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0LDGL0RY 23Wylam
C0RP0RATI0N Slreel,
Craghead,
Stanley, Durham
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6ER.
When replying to adverts please mention Wargames lllustrated,
 grectest triumph
rlse lhmwh the
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be utterly
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UARGAiIET Contents
Illurilralerl Pnge
14 Ms*All€n Th€Arny oflouis )(IV dudngthewari
ofthe GratrdAlliancernd theSpanish
(l6EE-1715)
Smcession
TheMaiiondu Roi:Part Two
BATTLE HONOT]RS
LTD TheGa eduCorpsandtheGeulama
and ChevavIeCercf aheGuant
We've recentlyheard from a couple of shareholdenwho 18 ColinW€her IntermtionalSe€ding of Players
investedin the abovecompany formed,but nevertraded- Enbryoftharts"tn ntheI.W.F.
who aretryingto retrievetheirinvestments
andwouldalsolike l8 ChdsTofalos TheWembl€yFactor
to know of othersin a similar predicamentwith a view to n9t'riss"or Knoekaut srsteN,s:
vhich
bandingtogetherand co'ordinatingtheir effons.Get in touch
20 RobertMorgsn ArmedForce!ofthe Ukaine,
19!40to1950
'Not oneund€rsi! fed lall"
PAXBRITANI\ICA(operating
early-mid
eighties) 24 DavidBickley
ECIIELON DESIGN(operating1987.88) TheBatUeofNonneBat9chcn,
PAXBRITANNICA(reformed 1992) 1l November 1914
28 Normanwood ColooialD.B.A.
We d liketo hearfromanyonewhois ownedmoneyorgoodsby Altoaherpemutttion ofthehst
the above wargames figure producer(s). Please send brief .lecadc'smostinnueatialru1(5
detailsin writingto Wargames
Illustmted. 29 StDartHanison '?arson, . . forfu 'ssek€pray"
Thestniggletor Fort Do^ekm
A small*ale'Fire & Fury'scenario
WARCON3.5SEPIEMBER1993
3l C. Coffadclaus Co$pensrGcnius,or at leestpmgr€ss
Sory we've not had spaceto advertisethis turther sofar - but it A.W.I- action
is goingahead.Moredetailsnextmonth honest! 36 JohnDouglas Multi-playervargaming- by post
A P.B.M. ofrerlor W.L ftaders
{0 Reviews
Waryanes lus@redis publbheOon the last Thutsdayot eacll
rnotl, byiSlratagem Publicatons
Ltd..18LoversLane.Newafi, 45 Kenllanning Whrl arewarcam€s rulcsfor?
Notts.NG24lHZ Tel:063671973EDTTOR: Duncan Mactartane. 51 Cla.srifi€d
Ads
TYPESETTING & REPFODUCTION BY:PressplanSeruic€s
Lrd.
PRjNTEDjn England DISTRIBUTOBS: Comag Maga_?ine
MaAeting, Tavislock UB77eE. Front cover photoI Brlrrrft troops occupya riuageon the Noth
Road,WesrD€r'ton,Middtese.-.r
USA:TheEmperoisHeadquaders. 5744WestlruinoParkRoad. WestFrcntiet.Troops& terrcinfron thevastco ectionof Duke
Chrcago. lttin6is60634 Trtr:312 7z 8668.CANADA:BAFM Seiftied,anApo o in Anerica's pantheon
CompanyInc..20 PalkhrllBoad Eas|. Cambndge, Onrario, of waryamin| sods!
Canad€. N1B1POAUSTRALIA: BayCompton, EsseixMinratures
Lld. 9 Lowanna Place,Homsbv, NSW2077.FRANCE: Jeuxde
GuerreDiflusion, 6 rue de Mdissonier,
Paris75017-
PARTIZAN'93
wargames
SUBsCRIPTIOIS lol 12i$ues ol warqameslllustlatedaret24 in
show
lheu.K.Eu.ope & rcstol wo d sorlaca:!28. Fe$ol woddaimail:$8. saturday15May1993
SACK IUnBERJ A||issuesexceotnos.1. 2.3 & 26ar€slitl
avalabe al 12.20€achpostpaid.BacknumbeBol olr o@sionatspsial
I(elham
Hall,Kelham,r ewark, otts.
€na publicationWargames Wondarcale sriI available:Nos.2,3,4: QmilesfromNewa on4617Mansfield road)
!2.40poslpaid.No,5!1.80postpaid.
BI DEnS |ol wdgameslllusllalgd(calacityl2 issues).Binds6io,
* Doors open10amto5pm* Topquality
Wagam€sWorldalsoavarlable Sameeoacty. ffo pnc6Pncee6posr demonstration games* Participation
gamesto
pardr uK Feslot worldradda1.50€xr6 posraqg join in * TradeStands
& Bring& Buy* Bar,
F o|nr STRATAGEI PUBl.lCAtlOflS LTD., Refreshments, *
FreeParking
It lov...lana, f,arark, tao$r,IG24lHz, Entland.

WILD GEESEMINIAI'IIRES
I Easbycrove, Eston,ClevelandT56gDL
TeL 0642460638
DaI I3MIf,S P.htqv
UlFllr.d E4d
5l PbihE !?68 I:3.40
62 Chm* Boder Nomad !5 20 t?691
97 tTJberd !!fl ,441x)
93 Bmes !10 t7 $lm
IOIID InMIES Ol0 &E)
RNid !10m ,77N
Swed6h tlom nTOl
DNh tlo 00 t770J
ACT |lO 00 t77 00
Pas&d tuchts ta$ Bvpopular
demand -TheotherPartizan
,19u6paDred}J|Citt colts P|tllt!{csBncD .00fd sple.
Andi6 srocljs|fd wild c€6.:
Saturday
14August1993
ItE SOtDiERr' $O AO)(tr5, VORITnIGTON' OEIO.a3035 FurtherdetaibftomLaurence fel: (i@2 521966.
Baldwln.
 OSPREY NATIONALS '93
L S O F T H E U K . N A T I O N A LW A R G A M E S C H A M P I O N S H I P S
F O R T H E S E C O N D S U C C E S S I V EY E A F I
O R G A NI S E D B Y
P I N N E F IW A R G A M E S C L U B
S P O N S O R E D B Y O S P R E Y M I L I T A R YB O O K S

2nd & 3rd OCTOBER 1993

The Byron Hall
Harrow Leisure Centre
Harrow
Middlesex

COMPETIl'ION DETAILS
RULES POINTS SCALE
ANCIENTS(5TH) 1.200 25MM
1 500 15MM LtsTS 1 - 1a0
1 500 15MM
r 500 15MM TTG lATH CENTURYL 5TS
S O U N DO F T H E G U N SI I 15MM TTG BUTLER/COMBERLISTS
NAPOLEONIC NAVAL SIGNALTO CLOSE ACTION
2ND EO TION
TO BE ADVISED 1 3OO TO BE ADVISEO
GAMES WITH MAGICAND
MONSTERSBY MART N
HACKET 1.500 25MM
FlvE STNGLEOAY FEGIONAL HEATSWILL BE HELD AS FOLLOWSI
FEGION LOCATION OATES
NOFTH WEST BLACKPOOL SUNOAY27TF JIJNE
NOFITHEAST BEVERLY SATUFDAY 16 MAY
MIDLANDS BIRMINGHAM SUNDAY2OTHJUNE
SOUTHWEST TO SE ADVISED TO BE ADVISED
SOUTH EAST TO BE ADVISED TO BE ADVISED

SUPPLEMENTAL (FINALS ONLY) COMPETITIONS

AMEFICANC V]L WAR' FIFIEAND FUFY ON ENTRY I5MM
AXIS AND ALLIES- AS PUBLISHED
'Nor tilcLUDEo rN ovEFALL TEAM coMpETrrroN
&= F I F E A N D F U F Y I S S U B J E C T T O L I M I T E DE N T R Y

COMPETITION ENTRY FOR]I{

CLUB

PBEFERRED
R E GO N

CLOSING OATE FOR COMPETITION ENIFIES 30 APRIL 1993

Chequespayableto NATIONALS 93 and cross Nol.eAorrabe A C payeeor y
COMPETTTONENTA ES AND ENOU RrES Ardy Wircox 266 HeadsroneLane.Haiiow Mddtesex FA26NE
T R A D EA N D D E M O N S T R A T O G
N A M EE N O U I R I E SP:h i I N ' C K S O N B
. 6E1N O NLI A N ES. I A N M O IM
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H.A 7 2 P U
 ESSEX MINIATURES ESTABLISHED
1979
15mm FASTPLAYARMYPACKSFORUSEWITHWRGDBARULES

riNLYCNUSAD€N
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t4

THEARMYOFLOUISXIV
DurtngtheWarsofthe GrandAlllanceand
SpantshSuccesslon
PARTl'WO:
TheGardeduCorysandtheC'endarmes
andQrevasleger
of theCruard

One of the reasonsfor the success of Frencharmsduringthe Dressand Equipm€ntof th€ Gardedu Corps
secondhalf of the seventeenth centurywasthe existence of a Thedressof the regimentfollowedthe samestylisticchanges as
largereserveofelite cavalry.The cavalryoftheMaisondu Roi I have describedbefore.Basicallybroadbrimmedhatsdeco
consistedof the four companies of the carde du Corps,single ratedwith feath€rsanddbbonsgavewayaroundthetum of the
companies of the Gendarmes andChevauleger. two companies cenluryto earlyformsoflhe tricom.Likewisetheformalraban
ofMusketeersandonecompany ofhorseGrenadiers. Thefinal orcravatbecamefirst looser,in the Steenkirkform,andthen
threecompanies m€ntionedaboveweresupposedly usableboth reducedto a plainstock.Thecompanies alsosportedbunchesof
on foot andmounted.but it wasin ihe lalter maflnerthat they shoulderribbonsin companycoloursandthesedroppedout of
weremostoftendeployedThe Muskeleers andGrenadierswill favouras the tricom becamepopular.creatinga new plainer'
be coveredin the nextaniclewhilethisoneconcentrates on the look for the beginningof the SpanishSu€cession conflict.The
seniorcompaniesof the Garde du Corps, Cendarmesand companycolourswerewornon the banderole of thecarbine,on
Chevauleger. the pistol holster covers and shabrack.as well as the
aforementionedribbons. Berween 1688'1715the company
colourswereasfollows:
THEGARDEDUCORPS
lst Company:Whitc (holstercovers andshabrackred)
Therewerefour companies ofcarde du Corps(or bodyguards) 2ndCompany:Blue
in existencein1688.Likethe infantryoftheMaisondu Roi. the 3rd Company:Green
GardesFrancaise and Suisse,they werenot just palaceguards lth Company:Yellow
andservedwith the mainfield armies.Theydeliveredthe final
blow to th€ allies hope at Steenkirk.when the infantryhad The coarwasdark blue(probablya FrenchIndigo)with red
iroddendownenoughof thegroundto allowcavalryto be used. cuffs. Boththebodyof thecoatandthecuffs.astrell astheedge
After l700theyhadtheirshareofdefeatsithirteensquadrons of of the hat. werc decoratedwith s'lverlace.The patternof the
the Maisonwerepresentai the defeatby the DutchatEckeren. lacewasregulatedin the 1720s butprobablyhadremainedmuch
and al$ough not heavily engageda similar number of the same for over twcnty l,cars. this being born out by
souadrons wereat Oudenarde(at Oudenardetherewere also contemporary illustrationsof Gardesduringthe 1690sandihe
eight squadronsof the Gendarmerieof France. making early yearsofthe century.Heavyblackjackedbootswereworn
twenty-one squadrons ofelite cavalryinall.) and on campaignsoft leatherbuff gauntlets.The carbinebeh
Thefirstcompanyof Gardedu Corpswasformedin 14,10 and was lacedin silver. Originallythe lace had been positioned
wasknownastheScottishcompany.liwas formedfroma group around ihe edgeof rhe banderole.but by the beginflingof the
ofScotsin FrenchserviceunderJohnStuart.comtede Boucan p€riod in quesiion a distinctiveladder pattem had been
(Buchan?).The first captain of the new unit was Roben adopted.Likewisethe edgesof ihe shabrackandpistolholster
Patillochand many of the early captainswere Scots.As rhe cover were decoratedwith rnore silver lace. two bandsfor
prestigeofthe Gardesincreased the competitionfor command officersanda singlebandfor the humble guardsmen. Soldiers
of the companies becamemoreintense.indeedeventhe ranks of the regiment carriedtwo pisiolsand a carbine.
The latter,
of the Gardeswere filled with nobles.By rhe end of rhe although carried on the belt when in acdon was probably
'reversedand fixed in a boot when on the march.In bad
seventeenlh centurvthe captainswere all Dukesof rhe most
importanthousesinFrance.andnormallyMarechalsto boof. weathera blue cloak.linedin red. wasworn. This wascanied
The companies andtheircaptains wereasfollows: rolledbehindthesaddle.with justthe liningshowing. whennot

FIRSToTSCOTTISH COMPANY (formed1440)

Noteson PlateOn€
1678:Anne:Jules.
DucdeNoailles
The twocentralillustrationsshowthedressofa guardsrnan and
1707:Adrien-Maurice.
Duc deNoailles
a musician.Trump€tersandkenle'drummers of the Gardedu
SECONDoTFIRSTFRENCHCOMPANY(forned 1475) Corpsworecoatsofa palerblueihanrherankandfile with red
1672:Ja€ques-Henri
deDurfort.MarquisdeDuras cuffs.Unlikemos.otherRoyalregimentsthe Gard€smusicians
1704:Louis-Francois,
Duc deBoumers wore silverlaceratherthan th€ Livreedu Roi'. Th€ lacewas
1711:Armandde Bethune.Duc deCharost placed in venical bands dotln the body of the coat and
THIRD oTSECONDFRENCHCOMPANY (forrned1479) horizontallyaroundthe sl€eves.The shabracks seemto have
1675:Francois-Henride
Montmorency, DucdeLuxembourg been plain blue rather than in the companycolour and it
1695:Francois
deNeufville.DucdeVilleroi appearsro be that no evidenceof individualcompanies colours
is presenton the uniform. The references$at I have for
FOURTHoTTHIRDFRENCHCOMPANY (formed1516) musicians relatero th€ endo{the period,so it maybe the case
1676:Guy-AldonsedeDurfort,Comtede Lorges tharearliercompany colourswereworn.howeverit mayalsobe
1703:Henri.Ducd Har€ourt possibletbat the musicianswere organisedcentrallyand not
 l5
attachedto the companiesandthiscouldexplaintheabsence of
companycolours.The illustrationof rhe officer'scoat of 1715
WARRIOR MINIIITURES
14 Tlvertoo Av., Glatgow G32 9NX Scotland.
showsthe formalisedarrangement of ihe lacewhichbeganat New cataloqu€ €1.25+ S.AE.Plea!2staleint€r6tstorsample.
.'
thistimeandstayedmuchthesameumil themiddleyearsofthe Acl: O4l-r'r8 3426
cenrurv.Due to the conservativenatureof someelementso{ 15e ARIiIES onb !9.95 + 1.3{,pod 25m Aai4Es
Frenchmiliraryfashioni1is reasonableto suppose that officers &ilt\ F6.[ NaFl€oni; tGpddlclooiG !1695
RdEn tsr c. AD. Ecw R@list + f2.5o p.dl
dressedmuchthesamein the 1690s. Therearealsoillustrations Ecw Panil!Mb.;^ Acw arnid. Acw &irish.Fftfh, Pnsdan,RGrr,
ofthe companycoloursaswell astwo Gardesfrom the 1670s to ConJedenls, lSth C, FanEsl Goo4
Fmbr EL{ Zulu w* - zulus, Bntsh.
showrhedevelopment ofthe uniform.The irumpetand drum Fqi to dd i! aboE - tul de* h obl€w. + f2.50p6r
bannerwere bluewiththearmsof Franceandheavilydecorated SahMi Nom.,6.rd, LandshEtE
FUI Er€p ol 6sE 10 rdd ro .bow
with goldandsilverlace. ajar V,lu2!
Jull ffi ot ow Dnduct an46:
Standards 25m: MMluk6. ACw' Maedonian { tum W6, Ws ol th€ RG,
The standards ofthe companies werein the relevantcompany Llnd3rn€h6' Rmajlsci, Gauls,Dad<fu6, NomN, Sahuai Romns,
Monooi!. AW. MEX.AM Wd. Colonials,Jacoblte5.etc,
colourswith KingLouis sunin splendourd€vice in thecentrein r5m;r Md ;diods - I5mo equDMl tcu ACw
gold with the motto NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR'above it on a lb.A@a@pte.| Tfrd. etqdti8 hldted
goldenband.Aroundrbeedgeweredecorative embroideries in
gold andsilverwith a fringeol the same.Both sideswerethe

Wherecan I find2000MilitaryBooks?
ln the
THEGENDARMES
ANDCHEVAULEGER
OFTHE
GUARD KENTROTMAN
Catalogue
Nexr in senioritywirhin rhe cavalryo{ the Maisoncamethe ol course!
companiesof Gendarmesand Chevauleger.Despite their
differentthlesasfarasI canascertaintheyweredressed almost Ken Trotman Ltd
identically.Formedoriginallyascuirassiersduringihe reignof
Henry lV the Chevauleger companywas addedlater in the
mannerin whichtheGendarmerie ofthe earlysixteenthcentury o. Military History
hada followingof light-horsewhichsupponedthernby fighting and Waponry
in the successive ranks. At no time however do tbese
Chevauleger seemto havebeenusedin the mannerof light
horse.Indeedby the lime ofthe War ofthe GrandAllianceall
of the Frenchregimenrs of horsewereknownasChevauleger,
althoughther€ was no differencebetweentheir dressand
equipment and that of rhe cavalry of the Maison and
Gendarmerie.
The Gendarmesand Chevaul€ger were formed into com'
pan'esof200eachandlike theGardesdu Corpsthecompetition
for placesin the ranks. commissionsand caplaincieswas
intense.The captainswereasfollows: urrld]€ll A runr l9N2
!.ots ii lrill d lodlrdi0 0rhlidljd!

