.307 0.184 0.255 0.277 0.091 0.125 0.31
p(UID) 0.645 0.007 0.12 0.075 0.101 0.076 0.118 0.059 0.086
Pagan-
12.469 15.835 22.584 33.313 21.697 30.274 23.753 31.428 23.676
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.255 0.604 0.978 0.919 0.992 0.979 0.981 0.969 0.981
Hall)
Pagan-
18.093 27.776 28.315 39.124 30.375 42.662 30.173 36.604 29.663
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.053 0.066 0.874 0.753 0.864 0.691 0.87 0.885 0.884
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 13.273 120.655 152.502 346.874 150.074 446.671 160.619 577.565 224.313
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.039 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.523 0.46 0.477 0.443 0.508 0.276 0.362
p(temp) 0.312 0.135 0.124 0.04 0.332 0.107 0.39
p(natural 0.005 0.007 0.008 0.006 0.012 0.014 0.023
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
gendiv 2.834 3.22 -3.464* -0.288 -3.344** 0.058 -3.735* -0.102 -3.183*
[64.672] [66.669] [53.585] [10.515] [44.671] [4.963] [55.453] [4.584] [52.394]
gendiv_s
-2.784 -3.139 3.410* 0.375 3.305** -0.036 3.668* 0.151 3.135*
q
[48.118] [49.278] [39.993] [8.266] [33.177] [3.689] [41.065] [3.774] [39.186]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.433*** 0.346*** 0.477*** 0.336*** 0.421*** 0.331*** 0.464*** 0.348*** 0.423***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.063] [0.042] [0.047] [0.020] [0.041] [0.005] [0.050] [0.008] [0.041]
Hosftede
individua 0.223** 0.271*** 0.308*** 0.156*** 0.260*** 0.144*** 0.328*** 0.152*** 0.381***
lism
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.001] [0.005] [0.000] [0.007] [0.000] [0.006]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.124 -0.028 0.037 -0.008 -0.011 0.027*** 0.05 0.028*** -0.06
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.534] [0.331] [0.440] [0.129] [0.415] [0.032] [0.475] [0.050] [0.445]
Latitud 0.200* 0.077 0.373*** 0.252*** 0.399*** 0.323*** 0.379** 0.297*** 0.136
[0.946] [0.610] [1.005] [0.243] [0.970] [0.046] [1.115] [0.073] [1.104]
continent
0.313*** 0.330*** 0.338*** 0.317***
==2
[0.227] [0.158] [0.037] [0.069]
continent
0.017 -0.01 0.015* 0.072***
==3
[0.278] [0.152] [0.036] [0.112]
continent
0.211 0.094* 0.113*** 0.096***
==4
[0.502] [0.171] [0.051] [0.084]
continent - - -
-0.133
==5 0.182*** 0.113*** 0.058***
[1.963] [0.232] [0.050] [0.072]
- - -
humid1 0.026 0.028 0.019 0.17
0.116*** 0.114*** 0.108***
[0.013] [0.004] [0.012] [0.001] [0.016] [0.002] [0.018]

humid2 -0.003 0.169*** -0.014 0.154*** 0.007 0.161*** -0.089
[0.022] [0.008] [0.021] [0.002] [0.024] [0.003] [0.028]
humid3 0.023 0.153*** 0.117 0.210*** 0.041 0.166*** -0.085
[0.014] [0.004] [0.014] [0.001] [0.015] [0.001] [0.017]
- - -
humid4 -0.073 -0.136 -0.088 0.044
0.195*** 0.270*** 0.201***
[0.017] [0.004] [0.017] [0.001] [0.018] [0.001] [0.020]
- - -
temp1 -0.655* -0.322 -0.708 -0.24
0.352*** 0.245*** 0.420***
[0.077] [0.026] [0.072] [0.008] [0.098] [0.008] [0.071]

temp2 0.26 0.297*** 0.154 0.244*** 0.26 0.298*** 0.234
[0.031] [0.008] [0.030] [0.003] [0.031] [0.003] [0.028]
- - -
temp3 -0.14 -0.199** -0.14 -0.271**
0.106*** 0.147*** 0.107***
[0.030] [0.009] [0.031] [0.002] [0.032] [0.003] [0.038]
-
temp4 0.248 0.056 0.108 0.257 0.05 -0.06
0.070***
[0.029] [0.009] [0.027] [0.002] [0.035] [0.003] [0.026]

temp5 0.322** 0.094 0.232* 0.163*** 0.384** 0.183*** 0.292**
[0.035] [0.015] [0.033] [0.005] [0.043] [0.005] [0.030]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.458*** 0.190*** 0.427*** 0.199*** 0.493*** 0.217*** 0.476***
[0.027] [0.007] [0.020] [0.001] [0.031] [0.004] [0.021]

iron 0.034 0.193*** 0.046 0.083*** 0.041 0.107*** 0.03
[0.053] [0.023] [0.046] [0.006] [0.057] [0.009] [0.055]
- -
silv -0.099 -0.045** -0.188** -0.073 -0.208**
0.104*** 0.062***
[0.046] [0.010] [0.045] [0.004] [0.049] [0.005] [0.052]

zinc 0.262* 0.104* 0.368*** 0.191*** 0.23 0.140*** 0.365***
[0.071] [0.028] [0.065] [0.008] [0.076] [0.015] [0.068]
oilres 0.009 0.014** 0.02 0.023*** 0.01 0.024*** 0.027
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.136*** 0.093***
mar
[0.201] [0.025]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.03
0.080***
malaria
[0.023] [0.004]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.184*
in
tropical
zones
[0.391]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 16.814 236.219 37.628 109.468 42.051 107.47 37.126 132.313 35.849
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.079 0 0.486 0 0.382 0 0.6 0 0.658
Pagan)
nr2 17.803 62.757 36.327 41.605 39.811 46.859 37.265 46.397 39.743
nr2p 0.058 0 0.547 0.657 0.479 0.52 0.594 0.539 0.482
-10 -11 -12
0.413*** 0.502*** 0.445***

[0.022] [0.024] [0.023]
0.191* 0.205* 0.219*
d
[0.012] [0.012] [0.012]
0.399*** 0.329*** 0.382***
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.280*** 0.121** 0.229**
[0.112] [0.065] [0.097]

0.516** 0.431** 0.491***
[0.279] [0.267] [0.251]
0.003 0.132
[0.070] [0.085]
0.055 0.044
[0.046] [0.047]
0.230** 0.242**
[0.073] [0.072]
0.073 0.087
[0.112] [0.122]
-0.263 -0.082 -0.205
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.132 0.027 0.122
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
0.221 0.137 0.262
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.287 -0.137 -0.278
[0.006] [0.004] [0.006]
-0.74 -0.475 -0.568
[0.020] [0.020] [0.020]
0.107 0.113 0.02
[0.007] [0.009] [0.008]
0.047 0.005 0.024
[0.008] [0.009] [0.009]
0.267 0.211 0.187
[0.008] [0.008] [0.008]
0.448** 0.249* 0.466**
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
-0.088* -0.061 -0.081*
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.280** 0.196 0.208
[0.014] [0.017] [0.018]
0.205 0.156 0.12
[0.013] [0.012] [0.012]
-0.458** -0.302 -0.344*
[0.017] [0.017] [0.019]

-0.019 -0.019 -0.023
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.230**
[0.071]
-0.346** -0.347*
[0.105] [0.118]
0.748 0.76 0.753
65 65 65
0.215 0.246 0.185
0.073 0.15 0.099
30.939 22.477 34.098
0.973 0.989 0.935
36.434 22.636 30.719
0.889 0.988 0.975
623.282 229.394 827.084
0 0 0
0.33 0.808 0.563

0.182 0.568 0.146
0.055 0.55 0.396
-10 -11 -12

A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
-0.004 -2.870** -0.035

[20.934] [39.589] [13.964]
-0.19 2.817** 0.189
[15.453] [29.333] [9.831]
0.379*** 0.344*** 0.296***
[0.017] [0.047] [0.022]
0.237*** 0.384*** 0.182***
[0.002] [0.006] [0.002]
0.080*** -0.01 -0.031
[0.146] [0.453] [0.155]

0.203*** 0.144 0.189***
[0.366] [0.990] [0.261]
0.363*** 0.206***
[0.178] [0.160]
0.088** -0.036
[0.182] [0.196]
0.049 0.112
[0.323] [0.244]
0.170*** 0.025
[0.265] [0.189]
-0.027 0.066 -0.082*
[0.006] [0.016] [0.004]

0.055 -0.037 0.133***
[0.010] [0.028] [0.007]
0.099 -0.038 0.094**
[0.007] [0.015] [0.005]
- -
-0.029
0.191*** 0.127***
[0.008] [0.017] [0.004]
-
-0.227 -0.256**
0.573***
[0.024] [0.066] [0.022]

0.292*** 0.272 0.357***
[0.009] [0.040] [0.008]
- -
-0.231**
0.166*** 0.150***
[0.010] [0.038] [0.009]
-0.032 -0.075 0
[0.008] [0.029] [0.007]

0.424*** 0.203* 0.02
[0.012] [0.030] [0.021]
- - -
0.238*** 0.447*** 0.206***
[0.006] [0.019] [0.006]

-0.106** 0.125 0.258***
[0.027] [0.066] [0.019]
-
-0.198** -0.018
0.164***
[0.014] [0.047] [0.010]

0.272*** 0.298** 0.042
[0.029] [0.074] [0.020]
0.040*** 0.012 0.017**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-
0.115***
[0.132]
0.214* 0.155***
[0.461] [0.104]
65 65 65
55.422 51.143 59.099
0.215 0.111 0.131
42.665 42.424 47.632

0.691 0.367 0.488
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 0.02 0.172*** 0.256*** 0.304*** 0.241*** 0.297*** 0.284*** 0.321*** 0.231***
[0.015] [0.009] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.011] [0.010] [0.010]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.358*** 0.262*** 0.223* 0.195* 0.242** 0.212** 0.242** 0.208* 0.249**
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.011] [0.010] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.013]
Hosftede
individua 0.395*** 0.336*** 0.465*** 0.498*** 0.488*** 0.519*** 0.453*** 0.560*** 0.467***
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.06 0.105 0.128* 0.282*** 0.142** 0.291*** 0.076 0.279*** 0.163**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.068] [0.070] [0.075] [0.112] [0.073] [0.113] [0.074] [0.101] [0.086]
Latitud 0.199* 0.272** 0.236 0.279** 0.224 0.262** 0.205 0.222 0.364*
[0.149] [0.159] [0.229] [0.189] [0.214] [0.173] [0.219] [0.185] [0.270]
continent
0.064 0.229* 0.226* 0.226*
==2
[0.048] [0.073] [0.076] [0.071]
continent
0.046 0.102* 0.108* -0.061
==3
[0.040] [0.051] [0.052] [0.066]
continent
0.123** 0.374*** 0.372*** 0.401***
==4
[0.032] [0.072] [0.073] [0.067]
continent
0.092** 0.159** 0.156*** 0.145**
==5
[0.066] [0.100] [0.097] [0.097]
humid1 -0.247 -0.441** -0.257 -0.455** -0.285 -0.539** -0.336
[0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
humid2 0.092 0.237* 0.102 0.249* 0.109 0.275** 0.158
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
humid3 0.243 0.423** 0.214 0.398** 0.255 0.453** 0.282
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
humid4 -0.176 -0.377** -0.154 -0.354* -0.188 -0.442** -0.251
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
temp1 -0.226 -0.247 -0.404 -0.408 -0.27 -0.305 -0.374
[0.022] [0.019] [0.022] [0.020] [0.021] [0.019] [0.022]
temp2 0.424** 0.248 0.458** 0.277 0.397* 0.25 0.360*
[0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.006]
temp3 -0.231 -0.217 -0.198 -0.186 -0.214 -0.22 -0.158
[0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009]
temp4 -0.349 -0.463 -0.236 -0.362 -0.308 -0.461 -0.168
[0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009]
temp5 0.219 0.525*** 0.255* 0.554*** 0.2 0.502*** 0.2
[0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.007] [0.006]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.170*** 0.175*** 0.173*** 0.180*** 0.149*** 0.126*** 0.169***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

iron 0.255** 0.233* 0.261** 0.237** 0.226* 0.210* 0.237*
[0.015] [0.014] [0.014] [0.014] [0.015] [0.014] [0.014]
silv 0.236* 0.185 0.250* 0.201 0.231* 0.178 0.254*
[0.013] [0.012] [0.013] [0.013] [0.013] [0.013] [0.014]
zinc -0.340* -0.374** -0.373** -0.405** -0.308* -0.391** -0.343*
[0.017] [0.018] [0.017] [0.017] [0.017] [0.018] [0.017]
oilres 0.021 0.02 0.019 0.018 0.024 0.016 0.011
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.064 -0.063
mar
[0.087] [0.078]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.111*** 0.214***
malaria
[0.002] [0.004]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.162*
in
tropical
zones
[0.066]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.708 0.728 0.751 0.762 0.749 0.76 0.755 0.775 0.751
Observat
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
ions
p(OID) 0.209 0.035 0.734 0.335 0.635 0.375 0.391 0.162 0.681
p(UID) 0.097 0.006 0.1 0.122 0.06 0.084 0.161 0.135 0.08
Pagan-
15.165 18.122 22.3 22.789 22.758 21.921 24.491 29.212 23.604
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.126 0.448 0.98 0.998 0.987 1 0.974 0.985 0.982
Hall)
Pagan-
21.08 31.44 28.514 24.722 29.745 25.911 33.312 34.019 30.766
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.021 0.026 0.868 0.996 0.882 0.996 0.764 0.936 0.853
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 7.864 79.811 123.056 223.825 128.428 199.994 144.707 188.163 190.345
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.248 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.489 0.226 0.432 0.209 0.317 0.05 0.353
p(temp) 0.027 0.006 0.023 0.003 0.01 0 0.025
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
10.779**
gendiv 8.421* 2.428 3.598** 1.419 4.151** 1.785 -0.639 -0.71
*
[132.796 [154.306
[83.578] [57.364] [80.216] [60.338] [95.555] [13.182] [47.116]
] ]
-
gendiv_s
10.724** -8.447* -2.438 -3.646** -1.456 -4.100** -1.64 0.687* 0.65
q
*
[100.313 [110.916
[61.308] [42.921] [58.674] [44.287] [69.467] [10.024] [34.925]
] ]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.294* 0.231** 0.386*** 0.418*** 0.440*** 0.445*** 0.371*** 0.373*** 0.459***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.130] [0.087] [0.072] [0.030] [0.068] [0.042] [0.072] [0.007] [0.056]
Hosftede
-
individua 0.268 0.365*** -0.047 -0.044 -0.13 -0.078 -0.193 -0.093
0.096***
lism
[0.014] [0.010] [0.010] [0.004] [0.011] [0.006] [0.012] [0.001] [0.007]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.041 0.046 0.09 -0.115** 0.077 -0.093* 0.213* 0.032** 0.104
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.841] [0.976] [0.594] [0.412] [0.604] [0.391] [0.868] [0.088] [0.590]
Latitud 0.006 -0.079 0.729*** 0.599*** 0.822*** 0.643*** 0.829*** 0.698*** 0.878***
[1.920] [1.732] [1.480] [0.713] [1.564] [0.917] [1.506] [0.163] [1.371]
continent - - -
-0.01
==2 0.260*** 0.281*** 0.257***
[0.563] [0.250] [0.258] [0.091]
continent
-0.189 -0.134** -0.161** 0.004
==3
[0.866] [0.361] [0.409] [0.114]
continent -
-0.114 -0.418** -0.312*
==4 0.218***
[1.596] [0.685] [0.688] [0.162]
continent - -
-0.194 -0.007
==5 0.537*** 0.534***
[2.980] [0.922] [0.936] [0.126]

humid1 1.053*** 0.884*** 1.318*** 0.867*** 1.261*** 1.045*** 1.054***
[0.029] [0.011] [0.025] [0.015] [0.028] [0.004] [0.019]
- - - - - -
humid2 -0.449**
0.463*** 0.667*** 0.434*** 0.523*** 0.514*** 0.575***
[0.051] [0.017] [0.042] [0.022] [0.034] [0.006] [0.031]

