Indicator: is a complex organic compound that indicates the end point by changing its colour, at

which a chemically equivalent amount of the reagent has been added.

Oxidation : is a process which involves the loss of one or more electrons
Reduction : is a process which involves the gain of one ore more electrons
Oxidizing agent : The reactant that gains electrons
Reducing agent : the reactant that gives up electrons
Iodimetry: when an analyte that is a reducing agent is titrated directly with a standard iodine
solution, the method is called
Iodometry : when an analyte that is an oxidizing agent is added to excess iodide to produce
iodine and the iodine produced is determines by titration with sodium thiosulfate, the method
is called ..
Starch : is the indicator of titration involving iodine because it forms an intense blue complex
with even a trace of iodine. Not redox indicator.

LAB 5 : ESTIMATION OF COPPER (Cu) CONTAINED IN A SUPPLIED SOLUTION OF COPPER SALT BY IODOMETRIC METHOD
Change color : brown – light yellow – intense blue – light green

Lab 5 Redox Half Reation.

K2Cr2O7 Primary standard, Oxidizing Agent, Orange Solid, Mol wt 294, gram eq wt 49.

Na2S2O3.5H2O secondary standard, reducing agent, mol. wt. 248, gram-equiv. wt. 248, colorless.

CuSO4.5H2O an inorganic compound, also called blue vitriol, oxidizing agent, blue colored, mol. wt.
249.68.

Cupric sulfate, CuSO4, commonly known as blue vitriol

Require Chemical : Potassium iodide (KI), Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3), Conc. Hydrochloric acid (HCl),
Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) and Starch (C6H10O5)n
LAB 6 : DETERMINATION OF FERROUS ION (Fe2+) IN A SUPPLIED SOLUTION OF IRON SALT BY STANDARD POTASSIUM
DICHROMATE (K2Cr2O7) SOLUTION

Lab 6 Redox Half Reation

Indicator : Diphenyl amine (C6H5)2NH. Colorless solid

Require Chemical : Mohr’s salt [FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O], Sulphuric acid (H2SO4, 5%), conc. Phosphoric
acid (H3PO4), Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and Diphenylamine [(C6H5)2NH].

Endpoint color : violet blue

LAB 7 : DETERMINATION OF FERROUS ION (Fe2+) IN A SUPPLIED SOLUTION OF IRON SALT BY STANDARD POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE (KMnO4) SOLUTION

Lab 7 Redox Reation

Na2C2O4 primary standard substance, reducing agent, white solid, mol wt 134, gram eq 67

KMnO4 secondary standard substance, strong oxidizing agent, pink solid, mol wt 158, gram eq 31.6, Kept
in dark bottles

Indicator : KMnO4

Mohr Salt : FeSO4.(NH4)2 SO4.6H2O ferrous ammonium sulphatte

Require Chemical : Potassium permanganate (KMnO 4), Sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
and Mohr’s salt [FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O].

Endpoint color : pink

LAB 8 : DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH OF A WEAK ACID (CH3COOH) AGAINST A STRONG ALKALI (NaOH) SOLUTION BY
MEASURING CONDUCTANCE

Conductometric Titration : Titratation in which conductance measurement are made use of in

determining the end point of acid-alkali reactions are called conductometric titration

Conductometric titration unit is ohm-1

Require Chemical : Acetic acid CH3COOH, sodium hydroxide NaOH