GENSDARMES
1673:Francoisde
Rohan.PrincedeSoubise Send for a tree cataloguenan'l
1703:Hercule-Meriadec
de Rohan.Princede Soubise Mailorderis our speciality.
CHEVAULECER KENTROTMANLTD,
1670:N. d Albertd Ailly,DucdeChevreuse UNIT11, 135 DITTONWALK,CAMBRIDGE,
170,|N. d Albertd Ailly, DucdeMontfort CBs 8QD
DressandEquipmentof theGensdarmes andChevaul€ger
In cut andstylethe dressoftheseregiments closelyresembled
rhdror lhe Cd'de' du Corp\.Lil,ewi.elhe changes o.curing followedthe practiceofth€ Gardesanddidn\ wearrhe Livree
during tbe period 16881715 were reflected here. Borh du Roi. Instead,over a coat of red lined and cuffedin blue,
regiments worered coats,heavilydecorared in gold lacein the bandsofgoldlacewereworn.Housingsandthe shabrackwere
caseof lhe Gensdarmes and nixed gold and silver for the r€d. By tbe War of the SpanishSuccession officen and NCOS
Chelauleger.No carbinebelt was worn alrhoughGuerard's wer€ wearingheavilydecoratedcoatswhich would remain
illustrationof 1697showsthatat leasrthe Chevaulegercarried a almostunchanged for fifty years,exceptfor the reintroduction
carbine.Chafirandin the OspreyMen-at-Armstide lisc them ofthe blackcuffsin 1715.
ashavingbeenequippedwirhjusrpistols.Beforethebeginning Unfortunaiely I have been unable to find a reliable
of our period fte Gensdarmes wore black cufh, but both reconstruction, of the lace of the Chevauleger,so it is not
regimens then appear io have had red cufh undl the possibleto show clearlybow their gold and silver la€e was
G€nsdarmes hadrheblackreinsuredforoff'cen andmen(but arranged.
not NCOS)around1715.
Slandards
Noieson PlateTwo The flags of both companieswere white with embroidered
The plareshowsthe dressof a Gendarmeat the time of the renderings of cloudsandlightning.Th€sewereframedin gold
GrandAllianceWar basedon the Guerardillustrationwirh an with a borderof gold and silverdecoration.Both sideswere
inset of the coat tail from the samesource.The musicians identical.
 ^4., t.<l'-
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18

INIERNATIONATSEEDING 9
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vanTrotsenburg.
Johnson,T.
E OldEdwardians
Guildford
386
379.r

OFPIAYERS asat I January1993(WRG2nded.)

RENAISSANCE:
By ColinWebster(Executive Directorof
l;e I ntemational Waryames Federai on) Position
Many warganerswill by now btaware that the International in world Name Club Points
wargamesFederation wasformedat the 1991Worldwargames 1 Ball,R. ShireLevy 264.5
Championships, held in Derby on 6 October 1991.Many 2 Currie,T. WhiteOctober 257.3
playersat thattimewonderedaboutthevalidityof staningsuch 3 Butler,R. Impalels 240.4
a body, but nevertheless it was formed,and a smallband of 4 Pielacki,H. Impalen 224.5
hardenedwargamersunder the leadershipof David Hutchby 5 Housten, D. B'Stard 222.7
and John Grant (both of the Derby WargamesAssociatet 6 Stovell, P. Bunshop 218.1
ploddedon, layingthe foufldalionsof the IWF whichwill be 7 Mcclynn. K. Scorpions 196.1
ableto effectivelyservethe needsofwargamers on a worldwide 8 Avis,D. ShireLeYy 192.1
9 Bezruki,E. lndependent 190.1
One of the projects undertakenby the lnternational 10 Aney,B- Impalers 184.8
Wargames Federationwas to starta seedingofplayers.The list
of seedingswould help tournamentdirectorsand umpir€sin Allwargamenareremindedthatanytournamentthathasbeen
producingbetlerchampionships thaneverbefore.aswell asto registered with the IWF cancountforse€dingpurposes- Should
giveplayersanideaabouttheirqwnabilitiesin relationtoother you want further informationon the Internationalwargames
players. Federation,please€ontactColin webster at PO Box 19275,
Many different systemswere investigated,and finally a Fisher'sHill. 1408.ReDublicofSouthAfrica.
systemsimilartothatusedbytheChessFederationwas adopted
at a normalExecutiveCommitteeMeeting.All memberclubs.
societiesandunionswererequested to submitresults,andat ihe
beginningof 1993the seedinghastaken over 15 tournament
resultsinto accountfor six differentperiods.Readersshould
THEWEMBTEYFACTOR
note that Nhereperiodsare playedto differentrule sets,for By ChrisTofalos
example,Ancientsplayedto bothwRG 6ih ed., andWRG 7th
ed.,will countastwoperiods. Lasryearshouldhavemarkcdmy returnio competitionin ihe
However,we areonly ableto publishthe topten in the three Nationals,aftera breakofalmosrtenyears-Dueto anapparenl
mostpopularperiodsas someof the resuhsare nol yet fully lackofinterestin 15mmancientsin the North West,I qualified
representative of all of the membersof the IwF. The results
by default for lhe finals in London and was really looking
forwardto rhe excirementthat only a suddendeathgamecan
give.ThenI discoveredthat a Swisssystem wasto be used.Four
games were guaranteed but. personally.I find suchan offer as
ANCIENTS:asat I January1993(WRG6thed.) appealing asthesaling. neler mindthequality.feelthewidth .
I droppedout.
Position This year'sN,rlionalsarealsosetto usethe samesystem.As
in rvorld Name Club Poinls organisersPinner are due to hold them again next year. I
1 Kroenke,T. 400.2 decidedrowritetorhemto appealfor a returnto thetraditional
2 Bird,J. Derby 351.4 knock-outrournament.Pinner'sreplywaslhatiheir o\\,nclubis
3 Obermeit,V. Darmstadi 350.8 fairly evenlysplitas to whichsysremto use.My offerto throw
4 McHugh.D. wildGeeseIII 341 the matteropenfor publicdebateNasgraciously accepted.so
5 Hardy,R. lndividual 305.7 whatfolloNsarem) vie\,'son rhesubject.Otherconpetitorsare
6 Barnfield,M. O€toberA 299.3 herebyinvitedto put forwardrheirolrn.
7 McKie.E. 287 I believethai the Swisssysrem.featuredat quitea few major
8 Stocks,N. Derby 282.9 evensoverthe pastfew ycars.hasa numberof disadvantages
9 Hacker,S. wildGeeseIII 219 for boih the individualandthe imageofthe hobbyits€lf.Most
10 Levy,R. OctoberA 253.6 rmpoflanrl). ir encourzge' players to go fora deci.i\emaximum
pointswin everygarne.To achievethis all too often requires
eithera searcblor ginmick-riddenarmiesor the adoptionof
ANCIENTS:asat I Januaryl99l {WRC7thed.} 'steamroller ractics-
The latter sometimes featuresunscrupulous gamersrushing
Pos ion lhrough rhcir narches In an efforrro sJin mJ\imum poinrsin
Club Points the short time available.I ve witnessedelastictapemeasures
1 Rabiner,P. OldEdwardians 1'76_9 and nbelievableargumenlsand. quite often. more experi
2 Bridge,P. CentralLondon s16.4 cncedplayersskippingthroughthe rulecalculalions so quickly
3 McNeil,L Reigate 155.6 that their opponen$ sland no chance ofspoting erron (\\'hich
4 Roberls,M. Sourh London inelirably fall in favour of thc speed kings ). This not to sav
420.I theseracticsar€ not usedin knock-outs.bul lo win underlhe
5 McNay,E. MiltonKeynes 402.1 Swisssystemrequiresfourhighscoringvicloriesandthisin itself
6 lan Wambeke,S. Belgium 397.5 increases the eruployment ofsuchabuses.
7 woodhead, G. GBU 389.2 There is also the problem of rhe luck of the draw . A good
8 Butler,S. ColdSteel plrlercomingup against lessexpcrienced opponentsjs in witha
386.2 real chance . Sho u ld he draw jusl oneequatly matched adversary
 l9
e\'en though the result may well go in his favour. his all
importanttotal pointsscorealmostcenainlygoesout of the

The knock-outsysrem offersa numbetof benefits.not theleast

of wbich is a financialone- My previousattempisat ihe
Nadonalshavealwaysinvolvedan enloyabledaylrip. If I got
knockedout in thefirstroundat leaslI gol ihe afternoonto look
at the tradestandsandother periods(or betterplayersin my Sottts
period!).
If I nade it ro the final I thenbookedinto a hotelandspent
the eveningdreaning up rny masler plan. tt meant added
expense but, considering I hadmadeit to 'wenbley', waswell BATTLEHONOARS IN EUROPE!!!
worth it. The Swisssysterncommilsme to a night in a hotel Nottavailable
from:
regardless ofwh€therI havea chanceof a prizeandcouldeasily B€mdKohler Gigarnesh
resultin playingtwo morecompletelypointlessmatches. (I get Nicolaus-Otto'Ring
8 Rda.SanPedro,53
enoughfriendliesat clublevel.) 35()7BaunatalI Barcelona
08010
Then, rhereis rhe questionof the qualityof the games.As Gemany Spain
alreadystat€d,Swissmeansa quest for maximumpoints. (tel)561498609 (8tt932464359
Knock-out.on the orherhand.meansa muchmoreinteresting ( arnelol
S.A.S. ChamD deMars e,Y
event.With a onepoint win beingenough,we generallyseea
more calculatedand thoughtfulaffair. Although the game \ffi
,'di,!'iiiff"#fi",-HlffmT.,
periodisequallyshort,playershave theopportunityto be more Iraly Fmnce
imaginative with theirbattleplan;a bir like comparingarapier ,/ \\
rklel)2
551-85266 flelr(l) 39-55-5t{8 &- -A
withabludgeon!
I haveseensomegreatfinalsoverthe yearsand all of th€m AMERICANCIVIL WAR
attracreda crowdof inrerestedonlookers. On one occasron.
the confrontationof two top ancientplayersat Reading,a
classic gam€resultedin a narginalwin and the largeaudience (oDE ^
burstinginto spontaneous applauseat rhe end-Whenwasthe AWr lnnrndrvsn.ing.srk cod. tepi
last dme you sawa real crowdround a table at a Swissstyle Awr
AW4
U/Cadvancins.
fck cGr. kepi
Urc*imi$ins. ftrk cdr. kepi
: (h=
F ffitr) -...
Knock-outsalsooffer lessexpedenced playersthe chanceto
Aw5
Aw6
UrcadYlnciis.jackd(kepi
U/Cskimhhiig-jlcke(lepi F .4e'*
becomegiant'killers.With a little luck, the narrowwins get
rhemro rhe final.IHF gameof lhe year.T$o na o$ \in.
underSwissmeansfinishingin the rop half of the lable - big
deall
For myself,I find norhingin lhe world of wargamingas
excitingas a KO event. Someyearsago I fac€dWI editor
DuncanMacfarlane in the Medievalfinal at Sheffield.Duncan
wasusinga Welsharmy and I remernberglancingover to his
tableduringthequarter andsemifinalsto seerow afterrowof CAVALRY se. $panre ri$ tor Hotrs
mountedknights bouncingoff the massesof spearmenhe AwC2 Coired.6r. mvslrynm
fielded.I tossedandturnedthroughouta sleepless nighttrying AWCr Ce.enh (l+3 hotrs)
to think ofthe answerto bearhim. ARTILLERY (crer 6 per pack)
AC]S Ahen.nCivilwli. Urion
The nextday.I laid out my little armyofthirteentbcent ry
French(occupying abouta two foorfrontageof thesixfoorwide ARTjTACw. r 2 pd, Naporeon
table).The sightof Duncan\ table-edge ro table-edge,eight
MSCT2ACW. rimb.r& Eam
rank deepspearblocksmademy handsliterallytrembleas I (diffea herdr.trppli.d)
placedeachunit in position.I did find the answerto those PRICECODES
spearmen(followingup my knightswith my own spearmen
BEFORE the mountedtroopsgot ejected)bu1,boy-oh-boy,
did I haveaworryingtime. s
To conclude.rhe footballingparallelis the League(where,
note.everyteamplayseye.yorherone,nol a randomfour) and
rhe FA Cup..The LeagueChanpionshipis consideredthe
ffi
premierevenr,but is thereanyleaguematchto conparewth
FN
rheCupFinalat WEMBLEY?

Battle Honours Miniatures

PHALANX93 325 Underhill Road
ST HELENS& ASHTON I-ondonSE229EA
* Mail Order welcome *
WARGAMESSOCIEIY * Free illustratedcatalogue* l5mm Rangesinclude
Septernber 25th NAPOLEONICS.ACW. ANCIEN]S &
Fot.le,ails contact RE\OLUTIONARY WARS* All now sold in Dacks*
B3fry Eee 0744.53125 SHOPNOWOPENMon-Sat9-5.30
Rob€rt Blinkhom 0925-E26364 Tel:0812994200Fax:0816930349[E lE
 l1

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 21
Ukrainewaseffectively suppressed by Soviettroopsin theEast, pro-German,mostwerepassionate *ith a serious
nationalists
of agricultureandin the west by
enforcingthe collectivisation mistrustof communismand all its works,seeingthe probable
strongmilitarypresen€e on tbe part of the armyofPoland.An Ge.nan victory as the only way of regainingan elementof
attemDtin 1939to establishan independ€nt Ukrainianenclave independence for theircountry.
in the previously
Czechterritoryof the Carpathians wasraPidly
stampedout by the HungarianaJmy.
FORCES
ANTT-PARTISAN
A significantnumberof thosewho cameforwardvolunteered
BARBAROSSA for the securityandanti-partisanmilitia unitswhichGermany
The destructionand divisionof Poland,and the launchingof raisedthroughoutthe East.Initiallyformedin late1941,by the
OperationBarbarossa in June 1941,revivedthe hopesof the Summerof 1942somesourcesgiveasmanyas50,000 or 60,000
Ukrainian nation. They hoped to benefitfrom rhe conflict Ukrainiansservingin the auxiliaryunitsofthe Germanpolice
"Schuma" for
belweentheir hugeneighbounbygainingtheirown independ- Schutzmannschaftdet OrdnungsPolizei, rhe
ence-The Germansand their alliesmarchedsteadilyEast- short. Almost seventybattalionsof UkrainianSchumawere
wards,occupyingall of Ukraine, which becamea German recruited,some acting as normal police, others as guard,
colony of sorts the ReichsKomissatiat;though the Western, frontline, fire brigade,engrneeror constructionbattalions.
Galician part of the country was attachedto the Polish Eachofthesewasgivena numbersomewhere between50 and
Generulcouvernment.'fo the Germaneconomy,this wealthy l70to identifyit, andhada Germancommander, adjutantanda
tand was a sourceof food supplies,and a region ripe for cadreof Geman specialists in controlofits stafffunctionsand
r/omoting Lebensraun.Here, as in so many cases,the operations.The Ukrainian Schumais believed to hav€
Germansmadea seriousefror. The driving out of the Red containeda smallnumberof cavalryunits,somedesignated as
Army, the Communistparty,and govemmentby the commis' 6lite'cossacki,anda numberofanillery unitsequippedforthe
sarswaswelcomedby the populationas eagerlyas by other most part with captured Polish or older Russianguns.
EastemEuropeans.They had no preconceived hatredfor the Photographs sho* the Schumacarryingcaptured Russianrifles
Germansor their army (which bad in fact providedsome without the fixed bayonet,sectionleaderscarryingthe PPsh
supportfor the brie ived1918republic) andthefirstfront lineSMG. The unit machine-gun wouldbe the RussianDP'record
units to enter Ukraine were indeedwelcomedwith genuine player'type, with a sprinklingof the Maxim .08 on wheeled
delightasliberatorsI However,theNaziparlystructurefailed to
harnessanti-Sovietfeelings,and by directinggrain and food Sovietpartisanswere alwaysactive inUkraine,particularlyto
suppliestotheReich,by deportingUkrainiansaslabourers. by thenorthofKiev andZhitomirwherethe hugePripyatmarshes
stiflingnationalistactivities,includingeducationand culture, lie. The coalfields
andthewheatcrops of the countrywhichhad
the Nazisbroughtabout a generalambivalence amongstthe becomevitaltothe Germanwareffortwereguardedfrom Red
partisanincursions
by a UkrainianNationalSelfDefenceforce,
a sortof"Home Guard",calledthe UNS. Thisforce,probably
oflinited valueevenin combatwith partisans,mayhavebeen
UKRAINIANARMEDFORCES aslargeas150,000 m€nat onestagein 1943.Theywerefor the
In sucha climateof conflictandsuppression, a wholerangeof mostpartwithoutuniform,andwereriflearmed.
Ukrainianarmedforc€sdevelopedrapidly. Somewere pro- A subsiantialnumberof Ukrainiansactuallyenlistedin the
Russian, somepro-German,somejoinedtheSS,othersformed GermanArmy Gomealsoin the Luftwaffeand Kriegsmarine)
"militia' type forces.These volunteers
inlo "Home Guard" or anti'Partisanunits,whilst yet others rather than in the
becamenationalistguenillasand fought againstboth sides. includednot only anti'Sovietinhabitantsof the countryand
when the Wehrmachtcrossedthe borderin June 1941.there formerRedArmy conscripts, but alsocamefrom thosewhohad
\^erea numberot rmdll Ukrdrnianunil. in a\lion.wearing fled abroadduringandaftertheBolshevikrevolutionandwere
"Barbarossa"to return to
German uniform with Ukrainian insignia.organisedfrom takingthe opportunityofferedby
amongstexileslivingin the R€ich.orUkrainianslivingin what theirhomelandandfightagainstStalin.
hadbeenPoland.Inanumberofcases theserroopswereusedas From thesemen were createdthe Ortrr4ppenbattalions
"Brandenburgert',wearingRed Army uniforrnsfor sp€cific rais€d throughout the ReichsKommissariat for front line
commando raidson Soviettargets. service.There may havebeenas manyas 200of theseunits
"nationally" raisedin
Of courseUkrainiansmadeup a sizeableproponionof the during the courseof the war, each
Soviet army in the Summerof 19,11.tho gh the retreats, Arnenia, Ukraine,Georgiaandsooni no definitivelist exhted
encirclement anddestructionofmany RedArmy unirsledtothe even at the time. Unfortunatelyfor theseUkrainiansOKw
caplureofenormous numbeF.Othearooktheopponuni0lo harboureda very seriousmistrustof the Eastempeoplesof
desertasthebattlenearedhome. Europe,andfearedmassdesedonorbetrayalby a trainedand
At this stagein the war. with Ukraine overrun by Nazi relativelywell-armed force.Soby 1944,a substantial nunberof
Germany,yet neitherindependent nor liberated.1hemilitary theseOst battalionsweretransferredto dutiesin the West.as
situationbecamevery complexindeed.The snall Ukrainian ganisonson the Atlantic wall, or actingagai$t partisansin
unitswhichhadarrivedwith theWehrmachtwere disbanded in France, Holland and ltaly. Two of these battalions,one
the Autumn of 1941.in the faceof oppositionby the Cerman composedof menfrom Ukraine wereincludedin the garrisonof
High Commandto anyexpression ofautonomy. the ChannelIslands,andthecemeteryat Tortevalon Guems€y
Despilethesemistakes,and the suppression. many Ukrai containsmemgriesof somewho diedtherefar awayftom the
nians.former Sovietcitizens,collaborated or cam€forwardto enemytheyenlistedto fight, facingopponentsfor whomthey
fight for Germanyjn late 1941afld 1942.Few if any were bore no hatred.Little wonderthat thesetroopsdid not enter