- - - - - - -
humid3
0.922*** 0.761*** 1.114*** 0.770*** 1.045*** 0.787*** 0.917***
[0.031] [0.010] [0.031] [0.016] [0.030] [0.003] [0.021]

humid4 0.254 0.318*** 0.323 0.350*** 0.439** 0.404*** 0.265
[0.037] [0.011] [0.039] [0.016] [0.040] [0.004] [0.032]
- - - -
temp1 -0.853* -0.55 -0.538
1.512*** 1.338*** 1.380*** 1.048***
[0.123] [0.054] [0.121] [0.071] [0.120] [0.017] [0.087]

temp2 0 0.273** 0.124 0.258 -0.278 0.073 -0.161
[0.068] [0.031] [0.060] [0.046] [0.066] [0.010] [0.048]
temp3 0.232* 0.362*** 0.128 0.355*** 0.191 0.320*** 0.422***
[0.057] [0.026] [0.049] [0.027] [0.050] [0.007] [0.042]
temp4 1.165** 1.750*** 0.843** 1.692*** 1.362*** 1.630*** 1.433***
[0.055] [0.023] [0.053] [0.025] [0.059] [0.005] [0.037]
temp5 0.172 -0.085 0.183 -0.138 0.088 0.227*** 0.099
[0.054] [0.025] [0.053] [0.034] [0.061] [0.005] [0.039]
-
goldm 0.162* -0.068 0.167** -0.075 0.110* 0.166***
0.050***
[0.028] [0.013] [0.022] [0.016] [0.020] [0.002] [0.015]

iron 0.273** 0.666*** 0.363*** 0.752*** 0.442*** 0.351*** 0.146*
[0.094] [0.059] [0.077] [0.051] [0.095] [0.013] [0.068]
- - - - -
silv -0.202** -0.191**
0.122*** 0.230*** 0.099*** 0.200*** 0.221***
[0.066] [0.023] [0.052] [0.022] [0.061] [0.007] [0.044]
-
zinc -0.001 -0.216** -0.019 -0.061 -0.045** 0.204
0.290***
[0.122] [0.052] [0.102] [0.045] [0.094] [0.013] [0.080]
- - -
oilres -0.136 -0.079 -0.123 -0.111*
0.082*** 0.102*** 0.041***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
-0.003 -0.02
mar
[0.301] [0.204]
EcologÃ
- -
a de la
0.346*** 0.323***
malaria
[0.044] [0.007]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.375***
in
tropical
zones
[0.581]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 21.554 100.34 54.835 36.788 51.896 32.831 45.885 111.16 49.726
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.018 0 0.038 0.832 0.099 0.954 0.241 0 0.139
Pagan)
nr2 21.888 54.391 52.61 36.594 51.456 45.549 51.12 52.342 28.587
nr2p 0.016 0 0.058 0.838 0.106 0.574 0.112 0.309 0.911
-10 -11 -12
0.279*** 0.243*** 0.277***

[0.010] [0.010] [0.010]
0.229** 0.258* 0.251**
d
[0.012] [0.014] [0.013]
0.493*** 0.476*** 0.483***
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.310*** 0.119** 0.261***
[0.112] [0.065] [0.097]

0.441** 0.328* 0.400**
[0.245] [0.257] [0.222]
0.208* 0.305**
[0.070] [0.091]
0.129** 0.114*
[0.049] [0.053]
0.372*** 0.365***
[0.071] [0.071]
0.161*** 0.170**
[0.100] [0.110]
-0.540** -0.272 -0.486**
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.315** 0.131 0.295*
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
0.462** 0.281 0.497**
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
-0.455** -0.209 -0.439**
[0.005] [0.005] [0.006]
-0.426 -0.248 -0.321
[0.019] [0.022] [0.020]
0.147 0.316 0.14
[0.007] [0.008] [0.008]
-0.122 -0.188 -0.148
[0.009] [0.010] [0.009]
-0.226 -0.246 -0.308
[0.008] [0.009] [0.008]
0.501*** 0.21 0.518***
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
- - -
0.176*** 0.172*** 0.177***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.203* 0.206 0.161
[0.014] [0.018] [0.018]
0.203 0.207 0.146
[0.013] [0.013] [0.012]
-0.369** -0.298 -0.287
[0.017] [0.018] [0.019]
0.01 0.014 0.007
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.195**
[0.063]
-0.159 -0.24
[0.120] [0.132]
0.764 0.75 0.764
64 64 64
0.237 0.737 0.19
0.121 0.153 0.128
25.454 25.295 24.445
0.997 0.966 0.998
28.742 27.933 20.675
0.988 0.925 1
226.865 133.691 221.077
0 0 0
0.123 0.542 0.188

0.004 0.057 0.018
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12

A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
-0.779 -0.142 -1.601*
[18.281] [73.708] [31.423]
0.803 0.104 1.689*
[13.321] [54.459] [23.206]

0.415*** 0.450*** 0.405***
[0.012] [0.080] [0.016]
-0.004 -0.034 -0.017
[0.001] [0.011] [0.003]
0.046** 0.073 0.069*
[0.132] [0.565] [0.285]

0.763*** 0.957*** 0.681***
[0.358] [1.644] [0.485]
- -
0.280*** 0.245***
[0.102] [0.219]
- -
0.206*** 0.273***
[0.129] [0.228]
-
-0.106
0.191***
[0.249] [0.464]
-
0.006
0.062***
[0.210] [0.422]
0.881*** 1.084*** 0.938***
[0.004] [0.027] [0.006]
- - -
0.433*** 0.484*** 0.465***
[0.006] [0.044] [0.010]

- - -
0.753*** 0.769*** 0.759***
[0.004] [0.031] [0.007]

0.248*** 0.099 0.309***
[0.004] [0.037] [0.009]
- -
-0.832
1.598*** 1.486***
[0.021] [0.134] [0.036]

0.031 -0.17 0.015
[0.010] [0.063] [0.016]
0.358*** 0.302** 0.321***
[0.011] [0.061] [0.018]
1.770*** 1.178** 1.658***
[0.008] [0.060] [0.015]
0.222*** 0.237 0.272***
[0.010] [0.045] [0.014]
0.031*** 0.183** 0.064***
[0.004] [0.027] [0.006]

0.280*** 0.199** 0.210***
[0.020] [0.066] [0.039]
- -
-0.227**
0.206*** 0.244***
[0.007] [0.057] [0.014]
-0.066** 0.017 -0.011
[0.020] [0.093] [0.037]
- -
-0.082
0.048*** 0.040***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

0.128***
[0.110]
-
-0.044
0.370***
[0.552] [0.200]
64 64 64
41.153 46.54 61.371
0.747 0.221 0.093
32.769 46.582 50.578

0.954 0.22 0.372
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 0.236 0.275*** 0.259*** 0.273*** 0.250*** 0.264*** 0.299*** 0.285*** 0.268***
[0.027] [0.016] [0.015] [0.016] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015] [0.015] [0.014]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.235 0.191* 0.227* 0.220* 0.247** 0.244** 0.235** 0.231** 0.243**
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.016] [0.012] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.013]
Hosftede
individua 0.381*** 0.342*** 0.416*** 0.449*** 0.448*** 0.480*** 0.399*** 0.492*** 0.422***
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.046 0.038 0.112 0.192* 0.130** 0.207* 0.067 0.191* 0.159**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.074] [0.072] [0.074] [0.115] [0.068] [0.117] [0.078] [0.112] [0.083]
Latitud 0.151 0.270** 0.319** 0.385*** 0.293** 0.358*** 0.296** 0.353** 0.475**
[0.155] [0.163] [0.214] [0.188] [0.197] [0.165] [0.204] [0.186] [0.254]
continent
-0.082 0.055 0.056 0.047
==2
[0.058] [0.079] [0.080] [0.077]
continent
0.04 0.078 0.087 -0.034
==3
[0.044] [0.051] [0.052] [0.078]
continent
0.03 0.226** 0.227** 0.248**
==4
[0.036] [0.069] [0.068] [0.066]
continent
0.065 0.087 0.085 0.076
==5
[0.072] [0.106] [0.100] [0.103]
humid1 -0.026 -0.113 -0.056 -0.142 -0.033 -0.163 -0.196
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid2 -0.092 -0.021 -0.069 0.003 -0.103 -0.006 0.019
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
humid3 0.027 0.112 0.003 0.087 0.007 0.111 0.122
[0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003]
humid4 -0.073 -0.17 -0.05 -0.144 -0.067 -0.205 -0.193
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
temp1 -0.573 -0.65 -0.776 -0.865 -0.623 -0.69 -0.743
[0.023] [0.023] [0.023] [0.022] [0.023] [0.022] [0.022]
temp2 0.538** 0.392 0.578*** 0.429* 0.528** 0.382 0.462**
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.007]
temp3 -0.17 -0.133 -0.133 -0.092 -0.157 -0.137 -0.073
[0.010] [0.010] [0.010] [0.009] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010]
temp4 -0.07 -0.056 0.048 0.074 -0.026 -0.042 0.122
[0.010] [0.009] [0.009] [0.009] [0.010] [0.009] [0.009]
temp5 0.313** 0.514*** 0.353*** 0.557*** 0.302** 0.500*** 0.276**
[0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.005]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.168*** 0.178*** 0.173*** 0.184*** 0.150*** 0.143*** 0.169***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

iron 0.356*** 0.351*** 0.357*** 0.353*** 0.342*** 0.340*** 0.317***
[0.013] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.013] [0.013] [0.012]
silv 0.147 0.107 0.172 0.133 0.132 0.095 0.186
[0.012] [0.011] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.013]
zinc -0.333** -0.370** -0.375** -0.413** -0.303* -0.382** -0.338**
[0.015] [0.017] [0.015] [0.016] [0.015] [0.017] [0.015]
oilres 0.002 0 0 -0.002 0.002 -0.003 -0.013
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.083 -0.087
mar
[0.085] [0.082]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.091** 0.149**
malaria
[0.003] [0.005]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.234**
in
tropical
zones
[0.072]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.724 0.712 0.742 0.733 0.742 0.734 0.742 0.735 0.749
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
p(OID) 0.167 0.274 0.256 0.251 0.241 0.084 0.208 0.28 0.237
p(UID) 0.346 0.008 0.25 0.102 0.275 0.116 0.181 0.124 0.219
Pagan-
17.568 21.46 23.746 32.47 24.341 33.54 26.956 35.712 24.811
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.063 0.257 0.966 0.934 0.976 0.944 0.943 0.905 0.971
Hall)
Pagan-
27.134 36.221 30.533 39.642 33.784 47.063 35.912 43.946 32.299
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.002 0.007 0.8 0.734 0.745 0.511 0.655 0.64 0.802
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 11.107 73.572 167.527 489.526 143.82 337.047 552.349 713.026 228.777
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.085 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.106 0.078 0.096 0.066 0.053 0.038 0.05
p(temp) 0.039 0.033 0.019 0.011 0.034 0.021 0.041
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
gendiv 4.971 2.812 -0.212 1.554 0.73 1.531 1.478 2.197 -0.872
[111.671 [116.113 [101.951
[95.175] [88.677] [48.294] [33.529] [97.566] [55.073]
] ] ]
gendiv_s
-5.048 -3.157 0.19 -1.701 -0.79 -1.709 -1.467 -2.479 0.88
q
[71.501] [67.007] [82.774] [35.986] [86.372] [23.270] [72.487] [41.088] [75.910]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.383*** 0.441*** 0.429*** 0.475*** 0.399*** 0.473*** 0.348*** 0.474*** 0.445***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.090] [0.057] [0.069] [0.046] [0.081] [0.031] [0.069] [0.060] [0.067]
Hosftede
individua 0.172 0.087 0.312* 0.269*** 0.364 0.380*** 0.455** 0.251*** 0.255*
lism
[0.011] [0.007] [0.013] [0.004] [0.016] [0.004] [0.012] [0.005] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.028 0.222*** 0.004 0.373*** -0.028 0.389*** 0.124 0.366*** -0.003
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.641] [0.355] [0.714] [0.214] [0.876] [0.240] [0.615] [0.386] [0.618]
Latitud 0.241 0.099 0.222 0.264*** 0.246 0.228*** 0.118 0.302*** 0.077
[1.528] [0.886] [2.294] [0.566] [2.402] [0.436] [1.876] [0.754] [2.050]
continent
0.510*** 0.172** 0.201** 0.181
==2
[0.422] [0.284] [0.265] [0.538]
continent
0.02 -0.111** -0.093** 0.055
==3
[0.655] [0.245] [0.219] [0.861]

continent
-0.023 0.214 0.223 0.117
==4
[0.698] [0.492] [0.625] [0.848]
continent
-0.036 0.373*** 0.359*** 0.415***
==5
[2.273] [0.615] [0.423] [0.935]
humid1 0.128 -0.125 0.212 -0.192 -0.231 -0.005 0.3
[0.031] [0.019] [0.033] [0.015] [0.034] [0.024] [0.026]
humid2 0.221 0.301** 0.146 0.363*** 0.502** 0.217 0.124
[0.045] [0.032] [0.047] [0.025] [0.052] [0.034] [0.042]
humid3 0.016 0.214 -0.088 0.208* 0.426 0.143 0.007
[0.031] [0.019] [0.036] [0.014] [0.036] [0.023] [0.026]
- -
humid4 -0.15 -0.096 -0.430* -0.346** -0.086
0.399*** 0.410***
[0.032] [0.022] [0.034] [0.016] [0.041] [0.029] [0.029]
-
temp1 -0.024 -0.671** 0.083 -0.157 -0.551* 0.152
1.116***
[0.113] [0.060] [0.157] [0.063] [0.113] [0.070] [0.114]
- -
temp2 -0.394 -0.337 -0.339** -0.221 -0.315
0.504*** 0.556***
[0.063] [0.031] [0.084] [0.028] [0.059] [0.038] [0.048]

temp3 -0.059 0.11 -0.101 0.142 -0.011 0.085 -0.199
[0.058] [0.025] [0.067] [0.032] [0.053] [0.028] [0.059]
temp4 0.36 0.573*** 0.256 0.736*** 0.16 0.520** 0.147
[0.048] [0.021] [0.059] [0.022] [0.044] [0.024] [0.047]
temp5 0.221 0.503*** 0.204 0.641*** 0.267 0.535*** 0.307
[0.050] [0.024] [0.057] [0.025] [0.057] [0.029] [0.055]
goldm -0.172 0.046 -0.182 0.058 -0.22 0.002 -0.175
[0.044] [0.014] [0.049] [0.010] [0.039] [0.017] [0.033]
- - -
iron -0.166 -0.172 -0.114 -0.088
0.477*** 0.432*** 0.524***
[0.118] [0.061] [0.137] [0.044] [0.088] [0.084] [0.124]

silv 0.084 -0.069** 0.042 -0.039 0.21 -0.094** 0.076
[0.073] [0.017] [0.082] [0.015] [0.075] [0.024] [0.062]
zinc 0.119 0.115 0.126 0.029 -0.086 0.166 0.144
[0.113] [0.041] [0.138] [0.046] [0.081] [0.059] [0.109]

oilres 0.082 0.063*** 0.079 0.059*** 0.121 0.072*** 0.08
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.038 -0.074**
mar
[0.443] [0.186]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.217** -0.163
malaria
[0.036] [0.042]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.316*
in
tropical
zones
[0.714]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 28.558 196.65 68.564 58.269 60.213 56.451 58.443 82.114 58.245
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.001 0 0.002 0.106 0.021 0.188 0.03 0.002 0.031
Pagan)
nr2 25.674 62.064 47.545 40.227 43.939 32.668 48.699 46.825 44.677
nr2p 0.004 0 0.138 0.712 0.308 0.956 0.163 0.521 0.282
-10 -11 -12
0.300*** 0.300*** 0.299***

[0.015] [0.014] [0.016]
0.244** 0.266** 0.281**
d
[0.012] [0.013] [0.013]
0.434*** 0.435*** 0.425***
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.216** 0.091 0.158*
[0.114] [0.063] [0.095]

0.588*** 0.464*** 0.540***
[0.247] [0.240] [0.225]
0.023 0.173
[0.077] [0.093]
0.128** 0.111*
[0.049] [0.052]
0.213* 0.229**
[0.071] [0.070]
0.091 0.109
[0.107] [0.118]
-0.293 -0.091 -0.208
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.1 -0.024 0.075
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
0.204 0.103 0.238
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.288 -0.13 -0.267
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
-0.876 -0.548 -0.675
[0.022] [0.023] [0.023]
0.271 0.341 0.209
[0.007] [0.008] [0.009]
0 -0.108 -0.05
[0.009] [0.010] [0.010]
0.223 0.05 0.096
[0.009] [0.010] [0.009]
0.463** 0.282** 0.496***
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
- - -
0.181*** 0.172*** 0.180***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.292*** 0.255* 0.227
[0.012] [0.016] [0.017]
0.147 0.093 0.049
[0.012] [0.012] [0.011]
-0.355** -0.247 -0.231
[0.015] [0.016] [0.018]
-0.015 -0.011 -0.016
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.287***
[0.071]
-0.305 -0.366*
[0.117] [0.132]
0.745 0.751 0.745
65 65 65
0.376 0.219 0.338
0.147 0.136 0.155
35.531 25.151 33.251
0.909 0.968 0.948
46.416 24.826 29.526
0.538 0.971 0.983
521.578 218.568 430.538
0 0 0
0.027 0.219 0.157

0.034 0.128 0.074
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12

A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
0.053 0.091 -0.597
[31.678] [78.172] [23.029]
-0.16 -0.078 0.618

[23.177] [58.018] [16.800]
0.375*** 0.407*** 0.246***
[0.031] [0.062] [0.024]
0.182*** 0.201 0.163***
[0.002] [0.011] [0.002]
0.326*** 0.058 0.240***
[0.179] [0.581] [0.189]

0.145* 0.064 0.102**
[0.589] [1.801] [0.355]
0.282*** 0.329***
[0.183] [0.261]
- -
0.178*** 0.199***
[0.128] [0.149]
0.200** 0.106
[0.355] [0.392]
0.189*** -0.027
[0.423] [0.420]
0.092 0.378* -0.216**
[0.012] [0.026] [0.010]
0.164* -0.037 0.430***
[0.021] [0.045] [0.017]
0.111 -0.383 0.324***
[0.013] [0.029] [0.010]
-
-0.234** 0.194
0.341***
[0.015] [0.033] [0.010]
-0.304 -0.36 -0.232*
[0.042] [0.085] [0.028]
-
0.227 0.002
0.328***
[0.020] [0.061] [0.018]

-0.013 -0.167 0.016
[0.020] [0.052] [0.015]
0.292* 0.305 0.232**
[0.016] [0.039] [0.012]
0.413*** 0.240* 0.118*
[0.018] [0.036] [0.016]
0.054 -0.089 -0.03
[0.015] [0.032] [0.008]
-
0.014 0.328***
0.231***
[0.048] [0.078] [0.051]

-0.044* 0.158* 0.231***
[0.014] [0.046] [0.015]
-
0.032 -0.016
0.322***
[0.025] [0.086] [0.038]

0.048*** 0.055 0.004
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-
0.243***
[0.199]
0.536** 0.258***
[0.774] [0.346]
65 65 65
77.323 57.334 83.418
0.005 0.037 0.001
43.065 46.779 38.141

0.675 0.214 0.845
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 0.367*** 0.275*** 0.281*** 0.283*** 0.282*** 0.281*** 0.298*** 0.318*** 0.238***
[0.034] [0.021] [0.016] [0.018] [0.016] [0.016] [0.017] [0.018] [0.019]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.177 0.204* 0.209* 0.207* 0.228** 0.231** 0.229** 0.213** 0.235*
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.013] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.011] [0.012] [0.011] [0.013]
Hosftede
individua 0.266*** 0.261** 0.377*** 0.400*** 0.413*** 0.433*** 0.360*** 0.449*** 0.390***
lism
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.001]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.044 0.06 0.146** 0.260*** 0.166** 0.274*** 0.103 0.263*** 0.162**
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.071] [0.067] [0.072] [0.108] [0.073] [0.112] [0.076] [0.102] [0.083]
Latitud 0.281*** 0.288** 0.310* 0.342** 0.276 0.309** 0.293 0.288* 0.382*
[0.143] [0.163] [0.248] [0.218] [0.228] [0.197] [0.246] [0.215] [0.292]
continent
0.049 0.193 0.191 0.193
==2
[0.050] [0.078] [0.081] [0.076]
continent
0.021 0.069 0.081 -0.081
==3
[0.044] [0.053] [0.054] [0.069]
continent
0.032 0.273** 0.273** 0.306***
==4
[0.034] [0.077] [0.076] [0.074]
continent
0.068 0.096 0.093 0.081
==5
[0.076] [0.117] [0.112] [0.112]
humid1 -0.123 -0.266 -0.156 -0.296* -0.136 -0.349* -0.169
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004]
humid2 0.03 0.131 0.053 0.153 0.035 0.163 0.065
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
humid3 0.195 0.344* 0.166 0.312* 0.188 0.365* 0.21
[0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
humid4 -0.188 -0.348* -0.16 -0.315* -0.194 -0.411** -0.222
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
temp1 -0.638 -0.73 -0.867 -0.969* -0.704 -0.788 -0.703
[0.021] [0.020] [0.021] [0.020] [0.020] [0.019] [0.021]
temp2 0.301 0.204 0.351 0.248 0.263 0.171 0.29
[0.008] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007]
temp3 -0.052 -0.02 -0.012 0.024 -0.028 -0.013 -0.03
[0.009] [0.009] [0.008] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.009]
temp4 0.027 -0.008 0.155 0.135 0.099 0.011 0.11
[0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.009]
temp5 0.330** 0.570*** 0.376*** 0.616*** 0.321** 0.554*** 0.316**
[0.006] [0.009] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.009] [0.006]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.177*** 0.188*** 0.182*** 0.195*** 0.159*** 0.143*** 0.176***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

iron 0.330*** 0.345*** 0.330*** 0.347*** 0.312** 0.330*** 0.319***
[0.015] [0.014] [0.014] [0.013] [0.015] [0.014] [0.014]
silv 0.197* 0.166 0.225* 0.193* 0.186* 0.154 0.207*
[0.010] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011]
-
zinc -0.389** -0.433** -0.437** -0.362** -0.454** -0.385**
0.479***
[0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016] [0.017] [0.016]

oilres 0.023 0.014 0.02 0.011 0.025 0.012 0.015
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.095 -0.098
mar
[0.085] [0.078]
EcologÃ
a de la 0.098** 0.203***
malaria
[0.003] [0.005]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.084
in
tropical
zones
[0.077]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.725 0.72 0.748 0.746 0.752 0.75 0.75 0.756 0.745
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
p(OID) 0.132 0.155 0.404 0.277 0.244 0.256 0.332 0.497 0.306
p(UID) 0.266 0.01 0.176 0.138 0.244 0.203 0.21 0.102 0.04
Pagan-
10.094 16.295 21.147 27.98 24.099 29.222 21.732 26.957 22.708
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.432 0.572 0.988 0.983 0.978 0.985 0.992 0.994 0.987
Hall)
Pagan-
15.763 26.932 25.965 31.29 31.341 35.003 27.863 30.907 28.383
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.107 0.08 0.931 0.952 0.835 0.919 0.926 0.974 0.915
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 14.221 47.672 141.567 388.318 229.472 519.832 145.321 531.808 280.663
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.027 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.406 0.177 0.448 0.239 0.338 0.054 0.404
p(temp) 0.099 0.037 0.033 0.01 0.047 0.006 0.072
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
gendiv 4.355 0.706 6.686** 7.343 7.043** 6.927 4.018 6.254 3.141
[110.289 [118.281
[81.232] [34.233] [51.083] [90.447] [54.044] [65.775] [37.066]
] ]
gendiv_s
-4.521 -0.735 -6.743** -7.681 -7.101** -7.229 -4.106 -6.419 -3.083
q
[60.374] [26.778] [38.650] [67.811] [40.903] [83.273] [49.836] [90.113] [27.205]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.421*** 0.404*** 0.361*** 0.348** 0.349** 0.355** 0.302** 0.487*** 0.501***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.060] [0.037] [0.053] [0.055] [0.055] [0.062] [0.059] [0.057] [0.027]
Hosftede
individua 0.409** 0.271*** 0.232 0.299* 0.202 0.216 0.281 0.01 0.143*
lism
[0.007] [0.004] [0.009] [0.007] [0.009] [0.009] [0.009] [0.008] [0.004]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.12 0.274*** 0.118 0.076 0.113 0.064 0.245* 0.081 0.107*
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.507] [0.265] [0.439] [0.419] [0.476] [0.468] [0.521] [0.555] [0.252]
Latitud -0.063 0.127 0.235 0.334** 0.25 0.399* 0.205 0.308 0.791***
[1.050] [0.599] [0.853] [0.784] [1.038] [1.038] [1.125] [1.130] [0.612]
continent
0.002 -0.077 -0.15 -0.244
==2
[0.207] [0.592] [0.645] [0.611]
continent
-0.109 0.123 0.113 0.424*
==3
[0.285] [0.699] [0.790] [0.753]
continent
0.206 -0.215 -0.232 -0.211
==4
[0.377] [0.920] [0.966] [1.139]
continent
-0.655 -0.191 -0.219 -0.304
==5
[2.661] [1.374] [1.550] [1.752]
humid1 0.204 -0.106 0.227 0.018 0.347 0.31 0.131
[0.021] [0.031] [0.024] [0.034] [0.023] [0.031] [0.015]
humid2 -0.018 0.338 -0.025 0.288 -0.103 0.041 0.002
[0.041] [0.057] [0.046] [0.063] [0.045] [0.059] [0.026]
humid3 -0.362 -0.055 -0.355 -0.1 -0.407 -0.276 -0.427**
[0.021] [0.031] [0.023] [0.033] [0.021] [0.033] [0.016]
humid4 0.17 -0.203 0.156 -0.198 0.203 0.158 0.025
[0.027] [0.045] [0.031] [0.046] [0.027] [0.042] [0.015]
temp1 0.287 -0.464 0.476 -0.087 0.853 -0.194 0.037
[0.162] [0.102] [0.209] [0.142] [0.154] [0.104] [0.069]
temp2 0.349 0.266 0.285 0.114 0.252 -0.013 0.278*
[0.041] [0.038] [0.049] [0.043] [0.048] [0.056] [0.021]
temp3 -0.245 -0.106 -0.259 -0.111 -0.382 -0.008 -0.095
[0.057] [0.044] [0.071] [0.057] [0.062] [0.069] [0.024]
temp4 -0.212 0.246 -0.312 0.098 -0.728 0.408 0.396
[0.059] [0.034] [0.074] [0.045] [0.062] [0.047] [0.023]
temp5 -0.234 0.057 -0.288 -0.072 -0.108 -0.111 -0.387**
[0.040] [0.055] [0.045] [0.059] [0.044] [0.049] [0.031]
goldm 0.621*** 0.229** 0.679*** 0.270* 0.440*** 0.075 0.125***
[0.024] [0.019] [0.029] [0.025] [0.022] [0.023] [0.007]
iron -0.051 -0.004 -0.041 0.035 -0.029 0.248 0.054
[0.062] [0.115] [0.072] [0.129] [0.070] [0.131] [0.029]
silv 0.121 -0.003 0.134 -0.011 0.069 0.023 0.028
[0.044] [0.056] [0.048] [0.062] [0.081] [0.042] [0.018]
zinc -0.42 -0.034 -0.463 -0.061 -0.348 -0.172 0.019
[0.108] [0.087] [0.118] [0.095] [0.126] [0.084] [0.037]
-
oilres -0.143 -0.109* -0.126 -0.078 -0.067 -0.085
0.084***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.042 0.066
mar
[0.345] [0.360]
EcologÃ
- -
a de la
0.251*** 0.408***
malaria
[0.024] [0.028]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.584***
in
tropical
zones
[0.289]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 14.961 296.84 36.222 36.373 30.977 32.997 36.867 39.704 113.891
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.133 0 0.552 0.844 0.846 0.951 0.612 0.797 0
Pagan)
nr2 12.888 62.653 32.363 34.005 28.92 43.917 33.967 38.223 40.48
nr2p 0.23 0 0.727 0.905 0.903 0.641 0.738 0.843 0.449
-10 -11 -12
0.261*** 0.261*** 0.290***

[0.020] [0.016] [0.018]
0.224** 0.247* 0.253**
d
[0.012] [0.014] [0.013]
0.404*** 0.394*** 0.384***
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
0.269*** 0.137** 0.241***
[0.111] [0.064] [0.094]

0.405* 0.397** 0.451**
[0.295] [0.273] [0.257]
0.184 0.282*
[0.077] [0.095]
0.078 0.09
[0.050] [0.056]
0.271** 0.279**
[0.078] [0.080]
0.098 0.112
[0.117] [0.131]
-0.306 -0.149 -0.338
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
0.162 0.068 0.206
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
0.360* 0.227 0.441*
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
-0.375* -0.216 -0.424**
[0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
-0.792 -0.633 -0.753
[0.020] [0.021] [0.020]
0.18 0.201 0.069
[0.007] [0.009] [0.008]
0.008 -0.024 0.041
[0.009] [0.010] [0.009]
0.072 0.108 0.104
[0.008] [0.009] [0.008]
0.559*** 0.315** 0.562***
[0.009] [0.006] [0.009]
- - -
0.188*** 0.179*** 0.190***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

0.330*** 0.279* 0.259*
[0.014] [0.017] [0.018]
0.175 0.17 0.128
[0.010] [0.011] [0.010]
-0.427** -0.344* -0.339
[0.017] [0.017] [0.019]