Opposite: Twophotosof Figwes,Arnour, Artilterf 20mmWorld war Il Russians and Getmans(obviouslybailing somev,herein
the Ukraine!) . Btlildhgs scratch-builtbJ Phil Robinson,Martin Wennof P.M .C., A Den h-frcn-Chester-in1he-cowboy-hat. See
theF.A.A.adonp.13.
 22
battle enthusiastically, and that one or two units actually these,led by GeneralTaras Bulba-Borovets existedin the
mutinied. regionof Volhynia for much of the war, and scoredmany
successes againstboth armies, including the ambush and
eliminationof the Reich-Kommissariat\ SA commander.
TIIE WAFFENSS Inevitablythe complexityof relationships *ithin the Ukrai-
The SS also activelyrecruitedUkainians into their ranks, nian nation led to links betweenthesefiercelyindependent
initiallyasauxiliaries,ddvers,andsoon, andeventuallythree partisans andtheirbrethrenservingin the ranksofthe Schuma
Waffen SS divisionswere built aroundvolunteen from this andthe UNS (HomeGuards)-It is probablethat a numberof
nation. partisans wereactuallypapermembersof UNS,andit iscenain
The l4th Waffen crenadier Division der SS known as lhe that the Schumaand OstbattalionUkminianssuDDliedthe
Galicianrukrainian No.l, under SSBrigadeFuhrerSchimana nationalisr padisan!wirh inrelligence. ueapons andsupplies'
wasrecruited flom April 1943onwards,with an initial massive From time to time covertoperationswerecarriedout by the
responseto a request for volunteen. The 30th Waffen German-controlled Ukrainiansand th€ independentUkrai,
GrenadierDivision der SS,knownastheRussis€he No2. under nians to eliminate Sovietpartisans on theirnation'ssoil.
SS Obent Seiglingwas a largely police and Schuma-based In early 1944,the partisangroupswere formed into the
fomation createdin July 1944,by whichtime Ukrainianwas Ukrainian InsurgenlArmy (he UPA) under the military
alreadylargelyoverrunby the Red Army. leadership of GeneralTarasChuprynka-S€hukhevych, andwith
One other Waffen SS formation drew on Ukrainian volun- a politicalleadership basedon the pre-1921 republic.Probably
teen. From late 1943the 29th Waffen crenadier Division der around 30,000men and women were involved as active
SS,theRussische No l,led byBmtislawKaminski, madeup of6 partisans,though support was far wider, and the UPA
or ?,m0 renegades,cut-throatsand other drcgs of largely controlledterritorybetweenthe Carpathian rnountains andthe
Ukrainian origin, was used in security and anti-partisan River Dneipr. The Gemans at one stageeven accusedthe
operationsbehindthe linesof Army croup Centre.Whilstin Hungarianarmy of co-operation and collaborationwith UPA
'action'Kaminskit mencommitted
appallingarrociries against forc€s,but werepowe.less to preventit.
the civilianpopulation.Retreatinginto Polandwith otherunits Originallythe UPA containedseveralcavalry,and even
ofthe Germanforces,they wer€usedin August 1944againstthe artilleryunits.Whenthe Red Army advancedwestwards and
PolishHorneArmy duringlhe Warsawrising.Someaccounts the Germanspulled out, the battle to defendUkraine was
indicate that on one day alone, this band of brigands organised into a numberofcommandsor fronts:North, West,
exteminated10,000Polish men,women.andchildren.Thevile Southand East.At this point the ranksof the UPA grewro
activitiesof Kaminskiand hh troopsled to their withdra$al includenot only someof the more committedUNS home
after the unanimous call of SSand Army commanders in the guards,but alsoGermanequippedSchumawhodid not wanrto
area. Bratislaw Kaminski was later shot 'in mysterious leavethecountry,togetherwith OstbattalionsandSSdeserter
circumstances' and the divisionwas disbanded.Many refer- and.lraggler'. bv no mean!dll Ukrainian in ongin.
encesto this formatiofl,incidentally,talk of the "Kaminski
Brigade",ratherthaothe29thDivisiono{ the SS.
A number o{ these men found their way inro the 30th SS TIIE FINAL BATTLE
mentionedearlier,which was transfenedto the Westin late FromMay 1945,the wholeofUkraine from the Carpathians ro
1914.Thereit conducteda numberof operationsagainstthe the Don wasbackunderStalin'scontrol,andthe final Dhase of
Frenchresistance, andaftersomeactionagainstAllied ground th€battlebegan.As the Red Army consolidated its gripon the
forces,thesurvivorscrossed backinto cermany.At the endof westemboundaries ofthe USSR.andthepoliticalbufferstates
the warthe remnantsof the 30th.anda fewof Kaminski's29th from Polandto Jugoslavia werebeingmappedout, the NKVD
weresubsumed into Vlasov'sRussianLiberationArmv. desDite andirsinternalsecurilytroopsmoved intoUkraine.TheNKVD
theirorigins.Probablyfo' thisreasonthe\uwivorsfo;lhe mosr waschargedwith huntingdownthe partisans, andcarryingout
part were handedback to Stalinby rhe Westernallies,and punitive actionsagainstany village. town or ethnic group
subsequently eliminated. suspected of aidingthe Cermansor supportingthe independ
Th€ l4th SS Division war somewhat luckier and better encemovement.The NKVD alsoconducted the massdeDona,
handled.During 1944it sawextensive actionin Russia,andin rionol wholepopularions in rhe 'egion.De.pitetherair rhar
July of thar yearmuchof the formationwasdestroyedin the theseNKVD specialformalionswere lightly armed,without
Tamow-Brody pocket. The survivorswere split into two large armouror artillery,their attentionswercenoughto weardown
groups.One reachedthe retreatingcerman lines, and was both the panisansand rhe population of Ukraine. The
movedinto Slovakiato reform; the othergrouptook up with Carpathianbreakout in 1946/47which invotvedUPA and
Ukminiannationalistpartisansand hid out in th€ Carpathian former 14th SS groupswas the final high poinr of a long
mountainsuntil the winter of 1946147 when. alons with a campaign.The NKVD broughtin enomousforces,including
numberof tbe panisans.they foughrrheir say thr;ugh the armouredunits,additionalair€raftandcavalryto intensifythe
Russianlines.toreachthe westemAllied Zone of c€rmany, campaignagainstthe UPA. By 1950or 1951the lasrof rhe
quitea fealofarms:Theelemenrol rhedivisionwhichwaspuL Ukrainianpartisangroupshadbeendestroyed up in the Pripyat
ro reformin SlovakiasawlirLle6ghrrngin thelasrmonrhsofihe malshes.Forthe UkrainianstheSecondWorldWarwasov€r.
war, though they weie involved in a futile attempt to crearea
UkJainianNationalAjmy, the Uvv, alongthelinesof Vlasov's
force, beforegoinginto British captiviry. Their $eatest pieceof WARGAMINCUKRAINIANFORCES
goodfortunewasthattheyavoidedrepatriationto the USSR.
Availability of ffgur€sin 20/25mmScale
The Platoon 20 range includes half a dozen figures which
UKRAINIAN PARTISANS representthe 'Schuma'in the earlypoliceuniformof 1942-43;
Some Ukrainianswere loyal to the USSR, and foughr as and figures from the Waryames FoundrJ cerman Infantry
partisanson their own territory.A substantially largerunder- series (pre-1943in field cap to representthe kit more
groundpartisanforcewascrearedfrom nationalists who foueht accurately), aswellasa numberftom the Ray€nthoQe list, can
bothrh€ So!iersand rhe cermans.The mosrIamousgroupof be usedto portraythe Schumain the laterwar period.It seerns
 23
to be more accurateto stick to the /eldmxlzeor sidecapwith
Schumaratherthanthesteelhelmet.
SSfigwesfor the 14th,29thand30thWaffenSSdivisionsare
CUSTERS
easily found in the splendidFigures, Armour, Artillery,
Wargames FoundryandRavenlhorpe lists.Ostbattalion
troops 32B€ecbwoodAvc,EsnhntBdsblBSl5SQW. Tet(I}?2.6110068)
lfl 25mm $ord.rds - hdMdlolvhondpoinled, wilt Dde N,lo61
can be got ftom these sourcestoo, though in some Ost p€iiods'ex$ocr. 9125eodl iinc.po$og€0ES91.25t
Battalionsa distinctive,almostRussianuniformwaswom, with
strictlynon-German insignia. tlfl -Aselo 20lorgeogo€neco drd€pci.gL.idmsof Se
Lmsdcon (imil€dedilion)oi % p€ls€iorfron€dot28 We
RevolLjion
Partisanand homeguardfigurescamefuomthe Resistance conyo tu| rcruBofoig noloid .epinl€dmiiiorycigoletlec!rchins€b,
rangesof WargamesFoundry, Raventhorp€and Platoon20. I
addedafewofthe SpanishCivil War F.A.A. modelsforvariety. t{fl- OU|om l525mmhondmodeb'rildig6/bdsondship6 oi vsry
The UNS 'Home Guards'I gaveGermansteelhelmetheads, clrnpefln€pdce!iorol offmodel,e.25mml'rbdislsipctl0
mainly the Raventhorp€ WWI pattem helmet, over civilian tlpc [OttH -Wotcho'i iorourodwilhm€ w producls ond
dress. Most Ukrainians wore headgearwith a V shaped ronc4 Weolo bly/elLOUALfiY 2t' fgues,scenery, evencomdele
indentationat the front of the band. a traditionalfeatureof
nationaldress,and amongstthe UPA old Polishuniforms,
nm 0l [of[ tor ut6t c utoc |lo lsE c.^!tl tYtnl|clrEfl.
German6eld grey, Russianbreeches, Italian and Hungarian
itemsseemto havebeencommonly worntogether.
As opponentsI usedthe Platoon20 and WaryamesFoundry
geatcoatedRussianfigures,thoughth€ latterrangeneednew
heads.The WsrE.mes Found.y officer makes a good NKVD
€ommissar ashe stands.
Rav€nthorp€also make a srnall range of WWII Hungarians
withwhon the UPA co-existed andco-operated.Itwouldalso
have been possiblefor ltalian and Romanian,even Slovak
forcesto havebeenin actionagainstthepartisansat somestage
in the war. Raventhorp€t comprehensiveranee will provide
these,andWargames loundry andF.A.A. haveItalianfigures.
Sovietpadsans, keyopponents ofjust abouteveryoneelsecan
be represented usingthe rangesmentionedearlier,paddedout Tridentof vlodimlt
with selectedPlatoon20 Red Army men with field cap heads;
theywouldneverbeseenin 'hardhats'. SSuniformsaswom bythe 14th,29thand30thWaffenSSare
For heavy weapons,Wargam€sFoundrJ and Raventhorp€ detailedin numeroussources,and variedconsiderably as the
produceMG34'sandMaxim.08's,whichwill serveeffectively; war went on. The collar patch of the 30th was a Russian
bothfirms makesuitablenortars andif the odd a illerv Diece orthodoxcross,horizontallywhite on black.Kaminski'smen
needslo appearon the table. a light weaponsuch'a; the allegedly worea Maltesecross,with crossed swordsbehind;and
Hirthliff€ RussianM1927,or German7.5tnfantrygun,or even the 14th wore a rampantlion, facing left, on their collars.
the little Rav€nthorpe Italian 65mmgun would be suilable. Ostbattalion troopsworea stupefyingvarietyof uniformitems
Therearc an enormousnumberoftru€ks.softskinsandAFVS andstyles,andtherearesuperbillustrations ofthesein Osprey
suitable{or the campaigns in and aroundUkraine available 147, Foreiqn Volunteetsof the Wehmacrt by Jurado. Ukmi-
from Cromwel, Hinchliff€, Raventhorp€,and Mik€ Papworth. niansin thistypeofformationwouldhavewom the blue over
One noteof cautionto rememberis that armourusedagainst yellowarmshield,particularlytowardstheendof thervarwhen
partisanswould generallybe old, secondrate, even second- therewereattemptstoestablish the UkrainianNationalArmy,
handsluff,andtrucksused{ar from the front wouldbe ancient theU.V.V. UkrainianOstruppenalsoworetheblueandyellow
raaherthanmodern.Kaminski'stroopswereallegedlyequipped cockade,sometimes with the tridentof \4odimir.
wiih capturedRed Arrny AFV'S and artillery. In terms of For UPA partisansany uniform colour will do, black and
partisanequipment,1944/45 wouldhavebeenthe bestperiod khaki, khaki and field grey, Polishdrab. All UPA partisans
with all mannerof Gerrnanand Axis itemsfallinginto UPA would have worn the Trident of \4odimir however,and
hands,therealteras conditionsbecamenore difficult, fewer possibly,on rare occasions, armbands,blueoveryellow.UNS
heavyandautomaticweaponswould beencountered, andmuch home guardswould be in civilian dress,possiblywith an
wouldbe captured,Sovietinorigin. identifyingwhitearmbandon duty.
I tendto operateny UPA padsansin groupsof around10; Russianpartisans, khakiwith a strongsprinklingof blackor
with GermanSchunaand SSunitsslightlysmaller,around8 brownleatherjackets, asfavouredby commissars, red staron
figures.NKVD unitsof15nguresseemsaboutright,andwhere headgear.The NKVD Internal Securitytroops would wear
cavalryisusedapatrolwill be threefiguresusually,but no more standardkhaki, but with pale blue shoulderboards,and for
than five. Sovietpartisansoperatein lesswieldy formations, officerspalebluetoppedcapswith a red band.Therewouldbe
around18to 20 nen, butwith far moreSMG'S. more officers in an NKVD uni. than in a normal Red Army
forrnation.The Ukrainianflag incidentallyh halvedpaleblue
overyellow,andthetridentof Vlodimiris illustrated.
GUIDETO PAINTING The rviderangeof "pro", "anti" and "independent"Ukai-
Schumapre-1943,wore a semi-police uniformof blackwith a nian forcesinvolvedin the strugglefor that countrybetween
verydarkgreensheen,achieved by dry brushing,thedeepcuffs 1940and 1950makesfor a very different kind of wargame
and collarsof this unifom beingHumbrol 88, rank chevrons scenario.In particularthe breakout of a very substantial
andbals in whiteon the left forearm.Post1943Schumawore nutnberof 14thSS,UPA, ex-Schuma and Osttruppenthrough
the Geman field grey,thoughsomeearlieritemspersisted. A theRedAmy andNKVD, acrossintemational bordenandthe
largeblackandsilverSchuna "swastika"badg€waswomonthe Iron Curtainto reachtheAmericanZonein 1947wouldmakea
left upper arm in this uniform, with epaulettesand colar superbshort campaignwith plenty of action, andthe opportun-
patchesblack,edgedinsilverandgreen. ity to includeeverything from JSIII'Stojets.
 "NOTONEUNDER
SIXFEETTALL"
The Batt1eof NonneBosschen
11Novernber1914
By David BicHey

INTRODUCTION about250all ranks.They weresufferingfrom fatigue,hung€r,

cold, shortageof ammunitionand lack of artillerysupponin
In my firlt articledevotedto a€tionsfrom the Great war in strength.
whi€hindividualunits playeda prominentor decisiverole I Only too awareof their precariouspositionthe B.E.F. had
consideredthe chargeof 2 WorcesteFat Gh€luvelton 31 begunto developa policy of defencein depth.Althoughthe
October 1914. The Batde for Gheluvelt had marked the front line consistedonly of a shallowand unrevettedtrench,
beginningof the First Baule of Ypres; the Battle for Nonne withoutcommunication trenchesor buriedphonelines,Haig
Bosschen on 11November1914wouldeffectivelymarktheend hadorderedhislstCorpsEngineento beginworkon a seriesof
ofthatBattleandwouldsecure theYpresSalientintothewinter strongpointsbehindthe ftont line. Totallingfive in number
months.ln the interveningelevendaysthe remainingregular they were revetled and surroundedby a singlefenceof barbed
arny unitsof the BritishExpeditionaryForc€hadbeenfurlher wire.Theywereto prcvealmostimpregnable to infantryattack
reducedin operationalstrengthup tothe point wherein places on the 1lth.
the Frontwasheldby groupsoI two orthreemenin a shellhole
or a sc pe of a firing trenchwith no contactwith othermen
within severalyards.It was againstthis backgroundof the OFTHEBATTLE
THEOPENTNG
realityofBrigadesreducedto BattalionstrengthandBattalions
The Germanbombardment whichprecededthe assaultbegan
reduced to Company strength that the Battle of Nonne
Bosschen wascontested betweenwhatwasverylooselytermed at about 6.30am on 11th November.So heavy was this
a Guards"Brigade"of the B.E.F. and the full strengthof lwo bombardment that manvB.E.F. unitswereforcedout oftheir
positionsin the trench€sto find what shelterthey could in
freshPrussianGuardDivisionswith massiveartillerysupport.
This was the final blow aimedat breakingthe B.E.F. in the nearbywoods(seemap).By 9.00anrhe banagehadbegunto
field, moving on to seizeYpres and break throughto the lift towardsthe rear areaswherethe Germanssupposedthe
ChannelDons.thefinalDhase in the racefor the sea. reserves to be. As the baffageliftedthe B.E.F. unitswereable
to leavethe shelteraffordedby the woodsandretum to their
trenches.justin time to facethe fi.stofthe Germanattacks.
GENERALSITUATIONAROUNDYPRESDURING The 4th Division.attackingto the southofthe MeninRoad,
EARLY NOVEMBER suffered badlyat the handsoftheB.E.F. d€fend€rs. Thetwelve
battalionsof the Pomeranians and West Prussians suffered
DuringtheBattlefor Gheluveltthe Germanshadsucceeded in heavilyfromthefire of theeightbattalionsoppositeihem.They
breakingthe B-8.F.\ line,but hadlackedthedetermination to wererepulsedagainandagain,until their attackpeteredoutat
prcsshometheir localadvantages andhadoften miscalculated about 4.00pm, having sustainedin some units over ?0%
the strengthof unitsin the line afld in reserveoppositethem.
The chargeof 2 Worcesters had restoredthe positionand the The GuardDivision,attackingastridethe road,mademore
line had beenheldandlater redrawn.At the Battleof Nonne headway,althoughthe 4th PrussianGuardGrenadierRegim-
Bosschenthe Germanswould once more break throushthe ent to the southof the roadwasheld up by the B.E.F.'Srapid
B.E.F.s lrneonly to farlaga'nto recognise andexploiirheir rifle fire. Southof the road, the 4th Royal Fusiliers,the lst
success and to be repulsedby anotherunit makinga charge Royal ScotsFusiliersand the lst NonhumberlandFusiliers
whichwouldsavethewarandeamthema placein history.This were drivenfron their positionsby the end of the day and a
time the unit wasthe 2nd Oxfordshireaod Buckinghamshireshort sectionof the B.E.F.'Sline taken and held by the 4th
Light Iflfantry. Prussian GuardGrcnadierRegiment.
The Germans'attack againstthe B.E.F. wasto be entrusted North of the road the artackwas againstthe 2nd Duke of
to a fresh,€lite Army Corpswhich took its placein the line wellington'sRegiment,some840strong.Theataackwasledby
oppositeGheluveltduringthe night of 9/10Novenber.Those threebatralio.softhe 2ndGuardGrenadiers, some2,100men.
unitsinvolvedwereftom the Pomeranians andWestPrussians The positionwasovenunbeforethe defenders couldreturnto
of 4thDivisionandWinckler\ CuardDivision.Theywereto be their trenchesand the leadingGermanbatialionreachedthe
commanded by Plettenbergof the GuardCorps.Theirrolewas positionheldby the Dukeofwellington'sin weldhoekWood.
tospearhead thenewassault andfinallyto breaktheAllied lifle. Their supportingbattalionswere deterred{rom followingup
On 10NovembertheGermanslaunchedan attackto the north this success by the fire of 1st Di sion\ anillery and so the
ofthe B.E.F. positionto preventtheFrenchholdingthatsector Dositionin thewoodsoonstabilised andthelinein thatareastill
from aidingtheir allieswhen the main attackbeganthe next held.
dav. It wasto betheremainingunitsofwinckler'sGuardDivision
The attack was to be deliveredby the Guard and 4th whjch were to achievethe Germanbreakthrough.Opposing
Divisions,but in the endthesupportingattack1othe southwas them were the 200 men who remainedfrcm the lst Scots
frustrated and only half-heanedlypress€dhone. These Guards,supportedby aboul600men ftom the rcmainsof lst
attackingunitscomprisedsome25 infantrybattalionstotalling CameronHighlanders and1stBlackwatch. To thenorthofthis
some17.50061ite andfreshtrooDs. position,at rightangles.wasthe King's(Liverpool)Regiment,
lhe enlrreB.l-.1-.detence oDDolrelhem.trom In dnd3rd about 450 strong.Againstthem now movedtwo tull Guard
Divisionstotalledat most 7,850men, includingcavalryand Regiments,eachof ihree battalions.The defendenenjoyed
reserves. The unitscomprisingthisforcewereveryreducedby only the supportof rhreel8pdr gun batteries,firing blind into
overthreeweeksin the line; manybattalionsbeingreducedto 'No Man'sLand'. Thusthe lst and 3rd PrussianFoot Guards
 25
quicklyoverranthe positiono{ the ScotsGuards,only fivemen
escaping alivefromthetrenches. The survivor ofthe othertwo
Scottishbattalionsfell ba€k into the newly preparedstrong- K&MTlees
points.
The Germanbreakthrough wasnow to find itselffunnelled are nowoflering a ilirect order
betweentwo of thesestrongpoints,that of the Black watch, M.O.serviceonall products.
defendedby alieutenantand40men,andthatofthe combined PleasesendlargeS.A.E. for colour
HQ at Verbeck Farm, defendedby the two battalions'
CommandingOfficers and their stafhl The Black watch brochures& prices.
strongpointprovedtoo tough{or the PrussianGuard to take Minimum order:!5. Ordersoverf,10postfree.
and, as they cameunder fire from the survivorsof the two
battalionsshelteringin Glencourse Wood, theytook shelterin Postage75%Ouerseas 40%.
NonneBosschen.From the edgeof the wood the Germans
could now seetheir last obstacle:the three 18pdrbatteries, 4 North Street . Beaminst€r. Dorset DT8 3DZ
whichhadearlierinflictedheavycasualties, defendedonly by TeL 0308863420
thergunnefi,
At this iuncturethe B.E.F.'Snerve held and neitherthe
gunnersnortheKing's(Liverpool)Regiment,whoseflankwas
now threatened,withdrew-Insteadthe batteriesbeganto fire
into thewoodwh€resome900Prussian Guardhadgatheredby
10.00am. Opposingthen anddefendingthe gunsweresome30
men,mostlycooks,veterinaies,andstragglers!The Germans
now completelymisinterpreted their position,and,insteadof
pressinghometheir attack,consolidated their positionin the fr6,fu
ffi
wood.This error gavethe B.E.F. commandprecioustime to
strengthenits own exposedposition.Thus 2nd Connaught
Rangerswere able to line PolygonWood and prctect the
exposedflank of the King's. while 2nd Oxfordshireand
Buckinghamshire Light In{antrywere movedright up to the
westernedge o{ Nonne Bosschenfor a counter-attack.In
.?'hg#
'oh'hh
reservewere now three companiesof the Highland Light
Infantry,somecyclists,and lst Coldstream Guards,about100 -r )rYY
men strong.The remnantsof the lst GuardsBrigadewere
reinforcedby the lst Northamptonshire Regiment. Battleof NonneBosschen,1l November 1914
originallineofthe Britishsupportpositionsbythe
fire of French
75mmbatteriesfallingshort-On 12Novemberthe attackwas
CHARGEOF TIIE 2NDOX & BUCKSLIGHT
calledoffand the taskofburyingthedeadbegun.
II{FANTRY
Time had almostrun out for the G€rmanattack.Thoseunits
whichhadatt€mptedto work their wayout ofthe woodto the AFTERMATHOFTHEBATTLEFORNONNE
north had beenhaltedby the fire of the three18pdrbatteries BOSSCHEN
andtheir snall rifle groups.Convinc€dthat theyfacedserious
Wilh thecloseofthe actionson 11NovembertheFirstBattleof
localopposition,lhey hadbegunto digin on rheedgeofNonne
Ypresdrifted to a close.Between15 and 22 Novenber the
Bosschen andto DreDare for a full assault.
Firenowraineddown
Frenchtook over lhe British seclorof the salientuntil the
in thewoodfrom urto fourseDarate B.E.F. batt€ri€sand
from
followingyear. Between12 October and 22 November.he
French 75mm fieid guns. Although superior in available
B.E.F.'S casualtiestotalled 58,155.Of the Regular Army
firepower,the Germancount€rbatteryfire wasina€curate and
battalionswhichhad foughtfrom Monsto Ypresthe average
few casualties
resulted,exceptamongsttheirowntroopsin the
roll wasoneofficerandthirty men.Had the PrussianGuardin
NonneBosschen realisedhow little had stoodbetweenthem
Ar abour 1.00pmthe 306men of the 2nd Oxfordshireand
and a conpletebreakthrough thenthewarmaywellhaveended
Buckinghamshire Light Infantryreacheda positionto the rear
in that month.That it did not wasin no little way due to th€
of th€ tbre€ lspdr batteries opposite Nonne Bosschen.
gallant and determinedaction of the 2nd Oxfordshircand
Learningofthefrailtyof the positiontheirLieutenantColonel,
Buckinghamshire Light Infantry.
H.R. Davies.formedhismenup for anattackto clearthe*ood
oIGermans.Alittle be{ore3.00pmthe battalionmovedoff for
the attack. WARGAMINGNONNEBOSSCHEN
The battalionmovedinto the open groundto the westof The wargamerinterestedin fightingthe actionsin and around
NonneBosschen andcalmlyadvanceduntil they couldcharge NonneBosschen hasa numberofchoicesfacinghim, from the
into thewood.Heretheykilledor capturedeveryGermanwho full recreationof all the eventsof 1l Novemberto specific
resisted themuntil$e woodwascleared.On emerging fromthe eventswithin-thebattle, suchas the actionsof the Prussian
woodtheretiringGermanunitsfoundtheirflanksenfiladed,to Guardsintheiiinitialattacksorin NonneBosschen itself.Many
their left by the King\ in PolygonWood. to their right by the gamerswill feeldrawntowardsa recreation ofthe charyeofthe
remnants of iheCamerons. In thefaceof witheringfire andsuch Ox & Bucks,whichultimatelyswayedthe battleandsavedthe
determined countr-attacktheGermansfalteredandthengave clay.
way.In all the2ndOx & Buckshadlost5 killedand22wounded Thosewargamers whowishto recreate or refightthewholeof
in the action.Bv duskthe wholeofNonneBosschen wasin the theactionsof 11Novemberwill probablylind themselvesdriven
handsofthe B.E.F. andtheBlackWarchstrongpointrelieved. by economiesof scaleand financeto use 15mmfiguresor
The attackerswere preventedin progressingbeyond the smaller. Minirture Figurines have a comprehensiverange of
26

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253SellyoakR{, BirysNortor,
BiroiryhaD
830IER
,{/so aratab.lej Hard Poundingcomputer
moderarednrles for NapoleonicWarfare
U89 to 1830.
Fo! Atari ST.Amiga and EM Compatibles.
figuresand equipment,althoughthe FrenchZouavebattalion
which straddledthe Menin Road will need to be 'bofrowed'
from their Franco-Prussianlange. ln smaller scalesIrregular
Minirtu:es offer a useful mnge of figures for the tabletop
general.
Any gamer who feels drawn towards more lo€al actions
within the battlewill havethe optionof using20mmor 25nm
fig$es. Britannia Miniaturer can provide a range of suitable
20mn figures,eachone a smallcharacter,althoughthe metal
tendsto be rather brittle. In 25mm\trsrgamei Foundry have a
growingrangeof figurcs suitable,althoughthe early war figures
in capand pickelhaubeare in a minority.
It will be important to rememberthat the three 18pdr
batterieswhich halted the advanceout of Nonne Bosschen*ill
needlo be represented on the table, althoughother B.E.F.
artillery and all French and German anillery fire will be best
representedby off-table fire. lt will be necessaryfor those
off-table elementsto esaimateranges,with even then the
German fire having a 50% chanceof falling short into Nonne
Bosschen.This off'table fire might be best handled by an
umpire,or, if oneis not available,by eachplayerop€rating the
fire for hisopponent.
The relativestrengths of the B.E.F. unitsandthoseof their
Geman opponentsare indicatedin the text. Most rule sets
availablegive a rnan : figu.e ratio and so the numberof figures
requiredmay be qui€kly calc|Jl^ted.My o\ tn RulesJor the Grcat
Wat 1914-15have a man : figure ratio of 40 : 1. Thus th€ 900
Prussian Guardin NonneBosschen wouldbe represented by 22
figures,the 306men of the Ox & Bucksby 8 figures.lt can
readily be seen that even when other units presentare
consideredthereis no prohibitive expenseinvolvedin refighting
this actionin a larger scale,
Terrain must represent the area arcund Nonne Bosschen
itself, with the edgeof the other woodsforming the table edge
from where the retreating cuards were enfiladed. It will be
ncsenD.s&rdetQEd) f2325 wo dinFlaro !4795
Napol€onsFidBard6(Qud) !2325 GmpaigitoslalingEd nA%
N.wR.l.a*
Mnn@ BlusM4 R€dBdieda N.pdoN Lsp{isGmD3isn Ed€tqeis
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& P6bsztot
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possiblefor the gifted terain builder to constructthe trench and
strongpointfeatures,althoughthere are a number of commer-
cial itemsavailablefrom severalmanufacturers.Whilst muchof
the actiontook placewithin th€ wood,treemodelsshouldnot
be sonumerous asto preventfiguresbeingcomJortably moved.
Gamerswill needto beawareoftheproblemsofvisibilitywithin
a woodedarea and to ensurethat movementand cohesionare
more difficult.
I would suggeslthat specialrules be consideredto cover the
moraleof the unitsinvolved,makingit more difficultfor the
Germansto advanceon th€ir objective and ensuring that the
B.E.F. forcesstandfast despiteadverselosses.lt might be
expedientfor the chargeof the Ox & Bucksto be madewithout
recourseto moralecheckor to treat the PrussianGuardswithin
Nonne Bosschenas disorderedor flinching foops. Although
the Germanshad more guns available to support their attack
they were out-foughtby the B.E.F. artillery. This could be
represented by the German player dicing each turn for
availability of on-target fire. Any fire which proved to be off
target could then be deemedto have fallen into Nonne
Bosschenitself and casualtieson the Guard units therein
calculated.
Thereis muchwithin the dayh eventsin andaroundNonne
Bosschen to occupy the Great War student. We should
rememberthat the war itself wasnot to end until four yearslater
to the day andcountlessmoremenhad givenup rheir livesto its
ceaseless demands.It is aswell for wargamersof the Great War,
or of any other war, alwaysto bear this in mind and to be
thankfulthatattheendofthe contesttheirtroopscanbesaf€ly
storedawayuntil nextcalleduporto marchto gloryor to death
anddefeat!
Ir the next anicle in thh series I shall move back to the
openingmonthsofthe war, to AugustandSeptember 1914,to
considerthe actionsof elementsof the B.E.F.'S Cavalrv
DivisionagainsttheirGermancourterparts.
 &frDta 4e2 De@1c4

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atl'o t4 alrr.. l'152Pl. Cltl.66
I.d.fl.l& 4.x. tL, l.r ta.r

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28

COLONIATDBA KEEPWARGAMING
By NormanWood PaulandTeresa
Bailey
ffi
Adaptingthe WargamesResearchGroup'sDBA ancientrule ffi 'B*1,:::oJ,'.$i.::i
h:ti?I:ffi,'
systemfor othertime periodsis muchin vogueatthe moment, Y-CtSagfiE Tet& Fax (0380)724558
so I thoughtthat I would add somethingto this processby Wesh.ll b.atth.lollowins shows i.th.n.!rftnurc:
puttingforwardmy ideasforacolonialDBA rulesystembased
primarilyon theB ritishcampaigns
in ZululandandtheSudan.I
bel;evethatthe DBA systemis particularlywell suitedto these Pooreopen Day

Ror aa r, DudsGbre

TROOPDEFINITIONS
Troopsare dividedinto the followingt)?es: RegulaE,War'
band,NativeRifles,Cavalry,Light HorseandArtillery.
R€gulars - Trained troops armed with rifles who fight in
{ormation.e.g.Britishor Egyptianinfantry.Theyarebasedas
Blades.
i '
W6rband- Nativesarmedwith spearsor swords.Theywould Hsoc&Fns F 0!6&Rourd$4M

advancerapidlyon their enemy,hopingto overwhelmthemin

dx, he€n; tujinir Ed
thissuddenrush.e.g.Zulusor Fuzzy-wuzzies. Mdchbxv.hth:A

Nativ€Rifles Nativesarmedwith rifles.Thesewere usually

rifleman.Based
ineffective.e.g.Zuluswith riflesor Sudanese
asAuxilaries. oerei! M€ia'ahs .h€: v€nr!Ed&c

Cavalry-Anyone on a holse,apartfrom Light Horse These

werearmedwith riflesandwouldannoy/occupy the enemyat
longrange,e.g.Bo€rsandperhapsEgyptiancavalry.
Artillery - Cannons.(Gatling guns and rockets are not
covered.)

Cavalry destoyedby any mountedin contactor if in bad

MOVEMENT going.Ifnot recoil.
Light Horse- asCavalry.
500paces- Light Horse
Artillery- destroyedby anyin €ontact.Ifnot, recoil.
400paces- Cavalry
300pa€es WarbandandNativeRifles If an elenent'stotal is lessthanhalfofthe enem.,
200pace. ReguldrsandAnrller) in goodgoing Light Horse destroyed by anymountedin contactor if in bad
Artillerymaynot movein badgoing. going.If not. llee60{Jpaces-
Dishtrt shooting Others- destroyed.
Artillery fire 600paces warband and Cavalrywhoseenemyrecoil or are destroyed
Rifles fire 500paces pursuefor onebasedepth.
(-100 if Afncan)

CLOSECOMBAT ARMIES
Combatfactorsare asfollows: Obviouslya battle betweentwo armiesof equal sizewould
Regulars+5 (Egyptians+4) resultin victoryforlhe Britishdueto theirdisciplinedrifle fire.
Warband+3 ThereforeI wouldsuggest that the nativeAfrican forcebe at
leastrwicethe siz€of the British. For a Zulu war battlethe
NativeRifles+2 (DismountedBoers+5 whenfiring)
Cavalry+3
Lighi Horse+2 British
Artillery +3 (+2 if African-crewed) 6 x Regulars(redcoars)
Additionaltacticalfactorsare: 3 x NativeRifles(NatalNativeContingent)
2 x Light (Boervolunteers)
Regularsin closecombatin badgoing-l 1x Artillery
ln preparedposition+2
Zulu
Combatoutcome 20xwarband
lfan elemenfstotalis lessthanthatofthe enemybut morethan 4x NativeRifles
half:
Regulars-destroyed
by Warbandor Cavalry.If not, recoil.
Warband- destroyed
by Cavalryifin goodgoing.Ifnot, recoil. WINNINGANDLOSING
NativeRifles destroyedby any mountedin conta€t.If not, The Britishlosewhenall theirregularbases
aredestroyed.
The
recoll, nativeslosewhenhalfoftheir armyhasbeendestroyed.
 29
'PARSON ...FORGOD'S SAKEPRAY!"
TheStnrg$efor FortDonelson
A smafiscaleFfoe& futy scerado
By StuartHarri.ton