0.009 0.016 0.003
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.074
[0.081]
-0.154 -0.254
[0.116] [0.130]
0.742 0.747 0.749
65 65 65
0.234 0.333 0.146
0.064 0.139 0.121
31.39 25.242 31.662
0.969 0.967 0.967
35.849 28.298 29.854
0.902 0.917 0.981
446.33 242.053 458.734
0 0 0
0.163 0.451 0.138

0.03 0.087 0.029
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12

A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
2.163 5.855** 6.324*
[37.123] [47.579] [64.179]
-1.46 -5.823** -6.234*

[28.286] [35.234] [47.330]
0.554*** 0.376*** 0.461***
[0.043] [0.054] [0.046]
0.304*** 0.311* 0.272*
[0.004] [0.007] [0.006]
-0.036 -0.006 -0.047
[0.274] [0.456] [0.509]

0.765*** 0.365** 0.396**
[0.767] [0.785] [0.874]
-0.347 0.104
[0.498] [0.705]
-0.228 -0.008
[0.501] [0.535]
0.459* -0.03
[0.607] [0.849]
0.156 -0.124
[0.692] [0.811]
0.121 0.188 0.011
[0.013] [0.017] [0.024]
0.087 0.096 0.217
[0.025] [0.032] [0.046]
-0.424** -0.307 -0.107
[0.013] [0.018] [0.026]
0.13 0.067 -0.067
[0.017] [0.028] [0.033]
0.218 0.414 -0.208
[0.070] [0.137] [0.094]
0.329* 0.104 0.032
[0.022] [0.051] [0.049]
-0.183 -0.223 -0.029
[0.025] [0.046] [0.050]
0.535* -0.117 0.52
[0.023] [0.047] [0.038]
-0.413* -0.256 -0.284
[0.035] [0.034] [0.057]
0 0.469*** 0.218**
[0.007] [0.018] [0.017]
0.014 -0.133 0.124
[0.067] [0.043] [0.123]
-0.074 0.005 -0.014
[0.034] [0.029] [0.038]
0.143 -0.14 -0.012
[0.057] [0.078] [0.083]
- -
-0.127**
0.067*** 0.144***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.415***
[0.300]
-0.356** -0.580**
[0.434] [0.633]
65 65 65
69.145 46.126 41.813
0.024 0.234 0.723
46.138 44.108 49.019

0.549 0.302 0.432
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A1_8500 0.284*** 0.232** 0.150** 0.136** 0.146** 0.132** 0.129** 0.134** 0.159**
[0.095] [0.099] [0.066] [0.068] [0.070] [0.068] [0.066] [0.068] [0.072]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.372*** 0.354*** 0.418*** 0.343*** 0.420*** 0.343*** 0.411*** 0.349*** 0.417***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.039] [0.039] [0.037] [0.029] [0.037] [0.029] [0.036] [0.030] [0.037]
Hosftede
individua 0.086 0.169* -0.043 -0.011 -0.041 -0.012 -0.042 -0.023 -0.042
lism
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - -
n -0.201**
0.246*** 0.237*** 0.225*** 0.237*** 0.225*** 0.187*** 0.224*** 0.233***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.280] [0.347] [0.293] [0.337] [0.300] [0.339] [0.295] [0.331] [0.334]
Latitud 0.331*** 0.193 0.394*** 0.269** 0.392*** 0.270** 0.414*** 0.274** 0.402***
[0.467] [0.658] [0.609] [0.660] [0.615] [0.654] [0.655] [0.675] [0.734]
continent
0.042 0.092 0.094 0.095
==2
[0.189] [0.217] [0.218] [0.221]
continent - - -
-0.163**
==3 0.250*** 0.251*** 0.228***
[0.248] [0.193] [0.193] [0.224]

continent
-0.055 -0.198** -0.196** -0.202**
==4
[0.232] [0.233] [0.232] [0.237]
continent
-0.057 -0.104* -0.103 -0.101
==5
[0.293] [0.391] [0.390] [0.396]
humid1 0.243 0.274* 0.239 0.278 0.293 0.287* 0.231
[0.012] [0.011] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.011] [0.013]
humid2 0.015 -0.033 0.019 -0.035 0.004 -0.037 0.021
[0.015] [0.016] [0.017] [0.018] [0.015] [0.016] [0.017]
humid3 -0.014 0.004 -0.013 0.003 -0.061 -0.01 -0.006
[0.015] [0.012] [0.015] [0.012] [0.015] [0.013] [0.015]
humid4 -0.073 -0.082 -0.072 -0.082 -0.043 -0.069 -0.08
[0.016] [0.015] [0.016] [0.015] [0.015] [0.016] [0.018]
temp1 0.275 0.39 0.253 0.398 0.307 0.388 0.276
[0.071] [0.073] [0.073] [0.075] [0.071] [0.074] [0.072]
- -
temp2 -0.169 -0.474** -0.169 -0.435** -0.161
0.479*** 0.488***
[0.023] [0.023] [0.024] [0.024] [0.023] [0.023] [0.021]

temp3 0.195 0.136 0.199 0.134 0.171 0.133 0.199
[0.031] [0.030] [0.030] [0.029] [0.031] [0.030] [0.031]
temp4 0.251 0.073 0.264 0.068 0.215 0.075 0.254
[0.031] [0.030] [0.031] [0.029] [0.031] [0.030] [0.031]
- - -
temp5 -0.133 -0.13 -0.11 -0.135
0.341*** 0.342*** 0.332***
[0.019] [0.020] [0.020] [0.021] [0.019] [0.020] [0.018]

goldm 0.080* 0.090** 0.080* 0.091** 0.068 0.086** 0.079*
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.008]
iron -0.081 -0.032 -0.082 -0.031 -0.055 -0.028 -0.085
[0.026] [0.029] [0.026] [0.029] [0.028] [0.030] [0.025]
silv -0.051 0.014 -0.048 0.012 -0.043 0.015 -0.05
[0.037] [0.028] [0.038] [0.030] [0.036] [0.029] [0.038]
zinc 0.148 0.134 0.145 0.136 0.114 0.134 0.147
[0.039] [0.037] [0.040] [0.038] [0.037] [0.037] [0.038]
oilres 0.101*** 0.083*** 0.100*** 0.082*** 0.097*** 0.083*** 0.102***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.008 0.004
mar
[0.183] [0.178]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.033
0.128***
malaria
[0.013] [0.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.012
in
tropical
zones
[0.276]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.762 0.778 0.796 0.837 0.792 0.834 0.807 0.834 0.792
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.388 0.15 0.313 0.255 0.211 0.309 0.325 0.399 0.332
p(UID) 0.083 0.328 0.038 0.048 0.041 0.047 0.045 0.056 0.109
Pagan-
12.934 14.194 24.648 32.412 27.406 32.755 25.247 32.708 29.572
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.227 0.716 0.954 0.935 0.935 0.954 0.967 0.955 0.887
Hall)
Pagan-
17.092 15.426 27.062 27.775 30.015 27.913 24.898 27.84 33.198
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.072 0.633 0.907 0.985 0.875 0.991 0.97 0.991 0.768
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 25.465 54.021 114.836 603.384 104.63 893.929 133.515 562.611 89.599
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.057 0 0.069 0.001 0.019 0.001 0.082
p(temp) 0.01 0.001 0.019 0.002 0.012 0.001 0.001
p(natural 0.002 0 0.006 0.001 0.002 0 0.005
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
gendiv 7.573** 9.961** -2.42 8.102* -2.173 7.007** -5.128 8.255* 0.409
[51.201] [64.511] [47.682] [69.738] [53.405] [54.848] [52.186] [77.154] [81.837]
-
gendiv_s
-8.070** 10.712** 2.506 -7.918* 2.252 -6.738* 5.258 -8.143* -0.365
q
*
[38.526] [48.514] [36.076] [50.861] [40.352] [40.249] [39.587] [56.626] [62.527]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.115 0.042 0.319*** 0.229** 0.302** 0.195* 0.365*** 0.278** 0.256
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.065] [0.067] [0.038] [0.038] [0.042] [0.038] [0.046] [0.046] [0.056]
Hosftede
individua 0.24 0.266 -0.17 -0.132 -0.126 -0.164 -0.244 -0.191 -0.039
lism
[0.007] [0.008] [0.006] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.007] [0.007] [0.009]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
-
n 0.143 0.205 0.221 -0.334** 0.250* -0.249* 0.19 -0.370*
0.323***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.504] [0.480] [0.427] [0.519] [0.498] [0.484] [0.487] [0.529] [0.756]
Latitud -0.058 -0.258 0.387* 0.134 0.452 0.258 0.424* 0.138 0.374
[0.818] [1.034] [0.999] [1.243] [1.271] [1.243] [1.104] [1.193] [1.322]
continent
0.568*** 0.309* 0.334** 0.29
==2
[0.373] [0.346] [0.301] [0.352]
continent
0.238 -0.06 -0.113 0.115
==3
[0.505] [0.393] [0.331] [0.480]
continent
0.098 0.822** 0.901** 0.722*
==4
[0.755] [0.760] [0.730] [0.790]
continent - -
-0.029 -0.869**
==5 0.832*** 0.886***
[0.956] [1.655] [1.963] [1.634]

humid1 1.184*** 0.553*** 1.249*** 0.694** 1.397*** 0.635** 1.275***
[0.019] [0.012] [0.021] [0.015] [0.022] [0.014] [0.025]
humid2 -0.498** -0.267 -0.521** -0.358* -0.623** -0.291 -0.644**
[0.032] [0.024] [0.033] [0.024] [0.034] [0.028] [0.041]
- - - -
humid3 -0.329* -0.393* -0.432**
0.948*** 1.028*** 1.080*** 1.073***
[0.019] [0.012] [0.020] [0.014] [0.020] [0.014] [0.024]

humid4 0.581*** 0.052 0.609*** 0.079 0.688*** 0.149 0.684**
[0.017] [0.015] [0.018] [0.017] [0.018] [0.016] [0.025]
temp1 -0.186 0.54 0.122 1.167 0.018 0.587 0.141
[0.076] [0.087] [0.108] [0.105] [0.092] [0.086] [0.110]
temp2 1.027*** -0.173 1.162*** -0.222 0.966*** -0.219 1.372**
[0.038] [0.038] [0.042] [0.035] [0.037] [0.041] [0.062]
temp3 -0.350* -0.099 -0.464 -0.264 -0.407* -0.107 -0.483
[0.040] [0.031] [0.054] [0.042] [0.045] [0.035] [0.065]
temp4 0.181 -0.105 -0.057 -0.434 0.142 -0.089 -0.271
[0.036] [0.026] [0.045] [0.032] [0.041] [0.026] [0.050]
temp5 -0.191 -0.177 -0.304 -0.297 -0.169 -0.132 -0.382
[0.029] [0.031] [0.036] [0.033] [0.033] [0.031] [0.040]
- - -
goldm -0.068 -0.204** -0.214** -0.342**
0.287*** 0.360*** 0.263***
[0.013] [0.014] [0.015] [0.013] [0.015] [0.014] [0.024]

iron 0.256 0.751** 0.269 0.946*** 0.301* 0.766** 0.234
[0.061] [0.135] [0.070] [0.122] [0.067] [0.126] [0.091]
silv -0.517** -0.177 -0.485** -0.16 -0.405* -0.188 -0.384*
[0.066] [0.049] [0.064] [0.044] [0.070] [0.045] [0.069]
zinc 0.843** 0.132 0.931*** 0.111 0.786** 0.184 0.819**
[0.100] [0.066] [0.102] [0.053] [0.109] [0.060] [0.107]
- - - - -
oilres -0.158** -0.171*
0.186*** 0.173*** 0.169*** 0.187*** 0.183***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.041 0.048
mar
[0.262] [0.222]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.207**
0.207***
malaria
[0.018] [0.020]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.034
in
tropical
zones
[0.575]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 5.899 8.25 68.942 57.271 53.452 50.21 73.469 51.822 35.355
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.824 0.975 0.002 0.123 0.076 0.386 0.001 0.327 0.679
Pagan)
nr2 7.271 13.336 49.757 45.636 47.883 40.072 52.567 46.017 38.086
nr2p 0.7 0.771 0.096 0.487 0.183 0.785 0.088 0.554 0.557
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.146** 0.163*** 0.144**

[0.068] [0.065] [0.068]
0.328*** 0.386*** 0.317***
d
[0.030] [0.038] [0.029]
-0.001 -0.046 0
[0.005] [0.004] [0.005]
- -
-0.219**
0.241*** 0.229***
[0.325] [0.302] [0.348]

0.175 0.322** 0.22
[0.762] [0.662] [0.704]
0.101 0.048
[0.214] [0.223]
- -
0.270*** 0.257***
[0.202] [0.198]
-0.199** -0.202**
[0.221] [0.230]
-0.107* -0.113*
[0.387] [0.385]
0.346** 0.235 0.284*
[0.012] [0.012] [0.010]
-0.084 -0.003 -0.053
[0.016] [0.015] [0.015]
-0.027 -0.017 -0.019
[0.013] [0.014] [0.012]
-0.037 -0.062 -0.059
[0.015] [0.016] [0.015]
0.457 0.294 0.411
[0.074] [0.072] [0.072]
-0.096 -0.390* -0.119
[0.024] [0.026] [0.024]

0.082 0.165 0.11
[0.030] [0.031] [0.028]
-0.043 0.164 0.017
[0.030] [0.031] [0.029]
- -
-0.123
0.312*** 0.338***
[0.020] [0.019] [0.020]

0.087** 0.076* 0.087**
[0.006] [0.008] [0.006]
-0.006 -0.043 0.003
[0.029] [0.031] [0.031]
-0.001 -0.023 0.034
[0.030] [0.038] [0.029]
0.123 0.107 0.091
[0.037] [0.042] [0.040]
0.089*** 0.107*** 0.089***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.13
[0.246]
0.134 0.111
[0.275] [0.256]
0.837 0.795 0.835
68 68 68
0.459 0.321 0.506
0.053 0.05 0.066
35.549 24.274 34.031
0.908 0.976 0.936
30.215 28.509 31.281
0.979 0.913 0.97
468.727 95.598 847.023
0 0 0
0 0.096 0.001
0.004 0.064 0.003
0 0.001 0
-10 -11 -12

A1_8500 A1_8500 A1_8500
10.840** -1.214 8.834

[74.838] [48.704] [89.605]
-
1.261 -8.6
10.539**
[54.930] [36.749] [65.096]

0.229* 0.229** 0.239**
[0.043] [0.041] [0.042]
-0.107 -0.166 -0.141
[0.006] [0.006] [0.007]
0.246 -0.304** 0.218
[0.550] [0.440] [0.549]

0.065 0.187 0.092
[1.250] [0.988] [1.329]
0.286 0.306
[0.364] [0.586]
-0.053 -0.064
[0.432] [0.430]
1.039** 0.885**
[0.878] [0.864]
-
-0.920**
1.045***
[1.928] [1.940]
0.516** 1.120*** 0.540**
[0.014] [0.019] [0.014]
-0.257 -0.559** -0.287
[0.027] [0.034] [0.028]
-
-0.222 -0.293
0.946***
[0.013] [0.020] [0.015]