BACKGROT'ND l3 February 1862

At dawnon the 13th,M€Clemandmadean impetuousassault
With the fall of Fort Henry, Albef SidneyJohnstonfinally gave on a baueryin frontof hisposition,but wasdecisively repulsed,
up all hope of holding on to Kentucky for the Confederacy. all three of the chargeshe made against it suffering heavy
Instructing the garison at Fort Donelson to cover Hardee's
withdrarvalfrom Bowling Green, he decidedon a concentration The ironclad gunboat Carondelermade a lone, but ineffec-
at Nashville,in an effort to staveoff disaster.Throughourthe tual, demonstration againstthe waterbattedesofDodelsonat
winter of '61l'62he hadauemptedto improvisethe defenceof a around11am,the other components of the fleet beingaway
line runningfrom Columbusin the w€stto the Cumberlandcap engag€d in escorting transpons full of reinforcements for
in theeast-It hadat lastprovedto be an unequalstruggle. Gran.'scommand.Sufferingdamage,shewithdrew.
The speed of Fort Henry\ demise had shockedJohnston That aftemoonSmith'sDivisionwasorderedto probethe
almostasmuchasit hadelatedGrant. DespiteDonelson\rapid enemy.AJter someinitial success,it wasforced quickly back to
reinforcement duringthe weeksincethe fall of its neighbour, its originalposition,somewhat reducedin manpower.
Johnstondid not expectthisbastionon the Cumberland to hold Today Grant had learnt only that the Confederateswere
out any longer.If the garrisoncould buy sufficienttime to stronglydug-in and readyto fight. Tomorrow, with the addition
preventGrant falliflg on the flank and rear of the retreating of the garrisonof Henry, the waterbomereinforcements and
Hardee,thenslip awayto join the Confederate main body ar the remainderof the fleet.he wouldDushthemharder.
Nashville,the lossoI thefort wouldnot be entirelyin vain. Across the outworks, the Cdfederate commanoerar
ShelbyFoote descdbedthe Cumberlandand Tennessee Donelson,BrigadierGeneralJohn B. Floyd, had remained
rivers in the vicinity of Henry and Donnelson,as "like a inactive,suffendedngthe initiative to Grant, despiteout-
double-barelledshotgunlevelledat Johnston'shean". So it numberingthe besiegers. Perhapshe consoledhimselJ with the
was, with the weaponnestledin crant\ shoulder.He had news ariving that evening,that Hardee had made it to
scoreda hit with the first barrel,be wasaboutto unleashthe Nashvilleundisturbedby Grant\ attentions.lt only remained
se€ond.With eachblast.Grant'sreDutation increased- for him andhis troopsto join the mainbodyat the Tennessee
capital,forJohnston'sdesignto be complete.
TIIE ACTIONATFORTDONELSON l4 February 1862
Bydawnof the 14ththe Unionreinforcements hadanivedand
BrigadierGeneralLew Wallace,famedauthorof Ben Hur, Grantnow hada slightnumerical advantage. He fullyexpected
usedhis literarytalentsto describea sentry'seyeview of the the eventsof todayto be a repeatof the actionat Fort Henry,
Confederate works: with the navy knockinghell out of the fort, while the army
"The fort itself wasof good profile, andadmirablyadapted preventeda brcakoutandmoppedupafterwards.
to the ridgeit crowned.Around it, on the landwardside, At noon the navy began their assault,the army having
ran the rifle-pits,a continuousbut iregular line of logs completed thedeployment of thereinforcements. Lessthantwo
coveredwith yellow clay. From Hickman'sCreek, they hourslater,with theirsteeringgeardamaged andhullsholed,all
extendedfar around to the little run just outsidethe town four ironcladswere in full retreat. their commodorewounded.
on the south.Ifthe sentrythoughtthe pitslookedshallow This wasto be no Fort Henry.
he wassolacedto seethat they followedthe copingofthe Union and Confederate picketsskirmisheduntil dusk, but
ascents,seventyor eightyfeet in height,up which a foe both sides appearedto agree that the fire and fury of the
mustcharye,andthat,wheretheywereweakest,theywere gunboatactionwassufficientactivityfor the day.
strergthenedby treesfelledoutwardin front of them so l5
February 1862
that the interlockinglimbsand branchesseemedimpass- In the
early hours of the moming, Floyd called a Confederate
ableby meflunderfire." councilof warwhichagreedto attempta breakout at dawn.The
Two water biatteriescommanded the river above the small northemdefences $ere stipped ofmen, andtroopsmassed in
settlementof Dover, which was tully containedwithin the assaultformationsin the vicinityof Doverwaitedamidiceand
Confederatedefences,and describedby Wallaceas being snow,for firstlight.
". . . meagerin populationandarchitecturally poor". As dawnbroke the Rebel lines went forward, but alerted by
their pickets,the Federalinfantrywasreadyto receivethem.
12February t862
Marching overland from Fort Henry, Grant, with the divisions The battle ragedfor fully three hoursbeforeheary Confederate
pressurebeganto tell and Mcclemand's men gaveway.
of Smithand Mcclernand,arrivedwithin strikingdistanceof
Donelsonabout noon on the 12th. Smith took uD Dostion The escaperoute was now open. With crant away, in
opposrreIhe nonhem deiencesof the Conlederate conference onboard the wounded commodore's flagship,
;urworks. "... no ideathattherewouldbe anyengagement
whileMcclemandmarchedto investthe south. having on land
The investmentwascompletedduringthe remainderof the unless I brought it on mlself', andhislastorde6 to hisdivisions
positions, it
day, with the unusualsituationoI the investorshavingfewer forbidding any movement from their current
seenedFloydhadwonthe day.
troopsthanthe invested.
Fearinga counter-attackagainsthis exposedflanks and
 30
receiving conllicting advice from his divisional commandeN. I havea sneaking suspicionit wasmorea commenton theability
insteadof seizingthe moment,Floydchoseto remaina captive oI the ConJederate commanders to defendthe post,thanir was
andorderedhistrcopsbackinsidetheirworks. an expression of fear,for ascanbe seen,the navalsideof rhe
Granlarrivedbackar Donelsonaroundlpm, summoned by actionwasdecidedlyundecisive,
panic^lrickensraft. Quicklymakinghiswayiothe Unionnghi. andI makenoexcuses for not
includingit in the game-
h€ ralLiedMcclernands rroops.senra requertfor rhe nav! to
make a morateboo<Ling demonslrationaAarnstthe fort and Terrain
orderedSmilhs Dilision ro makean alfouiassaulrasarnslrhe The swampborderingHickman'sCreek h impassabte to all
thinl)heldRebellin€ nodhottndianCreek. unitsexceptvia road movement.The main channelof Indian
With WaUaceadlancing in suppod. Smith capturedrhe Creek may only be crossedby artillery units using road
^ movement.Confederate
c.onrederate worksandwasabtetobringarri ery tobearonlhe earthworksprovidea 2 modifierto
fon ilself.RebeitroopsofBuckner'sDivisionarriv€din timero fire combat,and a +2 modifierto chargecombatfor all units
sroprberol. bur ro Floydihingslookedpretrybleak. behindthen. The abathmaynot be crossedby a illery.Other
Duritrglhe nighr.lhe Confederare commander hetdhrsrhird umts may cross the abatis without incurring any movement
councilof warof thesiege.OnlyNathanBedfordForest, there penalty,but be€omedisorderedaftercrossing itandmustrollas
by vftue of beingin commandof the cavalry, had anyfight left suchon themovementtablenextturn. An inJantrybrigademay
in him. Of rhe others, Ftoyd and pillow, fearinq Federal destroyabatisat the rateofone inchper threesrands,but only
relribution.decidedrosavetheirskins,whiteBuckneiasreed ro after spendingone completegametum haltedat the abaris,
stayro handlerhesurrender, duringwhichtime it mustnot be fired on by anysmallarmsor
cannisterfire. The town of Dover is treated as woods for the
. .In the smallhoun, Floydcommandeercd dver rransportfor
purposesofcombat,movementand line of sight.All anillery
himself.andhis original command,a brigadeof Virginians,
while Pillow found an old rowing boar ind made good his standsfiringfrom a "comnandingposition"(markedby a..C"
escape, accompanied onlybyhischiefofstaff.Hardlya glorious on the gameboardmap) add +1 firepoint per standto their
firing sfiength. Troops defending behind a crest line or in
Forest decidednot to fall in with the surrenderDlans.That woods,rcceivea +1 modifier to combat(modifiersare not
night.wirhinfanrrymen swungup behindhistroopers.heledhis cumulative).
commandacoss the ice cold Cumberlandto safetyon the Starting posiaions
oppositebank.Earlier,at the councilofwar, he hadventured Confederatetroops may set up in any formation,
anywhere
tbat the entire force take this route, but as the most junior within their earthworkssouth
of Hickman'sCreek, the only
officer, he had been ovenuled. Untit his dearh. he ;lwars restrictionbeingthat Buckner\ Division
must be north, and
believedrhewholeganisoncouldhaveescaped by thispath. Pillow\ Divisionsouth,oflndian Creek.Thecanison Bigade
16Febru.ry 1862 and Fonest'scavalrymay be positionedantrrherewithin the
Betore-dawn. in replylo hi! message to cranrseekingsurrender Confederate works.
terms.tsUckner recejved the soonro be tamousrepl): Unionorder of app€arance
"Sir, Yoursof this
dateproposingArmisriceand appoint- l2February1862 TURN 1 Smith'sDivision (minusSmith's
mentofcommissioneff to settletermsof CaDitutation iust Bdgade), fotlowed by Mccler-
received. No lermserceptan uncondirional ind immediate nand'sDivision (in that order),
surrendercanbe accepted. enter in marchcolumnvia poinr
I proposero moveimmediately "A".
uDonrour works,.'
U.S.Grant 14February 1862 TURN I Smith\ Brigade of Smith,sDivi-
The surrendercame as somethingof a shock to the sion (+1 Art) enters in march
Confederare lroopswairingto renewr-hefighr thal moming. columnvia point ,,A.'. Wallace's
Theyhadbesredrheiropponenrs in bothdefeiceandarrack.ylr Divisionentersin marchcolumn
it wastheywhowerenow flyinqthe whiteflaq. viapoint "B".
Yet perhapsil wasnor Floya,bur rhe raniing Confederare G.me l€ngrh-
- StarlTi sh aimes
CeneralAjbed SidneyJohnston.who shoutdlake resDonsibil- 12February1862 Beginswith the
Unionplayer's12noontum
ity for the fiasco.His do$nbearforecastof Donelsonjchances and ends with the confederare1730hrs
ofsurvival,communicated to both JeffersonDavisand Flovd. tum,
werehardlylikely !o inspireconfidencern the posfs abitiryo
conduct-a resolutedefence.Describingth€ fort as..... not long 13/14February1862 Beginswirh the Union player's0700hrs
tenable", and outlining his betief that rhe Federalswould tum and ends with the Confederate
caplureDoDelson _.. withouLrhenecesriry
ofemployingrheir
ram rorce rn co-operation-appearedro make ignominious 15 February 1862 Begins with rhe Confederateplay€r's
defeatsornething of a setf-f'rtfilii;gprophecy. 0730hrstum andendswirh theConfeder-
AswassoofrenthecaseintheCivil War, (hasitnot beenthe ate l730hrturn.
casefor all wan?) whilethe troopson bothsidesbehavedwith
much physicalbravery,it was the moral forritude of their
commanders whichfrequentlylet themdown. SPECIALSCENARIORIJ'LES
Advaming Tim€
TIIE WARGAME By mutual consentplayersmay advancetime in situations
Not so mlch a singlegame,more a mini-campaign. The four where neither side wishesto engagein active operations.
"Active operations"include
daysleadingup to thesurrenderof Donelsonaresimulared. but any tabletopactivity,(eg. move-
withourtheinclusion ofthe navalaction. ment,fire combat,chatgecombat).
The commentwhich forms the tille of thh pieceis rcputed to Confederatenighamovement
.
have been made by Nathan Bedford For;st when_hefirst Prior to play beginningon l5 February 1862,the Confederate
viewedthe Unionironcladsapprcaching Donelsononthe l4th. player may move any non,spentbrigadeor nondamaged
 31
FORTDONELSON
GAI'EMAP

@ @ \a
q/
lrw L c Ec E E ,r.e @
al/!tui Fl
\

\l a(

l[* i K'z q

6
6
I,K.9L"{ {
-l

,ts ."')'J a
E
3
84im f,,sr$,,i \)

@
6
a
@"-'6"4
\g d.i
(-''.J
@ @
@ {rr\tllllttltr
{"
a
KEY: takeplaceprior to part of thatdivisionbecomingengaged.)
The only exceptionto this rule is rhat one of Wallace's
Contederate
Works Abatls flmffi b.igades may be sent to the assistanceof Mcclemand's
lmpassable
Swamptrr divisiononceanyelementof that divisionsuffersa.,Driven
Treer @6 back"or "Sweptfromthe field" result.
2) At thestanofthe Union1300hrcturn, anexceptional leader
artillery standcontainedwithin the Confederateworks, and stand,representingGrantandhisstaff,mayenterthetable
re-positionthem anywhete,in any formation,within those at point"B". Grant'smodifiersmaybe appliedto anyandall
works.(Thisrulesimulatestherelocationof Rebelunitspriorto Federalunitson thegameboard.
theirdawnbreakoutattempt.)
Victory Conditions
Grant's conferencewitb Fool€, 15Febru.iy Normal Fil€ & Frlry victory points apply, bur in addition there
In order to simulatethe absenceof Generalcrant from the
battlefront during the moming oI 15 February, the following
rul€s apply, but only if all Confederateinfantry brigadev 10ptsfor each"Commndingposition"heldby a non-spent
anillery standsare containedwithin their works at the start of Union brigadeor non-damagedartillery standat the €nd of
playon the 15th. the game.
l) All conponentpartsof Uniondivisionsmustremainin their 5pts for each non-spentConfederateinfantry brigade or
starting positions until a unit is fircd on by small arms or artillery stand which exits via the southern edge of the
charged.(ie. No movementby anyelementof a divisionmay game-board afterdawnon the l4th.
32

4 alF V'\ |
]I EU UOtr]ES I "The Spiritof Wargames"
I I
America1861-65
25mm I
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An zouN haE qEEe h.{ds -:bt s

5^d€ndq's|ou.hHd'Rigblshou|dsshift 1: suidmi. Fitrii N.t' a sb(h Hd vln8nE

Acr.ru*r oFi5hdrj d nu4shi45@bft n8h'

Acr rro;. Frc;aNshin:shDen6reimn nlhLrm

r5 Red0iforcinndE.K.Dd.sLorch HrldnrnL o6bl. kft am hddrecr5;!Dtrbr
16 badmsR'n.. Kcp' & srouih Hr vironb Acr r,mFr oFr !h. rrrcrfl.tutu!

{Pi|.ofBekPdlidB.dRdt,0P j;4r'. ims

A(6 r'mrr Pip.d.he[
15ciirlmi r+,.shdrhdd ac?.rd4r. Pfrd.h;r .{ti nmssFnararbm..nsh,
1]Addilioia|cuiclesl]n6'I:'m
IsoffiCr.Fr6lco'-Lrrgingn.non rp.nanci6m.ardBh.l sennds.br. ighiam
{cv.Imp.,.(N;'}.op.nid id.t
+ $hNon6 R,neaouLsinn! 9} 4(r0 ort(r.oEid. riddd.roiqbetr neh !m
]qCofeddJ.CdmpsLiqoop $rftd tumdb4h usirsnoo.xlpi-
Acr BuFrr PiFd *dr jadd_ bbvig b4L. K"pi-
5]ofiitls|o'ucihd'Fckcoal'siin!
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rk. KR L.rdr,2625 FoE tcbnrt L

mnmnircomoLine rhenounrcdnture,

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ur(BFPO- Orde6und{ro ldd roe!(min,mun5.p)

(mrdnunal) oE,
wurd'dcsud{. uod(s0add5%(nrinlm!r)
shidii B4rn d Dnom.r np an HoRs rsp clN e 5n

FIGURESREQUIRED CONFEDERATE
GARR]SON
To playthisscenarioyouneed the following model stands: RightWing
YANKS (Brig-Gen.SilnonB. Buckner)
REBELS
4 LeaderStands 2 Leaderstands UnattachedCavalry
4 ArtilleryStands 3 Artillery Stands F o r r e s f s B r i 9 a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.E. .). . . . . . . . .
l05InfantryStands T4InfantryStands
4 CavalryStands Buckner'sDivision
3 CavalryStands
B a l d w i n s B r i g a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. .2.1. .9. .1.6. . . . . . .
B r o w n s B r i g a d e . . . .-.--...... . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . .1. .1 8 / 6
UNIONORDEROF BATTLE l Anillery Srand
lst Division Left Wing
(Brig-Gen.JohnA. Mcclemand) (Brig-Gen.GideonJ. Pillow)
O g l e s b y ' s B r i g a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pillow's
. . . . . . . .Division
.t2tr0l7
Wallace's Brigade.. .. ..-.. .. .. ... .. .. .. ..-.. .. .. .. .. ..-.. .. .. .. ... .. . 9/8/5
Heiman'sBdgade...............................................
M o r r i s o n \ B r i g a d e . . . . . . ... . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. ./ -6. /. 4. D a v i d s o n ' s B r i 8 a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . .1. .1. /. 8 . ./.6. . . . . . . .
l ArtilleryStand D r a k es B r i g a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
. ./.6. ./ .4. . . . . . . .
CavalryBrigad€ (attachedtolstDivision)..................... 4/3/2 I ArtilleryStand
2nd Division
Ga.rison
(Bris-Gen.charlesF. Smih (E))
H e a d 'Bs r i g a d.e. . . . . . . . ........ . . . ... . . . ...................61513
M c A n h u rB ' sr i g a d e-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 1 1 5
C o o k ' s B d g a.d. -e. . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . .l .3. l.1- .0. /. 7. .lloyd'sDivision
....
L a u m a n ' s B r i g .a. d. .e. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .r.2. .t .9.t.6. . w. h a r t o n ' s Bg a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . 6 / 5
SmithhBrigade................. 10/8/5(arivesl4/2 + lAfi Stand) M c C a u s l a n d \ 8 r i g a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. .1. 4 . .1. .2. (. E. . ). . . . .
1 Artilery Stand l Anillery Sund
3rd Division
(Brig-Gen.Lew Wallace) BIBLIOGRAPHY
Crufi'sBdgade....................................................1211017
D a v i s ' B r i g a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. 1. ./.8. ./ .6.Battks
. . . . . . .and
. . Leadefi , lohnson & B\eL
Foi
T h a y e r ' s B i g a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 /to
Sumpter 8 /Perrrvi
5 e, ShelbyFoote.
I Artillery Stand Grcat WestemBsttles,Fire & Fury Team.
 33