-0.007 0.615*** 0.038
[0.016] [0.019] [0.016]
0.666 -0.114 0.712
[0.096] [0.079] [0.108]
-0.229 1.152*** -0.281
[0.048] [0.041] [0.046]
-0.11 -0.430* -0.122
[0.039] [0.045] [0.034]
-0.275 -0.002 -0.215
[0.031] [0.038] [0.031]
-0.124 -0.127 -0.171
[0.027] [0.033] [0.036]
-
-0.058 -0.263**
0.387***
[0.017] [0.014] [0.018]

0.944** 0.252* 0.818*
[0.140] [0.054] [0.169]
-0.196 -0.459** -0.183
[0.057] [0.063] [0.057]
0.104 0.825*** 0.14
[0.068] [0.090] [0.080]
-
-0.160** -0.165**
0.142***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.1
[0.478]
0.323* -0.025
[0.371] [0.482]
68 68 68
48.875 55.529 57.218
0.438 0.052 0.17
47.643 45.494 46.049

0.487 0.254 0.553
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A2_8500 0.168 0.164 0.527*** 0.529*** 0.533*** 0.535*** 0.531*** 0.528*** 0.524***
[0.190] [0.112] [0.060] [0.048] [0.057] [0.048] [0.058] [0.048] [0.058]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.399** 0.315*** 0.258*** 0.163*** 0.259*** 0.164*** 0.242*** 0.166*** 0.262***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.064] [0.048] [0.034] [0.025] [0.033] [0.024] [0.033] [0.026] [0.033]
Hosftede
- - -
individua 0.068 0.178* -0.119 -0.201** -0.108 -0.125
0.220*** 0.215*** 0.219***
lism
[0.005] [0.005] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - -
n -0.148*
0.260*** 0.280*** 0.234*** 0.273*** 0.232*** 0.215*** 0.234*** 0.265***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.305] [0.325] [0.305] [0.284] [0.315] [0.286] [0.285] [0.281] [0.371]
Latitud 0.183 0.11 0.228** 0.132 0.209** 0.118 0.250** 0.135 0.276**
[0.587] [0.611] [0.543] [0.575] [0.543] [0.561] [0.591] [0.577] [0.619]
continent
0.069 -0.029 -0.033 -0.028
==2
[0.217] [0.188] [0.181] [0.189]
continent - - -
-0.199**
==3 0.314*** 0.311*** 0.302***
[0.269] [0.173] [0.172] [0.193]

continent
0.046 -0.191** -0.194** -0.194**
==4
[0.187] [0.186] [0.181] [0.191]
continent - - -
-0.047
==5 0.135*** 0.137*** 0.134***
[0.316] [0.307] [0.300] [0.307]

humid1 0.316** 0.370*** 0.268* 0.339** 0.362*** 0.377*** 0.272**
[0.009] [0.008] [0.009] [0.009] [0.008] [0.008] [0.009]
humid2 -0.039 -0.093 -0.006 -0.071 -0.049 -0.095 -0.009
[0.012] [0.013] [0.013] [0.014] [0.012] [0.013] [0.013]
humid3 -0.093 -0.111 -0.081 -0.105 -0.14 -0.118 -0.071
[0.011] [0.009] [0.011] [0.009] [0.012] [0.009] [0.012]
humid4 0.026 0.031 0.024 0.034 0.056 0.039 -0.004
[0.013] [0.012] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.016]
temp1 0.372 0.542* 0.24 0.448 0.427 0.541* 0.344
[0.046] [0.046] [0.051] [0.049] [0.046] [0.046] [0.048]
- - - -
temp2 -0.266* -0.25 -0.262*
0.503*** 0.479*** 0.460*** 0.537***
[0.018] [0.018] [0.020] [0.019] [0.017] [0.019] [0.017]

temp3 0.276*** 0.208** 0.308*** 0.231*** 0.249*** 0.206** 0.303***
[0.021] [0.018] [0.021] [0.018] [0.021] [0.018] [0.022]
temp4 0.285 0.107 0.359 0.164 0.227 0.108 0.335
[0.019] [0.017] [0.019] [0.017] [0.019] [0.017] [0.020]
- - - -
temp5 -0.206** -0.182* -0.176**
0.429*** 0.414*** 0.423*** 0.224***
[0.016] [0.017] [0.017] [0.018] [0.015] [0.017] [0.014]

goldm 0.226*** 0.235*** 0.223*** 0.233*** 0.209*** 0.232*** 0.227***
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
-
iron -0.119** -0.056 -0.123** -0.059 -0.089* -0.053
0.131***
[0.023] [0.023] [0.022] [0.021] [0.023] [0.023] [0.022]

silv -0.003 0.053 0.017 0.068 0.007 0.054 0.006
[0.033] [0.020] [0.032] [0.019] [0.031] [0.020] [0.033]
zinc 0.122 0.055 0.097 0.038 0.078 0.055 0.125
[0.036] [0.028] [0.035] [0.027] [0.032] [0.028] [0.035]
oilres 0.057** 0.042** 0.054* 0.040* 0.057** 0.042** 0.053*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.054 -0.038
mar
[0.139] [0.118]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.019
0.155***
malaria
[0.012] [0.015]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.07
in
tropical
zones
[0.268]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.771 0.789 0.845 0.904 0.845 0.903 0.863 0.902 0.843
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.124 0.131 0.322 0.024 0.364 0.096 0.27 0.024 0.23
p(UID) 0.661 0.008 0.052 0.016 0.055 0.027 0.062 0.019 0.039
Pagan-
16.723 22.141 26.126 27.163 26.525 25.28 21.388 31.855 26.922
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.081 0.226 0.928 0.988 0.95 0.997 0.993 0.965 0.943
Hall)
Pagan-
16.989 21.481 29.87 27.054 32.158 27.544 22.562 32.631 32.322
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.075 0.256 0.824 0.988 0.807 0.992 0.988 0.956 0.801
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 37.298 40.959 321.082 652.977 307.66 1159.566 279.668 624.032 271.523
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.005 0 0.013 0 0 0 0.013
p(temp) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(natural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
gendiv 3.904 3.874 -3.662* 0.221 -3.629** 0.211 -3.679* 0.171 -3.407
[64.626] [67.344] [53.110] [6.838] [47.870] [11.770] [53.755] [7.484] [55.637]
gendiv_s
-3.907 -3.794 3.626* -0.249 3.592** -0.265 3.654* -0.193 3.39
q
[48.018] [48.892] [39.526] [5.202] [35.577] [8.913] [39.995] [5.671] [41.386]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.411*** 0.385*** 0.360*** 0.373*** 0.324*** 0.378*** 0.365*** 0.377*** 0.365***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.063] [0.035] [0.041] [0.009] [0.039] [0.013] [0.041] [0.008] [0.042]
Hosftede
individua 0.236*** 0.258*** 0.379*** 0.212*** 0.350*** 0.206*** 0.387*** 0.192*** 0.370***
lism
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.001] [0.006] [0.001] [0.006] [0.001] [0.006]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.079 -0.018 0.043 0.092*** 0.006 0.099*** 0.038 0.087*** -0.014
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.542] [0.361] [0.469] [0.075] [0.447] [0.128] [0.483] [0.076] [0.528]
Latitud 0.233* 0.054 0.366*** 0.294*** 0.378*** 0.317*** 0.360*** 0.297*** 0.221
[0.947] [0.728] [1.010] [0.102] [0.963] [0.151] [1.006] [0.089] [1.224]
continent
0.339*** 0.315*** 0.305*** 0.320***
==2
[0.178] [0.059] [0.101] [0.055]
continent
0.051 0.087*** 0.093*** 0.117***
==3
[0.257] [0.068] [0.106] [0.072]
continent
0.216 0.122*** 0.116** 0.112***
==4
[0.615] [0.109] [0.187] [0.103]
continent
0.099 0.149*** 0.167*** 0.148***
==5
[1.794] [0.125] [0.203] [0.116]
- -
humid1 0.157 0.233* -0.086** 0.136 0.268*
0.128*** 0.105***
[0.013] [0.002] [0.013] [0.003] [0.014] [0.002] [0.016]

humid2 -0.095 0.128*** -0.156 0.095*** -0.064 0.121*** -0.167
[0.021] [0.003] [0.022] [0.005] [0.023] [0.003] [0.024]
humid3 0.037 0.213*** 0.047 0.210*** 0.056 0.192*** -0.016
[0.013] [0.002] [0.013] [0.003] [0.014] [0.002] [0.015]
- - -
humid4 -0.065 -0.085 -0.086 0.016
0.271*** 0.279*** 0.248***
[0.016] [0.002] [0.015] [0.003] [0.016] [0.002] [0.018]
- - -
temp1 -0.403 -0.219 -0.439 -0.312
0.479*** 0.416*** 0.468***
[0.079] [0.014] [0.079] [0.023] [0.081] [0.013] [0.079]

temp2 0.276 0.245*** 0.205 0.229*** 0.286 0.260*** 0.348*
[0.038] [0.004] [0.038] [0.007] [0.038] [0.004] [0.036]
- - -
temp3 -0.230** -0.272** -0.218* -0.300**
0.132*** 0.154*** 0.137***
[0.035] [0.005] [0.035] [0.008] [0.036] [0.005] [0.041]

temp4 -0.008 -0.001 -0.083 -0.065 0.003 -0.005 -0.126
[0.032] [0.005] [0.030] [0.009] [0.032] [0.005] [0.031]
temp5 0.275** 0.271*** 0.228* 0.288*** 0.290** 0.275*** 0.291**
[0.031] [0.006] [0.031] [0.010] [0.033] [0.005] [0.030]
- - - - - - -
goldm
0.535*** 0.233*** 0.477*** 0.233*** 0.534*** 0.238*** 0.562***
[0.023] [0.003] [0.017] [0.004] [0.024] [0.004] [0.022]

iron 0.068 -0.019 0.09 -0.065** 0.075 -0.005 0.075
[0.060] [0.011] [0.054] [0.018] [0.064] [0.010] [0.059]
- - -
silv -0.124 -0.199** -0.111 -0.178*
0.110*** 0.135*** 0.105***
[0.049] [0.005] [0.046] [0.010] [0.051] [0.005] [0.053]

zinc 0.308** 0.193*** 0.357*** 0.237*** 0.289* 0.192*** 0.368**
[0.073] [0.012] [0.068] [0.021] [0.077] [0.012] [0.074]
oilres -0.005 0.025*** 0.006 0.030*** -0.004 0.026*** 0.01
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.109*** 0.050***
mar
[0.178] [0.056]
EcologÃ
-
a de la 0
0.051***
malaria
[0.020] [0.002]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.167
in
tropical
zones
[0.454]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 13.267 165.697 33.593 43.977 35.151 44.19 35.458 51.748 33.213
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.209 0 0.673 0.557 0.688 0.63 0.675 0.33 0.768
Pagan)
nr2 14.204 62.656 38.808 44.488 42.205 41.344 42.121 50.401 41.371
nr2p 0.164 0 0.433 0.536 0.376 0.74 0.379 0.379 0.411
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.531*** 0.516*** 0.574***

[0.048] [0.063] [0.050]
0.152** 0.274*** 0.155**
d
[0.027] [0.035] [0.025]
-
-0.112 -0.132*
0.214***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
- - -
0.244*** 0.283*** 0.240***
[0.288] [0.310] [0.303]

0.065 0.261** 0.137
[0.603] [0.569] [0.599]
-0.021 -0.03
[0.186] [0.192]
- -
0.331*** 0.315***
[0.183] [0.176]
-0.189** -0.195**
[0.184] [0.190]
- -
0.137*** 0.138***
[0.304] [0.313]
0.423*** 0.317** 0.371***
[0.009] [0.009] [0.008]
-0.129 -0.03 -0.092
[0.014] [0.012] [0.013]
-0.134 -0.089 -0.111
[0.010] [0.011] [0.009]
0.062 0.019 0.034
[0.013] [0.013] [0.012]
0.587* 0.363 0.555*
[0.048] [0.046] [0.045]
-
-0.213 -0.297**
0.539***
[0.021] [0.023] [0.019]

0.170* 0.287*** 0.224***
[0.020] [0.022] [0.018]
0.027 0.318 0.127
[0.018] [0.020] [0.017]
- -
-0.208**
0.407*** 0.439***
[0.017] [0.016] [0.018]

0.234*** 0.225*** 0.246***
[0.006] [0.008] [0.007]
-0.037 -0.134** -0.071
[0.025] [0.030] [0.029]

0.043 -0.016 0.05
[0.022] [0.035] [0.021]
0.047 0.139 0.063
[0.028] [0.039] [0.032]
0.045** 0.055** 0.039*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.092
[0.247]
-0.055 -0.039
[0.257] [0.267]
0.904 0.842 0.901
68 68 68
0.028 0.185 0.027
0.03 0.155 0.055
26.193 26.632 29.085
0.996 0.948 0.986
21.952 30.114 28.742
1 0.872 0.988
1099.553 224.568 862.421
0 0 0
0 0.005 0
0 0.001 0
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12
A2_8500 A2_8500 A2_8500
0.148 -2.899* -1.768

[4.483] [41.127] [34.265]
-0.16 2.868* 1.687
[3.389] [30.186] [25.389]
0.365*** 0.264*** 0.325***
[0.006] [0.037] [0.051]
0.209*** 0.371*** 0.190***
[0.000] [0.006] [0.004]
0.078*** 0.026 -0.06
[0.053] [0.368] [0.412]

0.254*** 0.098 0.094
[0.084] [0.848] [0.711]
0.324*** 0.349***
[0.039] [0.240]
0.074*** 0.06
[0.049] [0.292]
0.123*** -0.107
[0.074] [0.481]
0.138*** -0.086
[0.084] [0.734]
-
0.071 -0.027
0.095***
[0.001] [0.012] [0.008]

0.107*** -0.071 0.07
[0.002] [0.020] [0.014]
0.196*** 0.05 0.083
[0.002] [0.013] [0.010]
-
-0.064 -0.115
0.247***
[0.002] [0.014] [0.012]
-
-0.129 -0.236
0.430***
[0.008] [0.060] [0.054]

0.274*** 0.394** 0.444***
[0.004] [0.033] [0.022]
- - -
0.152*** 0.310*** 0.214***
[0.003] [0.029] [0.023]

-0.046 -0.296 -0.125
[0.003] [0.026] [0.019]
0.256*** 0.188** 0.098
[0.004] [0.022] [0.024]
- - -
0.234*** 0.472*** 0.343***
[0.002] [0.015] [0.017]

0.011 0.182** 0.409***
[0.008] [0.058] [0.068]
-
-0.112 0.055
0.112***
[0.004] [0.046] [0.034]

0.188*** 0.218 0.029
[0.009] [0.076] [0.056]
0.026*** 0.018 0.017
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-
0.040***
[0.049]
0.348*** 0.167**
[0.357] [0.261]
68 68 68
71.973 71.573 49.826
0.014 0.002 0.401
48.615 39.047 53.011

0.448 0.513 0.287
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A3_8500 0.115 0.190** 0.265*** 0.193*** 0.263*** 0.194*** 0.231*** 0.194*** 0.243***
[0.074] [0.047] [0.038] [0.034] [0.039] [0.034] [0.038] [0.035] [0.040]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.454*** 0.351*** 0.374*** 0.312*** 0.376*** 0.312*** 0.373*** 0.311*** 0.380***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.032] [0.038] [0.037] [0.032] [0.036] [0.032] [0.037] [0.034] [0.036]
Hosftede
individua 0.079 0.157 -0.052 -0.007 -0.043 -0.005 -0.05 -0.006 -0.053
lism
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - -
n -0.147**
0.268*** 0.278*** 0.203*** 0.275*** 0.203*** 0.231*** 0.204*** 0.274***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.295] [0.287] [0.302] [0.279] [0.310] [0.281] [0.292] [0.279] [0.347]
Latitud 0.210** 0.121 0.211 0.141 0.205 0.137 0.251* 0.14 0.237
[0.466] [0.557] [0.694] [0.608] [0.701] [0.597] [0.684] [0.619] [0.787]
continent
0.14 0.170* 0.170* 0.170*
==2
[0.199] [0.215] [0.214] [0.215]
continent - - -
-0.155**
==3 0.245*** 0.245*** 0.247***
[0.214] [0.159] [0.160] [0.201]

continent
0.101 -0.098 -0.098 -0.097
==4
[0.195] [0.226] [0.226] [0.230]
continent
-0.026 -0.071 -0.071 -0.071
==5
[0.312] [0.374] [0.372] [0.374]
humid1 0.172 0.173 0.152 0.165 0.223 0.171 0.175
[0.014] [0.012] [0.014] [0.012] [0.013] [0.013] [0.015]
humid2 0.05 0.03 0.064 0.035 0.037 0.031 0.052
[0.017] [0.017] [0.017] [0.018] [0.017] [0.018] [0.019]
humid3 0.005 0.067 0.01 0.069 -0.037 0.068 0.004
[0.017] [0.015] [0.017] [0.015] [0.017] [0.015] [0.018]
humid4 -0.033 -0.113 -0.034 -0.113 -0.014 -0.114 -0.04
[0.016] [0.016] [0.016] [0.016] [0.015] [0.016] [0.018]
temp1 0.661* 0.668 0.599 0.651 0.637* 0.67 0.616
[0.050] [0.060] [0.053] [0.064] [0.053] [0.060] [0.054]
-
temp2 -0.413** -0.15 -0.402** -0.147 -0.384** -0.151
0.421***
[0.022] [0.024] [0.023] [0.025] [0.022] [0.024] [0.021]

temp3 0.07 0.053 0.084 0.056 0.065 0.052 0.085
[0.024] [0.024] [0.023] [0.024] [0.025] [0.024] [0.026]
temp4 -0.137 -0.236 -0.101 -0.227 -0.117 -0.238 -0.089
[0.022] [0.024] [0.021] [0.024] [0.022] [0.024] [0.023]
- - - - -
temp5 -0.251** -0.228**
0.263*** 0.373*** 0.371*** 0.374*** 0.258***
[0.016] [0.021] [0.017] [0.022] [0.016] [0.021] [0.015]

goldm 0.115** 0.117*** 0.113** 0.116*** 0.101** 0.117*** 0.114**
[0.008] [0.006] [0.009] [0.007] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
-
iron -0.164** -0.088 -0.089 -0.131** -0.089 -0.158**
0.164***
[0.029] [0.030] [0.028] [0.029] [0.028] [0.031] [0.029]

silv -0.002 0.04 0.006 0.043 -0.002 0.04 -0.004
[0.039] [0.029] [0.038] [0.029] [0.037] [0.029] [0.040]
zinc 0.178 0.142 0.167 0.138 0.147 0.142 0.178
[0.043] [0.038] [0.044] [0.038] [0.040] [0.037] [0.043]
oilres 0.088*** 0.065*** 0.087*** 0.065*** 0.087*** 0.065*** 0.086***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.024 -0.008
mar
[0.164] [0.174]
EcologÃ
-
a de la 0.002
0.107***
malaria
[0.010] [0.013]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.015
in
tropical
zones
[0.256]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.779 0.806 0.818 0.864 0.815 0.861 0.826 0.861 0.816
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.066 0.031 0.302 0.28 0.257 0.231 0.255 0.298 0.259
p(UID) 0.09 0.018 0.037 0.112 0.044 0.114 0.041 0.094 0.041
Pagan-
8.7 14.142 30.489 36.602 31.108 37.054 30.293 37.196 33.711
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.561 0.72 0.802 0.838 0.842 0.874 0.867 0.871 0.748
Hall)
Pagan-
7.366 12.353 33.633 32.965 34.288 33.705 34.155 33.516 35.985
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.69 0.828 0.672 0.925 0.725 0.941 0.73 0.944 0.652
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 15.065 39.764 259.788 419.53 321.409 514.861 331.841 462.384 276.344
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.011 0 0.011 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.014
p(temp) 0.018 0.001 0.052 0.002 0.053 0.001 0.004
p(natural 0.001 0 0.003 0.001 0.004 0 0.002
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
12.443**
gendiv 11.564** 0.828 0.144 1.253 0.404 0.007 0.516 -0.09
*
[122.691 [166.800
[83.981] [31.717] [81.169] [35.955] [81.539] [24.501] [97.473]
] ]
-
gendiv_s -
12.448** -0.84 -0.102 -1.316 -0.43 0.097 -0.49 0.116
q 11.763**
*
[121.102
[92.510] [61.520] [23.339] [59.447] [26.344] [60.013] [18.150] [72.213]
]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.13 0.075 0.328*** 0.213*** 0.287*** 0.197*** 0.383*** 0.252*** 0.354***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.124] [0.103] [0.062] [0.018] [0.065] [0.018] [0.063] [0.013] [0.059]
Hosftede
-
individua 0.325* 0.380*** -0.123 -0.038 -0.117 0 -0.250* -0.095
0.124***
lism
[0.014] [0.011] [0.007] [0.002] [0.009] [0.003] [0.011] [0.002] [0.009]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n -0.028 -0.028 0.074 0.088*** 0.086 0.081*** 0.187* 0.070*** 0.004
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.903] [0.997] [0.513] [0.192] [0.578] [0.185] [0.704] [0.134] [0.653]
Latitud 0.082 -0.025 1.087*** 0.733*** 1.129*** 0.704*** 1.125*** 0.747*** 1.101***
[1.816] [1.765] [1.685] [0.503] [1.869] [0.426] [1.547] [0.419] [1.766]
continent - - -
0.064
==2 0.113*** 0.099*** 0.096***
[0.758] [0.108] [0.115] [0.080]
continent - -
-0.002 -0.006
==3 0.189*** 0.162***
[0.988] [0.117] [0.158] [0.074]
continent -
-0.191 -0.081* -0.121**
==4 0.158***
[1.867] [0.175] [0.206] [0.132]

continent
-0.091 0.099*** 0.088*** 0.076***
==5
[2.962] [0.332] [0.344] [0.225]
humid1 1.028*** 0.729*** 1.072*** 0.726*** 1.316*** 0.804*** 1.086***
[0.022] [0.006] [0.023] [0.007] [0.027] [0.005] [0.032]
- - - -
humid2 -0.348** -0.388** -0.499**
0.300*** 0.311*** 0.488*** 0.320***
[0.036] [0.010] [0.038] [0.011] [0.036] [0.007] [0.053]

- - - - - - -
humid3
0.774*** 0.401*** 0.764*** 0.409*** 1.020*** 0.500*** 0.818***
[0.027] [0.006] [0.028] [0.007] [0.029] [0.005] [0.029]

humid4 0.154 0.087** 0.111 0.090** 0.368** 0.194*** 0.263
[0.033] [0.007] [0.037] [0.007] [0.033] [0.005] [0.039]
- - -
temp1 -1.195** -0.984* -0.904** -1.090**
1.751*** 1.800*** 1.785***
[0.132] [0.022] [0.130] [0.032] [0.112] [0.016] [0.132]

temp2 0.01 0.004 -0.081 -0.019 -0.197 0.091** 0.032
[0.060] [0.014] [0.064] [0.019] [0.070] [0.009] [0.087]
temp3 0.252* 0.431*** 0.2 0.435*** 0.183 0.420*** 0.274
[0.049] [0.014] [0.048] [0.015] [0.051] [0.012] [0.086]
temp4 1.575*** 1.756*** 1.465*** 1.784*** 1.683*** 1.798*** 1.568***
[0.050] [0.011] [0.049] [0.014] [0.056] [0.007] [0.061]
temp5 0.290* 0.358*** 0.278 0.379*** 0.271 0.387*** 0.216
[0.051] [0.012] [0.051] [0.016] [0.051] [0.008] [0.055]
goldm 0.102** 0.025* 0.122** 0.027* 0.015 -0.025** 0.035
[0.015] [0.005] [0.017] [0.005] [0.014] [0.003] [0.019]
iron 0.346*** 0.148** 0.354*** 0.137*** 0.531*** 0.233*** 0.224*
[0.094] [0.045] [0.075] [0.038] [0.116] [0.034] [0.099]
- - -
silv -0.216** -0.262** -0.187 -0.19
0.212*** 0.213*** 0.187***
[0.069] [0.016] [0.066] [0.018] [0.077] [0.011] [0.078]

zinc 0.202 0.058 0.212 0.055 0.07 0.028 0.349**
[0.094] [0.034] [0.087] [0.037] [0.106] [0.021] [0.095]
- - -
oilres -0.106* -0.081 -0.103 -0.170*
0.057*** 0.062*** 0.052***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.09 -0.006
mar
[0.315] [0.126]
EcologÃ
- -
a de la
0.288*** 0.258***
malaria
[0.033] [0.006]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.147
in
tropical
zones
[0.912]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 18.71 60.05 38.776 121.821 41.307 103.53 46.594 171.93 28.737
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.044 0 0.435 0 0.413 0 0.219 0 0.907
Pagan)
nr2 22.186 50.608 45.026 31.659 50.456 39.184 46.11 35.046 47.863
nr2p 0.014 0 0.201 0.947 0.124 0.814 0.234 0.918 0.184
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.197*** 0.252*** 0.193***

[0.034] [0.039] [0.034]
0.296*** 0.339*** 0.284***
d
[0.033] [0.038] [0.030]
0.003 -0.059 0.004
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
- - -
0.219*** 0.270*** 0.195***
[0.268] [0.308] [0.285]

0.038 0.127 0.088
[0.713] [0.726] [0.620]
0.184** 0.126
[0.207] [0.224]
- -
0.269*** 0.255***
[0.168] [0.159]
-0.093 -0.098
[0.222] [0.224]
-0.073 -0.079
[0.368] [0.370]
0.25 0.178 0.185
[0.013] [0.012] [0.011]
-0.023 0.023 0.009
[0.018] [0.016] [0.017]
0.034 -0.009 0.042
[0.015] [0.016] [0.014]
-0.067 -0.016 -0.089
[0.016] [0.015] [0.015]
0.741* 0.652* 0.686*
[0.062] [0.051] [0.058]
-0.069 -0.293 -0.092
[0.025] [0.025] [0.026]

-0.007 0.037 0.024
[0.025] [0.024] [0.022]
-0.365 -0.217 -0.295
[0.024] [0.023] [0.023]
- - -
0.342*** 0.247*** 0.369***
[0.021] [0.016] [0.020]

0.115*** 0.112** 0.115***
[0.006] [0.008] [0.006]
-0.061 -0.107 -0.049
[0.031] [0.033] [0.032]

0.024 0.031 0.061
[0.031] [0.040] [0.029]
0.13 0.128 0.095
[0.038] [0.046] [0.039]
0.070*** 0.092*** 0.070***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.139
[0.229]
0.173* 0.121
[0.254] [0.243]
0.865 0.821 0.863
68 68 68
0.287 0.126 0.191
0.094 0.052 0.166
35.55 32.231 38.275
0.908 0.804 0.841
31.886 35.526 35.238
0.965 0.672 0.915
646.272 265.082 451.874
0 0 0
0 0.042 0.001
0.004 0.104 0.003
0 0 0
-10 -11 -12
A3_8500 A3_8500 A3_8500
0.449 -0.489 0.774
[64.413] [84.487] [93.267]
-0.36 0.48 -0.523

[47.189] [62.222] [67.585]
0.231*** 0.389*** 0.263***
[0.037] [0.058] [0.055]
-0.051 -0.085 -0.051
[0.004] [0.008] [0.006]
0.161*** 0.027 0.224**
[0.339] [0.470] [0.604]

0.914*** 1.178*** 0.851***
[1.208] [1.479] [1.113]
-0.129** -0.106
[0.193] [0.570]
- -
0.172*** 0.253***
[0.249] [0.396]
0.036 0.258
[0.363] [0.739]
0.197*** 0.303**
[0.711] [1.404]
0.705*** 1.048*** 0.816***
[0.013] [0.024] [0.018]
-
-0.370** -0.337**
0.290***
[0.022] [0.037] [0.032]

- -
-0.454**
0.400*** 0.713***
[0.012] [0.028] [0.022]

0.045 0.13 0.116
[0.013] [0.033] [0.023]
- -
-1.056**
1.722*** 1.485***
[0.050] [0.135] [0.073]

-0.181 -0.091 -0.263
[0.027] [0.061] [0.052]
0.478*** 0.252* 0.420***
[0.037] [0.055] [0.046]
1.839*** 1.517*** 1.699***
[0.022] [0.052] [0.031]
0.375*** 0.310* 0.427***
[0.025] [0.050] [0.038]
0.055 0.058 0.088
[0.012] [0.014] [0.019]
-0.026 0.217** -0.149
[0.101] [0.083] [0.183]
- -
-0.230**
0.235*** 0.310***
[0.028] [0.064] [0.044]

0.137 0.321** 0.197
[0.075] [0.089] [0.106]
-0.076** -0.174** -0.094*
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

0.168**
[0.290]
-0.230** -0.058
[0.421] [0.557]
68 68 68
96.304 30.233 93.757
0 0.869 0
35.096 41.754 40.496