COWPENS:
GENIUS,ORAT TEAST
PROGRESS
By C. ConradClaus
As battlefieldsgo, thisone is fairly plain:the sceneincludesa crossedthe Broad River. Furthermore.the areaon the other
grassyclearingin a scrubpinedforestwith no obviousmilitary sideofthe BroadRiverwascontrolledby the Patriotinegular
advantagesand little to distinguishthis meadowfrom a leader Thomas Sumpter.Sumpterhad made it clear that
thousandsuchmeadows in the upstateareaof the Carolinas.A Morganwould receiveno reinforcements from him. Morgan
man bv the nameof Hannahsettlednearthe meadowin the had a forceabouthalf Tarleton'ssizeand he couldnot expect
1700s. He grazedcattleandconstructed pensto holdtheherdin that crossingthe Broad would even slow BanastreTarleton
that meadow.aboutsix milessouthof the BroadRiver.Later dowr. Morgandesperately neededrein{orcemeflts and so he
thelandwastakenoverby awealthyEnglishman namedHiram pickeda placeto makehisstandthelocalmilitiaweresureto be
Saunder\. whoconlinued rou.erheoen<roherd hiscarlle.r Tbe abletofind.
localsusedthe meadowas a convenientspot to collecttheir Morganrode into the Cowpensin the late aftemoonof 16
stockaftercrossing the BroadRiveron theirwayto marketsin January1781.Havingdecidedto standandfight, he beganto
theeast.ltwasawellknownlocation;whenbackcountrymilitia prepare his force, composedof about 320 Maryland and
neededa placeto form up before smashingFergusonat King's DelawareContinentals,about 140 Virginia nilitiamen (two
Mountain,localguidesbroughtthemthere.Inevitablytheplace understrengthcornpaniet, 140 Georgia Militia, 80 light
cameto becalledthe"Cowpens"or "Hannah'sCowpens." dragoons, and,by the morningof the battle,around270militia
On 17January1781,BrigadierGeneralDanielMorgananda fton the Carolinas.'
mixedforceofmilitia troopsunderhis commandwon a battle Morgan'splanwasdesigned to utilisethe strenglhs of eachof
that hasbeencalledone of the most brilliant everfoughton his differingtroop typeswhile allowingfor their weaknesses.
The mainlinecommanded by ColonelJohnEagerHowardwas
Morgan'svictoryat theCorvpens wasprimarilya resultofhis situatedon the slopeof the fifft low hill. The left flank ofrhis
abilityto tum theweaknesses of hispositioninto strengths.His force was made up of the Continefltalsfrom Delawareand
detailedpreparationfor the baitle, organisation for combat, Maryland, while the right was composedof the Virginia
choiceofterlain, andconductof thebattleall combinedto give militiamen.The positioncommanded the 700yardsof gently
Morganoneofthe mostdecisivevictoiesthat thePatiotswon slopingopen woodsthat led to the heavierforestftom which
againstthe BritishduringtheRevolutionary War. Tarletonwould emerge.The Continentalson the left were
On 15 January1781,scoutsbroughtMorganword that a experienced troops, as proud and disciplinedas any in the
superiorforce under BanastreTarl€tonwas closinein. He British army. The Virginianson the right were,for the most
placedstrongdetachments alongthe fordsof the PacoletRiver part, Continentalveteranswho had servedtheir terms and
to shieldhimsetffrom Tarleton'sapproach.On the norningof mustered out.Theywerebeingpaidto taketheplaceofwealthy
16January1781,Tarletonstolea marchon Morganandcross€d Virginiansin the militia andwereprobablybettertrainedand
the Pacoletatanunguarded ford. Morganwasobligedtomake equippedthanthe Continentalregulars.4 So,the mainposition
a hastyretreat.He left half-cookedfood andstandingtentsin wasmannedbyveteranswho hadfacedBritishtroopson other
hiscamp.Meanwhile,hesentriderstocollecttogetherasmany fieldsandcouldbe countedon to act in a disciplinedmanner
membersof local militia as possibleto congregaieat the thatwouldbe amatchtothe opposingforce.
Cowpens, One hundredand fifty yardsin front of the mainline wasa
Over the yearsMorgan'schoiceof the Cowpenshasdrawn line madeup of about300militiamen'underthe commandof
severecriticism,At firct glancethe Cowpensseemsto offer ColonelAndrewPickens.Thesoldienin thisunitweredirected
moreof a handicapthan an advantage. The rnainContinental to fire two volleysat the Bdtish, aiming for officers and
positionwasorganised on a low hill. To the soutbofthe hi for sergeanis. Afterwards,they wereto withdrawaroundthe left
about 700yardswas a wide meadowcov€redwith scattered flankof Howard'sforce.The rallyingpointwasbehindthemain
trees.Mosr,ifnot all, of the underbrush hadbeeneatenbythe linewhereit couldbecoveredbywashington'scavalry. Morgan
cattle.The meadowover which Tarletonwould advancewas wasawareofthe militia'spropensity to run ifcloselypushed. He
relativelyclear.The areawasa roughrectangle surrounded by thereforemerelysoughtto controlthe dircctionof theirretreat.
severalcreeksandswampyground aswell asheavythi€kets. A Thisgavehim theopponunityto gathertheretreatingtroops for
shortdistanceto ihe rear ofthe first hill wasa s€cond,slightly
higherhil. About sixmilesbehindthathill wastheBroadRiver One hundredand fifty yardsin front oI Pickens'Militia,
whichcut off anyorderlyretreaatothe northandeast.General Morganput out a line of about 150rifle-armedskirmishers.6
Morgansupportedhischoiceof groundin lateryears: This line rvascomposedof the best marksmenof the Carolina
and Georgia militia. It is almost certain that this group
I wouldnot havehada swampin theviewof my militiaon
contained manyvet€ranIndianfightersand severalmenrvho
any consideration:they would have made for it, and
wereal King'sMountainthe preceding October
nothing could have detainedthem from it. And as to
Theseskirmishers werelaid out in randomorder alonsthe
coveringmywings,Iknewmy adversary, andwasperfectly
Iront. Tley were encouragedto take cover and re* iherr
sureI shouldhavenothingbut downrightfighting. . . Had
w€aponsupon trees and behind logs. Th€se troops were
I crossedthe river. one half of the militia would
employedin a manner familiar to them and altogether
immediately haveabandoned me.'
consistent with theirexperience. They werealsotold to direct
Perhapsthe real reasonthat Morganchosethe Cowpens, theirfire at the officersandsergeants ofthe Britishline. Wlen
however,is morebasicthanexplanations pennedyean laterto closelypushedthey wereto withdrawto the mainbody of the
assuag€arnchair critics. Morgan had about six hundred militia underPickens,150yardsbehindthem. Morganplaced
regularswith him at this time. He had a coupleof hundred his cavalryon the crestof the secondhill, so they would be
militiamen.butthevcertainlvwould havedeserted himifhe had availablefor employnentrvherean opportunityexisted,and
augmented them by adding forty mounted militiamen to clearingof the Cowpens.ln the leadwerethreecompanies of
Washinglon\force. lighl infantry erperienced troopswho hadtakenpart in man)
He madesurethat histroopsurdeEtoodwhatwasexpected skirmishes.
of them. He movedin a tirelesscircuitof the camp,bracing Behindthe light infantrymarchedthe fint battalionof the
smallgroupsof men.As volunteers rodein duringthe nighthe RoyalFusiliers,the 7th RegimentofFoot. The 7th wasan old
madesure they underctoodthe plan. Morgan had an ability to unit with a proud history. The 167enlistedmenof this battalion
inspirethecommonsoldier.Like anygoodoratorhetailoredhis werefairlynewrecruits,trainedbut not yetblooded.However,
storyto thegrouphewasfacing. the officers and sergeantswere well experiencedand could be
He told the militiamenthat he expectedthem to discharge expectedtomaintain disciplinewell. As longastheFusilienhad
two roundsinto the main body of the British at closerange, their officers they would perform adequately.
aimingfor the officersand sergeants, but then they were to Behindthe FusilienwereBanastreTarleton'sbesttroops:a
movebehindtheprotectionofthe regulars;"Justhold up your two hundredmanbattalionof Fmser's71stHishlanders.The
heads,boys.Give them two fires and you'reftee. Thenwhen leaslexperienced men in Lhisunit had been in Americafor
you retum to your home_s, how the old folks will blessyou, and abouta year.The resthad beencampaigning in the Colonies
the girls will kiss you."'It is easyto imaginehow Morgan's since 17?6. They were battle-hardenedtroops of the finest
wordsreli€vedthe anxieties of the militia.Theywerenot going quality andweresomeofthe besttroops in the British Army. In
to be expected to standandreceivea bayonetcharge.Nor were addition, manyofficersin the Tlst Highlanderswere veteransof
they to be askedto fight it out with Tarleton'scavalry.They warson theEuropeanContinent.
were merely askedto fire two volleys and then withdraw to a BetweentheFusilienandthe Highlanders ploddedeighteen
position of relative safety. Royal Artillerymen. They servedtwo three-poundercannons
Major ThomasYoung,a volunteermilitia officer,recorded called"grasshopperJ'. Morganhadno cannonandthefactthat
hisinpressions ofthiseveningin hismemoi6."Hewent among the Britishdid greatlytippedthe oddsin Tarleton'sfavour.
the volunteers, helpedthemfix their swords,joked \rith them Behindthe regularinfantrymarchedthe 250infantryof the
abouttheir sweethearts, andtold themto keepin goodspirits, Brithh Legion.Tarletoncommandedthe l-egionand he had
andthe daywouldbe ours.Long afterI hadlaid do*n, he was madeit a fearedforcein the South.In manyengagements the
goingamongthe soldiers, encouraging them. . .I don'tbelieve horceand foot iroopsof the green-coated BritishLegionhad
he sleptawink thatnight . . ."' ruthlessly destroyed numerically superior forces. An''thing
Morganmade an impassioned speechto his Continentals. either the cavalryor infantry of Tarleton\ Legionlackedin
Callingthem "my friendsin alms, my dear boys," he asked training they more than made up for in experience and
them to rememberSaratoga,Monmouth,Paoli, and Brandy- unbridledenthusiasm.
wine. "This day," he stated,"you must play your parts for About the flanks of this force couned the cavalryof the
honourandliberty\ cause."'Hemadesuretheyall undentood Legion, 300 strong,and a 50 man troop of the lTth Light
his battle plan. He remindedthem that when the militia Dmgoons.The 17th were an elite unit; on their tall brass
retreatedtheywouldnot be runningaway,but werefollowing helmetsthey bore a death\ headwith the words"or glory".
ordersandwouldregroupandgo backinto actionagainstthe Theywerea little contemptuous of the BritishLegion€avalry
British. andits upstancommander."
Beinga backwoodsman himself,GenemlMorganwasableto Tarletonwasat the headofthis forceandmovedforwardto
skilfullymotivatethe pickedriflemen.Playingon their pride examinethePatriots'position.Wlat followednextsetthestage
and the rivalry betweenthe Georgiansand the Carolinians, for the entirebattle.The marksmendriftedforwardandtook
Morgantoldthemhehadheardalotoftall talesabourwhowere aim. Severalrifl€ bulletsflew by Tarleton'sheadand he was
bettershots,the menofthe Carolinasor thoseof Georgia.He forcedto takerefugeamonghissoldiersbeforehe couldobtain
flatly statedthat herewasthe chanceto settlethe matteronce
andfor all. Not onlythat,but theywouldhavethe opportunity Acting in traditionalfashion,Tarletonorderedforward a
to savetheircountryintothebargain.Morgansaid:"Let mesee detachmentof fifty of his Legion dragoonsunder Captain
whicharemoreentitledto the creditofbravemen,the boysof Ogilvie to ddve in the Patriot skirmishers.Back-country
Carolinaor thoseof Georgia."toTo make this competition riflemen,firing from behindcover,delivereda witheringfire
highly visiblehe positionedthe Georgianson the left sideof the into the oncoming dragoons. ln a few scant momentsfifteen
field andtheCarolinians on the right. saddleswere emptied,which precipitateda retreat by the
Morgan\ efforts ce(ainly paid dividends.The troops, dragoons.Deprived of any reconnaissance of the Patriot's
bohteredwith the knowledge of theircomnander'splan,were posilion and under pressurefrom the skirmishers,who
far betterpreparedmentallythan mostfoops of the era who continuedto harasshh force, Tarletonformed his men into
weremerelyherdedfrom one placeto another,stoodin line, battlelines.
andweresimplyexpected to standandfight. On his far right he placedthe fifty men of the 17thLight
ThoughMorganapparentlydid not sleepduringthe nightof Dragoons.Guardinghis other flank were fifty cavalryof the
the 16th,he endeavoured to ensurethat his rroopsgot a good BritishLegion.In the centreofhis line he situatedthe L€gion
rest, but he madesurethey were awakeearly enoughfor a full foot. On their ight he movedthe three companiesof light
breakJast andin plentyof time to dhposethemselves in their infantrv.ontheirleft he movedthe Fusiliels.ln reservehe held
battlelines.Knowingexactlywhat to do, the troopsmovedto the ?lst Highlandersand the remaining235dragoonsof the
thei positionscalmly and coolly with little confusionor alarm. L€gion.On eithersideofthe BritishLegioninfantrywerethe
This orderly and unhu.ried assumption of position surely two "grasshopper" cannons-
increasedthe self-confidenceand self-possession of Morgan's Tarleton startedwith a preliminarybombardmentby his
troops.Thepsychological advantage wastremendous, especial- artillery. After they hadfired a few roundswilh little or no effect
ly when comparingMorgan'stroops with Tarleton'sforce. heorderedhisinfantryforward.Thismovehasbeenascribed to
Tarleton'sfoops hadbeenawakenedat 3amandhadcovered Tarleton\ "impatience". t' However,it seemsunlikelythatball
an eight mile areaof s$,ampy,broken ground by the time they or evencanisterwould havehad mucheffectupon dispersed
arrived at the Cowpensby sunrise on 17 January 1781,They inJantryundercover.It s€emslikely that the British infantry
wereundoubtedly tired,hungry,anda littl€ confused. wereorderedforward simplybecausethe flemenwereproving
At about?.00in themomins.Tarleion'sforcemovedintothe damaging andTarletonhadto drivethemoff.
 When the British line moved forward they let out a
tremendous shout.HearingthisMorgancalledout: "Tbeygive NORTHFARNBOROUGH WARGAMESSOCIETY
us the Britishhaloo,boys.Give themthe Indianhaloo."From
thethroatsofthewaitingAmericans rosea howlof challenge.13
As the mainbodyofthe Britishinfantrypressed throughthe
tlees,the Patriotskirmishenfadedback befor€the regulars,
stopping,tuming about,taking a shot and then sprintingoff
VALHALLA'93 on
belorethem.Whentheywereabout80yardsfrornPickendline, Sunday 13thJun.1993
the Britishweremet by a well deliv€redfire that took a heary at
toll on theirofficers.They haltedandfired aretum volleythat FamboroughCommunllyCanlr.,
waslargelyineffective,passingoverthe militia'sheads.raThen EllesRoed,Farnborough,Hanls.
theybeganto reloadin prepara.ionfor thetraditionalexchange
of volleyspreliminaryto a bayonettecharge.The militia
finishedreloadingbeforethe Britishandfired again.Then, in
accordance with Morgan'sinstructions,Pickensretired the O DisplayWarcam€s
militia around the left flank of Howard's Continentals.
Tarleton,sensingan opportunity,orderedthe 17thDEgoons O Paticipalion cames
on his ight to rout the retreatingmilitia. The 17thDragoons O DBACompethion
vigorouslyattackedPickens'rearelementsandit appeared the
rnilitiawerein dangerofbeing routedwhenWilliamWashing- O TradeStands
ton andhiscavalryarrivedon the scene. O PainlingComp€rition
Washingtonbrought his cavalry in and hit the dragoonson
theirflank.Thesuddenappearance ofthe Patriotcavalrywasa tr Bring-and-Buy Slall
completesurpriseto theBritish.Completelydefeated, theyfled
the battlefieldwith the Patriotdragoonsin pufsuit.Realising O BarandR€lr€shments
that the battlewasnot over, William Washington gathe{edhis
Fofcompelitio.enlrvdelailsandfurthernlomationconracr
dragoonsback togetherand withdrewto his reserveposition
DavidOliver,41Penshurst Drive,Frimley,
Cdbeney.
behindthe Patriotline. Su(ey GU165X( Tel:0252837752 (evenings)
At this time the British had sufferedabout one hundred
casu.rhies. andloslaboulhallrheirlineofficers. r'Thislosswas NorihFdnborough Wafgames SocietymeetseveryF.iday
crucial,especiallyto the SeventhRegimentwhich was com- {6 30 pm - 10.00pm)al theaboveaddress.A typesol wargames,
posednainly of unbloodedsoldiers. boardad role'playng gamesare p ayed. Newmembers wetcone.
WhentheBritishadvanced to reachthemainPatriotposition
on the first hill, they were met by volleyfire from Howard\ Washington directinghin ro strikethe Britishin therearasthe
troops.The Britishhaltedat about50yardsdistance andbegan American infantry attacked.
exchanging volleyswith the Patriots.This tradeof shotlasted Meanwhile,theBdtish,seeingthe Americansinan apparent
forabouthalfanhour,with bothsidesholdingfairlysteady.In a retr€at,hadrushedforwardandwerewithin aboutthirtv
vards
repo wherehe is highlyuncriticalof himselfand his lroops, of the rear ol lhe Amencan line when il reachedrhe
"The spol
Tarletonadmits, fire on bothsideswaswellsupported and Morganhad designated andsuddenlytumed aboutandfired.
producedmuchdaughter.As the contest. . . seemedequally Disorganised from the pursuitandweakin officersdueto the
balanced.. . (I) thoughtthe advance ofthe SeventyFirstinto lossesinfli€ted by the Patriot militia, the British were
line . . . wouldput a vi€toriousperiodto the action.No time disordered and confused. As the Patriot trooDs charsed rhe
waslostin performingthismanoeuvre-""Viewedin thelightof British with the balonet. Washingtonsimulraneou\ty-hir the
the restofhis repon, onemightsurmisethat,facedwirh fresh, Britishrearwith hiscavalry.Many British,probablymostlyof
veterantroopswho wer€bettershots,the Britishweregerting the7th Fusiliers,irnmediately surrendered. Seeingthis,mostof
theworstofthe combat, the other troopsattemptedto flee rhe bartlefield or surrenderas
As theSeventyFirstHighlanders beganto moveintoposition well. As soonashe had assuredhimselfthaathe Bdtish main
on Tarleton'sleft, Howardcouldseea definitedanserof his line wasbroken,Washingtonled his cavalryon a sweepthat
povtronbeingoutflanked. He orderedrheVirginiamiliriamen capturedth€ fleeing infantry almostto a man.
to aboutfaceandwheelinwardto the left in orderto cov€rhis Fightingin the centreof the Bdtishline wasover.However,
flank. the 71stHighlanders. who hadnot yercomeinto combat,were
Howard'sorder was misunderstood. The Virciniansabout still a cohesiveforce and the Legiondmgoonson their flank
tacedandbegana marchto rhe rearinsleadof wieelingto lhe werestill in goodorder.At thistime Pickens'militia beganto
left. The Delawareand Marylandregulars,upon seeingrhis, arriveandengage theDragoons. Mindfulofwhathadhappened
assumedthat.a withdrawalhad been orderedand beganan in the openingstagesof the battle,the d.agoonsfled en masse.
orderlyretreailrom theirposruon.Eetorelonglhe tr hoGbody Suroundedandwithoutsupport,theHighlandensuffendered.
of th€Patriotlinewasperforminganorderlyretiremenrtowards Tarletonattemptedto ratly his cavalryfor a €ounter-attack,
the rear.Seeingthe generalwithdrawal,Morganrodeup from but all saveabout 40hadfled the field. WhenTarleton led these
the rear where he was rallying the militia. He approached
-- troopers forward he was met by Washington and a few
Howardin arageandcied: ;Arl you beaten2"rT American dragoofls. There followed an inconclusivecavalry
Howardanswered by pointingat the unbrokenranls of the engagement betrveenWashingtonand Tarleton, aJterwhich
Continentahand statingthat troops thar retreatedlike rhat Tarletonretreated.
Tarletonescaped with 1zl0dragoons. He left behindhim 110
Morganinnediately seizedupon the situationanddirected dead,200 woundedand some530 unwoundedpdsoners.In
Howard to stay with hh troops until they €ameto a place contrastMorganlost 12menandhadabout60wounded.le
Morgan would designate.When they reachedthat poinr Morgan'sfeatis unequalled. ln a setpiecefield battleagainst
Vorgandirected him(o. I aceabour.giverhemonefire.and a superiornumber ofBriaishregularshe won a decisivevictory.
"
rhe\ictoDi,our,. Morganthen,enra mesrenger ro W'tliam His performanc€ wasnothingshortofbrilliant.
 Banastre Tarletonhasbeengreadycriticisedfor hisdecisions DoubledayandCompany,Inc.,1958.
in thebattle.However,Morgan'saggessive useof lightinfantry Symonds, Craig L. A Battlefield Atlat of the Aneriun
wasnewandwasnothingthatTarleton couldreasonably expect Revofudon. The NauticalandAviationPublishing Companyof
to face.Morgan,with hisregulars,createda rockaroundwhich America.1986.
his marksmenandmilitia couldrally. Tarleton'sforcewas,in Ward, Christopher. The War of the Revolution, vol. 2. New
effe€t, destroyedpiecemealby Morgan's skirmishers.The Yorkr MacmillanCo., 1952.
irregularriflemendestroyedthe Bitish flexibilityand played Wilson, JamesGrant and Jahn Fiske. eds. Applebn's CJclo-
havocwith theirorganised formations.Tarletoncouldnot even paedia ol American Biogaprtl. New Yorkt D. Appleton and
havesalvaged the situationwith a largescaleflank attackwith Company,1889.
his cavalryiany such movementwould have had to move Wood, William and Ralph Henry Gabiel. The Pageantof
throughMorgan'sscreen fi$t.In doingsoit wouldhav€becorne America: A Pictorial Hbtory of the United States,vol. 6. New
hopelessly disorganised and demoralised. Furthermore,Mor- Haven:YaleUnivenityPress,1927.
ganh riflenen neverlet Tarletoncloseenoughto be able to
co-ordiratesucha movement.In anycase,the Legioncavalry NOTES
wereafraidof the riflemen.It is questionable if evenTarleton
"The B attle^toovrpens" Military Reiea' 57
€ouldhaveconvincedthem to chargethe Ameri€anpositions t Mi€haelMalrler, ,
afterOgilvie'sdragoons weresavaged. (Januaryr9?1):s7.
The mix up on the Americanlinethat ledto the retreatwasa ' Don Higginbotharn,Daniel Morgan Rewluionary Rifleman
fortuitousaccident.However,it is almostcertainthat if the (ChapelHill, NorthCarolina:TheUniversityofNorth Carolina
Virginia rnilitia had correctlyfollowedorders and wheeled Press.1961).r32.
inward-the Continentals 3 I believeihar the bes.estimateof the Continentals' strength
wouldhavebeenableto hold offthe
"Downtight
Britishlin€ longenoughfor the militia arrivingon the British can be found in Thornas J. Fleming, Cowpe6:
left to win the day. Fightins": The Stoty of Copperr (WashiDgtonD.C.: Division
It seemsunlikelythattherewasanythingTarleton couldhave of Publications, NationalParkService,1988).Thebestestimate
doneto win againstMorgan.Whetherby accident(unlikely)or of militia strength can be found in Henry Lumpkin, Fron
design,Morganwasernployingthe sametacticsthat wouldbe Savannahto Yotktou,n- TheAmericanRevolutinnin the South
adoptedby the FrenchArmy andthusgiveNapoleonthe tool (Colunbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina
withwhichhe wouldconquerEurope.BaflastreTarletonwasa Press.1981).127-128.
l
competentcommander, but on the momingof 17January1781 Kenneth Robe$, The Bank of Cowpa8 (New York:
he facedgenius, or, at least,progress. Doubledayand Company. lnc.,1958).60.
" Henrv LumDkin. Frcn Savannahb Yotktoh'n - The
BIBLIOGRAPHY .tneriian nevilutiin in the ,to!r, (Columbia. South Carolina:
Universityof SouthCarolinaPress,1981),127.
Davis, Burke. The Cowpens-GuilfotdCou ho6e Campaign. 6 I believethe bestestimateofthemarksmen's numberscanbe
Philadelphia: J.B. LippincottCompany,1962. foundin Frcm Savandah toYorktown. HenryLumpkin,From
Dupuy, R. Emest andTreror N. Dlupluy. TheEncyclopaediaof Savannahto Yorktown TheAmericanRevolutionin theSouth
Military Hi:tory.Newyork: HarperandRow, Publishers. (Columbia,South Carolina: University of South Carolina
Fleming,ThomasJ. Conpens:" Doh,night Fighting": TheSt'rry Press,1981),127.
of Cowpens.washington D.C.: Division of Publications, ' ChristopherWard, The War of tue Revotunor,Volume II,
NationalParkService.1988. MacnillanCo., NY., 1952,p.757.
Graham James. The Life of Genetul Daniel Morgan of the ' JamesGraham,The Life of GenerulDanielMoryan of the
Viryinia Line of the Arnf of the United States.Ne\r yotkl vnsinia Line ol the Amy of the United Staas (New yo:k.
DerbyandJackson,1856. DerbyandJackson,1856),292.
Grenier,Alfred F. "From Cowpensto GuilfordCourthouse," 'Thomas J. Fl€ming,Cowpens:"Dotntight Fighing": The
Military Rerieh'56 (Aprjl 1976\t56-51. Storyof Coh'pens (washingtonD.C.: DivisionofPublications,
Higeinbotham, Don. Daniel Mor|an RevolutionaryRillenan. NationalParkService.1988).62.
ChapelHill, North Carolina:The Universityof North Carolina 'o lbid.62.
Press.1961. " The bestaccountofthe forcesunderTarleton'scommandis
Johnson,William. S,t€tcresof the Life and Corrcspondence of in ThonasJ. Fleming'sbook, Cowpets:"Dot{'wightFighnng":
NathanielGrcene,yolumeI. Charleston, SouthCarolina:A.E. TheStotyofCov'pens(Washington D.C.: DivisionofPublica-
Miuer, 1822. tions,NationalParkServic€,1988),47-54.
Lumpkin, Henry. Fforn Savannahto Yorktown- TheAmerican '' Mahler."The Batdeat CowDens".62.
Revolution in theSouth.Columbia,SouthCarolina:University l1 Ffeming.Coeperui"Downight Fi|htin| .65.
of SouthCarolinaPress.1981. '" Decades afterthebattlevisitorsto thesitedugBritishbullets
Mahler,Michael."The Battleat Cowpens",Mr?ilaryRet'iew5l out of the treesas high as thirty feet abovethe ground.See
(January1971):57-63. F"leming,Coh'pens:"Doh,nright Fighnng", 66.
Matloff. Maurice. ed. The Revolutionatv \yaf. New York: '"- Robetts, TheBattleof CowpeLt,58.
DavidMcKayCompany. '" Tarleton,Op. Cit.,223.
Pearson,Michael. ThoseDamnedRebels.New York: G.P. ' Ffeming.Co!'p?'rr."DowNiBhIFighring..:\1
Putnam'sSons.1972. '" wifliamJohnson.Skpr.h?\of&? Lile andCoftesponden ?of
Reed, Randal C. ]76r The Gane of the Revolunonaly War. NathanielGrcene,VolumeI, A.E. Miller, Charleston,S.C.,
Baltinore,Maryland:The AvalonHill GameCompany,1974. 1822.o.318.
Roberts, Kenneth. The Battle of Copp€ff. New Yorkl '9 tbid..80.