0.917 0.394 0.771
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A4_8500 0.349** 0.531*** 0.425*** 0.344*** 0.419*** 0.342*** 0.387*** 0.342*** 0.419***
[0.108] [0.046] [0.041] [0.034] [0.041] [0.034] [0.039] [0.035] [0.038]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.309*** 0.180** 0.276*** 0.239*** 0.281*** 0.242*** 0.284*** 0.240*** 0.283***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.046] [0.037] [0.032] [0.027] [0.032] [0.026] [0.032] [0.028] [0.031]
Hosftede
individua 0.064 0.119 -0.109 -0.071 -0.097 -0.065 -0.102 -0.071 -0.108
lism
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - - -
n
0.283*** 0.246*** 0.304*** 0.293*** 0.299*** 0.291*** 0.265*** 0.292*** 0.280***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.260] [0.304] [0.272] [0.271] [0.280] [0.272] [0.275] [0.269] [0.321]
Latitud 0.146* 0.096 0.253** 0.174 0.245* 0.169 0.278** 0.174 0.326**
[0.429] [0.409] [0.651] [0.582] [0.665] [0.587] [0.648] [0.588] [0.732]
continent
-0.067 0.058 0.058 0.058
==2
[0.142] [0.176] [0.173] [0.176]
continent - - -
-0.133*
==3 0.224*** 0.222*** 0.224***
[0.232] [0.148] [0.149] [0.196]

continent
-0.024 -0.193** -0.194** -0.193**
==4
[0.140] [0.200] [0.198] [0.203]
continent
-0.049 -0.092** -0.092** -0.092**
==5
[0.290] [0.265] [0.262] [0.264]
humid1 0.360* 0.389** 0.333* 0.374** 0.382** 0.388** 0.292
[0.013] [0.012] [0.014] [0.012] [0.013] [0.012] [0.014]
humid2 -0.16 -0.178 -0.14 -0.167 -0.152 -0.178 -0.114
[0.017] [0.016] [0.018] [0.017] [0.017] [0.017] [0.018]
humid3 -0.152 -0.131 -0.144 -0.128 -0.17 -0.131 -0.117
[0.016] [0.014] [0.016] [0.014] [0.017] [0.014] [0.017]
humid4 0.047 0.035 0.045 0.035 0.056 0.034 0.001
[0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.014] [0.016]
temp1 0.242 0.333 0.168 0.289 0.267 0.333 0.201
[0.051] [0.056] [0.054] [0.058] [0.052] [0.056] [0.050]
temp2 -0.2 0.031 -0.189 0.038 -0.196 0.03 -0.256*
[0.022] [0.022] [0.022] [0.022] [0.021] [0.022] [0.020]
temp3 0.144 0.1 0.161 0.111 0.132 0.101 0.186
[0.025] [0.023] [0.025] [0.023] [0.025] [0.023] [0.025]
temp4 0.078 -0.027 0.123 0 0.069 -0.026 0.158
[0.023] [0.023] [0.023] [0.023] [0.024] [0.023] [0.022]
- - -
temp5 -0.15 -0.137 -0.134 -0.179**
0.341*** 0.334*** 0.342***
[0.016] [0.018] [0.017] [0.019] [0.016] [0.018] [0.015]

goldm 0.103** 0.112*** 0.100** 0.110*** 0.093** 0.112*** 0.105**
[0.009] [0.006] [0.009] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
iron -0.048 -0.014 -0.05 -0.015 -0.033 -0.014 -0.067
[0.026] [0.024] [0.026] [0.023] [0.026] [0.024] [0.025]
silv -0.092 -0.027 -0.081 -0.021 -0.083 -0.027 -0.077
[0.036] [0.029] [0.035] [0.028] [0.034] [0.028] [0.035]
zinc 0.189* 0.176** 0.176* 0.169** 0.164* 0.176** 0.192*
[0.038] [0.030] [0.037] [0.030] [0.035] [0.030] [0.037]
oilres 0.057** 0.047** 0.056** 0.047** 0.058*** 0.047** 0.052**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.03 -0.017
mar
[0.138] [0.138]
EcologÃ
-
a de la 0.001
0.084***
malaria
[0.009] [0.012]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.107
in
tropical
zones
[0.227]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.839 0.836 0.861 0.892 0.859 0.89 0.864 0.889 0.861
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.156 0.567 0.594 0.242 0.683 0.281 0.407 0.085 0.543
p(UID) 0.28 0.013 0.27 0.131 0.277 0.164 0.251 0.136 0.231
Pagan-
9.122 10.841 25.639 39.968 27.079 39.446 26.193 41.162 31.437
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.521 0.901 0.937 0.722 0.941 0.806 0.955 0.747 0.831
Hall)
Pagan-
7.925 12.72 28.89 31.794 31.106 32.608 30.859 32.837 34.243
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.636 0.808 0.856 0.945 0.842 0.956 0.85 0.953 0.726
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 13.627 73.881 172.226 581.617 197.719 612.966 150.994 614.729 320.582
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.043 0 0.088 0 0.017 0 0.086
p(temp) 0.165 0.003 0.203 0.008 0.131 0.003 0.02
p(natural 0.032 0 0.054 0 0.03 0 0.027
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
gendiv 5.914* 3.809 0.767 1.212 1.303 1.029 1.11 2.093 0.225
[111.120 [103.384 [102.879
[90.115] [69.469] [82.972] [97.054] [71.180] [93.960]
] ] ]
gendiv_s
-6.026* -4.167 -0.748 -1.405 -1.296 -1.226 -1.083 -2.309 -0.185
q
[67.053] [79.727] [76.778] [51.921] [76.465] [62.510] [72.413] [53.172] [70.244]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.335*** 0.379*** 0.364*** 0.485*** 0.375*** 0.504*** 0.360*** 0.494*** 0.411***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.078] [0.067] [0.055] [0.054] [0.063] [0.053] [0.058] [0.060] [0.056]
Hosftede
individua 0.167 0.127 0.320* 0.303*** 0.294 0.310*** 0.329 0.307*** 0.274*
lism
[0.011] [0.009] [0.012] [0.006] [0.015] [0.008] [0.015] [0.008] [0.010]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.043 0.119 -0.015 0.351*** -0.003 0.343*** 0.036 0.374*** -0.013
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.631] [0.497] [0.738] [0.431] [0.782] [0.504] [0.824] [0.535] [0.604]
Latitud 0.299* 0.162 0.119 0.287*** 0.137 0.342*** 0.119 0.286** -0.011
[1.471] [1.044] [2.290] [0.789] [2.384] [0.777] [2.402] [1.020] [2.170]
continent
0.388*** 0.051 0.015 0.041
==2
[0.435] [0.300] [0.305] [0.398]
continent
0.077 -0.079 -0.082 0.015
==3
[0.587] [0.366] [0.383] [0.456]

continent
-0.075 0.243 0.25 0.209
==4
[0.980] [0.609] [0.695] [0.715]
continent
-0.046 0.304*** 0.312*** 0.291**
==5
[2.197] [0.852] [0.916] [1.066]
humid1 -0.077 -0.219 -0.036 -0.156 0.027 -0.236 0.089
[0.030] [0.023] [0.028] [0.025] [0.051] [0.030] [0.029]
humid2 0.356* 0.401** 0.318* 0.358** 0.339 0.413* 0.252
[0.043] [0.038] [0.040] [0.041] [0.077] [0.051] [0.045]
humid3 0.245 0.266 0.28 0.179 0.107 0.326 0.268
[0.031] [0.023] [0.032] [0.026] [0.054] [0.030] [0.031]
humid4 -0.248 -0.430** -0.299 -0.373** -0.163 -0.498** -0.224
[0.031] [0.027] [0.031] [0.029] [0.057] [0.035] [0.031]

temp1 0.129 -0.730** 0.397 -0.888* 0.258 -0.679* 0.226
[0.099] [0.077] [0.143] [0.102] [0.120] [0.082] [0.119]
- - -
temp2 -0.484 -0.556 -0.517 -0.292
0.888*** 0.884*** 0.841***
[0.070] [0.039] [0.075] [0.043] [0.068] [0.052] [0.060]

temp3 -0.03 0.204** -0.075 0.220** -0.047 0.195* -0.172
[0.052] [0.032] [0.059] [0.036] [0.061] [0.034] [0.057]
temp4 0.234 0.865*** 0.082 1.021*** 0.23 0.756** -0.008
[0.045] [0.032] [0.053] [0.035] [0.045] [0.033] [0.050]
temp5 0.123 0.564*** 0.068 0.602*** 0.123 0.576*** 0.247
[0.036] [0.034] [0.037] [0.043] [0.048] [0.033] [0.044]
goldm -0.206 0.03 -0.215 0.065 -0.266 -0.009 -0.246*
[0.049] [0.021] [0.048] [0.021] [0.053] [0.024] [0.039]
- - -
iron -0.193 -0.185 -0.156 -0.108
0.642*** 0.670*** 0.633***
[0.133] [0.086] [0.134] [0.096] [0.110] [0.108] [0.135]
silv 0.147 -0.102** 0.116 -0.121** 0.103 -0.106* 0.144
[0.077] [0.027] [0.076] [0.034] [0.094] [0.036] [0.068]

zinc 0.114 0.226** 0.154 0.232* 0.092 0.224* 0.127
[0.123] [0.053] [0.133] [0.072] [0.103] [0.065] [0.123]
oilres 0.082 0.094*** 0.08 0.087*** 0.118 0.104*** 0.075
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
0.097 -0.006
mar
[0.465] [0.313]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.208** -0.139**
malaria
[0.043] [0.023]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.344**
in
tropical
zones
[0.703]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 30.984 83.548 75.343 40.253 63.46 53.48 62.133 38.722 54.24
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.001 0 0 0.711 0.011 0.272 0.014 0.828 0.066
Pagan)
nr2 27.483 56.785 49.874 50.825 45.842 51.006 52.633 48.485 41.656
nr2p 0.002 0 0.094 0.289 0.243 0.356 0.087 0.453 0.399
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.356*** 0.449*** 0.353***

[0.034] [0.040] [0.034]
0.234*** 0.267*** 0.238***
d
[0.027] [0.031] [0.026]
-0.072 -0.111 -0.074
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
- - -
0.297*** 0.306*** 0.296***
[0.281] [0.285] [0.287]

0.16 0.246* 0.175
[0.651] [0.740] [0.629]
0.056 0.059
[0.174] [0.190]
- -
0.224*** 0.221***
[0.160] [0.150]
-0.194** -0.194**
[0.201] [0.203]
-0.093** -0.092**
[0.264] [0.270]
0.400** 0.361* 0.390**
[0.012] [0.013] [0.012]
-0.19 -0.169 -0.181*
[0.017] [0.017] [0.016]
-0.139 -0.156 -0.133
[0.014] [0.016] [0.014]
0.044 0.052 0.037
[0.014] [0.014] [0.013]
0.341 0.245 0.332
[0.056] [0.050] [0.056]
0.045 -0.19 0.03
[0.022] [0.028] [0.023]
0.093 0.142 0.102
[0.023] [0.025] [0.023]
-0.044 0.066 -0.025
[0.023] [0.025] [0.024]
- -
-0.151
0.339*** 0.342***
[0.018] [0.016] [0.018]

0.112*** 0.103** 0.112***
[0.006] [0.009] [0.006]
-0.011 -0.048 -0.017
[0.024] [0.028] [0.029]
-0.03 -0.095 -0.03
[0.029] [0.039] [0.030]
0.176** 0.192* 0.181*
[0.029] [0.041] [0.034]
0.048** 0.056** 0.047**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.014
[0.210]
-0.004 -0.01
[0.295] [0.290]
0.889 0.857 0.889
68 68 68
0.153 0.644 0.258
0.13 0.096 0.118
39.994 25.413 39.03
0.788 0.965 0.819
31.948 28.505 31.113
0.964 0.913 0.972
954.426 262.59 544.637
0 0 0
0.001 0.061 0
0.003 0.197 0.002
0 0.019 0
-10 -11 -12

A4_8500 A4_8500 A4_8500
-0.057 -0.037 0.163
[107.809
[77.836] [51.134]
]
-0.08 0.066 -0.221

[58.785] [80.122] [38.002]
0.425*** 0.380*** 0.322***
[0.057] [0.076] [0.027]
0.222** 0.257* 0.186***
[0.006] [0.011] [0.002]
0.336*** 0.048 0.333***
[0.287] [0.595] [0.190]

0.197 0.178 0.227***
[1.263] [2.108] [0.429]
0.1 0.038
[0.289] [0.237]
-
-0.189**
0.161***
[0.347] [0.177]
0.258** 0.229**
[0.407] [0.312]
0.244*** 0.142***
[0.792] [0.440]
0.188 0.115 -0.056
[0.022] [0.032] [0.010]
0.085 0.22 0.269***
[0.033] [0.046] [0.016]
0.017 -0.055 0.141
[0.022] [0.035] [0.012]
-
-0.183 -0.025
0.245***
[0.024] [0.034] [0.012]

-0.259 -0.336 -0.148
[0.093] [0.094] [0.033]
- -
-0.095
0.685*** 0.528***
[0.035] [0.076] [0.022]

0.01 -0.032 0.042
[0.043] [0.053] [0.016]
0.512 0.46 0.434***
[0.049] [0.043] [0.016]
0.487*** 0.204 0.242***
[0.036] [0.049] [0.018]
0.025 -0.115 0.046
[0.025] [0.043] [0.009]
- -
-0.147
0.465*** 0.193***
[0.100] [0.118] [0.049]
-
0.201 0.064**
0.146***
[0.024] [0.075] [0.014]

0.206** 0.063 -0.093
[0.058] [0.121] [0.035]
0.078*** 0.055 0.054***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-
0.321***
[0.475]
0.286 0.340***
[0.894] [0.421]
68 68 68
47.407 50.909 63.663
0.497 0.116 0.064
40.044 37.368 45.319

0.786 0.589 0.583
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010 R2010
A5_8500 0.323* 0.169 0.174** 0.187*** 0.166** 0.177*** 0.153** 0.184*** 0.206***
[0.164] [0.105] [0.074] [0.060] [0.074] [0.060] [0.070] [0.061] [0.070]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.350*** 0.337*** 0.407*** 0.325*** 0.412*** 0.330*** 0.400*** 0.329*** 0.398***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.050] [0.041] [0.037] [0.032] [0.035] [0.031] [0.037] [0.033] [0.038]
Hosftede
individua -0.024 0.13 -0.118 -0.071 -0.098 -0.057 -0.107 -0.078 -0.127
lism
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
- - - - - - - -
n -0.155*
0.250*** 0.252*** 0.199*** 0.246*** 0.197*** 0.196*** 0.199*** 0.257***
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.314] [0.336] [0.288] [0.297] [0.300] [0.300] [0.279] [0.293] [0.320]
Latitud 0.301*** 0.145 0.336** 0.193 0.324** 0.187 0.364*** 0.197 0.301*
[0.512] [0.595] [0.679] [0.668] [0.676] [0.632] [0.713] [0.682] [0.824]
continent
0.133 0.148 0.146 0.149
==2
[0.212] [0.229] [0.224] [0.230]
continent - - -
-0.180**
==3 0.259*** 0.257*** 0.245***
[0.247] [0.166] [0.168] [0.193]

continent
0.04 -0.141 -0.144 -0.145
==4
[0.204] [0.235] [0.232] [0.239]
continent
-0.039 -0.109* -0.107* -0.106
==5
[0.360] [0.405] [0.393] [0.408]
humid1 0.354* 0.335* 0.311 0.306* 0.391** 0.343* 0.380*
[0.012] [0.012] [0.013] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012] [0.014]
humid2 -0.034 -0.059 -0.004 -0.037 -0.039 -0.061 -0.053
[0.016] [0.018] [0.017] [0.018] [0.016] [0.018] [0.018]
humid3 -0.099 -0.036 -0.087 -0.029 -0.137 -0.044 -0.115
[0.015] [0.013] [0.015] [0.013] [0.016] [0.014] [0.016]
humid4 -0.024 -0.081 -0.027 -0.081 0 -0.072 -0.008
[0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015] [0.017]
temp1 0.232 0.395 0.114 0.307 0.274 0.393 0.254
[0.056] [0.062] [0.060] [0.066] [0.059] [0.062] [0.055]
- -
temp2 -0.238 -0.489** -0.216 -0.466** -0.231
0.515*** 0.516***
[0.024] [0.024] [0.025] [0.025] [0.024] [0.024] [0.022]

temp3 0.234* 0.178 0.259** 0.195* 0.203 0.176 0.228*
[0.026] [0.025] [0.026] [0.025] [0.027] [0.025] [0.025]
temp4 0.297 0.07 0.364 0.12 0.251 0.071 0.266
[0.025] [0.024] [0.025] [0.024] [0.025] [0.024] [0.024]
- - -
temp5 -0.163 -0.142 -0.135 -0.157
0.349*** 0.334*** 0.343***
[0.017] [0.021] [0.018] [0.021] [0.018] [0.021] [0.017]

goldm 0.108** 0.110*** 0.103** 0.107*** 0.091** 0.107*** 0.108**
[0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008] [0.006] [0.008]
iron -0.078 -0.011 -0.08 -0.014 -0.05 -0.009 -0.074
[0.029] [0.030] [0.028] [0.028] [0.029] [0.030] [0.030]
silv -0.055 0.01 -0.038 0.022 -0.046 0.011 -0.06
[0.042] [0.032] [0.041] [0.031] [0.040] [0.032] [0.045]
zinc 0.148 0.106 0.128 0.094 0.112 0.107 0.143
[0.044] [0.038] [0.044] [0.037] [0.041] [0.038] [0.044]
oilres 0.085*** 0.065*** 0.082*** 0.064*** 0.084*** 0.066*** 0.089***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Salida al
-0.047 -0.033
mar
[0.172] [0.175]
EcologÃ
-
a de la -0.022
0.137***
malaria
[0.012] [0.016]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living -0.034
in
tropical
zones
[0.277]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
R2_a 0.749 0.786 0.803 0.854 0.801 0.852 0.815 0.851 0.799
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
p(OID) 0.128 0.037 0.093 0.205 0.067 0.135 0.047 0.18 0.11
p(UID) 0.248 0.065 0.275 0.129 0.341 0.137 0.303 0.123 0.012
Pagan-
7.534 18.7 25.903 27.622 26.12 32.409 26.241 30.809 26.734
Hall
p(Pagan-
0.674 0.411 0.932 0.985 0.956 0.959 0.954 0.975 0.946
Hall)
Pagan-
5.226 13.066 18.618 20.193 19.653 23.947 17.998 23.087 19.01
Hall_N
p(Pagan-
0.876 0.788 0.997 1 0.997 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.998
Hall_N)
Chi2(An
derson- 21.673 43.24 185.635 537.72 210.054 432.954 235.933 832.745 513.566
Rubin)
Chi2p(A
nderson- 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rubin)
p(humid) 0.003 0 0.007 0 0 0 0.005
p(temp) 0.016 0 0.026 0.001 0.023 0 0.004
p(natural 0.006 0 0.024 0.002 0.009 0 0.007
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
gendiv 7.033 5.052 5.500* 5.261 6.215 4.217 4.413 5.242 2.305
[80.398] [85.259] [60.077] [64.718] [69.132] [81.819] [70.116] [77.460] [32.458]
gendiv_s
-7.194* -4.885 -5.563* -5.511 -6.365* -4.946 -4.468 -5.543 -2.231
q
[60.335] [62.654] [44.935] [50.748] [51.578] [63.821] [52.639] [59.983] [24.310]
Total
years of
schoolin 0.285** 0.346*** 0.186 0.207** 0.102 0.079 0.174 0.242* 0.346***
g: Barro-
Lee data:
[0.051] [0.042] [0.054] [0.041] [0.067] [0.062] [0.059] [0.050] [0.025]
Hosftede
individua 0.424*** 0.321** 0.256 0.188 0.313 0.231 0.242 0.107 0.218***
lism
[0.007] [0.007] [0.009] [0.006] [0.009] [0.007] [0.009] [0.007] [0.003]
Fraccion
alizaciÃ³
n 0.037 0.164 0.013 -0.074 0.016 -0.097 0.073 -0.053 -0.049
etnoligÃ
¼Ãstica
[0.520] [0.510] [0.511] [0.341] [0.568] [0.631] [0.564] [0.403] [0.210]
Latitud -0.082 0.101 0.316 0.382** 0.294 0.361* 0.344 0.381** 0.871***
[1.067] [1.073] [1.140] [0.882] [1.151] [1.082] [1.225] [0.981] [0.656]
continent
-0.032 0.063 0.102 0.105
==2
[0.314] [0.462] [0.540] [0.497]
continent
-0.059 0.013 0.089 0.132
==3
[0.405] [0.490] [0.553] [0.595]
continent
0.373 -0.24 -0.578* -0.275
==4
[0.784] [0.614] [0.761] [0.662]
continent
0.103 -0.132 -0.187 -0.135
==5
[1.592] [1.431] [1.435] [1.510]
humid1 -0.264 -0.39 -0.299 -0.311 -0.158 -0.303 -0.241
[0.019] [0.019] [0.023] [0.023] [0.021] [0.021] [0.011]
humid2 0.399* 0.530** 0.459 0.483* 0.345 0.457* 0.346**
[0.034] [0.030] [0.042] [0.038] [0.038] [0.034] [0.022]
humid3 0.173 0.259 0.31 0.315 0.095 0.196 -0.06
[0.020] [0.019] [0.023] [0.021] [0.021] [0.021] [0.011]
humid4 -0.183 -0.334 -0.346 -0.454* -0.126 -0.257 -0.046
[0.023] [0.023] [0.027] [0.029] [0.024] [0.026] [0.015]

temp1 0.014 -0.357 0.531 -0.055 0.229 -0.282 -0.195
[0.121] [0.074] [0.171] [0.131] [0.125] [0.077] [0.048]
temp2 0.363 0.509* 0.194 0.362 0.389 0.493* 0.525***
[0.049] [0.033] [0.063] [0.048] [0.053] [0.036] [0.019]
temp3 -0.199 -0.175 -0.334 -0.297 -0.274 -0.183 -0.105
[0.052] [0.032] [0.070] [0.053] [0.055] [0.033] [0.020]
temp4 -0.13 0.13 -0.567 -0.206 -0.32 0.082 0.513**
[0.047] [0.027] [0.065] [0.050] [0.048] [0.028] [0.018]
temp5 -0.048 0.056 -0.032 0.159 -0.007 0.09 -0.286**
[0.030] [0.031] [0.031] [0.042] [0.033] [0.036] [0.023]
goldm 0.368*** 0.072 0.662*** 0.321** 0.285*** 0.032 -0.055*
[0.015] [0.017] [0.021] [0.026] [0.015] [0.018] [0.005]

iron 0.076 0.366 0.075 0.412 0.134 0.386 0.06
[0.082] [0.178] [0.084] [0.151] [0.097] [0.201] [0.050]
silv 0.228 0.332* 0.225 0.284* 0.217 0.346* 0.113
[0.056] [0.063] [0.050] [0.061] [0.073] [0.073] [0.032]
zinc -0.34 -0.255 -0.499* -0.365 -0.328 -0.263 0.295***
[0.095] [0.110] [0.104] [0.095] [0.100] [0.114] [0.037]
-
oilres -0.052 -0.055 0.013 0.009 -0.044 -0.056
0.082***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

Salida al
0.14 0.185**
mar
[0.341] [0.249]
EcologÃ
a de la -0.131* -0.134*
malaria
[0.022] [0.021]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living 0.511***
in
tropical
zones
[0.204]
Percenta
ge of
populatio
n living
in
temperat
e zones
Observat
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
ions
Chi2(Bre
usch- 19.656 46.001 38.993 49.591 35.733 31.497 43.689 56.01 43.015
Pagan)
Chi2p(Br
eusch- 0.033 0 0.425 0.332 0.663 0.968 0.318 0.2 0.343
Pagan)
nr2 16.996 39.302 33.202 32.356 24.648 33.93 35.353 35.847 35.424
nr2p 0.074 0.003 0.691 0.936 0.973 0.938 0.679 0.902 0.676
-10 -11 -12
R2010 R2010 R2010
0.208*** 0.168** 0.184***

[0.060] [0.070] [0.059]
0.299*** 0.372*** 0.294***
d
[0.035] [0.039] [0.031]
-0.061 -0.123 -0.056
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
- -
-0.189**
0.221*** 0.245***
[0.270] [0.293] [0.308]

0.033 0.247* 0.133
[0.714] [0.716] [0.694]
0.168* 0.097
[0.227] [0.242]
- -
0.294*** 0.270***
[0.164] [0.167]
-0.136 -0.142
[0.226] [0.231]
-0.115* -0.118*
[0.400] [0.397]
0.458** 0.352** 0.349**
[0.012] [0.011] [0.011]
-0.144 -0.056 -0.083
[0.018] [0.014] [0.016]
-0.09 -0.109 -0.065
[0.014] [0.014] [0.013]
-0.009 -0.007 -0.053
[0.015] [0.014] [0.015]
0.503 0.245 0.414
[0.062] [0.057] [0.060]
-0.128 -0.395* -0.17
[0.026] [0.028] [0.026]

0.096 0.195* 0.145
[0.024] [0.025] [0.023]
-0.117 0.199 0.002
[0.022] [0.025] [0.023]
-
-0.303** -0.153
0.344***
[0.021] [0.017] [0.020]

0.107*** 0.105** 0.108***
[0.005] [0.008] [0.006]
0.032 -0.027 0.033
[0.032] [0.035] [0.034]
-0.015 -0.02 0.034
[0.035] [0.043] [0.031]
0.085 0.101 0.053
[0.038] [0.048] [0.042]
0.074*** 0.089*** 0.070***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.209**
[0.236]
0.168 0.139
[0.348] [0.359]
0.86 0.804 0.854
68 68 68
0.115 0.106 0.187
0.063 0.143 0.151
30.461 26.457 31.638
0.977 0.951 0.967
24.799 21.415 24.962
0.998 0.993 0.998
1404.594 220.126 587.923
0 0 0
0 0.007 0
0.003 0.084 0.001
0 0.001 0
-10 -11 -12

A5_8500 A5_8500 A5_8500
2.628 5.696* 2.907
[44.420] [52.601] [43.220]
-2.393 -5.625* -3.019
[34.125] [38.660] [32.003]
0.353*** 0.431*** 0.318***
[0.045] [0.045] [0.024]
0.295** 0.219 0.182**
[0.005] [0.006] [0.004]
-0.202** -0.06 -0.121*
[0.369] [0.348] [0.288]

0.656*** 0.683*** 0.703***
[0.935] [0.786] [0.515]
-0.08 0.294**
[0.334] [0.283]
-0.093 -0.018
[0.387] [0.290]
0.085 -0.197
[0.450] [0.484]
-0.016 0.021
[0.826] [0.789]
-0.045 -0.379* -0.370**
[0.022] [0.015] [0.010]
0.158 0.584*** 0.545***
[0.041] [0.027] [0.018]
-0.244 0.341 0.337**
[0.022] [0.017] [0.011]
-
0.244 -0.367**
0.368***
[0.030] [0.018] [0.014]

0.092 -0.382 -0.577*
[0.091] [0.105] [0.049]
0.793*** 0.004 0.320**
[0.031] [0.036] [0.020]
-0.222 0.027 -0.041
[0.040] [0.042] [0.019]
0.313 0.467 0.581**
[0.035] [0.037] [0.017]
-0.454** -0.001 0.045
[0.035] [0.027] [0.022]
-
0.288*** 0.013
0.141***
[0.009] [0.009] [0.008]

0.122 -0.276* 0.048
[0.087] [0.070] [0.101]
0.034 0.122 0.183**
[0.046] [0.052] [0.029]
0.396** 0.029 0.171
[0.069] [0.068] [0.056]
-
-0.083** -0.085**
0.091***
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
0.333**
[0.397]
- -
0.677*** 0.677***
[0.417] [0.401]
68 68 68
71.025 34.098 43.705
0.017 0.732 0.649
50.07 30.411 39.89

0.391 0.863 0.791

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-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9

GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc GDP pc TFP TFP TFP TFP

goldm 0.016* 0.009 0.014

[0.009] [0.010] [0.009]

[0.414] [0.035] [0.042] [0.041] [0.072] [0.104]

0.002 0 0 0 0.005*** 0.006***

[0.007] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

0.142*** 0.036*** 0.038*** 0.035*** 0.031** 0.031**

[0.040] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.013] [0.015]

[0.010] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

68 147 119 74 73 71 139 107 68 67

goldm 0.007 0.013 0.007

[0.008] [0.009] [0.008]

[0.728] [0.836] [0.628] [1.315] [1.610] [0.621] [0.740] [0.548] [1.222]

[0.283] [0.029] [0.035] [0.032] [0.074] [0.089]

0.002 0 0 0 0.005*** 0.006***

[0.006] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

0.052 0.033*** 0.033*** 0.031*** 0.046*** 0.046***

[0.036] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.010] [0.014]

[0.008] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

[0.305] [0.292] [0.348] [0.316]

temp5 -0.059** -0.068**

[0.317] [0.368] [0.033] [0.034] [0.039] [0.073]

0.102** 0.079** 0.029*** 0.030*** 0.028*** 0.009

[0.044] [0.034] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004] [0.013]

[0.021] [0.024] [0.003] [0.002]

[0.026] [0.027] [0.003] [0.002]

goldm 0.018* 0.013 0.019*

[0.009] [0.010] [0.010]

[0.376] [0.033] [0.040] [0.039] [0.074] [0.095]

0.002 0 0 0 0.004*** 0.006***

[0.006] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

0.118** 0.034*** 0.035*** 0.032*** 0.026** 0.021

[0.049] [0.004] [0.006] [0.005] [0.012] [0.015]

[0.009] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

68 147 117 73 72 70 139 105 67 66

goldm 0.020** 0.013 0.017*

[0.010] [0.010] [0.010]

[0.378] [0.029] [0.039] [0.042] [0.073] [0.096]

-0.002 0 -0.001 0 0.005*** 0.005***

[0.005] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

0.102** 0.028*** 0.032*** 0.030*** 0.023* 0.022

[0.039] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.013] [0.016]

[0.009] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

[0.031] [0.039] [0.029]

goldm 0.020** 0.011 0.018*

[0.008] [0.009] [0.009]

[0.397] [0.033] [0.035] [0.039] [0.072] [0.104]

0 0 -0.001 0 0.004*** 0.005***

[0.007] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

0.130*** 0.034*** 0.035*** 0.032*** 0.023* 0.022

[0.046] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.013] [0.016]

[0.032] [0.003] [0.003] [0.009]

[0.008] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002]

68 147 119 74 73 71 139 107 68 67

[0.032] [0.043] [0.033] [0.038] [0.033] [0.037] [0.027] [0.033]

[0.029] [0.021] [0.021] [0.031]

[0.036] [0.035] [0.034] [0.037]

[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]

[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]

R2_a 0.856 0.876 0.868 0.912 0.868 0.912 0.897 0.916

Chi2(Anderson-Rubin) 2.408 2.737 4.34 1.352 3.936 1.211 3.135 0.981

[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]

0.002 0 0 0 0.005* 0.006*

0.142* 0.036* 0.038* 0.035* 0.031 0.031

0.002 0 0 0 0.005* 0.006*

0.052 0.033* 0.033* 0.031* 0.046* 0.046***

temp5 -0.059 -0.068

0.102 0.079 0.029* 0.030* 0.028*** 0.009

0.002 0 0 0 0.004* 0.006*

0.118 0.034* 0.035* 0.032* 0.026** 0.021

-0.002 0 -0.001 0 0.005* 0.005*

0.102 0.028* 0.032* 0.030* 0.023* 0.022

0 0 -0.001 0 0.004* 0.005*

0.130* 0.034* 0.035* 0.032* 0.023* 0.022

0.609* 0.545* 0.601* 0.551*

0.387 0.157 0.401*

0.367* 0.296* 0.328***

0.517* 0.530* 0.528***

0.511* 0.514* 0.515***