rangefron the co ectionsof pnprietor &

Opposite. Two photos of Front Ranknluines 25nn war of Anerican Independence
AlecBrcwne&ftiends. Buildinssby MickSewe (mansion)&Rob Boket(shack).Watchoutfor theFrontRankad.nexl
desisner
38

MULTI.PIAYERWARGAMING
-BYPOST
ByJohnDouglos
In the last few yeals,a new speciesof wareanehas spread and uncertainty,and in the commander-in-chief on eachside
rapidlytocomplement thefaniliarvarieties:piofessionally-runthe abilityto organisea teamefficiently,but tacdully,becomes
postal wargames.These are run by full-time game-masters a vital assetlIn a gane of world war II,I joinedthe Gernan
(knownas"GMJ') for playersacrossthe countryand abroad. teamasa tacticalLuftwaffecommander, onlylofind thatHitl€r
The playerstakespecifi€commandsinascenario(historicalor was all too realisticallyplayedby a ruthlesslyauthoritarian
otherwise)specifiedbythe GM andsendorden for theirforces retiredheadmaster. After a coupleof monthsof beingpushed
at reeularintervals(nonnallyweekly,bi-weeklyor monthly). aboutwe organisedan assassination (perfectlypossiblein the
The GM adjudicatesthe resultsand sendseach player an gane), ejectinghim from the leadershipandinstallinga more
individualy-lailored reportshowingdevelopments ashisforces amiable su€cessor.Games like this usually leature team
would seethem. In the complexWorld War 2, for jnstance, newslettersboastingof successor failure!
playerscommanding Pacificforceswill getunreliablereportson
everythingfrom ship sightingsto enemylosses,just as their The problem about team gamesis that you are very
historicalcounterparts did. dependent on theotherplayen,andthereis nothingto stopthe
The su€cess ofthe formulacentreson threeadvantages: conmanderon youl right flank decidingto go on holidayand
. Sincethe postalgamesinvolve dozensof playersover a skipthe turn (or evendrop out ofthe Samealtogether).There
periodof a yearormore,majorcampaigns canberun whichare are variouswaysof tacklingthis problem (standbyplayers,
beyondtheresources ofeventhe largestwargamegroups, formingreamsof friends,alowing alliesto deputisefor each
. The full-time GM provides effective fog of rlar effects and other, and so on) but many playersprefer to rely only on
looks after all the administrative details,enablingplayersto themselves andplaysingle,overallcommands. Sincenearlyall
concentrate on the challengesofcommand. historicalconflictshad just two sides,this normally neans
. If the GM makeshis living frorn runninggames,a brisk playinganhistorical'pedod'gamewith everyplayerpotentially
senice can normally be expected,with well-organised and opposedto everyoneelse. The boardgameDiplomacyis a
bare-bonesexampleof lhis type: sevenEuropeanpowe6
Reportscanbe extremelyextensive 20pagesis by no means attempting to achievecontinentaldoninance by shifting
unusual.A goodGMwill supplyhisplayerswith a comprehen- alliances. A morelypicalpostalwargame in thegenr€is Stateof
siveoverviewofall theirforceseachtum - perhapsmodifiedby War, whichpostulates thebreakdownofcentralauthoityinthe
thevagaries of€ommunications from the battlefield-including present-dayUnited States and gives ea€h player a stare
their supplystatus,morale,traininglevelsand other facto$. govemorshipand the job of re-establishing a nationallead-
Napol€onic Wars provides updated maps each tum with enhip.
attractiveiconsshowingthe cunentdispositions of your forces Vicaoryis one of the most popularpostalgamestaking a
and any othen which your scouts have reponed. The multi-sidedapproach, andperhapsthegameclosestin its detail
Romanesque IagacJof the Pantherprovidesan updateon the to miniatureswargaming.With 40 or so players,most 1939
currentstatusofeveryprovincein theEmpire.WorldConquest Europeancountries arerepresented, but eachisfiee toallywith
tum repots showthe curent stateof military productionin or fighteachof th€othersastheyseefit. Despitethis,greatcare
eachof your citiesas well as a world map pin-pointingall is takento simulateworld war 2 accuratelyat a tacticallevel:
friendlyunitsanddetectedenemymovement. the SovietUnionnay be attackingTurkey, but the Sovietunits
Playerspaya sta( up fee to get the rules,whichare usualty areprecnelythose availableat that time, specifieddown to the
handsomely-produced bookletsof 50+ pagescoveing all the last detail, so that each type of tank really does perform
main features.(Furtherpossibilities may only emergeduring significantly differentlyto the otherson the field of battle.
play. For instance,in strategic-level games,as a result of
Thereareliterally dozensof land,navalandair
researchon new weaponsystems).Reportscancostanything unit sDecifications: in all. r7 different characteristics of the
from !1.50 to !10 or more;in genenl, the moreexpensive the Germ;n 1940motoriseddivisionsaregiven.Eachof thesewill
game,the moredetailedandlushly'presented the reports. havesubtleeffectsonplaywhichwill befactoredin by the GM\
Thereare plentyof good gamesat the cheaperend of the computer. For instance,the DefensiveFirepower rating
spectrum,notablyEl Mythico,a simulationolguerillawarfare assesses how effectivethistype oI unit is whenon the defence,
in a ht?otheticalCentralAmericanrepublic,whichcombines while the DefensiveStrengthMultiple measures the level of
beingoneofthe hobby'smostpopularwargameswith a turn fee armourprotection.A fast-moving tank unit will tend to have
ofjustIl.50(though it risesmarginallyasthe gameproceedt. better Offensivethan Defensivefirepowerbut good armour,
Si\ government generalsand 12guerillacommanders battlefor whereas themotorisedforceshownherehaspoorerarmourbut
supr€macy, with 79 differenttypesofequipmentfrom riflesto is betterorganised for defensivecombat.Coherentstrategyis
heli€opters available;playersget a full-colourmap and each importantaswellastacticalskill.AsTurkeyin my firstgarne,I
tum produces a laser-pdntedreport. optedfor a largeforceofshon-rangetacticalbombersto crack
the border defencesof Syda, my first €hosenvi€tim. This
workeda treat, but left me with a hordeof planesunableto
HISTORY vS.INDEPENDENCE suDDort the assaulron Damascus furthersouth.I hadto build
Strictlyhistoricalgameslike Napoleonic Waruand its stable- foNard aidelds and rransferthe aircraftforward,givingthe
nate World War II are organisedin teams,with communica- Sydancommandertime to recoverhis balanceand organisea
tionsin the older-eragamesrestrictedto messages sentvia the fiercelaststand.
GM and deliveredwith historicaldelays(or possiblyeven Goingto thislevelof detailwouldbe ultimatelytediousif it
intercepted by the enemy).This addsan extralayerof realism hadto be doneby the playersbyhand,but havingihetulftime
 SI'IIDERLIND WIRGTMES CLIIB PRESENTS
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Drecise strensths of eachunit.
WARGAMIS
NO.RISKTRIAL
PIII''IINC&MODE,UI{GCOMPEITIIONS
Postalgamingis currentlybeingboostedby a joint projectof
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best-knownnagazine for this branch of the hobby. Warganer
lllrrtated readerswho would like to samplepostal gamingare B.r dld leftEhnet s F€iliris
being offered a no-risk trial. In retum for a !10 4-issue A Dqs Fltel1aii,mt lor the Whole Feity
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the addressesand costs.Mostly this covercthe rules and set-up
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credit.
you still haveto pay for set-up,bur get ll0 tum
BRIDGEHEAD'93
Someof the offers arc worth more than 110,notably that for on l5ih May 1993
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The expensivebut de luxe gam€sNapoleonicWars and World
war 2 are not normaly included in the gamescoveredby the Flemingate,B€v€rley
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Als Peticipation ed D.nodt6ij6 G@s @ludjrg:

NEWDIMENSION
Ra4lld
Postal wargamingdoesn't supplant figures gaming, since the
tangible pleasureof miniaturesis not matchedby postal maps,
BarandCafeteriafacilitiesarailable
however good-looking they may be. What it offers is a new
dimension to enhancethe pleasureof an interest in military
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history: the chanceto pit your wits againstplayen acrossthe
countryin combatsimulations whichgo well beyondan'thing
anvofus canmanaseoverthe table,
 REI'IEWS
MAIN FORCE MIMATI]RES
Reviewer:John S$,allov
NeedanyWWII or Modem figures?Thesecouldbe just what
you are lookingfor. This rangecoversall the mainWWII and
Modernarmiesin greatdepth.
Themodelscome castassingleliguresor on multiplebasesup
to four strong.All armieshavea varietyof weaponsincluding
HMG andmortar.The uniquething abouttheseis that all the
menare castin eithera proneor kneelingposition.After all,
this is the way most battleswere fought by the infantry on
reachingthe killingzone.
The advantage of thesefiguresis that they look very good
whilstbeingeasyto paint-Havingmultiplebasefiguresmakes
basingsimpleandquick.Theoveralleffectofa largeuniton the
tableis very impressive. Eventhoughpronethe detailon rhe
figures'packs,weaponsetcisclearandwelldefined.
FIGUREHEAD
Review€r:John Swallow
Ever thoughtof fightingTrafalgaron a one-to-onelevel,but
couldneverfind the tableor floor space?Now you cando it
without the need for vast spaces.Figureheadproduce 1/2400
shipsin sevenlageof sailrangesfrom Medievalto Napoleonic.
All shipsshowdistinctivedetaildespitetheir smallscale,a
120 gun Napoleonicvesselis only 24mm long, including
bowsprit.Manyofthe shipsalsocomewith adviceon painting.
Extrasincludefurled or unfurledsails,fire ships,shipswith
mastovertheside.Allyou couldwantfora largefleetaction.
As well as th€ NapoleonicrangeFigureheadalso produce
severalships in two Renaissance ranges.'Christiansand
Corsairt consistsof Meditenaneangalleys,includingsome
wrecks,ruinsand two shipslockedtogetherafter a ram. The
secondrangeis theEnglishandSpanishfleetsfromtheArnada
period.AUthe shipsarefinelycastandpaintupwell.
Lists for Hallmark,Main Forceand Figureheadcan all be
obtainedfreeby sendinga A4 stampedselfaddressed envelope
to: Hallmark Figures,30 Haigh Wood Road, Cookridge,
Leeds.WestYorkshireLS166PB.
A Btiti:h line of battle.
HALLMARK FIGURES
Reviewer: JohnSwallov
HallmarkFiguresareprobablybestknownfor theirlargerange
of 15mm€arts,wagons,artillery equipmentand associat€d
figures.The modelswillfitinto most17th& 18thCenturywars
e.g.EnglhhCivil War,ThirtyYearsWar.
The artilleryrangecoversall you will needftom %pdrlight
gunsto 32pdrgarrisonguns.Navalgunsarealsoincludedin the
list- Limbers, horses,crew, gabions,and wooden battery
platformsareamongstthemanyinter€sting bitsthatmakeyour
collectioncomplete.
The carts and wagonsrange lists over thirty different
permutations ofvehicles.Thesewill fit into virtuallyanyperiod
fromAncientto A.C.W. Therangeboastsammunition wagons,
forges,pontoonsandiumbil, all with or withouta numberof
differentloads.Draughthorsesandwaggoners areavailableto
complement the wagons.All the arlillery,wagonsand cartsare
superblycast and detailed and include many modeh not
producedby anyothermanufacturer.
A rangeof miscellaneous figuressuitablefor manyperiods
includespioneers,labourers,pontooneers,and a variety of
differentgunnersand civilians.There are many nice small
piecesthat put the €reamon the rangeand giveanyscenethe
finaltouch,e.g.MCg Coaton shovel,MC10Barrowfull of soil,
andMC??Unfortunate(Hangedman).Theseareclean,crisp,
well detailedfieuresin a true 15mm,with variedand realistic
Gunandcrc*'hatdar hotk.
STARFORT
MODELS
Reviewer:John Swallow
StarfortModelsis a newcompany,foundedlastyear,tradingin
modelbuildings.At the momenttheyproducebuildingsin two
15nm ranges.Starfortdefensiveworksand Adobe buildings.
Both of theseare madeby otherrradefs.but not in the same
numbersor with the sameuniquefeatureof almostunlimited
interchangeability-
Paftofotown'swa s showingo gateprotected
by two bastions

triite AArnralburcs
/IIUSIff4IEO-FRENCH
OLDGUABDGRENADIERS
PAINTED
BYANDINTHE
SR7
SR9
sRl carahcommand G?n{at DBc.n
Sra.ddrd Cauala-Srandard
SR2 H?rqCauala Helm?rVrdlher CLoak
SRll L qiCav.l.!. Capor BrreheadSpear.ShLeld
When replying to adverts please mention Wargames Illustrated,
.11
26 Bowleas€ Gardens,Bessacarr,
Doncaster,SouthYorkshireDN4 6AP
Tel: (0102)53003E
COLLECTION
OFPETERROYLE,
HIGHOUALITY25mm FIGURESFORTHE
WARGAMEB AND COLLECTOF
DESIGNED 8Y PETERMORBEY
ltp
ncLUD[{G
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trE2lftiesternRoad,Bi[0ericay,
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15mm SUB-ROMAN(British)
SR,1Hea!! lnfann. HeloerCao Bareh€ad Foor Command Tuo Oili.e6. Tuo MLsi.ians.
SRs Ljq[rl.lanr!- Bareh?adcapSp?a. Sh,eld FishbnsMotr!llThrceTW€sDresvdin Habji
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ClGk. Bow
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TELEPHONEORDERS
0177
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 The Starfort range has sixty modets, mnging from rvall frommy ownworkduplicated by thisrelease.Obviously,Ihave
sections to housesandabddge.The wall sectionshavea finely not playedall ofthesescenarios, but I cantestify,*ith oneor
detailedstoneworkfinishandareofa heightthatlooksgoodon twominorreservations, to th€iraccuracy - especiallyin viewof
the table. The ramparc are of a deprh that will allow you to severalappearing herethat I havedesigned myself.
standbaseson without fear of them fallins off. Farfrom beingviewedascompetition,I regardthebookletas
The modelspaint up easilyand look ;ery imposingon the creatingfuther interestin the ACW and may whet a few
table, especiallyif used in a large siege game with offensive appetities for my own more expansive (not expensive!)
ea(h works,siegegunsandengioeers in opposition.Ifyou do offering.Georgeand Ryanhavebeenaroundfor somewhile
not fix the walls on to a basethen you can take advantageof now writing scenarios for the Zouave, the .ioumal of the
heapsof rubble and broken wall sectionsto simulatedamaae American Civil Wargaming Society. The clarity of George\
and breaches In the wall. The housesand bridgework *ell6n mapsand the Iayoutis immaculat€.The A4 blackand white
their o$n and canb€ easilyfitted into manydifferent periods. booklet contains45 pagesand comesin card covers.
The interchangeability allows maximum flexibility when Fourteenscenarios are presentedhereviz: Wilson'sCreek,
designingyour fort or city walls. There are over twenly exterior l-ogan'sCrossRoads,Donelson,Winchester,Port Republic,
wall sections,variouswalkways,mmps, glacisslopes,earth Baton Rouge, Po Gibson, Salem Church, McPhenon's
works, etc. As an exampleof the interchangeablefeatures,the Ridge,Droop Mountain,NewMarket,Monocacy,Wlite Oak
rangehasa bastionpoint the rear of which is designedto fit on to RoadandDinwiddieCourtHouse.
oneof sevendifferentwallsections. Foui of thesesections allow The scenariosare designedwith the much lovedJoinn] Reb
you to build a free standingstarfort with thrce, four, five or six rulesin mind. but lhis shouldnot detracttoo muchftom their
sideswitha bastionpointat eachcomer.Pricesfor a basicwall usewith otherrules.
sectionare reasonableat 11.50,whilsaa simple triangular
starfortwith bastions ateachcorner, coveringanareaof450mm
by 450mmcostsI15.
The catalogueis the mostcomprehensive producedby any
trader,it hasa detailedprice list, but the bestfeatureis the
sevenpagesthathavel/2 scaledrawingsof all the range.These
arewelldetailedanda work of art, aswell asan aid to planning
your fofl. As the catalogueexplainstheseare meant to be THEHEAVYBRIGADE25mm
CC17 DragooaOf.(e' drdwr *od 94p
removedand copied, then cut out and usedto designwhatever cC13 DrasoonTlumpele'soundrnqrhaqe 9{b
you need.Also includedaresomeillustrationsof setsthat are L( '' uragoonrdtrngwounoeo e4t
available. cc2l s(oti GreyOff(eididwn lword ili
The cataloguecostsf1, whichis discountedfrom your fi$t !!?? s@t,GEyTlumpere, sundhq.harge s4i,
Sq:l sJotrc,ejd!,sins i4F
f1.00
AI pti.s ifttude: HoB qallopins (3 po5itiont or n6nd'nq.
FIGURERANGEREVIEW POITAGE . , , All t ( odeB oEr I30 posTFREE
UVBIPO 141ic(of ord.r,nininum50p{r.
Company:Polly OliYerCasting ovFRsEAS SURIACE 3t%of oder,hlninumtt.50
OVEnSEASATft MAtt5016 olod€i minimum t2,50
Rang€:Americln Civil War AUSIRAIIAI{EW Z€AIAI{Drm$ ol oder, ruDtu! non€v witt beetunded
Scale:lsmm CREDIT CAR05:Iel.phon. Od.E: Ruir@n{0928)55rt906
MAILORDER: Pleep .ryourname..ddre$&d.uilrinBLOCXC PITAIs.
Designer:Anthony Bartotr Send50pin ttamp. andlatgeSAElor tutt fining!,
Rele.rad:March, 193
Reviewer:Paul D. Stcvenson
Newin the PollyOliverRangeof AmericanCivil War subjects
are somevery nicelimbersandcaissons. The limberscomein SECONDIIAND WARGAMESFIGIJRES
two hors€andsixhorsevariants.Thisartilleryequipmentisvery
well detailedand €orrectlyproportioned.The draughthorses
bought & sold
are posedso that one would think they were actuallypulling
all sizes,various manufacturers
*eight. The limber riden and driversare in slouchhatsand ancients tlrrough to fantasy
kepis.One might exp€ctthe basicfigure to be the samethough TIIE OLD SOLDIER
with different headgear,but such G not the case.The iders TEL| O7Oa72O6789am to 7pm
differwith thecaissonandlimberset.
AIso new are commandfiguresfor the Union cavalry.These
areextremelywell modelled.Thereis a choiceof two buglers SIMON'S SOLDIERS
one blowingand one at rest.Somemorecavalryt,?es are, I A professionalpainring sdice for walgdds by a ufugma_
believe,immin€nt. A[ s@16 caie.edfor (up to l rohtn) but 15lrm a speciajity,wirh a
rumb6 of srdddds arailable to slu !bu. taste dd loq pocket.
For a ls,m saople *rd €1.s0 io 14 Ca€ Ffyft@, BEdda,
BOOKREVIEWS Bddg6d, Ml.l. clffi. CF3r 2sc or cd@
Stnon Chal€sortt @ 0556 768556 fo. deiarb.
Title: Bulletsand Dirt: Scenariosfor th€ AmericanCivil War
Authors: GcorgeAndeNonand RyanTo€ws
Relelsed:Msrch, 193
Price: 16.95including postag€ CHELIFER BOOKS
Available from: ll3 Clyd€ Stre€t, Carluke, Strathclyde ML8 Mike Smith
58G Todd Close,Curthwaite,Wiston, Cumbria
R€vi€w€r:Paul Stevenson Tel; 0228 77136s
Well, I must confess,theseguys have pre-emptedmy own MILITARY BOOKS
projecton ACW scenarios, but this will not detractftom my Bought and Sold Sendsae lor
own effort since I have accodingly dropped a few scenarios
.t.l

- .:a.l:r.-:,i
l;_.
- i'. - . :'

.,)r/.,/r,r,,, 11,,1
1' ,,,,
r
 45

WHATAREWARGAMES
RUTESFOR?
Ken Hanning considersa rccurring problem

INTRODUCTION undersomeform ofduress,andarethenorganised into groups

thatcanraisethe wholeeffectofthe groupintosomething far in
Therearepeftapsasmanysetsofrulesin useeveryw€ekened, excess of the sumof its parts.But thisis not so easyto model.
as gamesbeing played- and there arc certainlyas many Individualswithin the armywill learnat differentrates,willbe
dissatisfied wargamenasther€areselsofrules.Whathasgone of differentstandardsofability anfxay, andwill beeventually a
wrongr mix of vet€ransand rookies,with a slidings€aleof experience
It maybe that somewhere alongthe thin ruledline we have operatingthroughoutthe middle of these extremes.And
lostourwavwhenit comestowritingand usingrules. Mosrrules naturallyth€leamingprocess, anddisparityofability,will apply
that appearin print discussthe problemsof "realismversus at an 'army' Ievel as well. cenerals and rheir staffsmake
playability".Unfortunately,andentirelyunderstandably, rhisis mistakesin their handlingof the army. Sometimesthese
all too oftenusedasa disclaimeragainstacknowledged flawsin mistakesare shown up quickly, usuallybecauseof military
the systemon offer. But equallyunfortunately,ir is thesevery failureibutsometimes thesemistakes aremaskedbytheoverall
flawsthatleadto dissatisfaction with rules.aroundthecountry. glowof militarysuccess.
It is unlikelythat simplefixesare availableto rransformour W}|ere do we begin to contemplaternodellingsuch a
position.We are, afterall, attemptingto regulare,with tables problem,andhowdo wedecidethelimitationswithinwhichwe
anddice,theactionsofindividuals, andgroups ofindividuals,in canexpectour modelto be successful? (l will discuss laterhow
time of war. This is not a new problem.Large numbersof we mightevaluatesuccess'.)
computer programmes,trained in the graviry method of
modelling,have spent inordinateamountsof rime trying to
achievethis very end. Vadous academicdisciplineshave WARGAMESMODELLING - THE PROBLEMOF
force-feddataaolargecomputersin an attemF to producean PERIOD
endresultthatsomehowmirrorsactualsocialaction.lnlhefinal
analysiswargamerules, with their altemptsto portray the If it can be acceptedthat we must work within cenain
effectsofmorale,training,ability,fatigue.erc.arepre ymuch limitations,giventhatwhollyrealisticmodellingofa battleis an
anotherform of modellingsocialaction.Perhapsit is bestio inpossibility,thena usefulstartingpoint to beginestablishing
beginbyaskingwhatwe canreallyexpectfrommodellingofthis parametersmight seemto be the conceptof period. It is
rypeln generar. temptingheretocallan intermission in the presentation, wheel
in the ushers,and digess for a while aboutthe problemsof
historicalperiod.After all, whendo€shistorybeginand end,
MODELLINGSOCIALACTION and how can it be sub-divided within the overallcontinuum?
But havingseenonly a fractionofthe argumentrelatingto ahe
We beginherewith a problem.Our notedjournal, tyalga.ner definitionof Perioddefilethe pagesof Slingshotfor too long,
I ustuted, is not an academicjoumal. nor should il be. thereaderwillhaveto forgivemeignoringthehistoricalniceties
Nonetheless some discussionis necessary to esrablishwhat here.Meanwhile.backat the rules!
modellingcan achievein general,before we move on to
ls 'Period'a goodway of realisticallyliniting our expecta-
considerWargameModellingin particular.
tions! If we take a look at the standsof tradersat various
This is goingto boil down to an argumentabout method.
wargamesshows aroundthecountry,thenwemightbeforgiven
Whatwe areconcerned with is this is it possibleto modelthe
for thinkingthatsucha divisionwasalreadytakingplace.After
actionsofhumansrealistically? Theanswerisanernphatic'Not' all. it is now
Forthesimplereasonthathumansarenot like anyothertypeof Dossible to obtaincommercialsets of rulesthatwill
coverdifty greatslicesof history.Passingquicklybeyondthe
organismthat we inight like to model. Unlike most typ€sof 'Ancienf
period,let me brieflylook at WWII. Onesetof rules
organism,humanslearnfrom experience. Thereforegiventwo proudlyboasts"World
consecutively War lI, and AII Land Warfarein The
occurringidenticalsetsof circumstances (were P€riod 1917-1967"1
Another offers the conceDtof "Infanrrv
suchan eventpossible),humanswill reacrdifferently.Theonly
ActionIol4-1945.andofcounemoremodesrly,aseminalrexi
variablewill be the processof leaming.And this reallyis rhe
offers"Wargames Rulesfor all almslandwarfarefrom Platoon
fundarnental problem.Unlike anynormals€tof scientificdata,
to Battalionlevel,1925-1950". Up to this point our discussion
wecannorestablishcontrolexperimentstotestourmodel.
has been rather generaland at times abstract.Let us now
lndeed,if the modelweregenuinelyto work realistically, it interogatethe validityofthes€broadbrush
couldprobablyonlywork once,andthenhaveto beretooledro approaches ofJered
above,by usingtheinformationwehavegainedtodate.
takeaccountof the learningprocessof its subjects!I'rn afraid
As a start point let me remind you of the problem of
thereforetharthe firsi lessonro learnfrom our quesrto model
modellingsocialaction.Humanslearnfrom their actionsand
humansin battlewillrelateto thisverypoint.We areuntikelyto
thereforewemustnt expecttoo muchofmodeh.How doesthis
establish a setofrulestharwill realistically work in termsof all affecl
our WWII rulesafflictedwith "period longevity"?It is
likelyactions.Thefirstlessonisthereforethatourrulesmustbe
likelytharthebroadertheperiodtherulesattemprto cover,the
intendedto workwithinlimitedframeworks. Moreof thatlater. moreelaboratetheywill haveto beto besuc€essful (orthemore
enre(aining ih failurel). The tesr that can be applied to
WARGAMESMODELLING - TIIE PROBLEMOF wargames rulesis moreseverethanthoseon offerelsewherc
modelling.Apan ftom thosewho wish to gamebeyondthe
in
ARMIES present,or beyondthefringe,theresrofknowingwhatactually
Whichcomesfirstin establishingrules, thesoldier,or thearmy? happen€dis available.For example,someruleswrite( artack
Irrespective of period,theactionsofindividuals,or ofgroupsof the problem of different troop types by straightforwardly
individualsis whatour rulesare usuallyall abou..Armiesonly endowinggood troopsofthe periodwith morepowers,andless
work because lots of individualsare broughttogether,usually goodtroopsare deniedsomeabilities.Sometroopsmightfor
 qtrM EAGLE
tl'Ni$ rnirriatrr res HEROES
MINIATURE
NEW:FeudalEuropeRange
F1 Knight1250 Fl1 Peasant
AEliJl'RBan'3llth,Pfus:i'jiqh!'fr€n.h F2 Knight1250 FCl Knighr'1250
F3 Spearman FC2 Knight1250
F4 Sergeant FC3 Sergeant
"-F oi,dob. i c:ov4ots F5 Axeman MDH1 Bardedhorse,
F6 Heavy standing
^iialLr?d siru.s wad^ c wr 5 Y tv rco oDnl
Crossbow MDH2 Bardedhorse,
D:fi ^dar wu ^rtr, bik [eor, Mhd!ir-!b, doGLdinc[ qJ.r.l s$ Bte. F7 Light Crossbow trotting
F8 Welsh MDH3 Horse,
SCIIEMATICASOFTTI'ARE Longbowman standing
wtlciras l|tlEs otl Dl| tot rlE rru, r lcr t BrrPc F9 Shortbowman MDH4 Horse,
Rd6ondsrloog.]lFio&dE4dfu{hkslUgrd4d}fF!.dEbenrac F10 Peasant trotting
@*iltm6rl4nEseaed
n@&fu)drNNfutr6{fue
raffi b 6kd b tsdd d mdd6.n
F.tuMed41fulfu@gh!wdFdEe!c'EffidEafuh6d
.r.rhhE h m&q Fat e@4 h Foot Figures:35p Mounted: 80p
e d d ont cr5.es, do ',.fu ei3.es.

h ffi rtu ctn tr w.:!.8 Ed Y@ @ Postage:UK l0%, WorldSuiace:30%,

unglm rdtr 6!h rh. N6lrtu ro &
Airmail: 50%
M@oT.rc.ffi&a'no!fufd'dsortrMc6dY'o[Iddqd
rhnlc, dn6, p.6dll@. ma
Mv[(]AGdc'!@dbYery6 Chequesmadepayableto Heroes
&hdpst6m6.h. rerhcdq'oe r$o E:daFvalsma4mBsdbv6.
Miniatures.
bdn4..fudmEpd.edal€
fi&dnpld.lmgsF]ldsrE'otilld.bds
P6bt.75!F&kiu(-futs 7 WaverleyPlace,Worksop,
l. atcK 62Bttfitorlox, EtDStEtD,
rr. llDE, CAISIIIA SIl4 glL Notts S802SY.
examplebe described as"Green",andothersas"Stubbom"or But nonetheless, if we are occasionallyfrustratedby glaing
"Dashing" (definitions otrercd h Waryames
Rulesln5-1950, historicalimpossibilities, or by unduerestrictions on our troops,
WargamesR€searchGroup, June 1988).This is in theory a thentherouteofcurtailmentofperiod alongwith veryspecific
good enoughway of overcomingthe problem of different timeandrroop.typing-i\ probablyworlh erploring.
standards ofability,butonly at a fixedpointin time.I amafraid I think what I am hopingfor from ruleswriters is a serof rules
thatis reallythepoint.Manyexamplesexist whetesometroops whichattacka smallperiodoftime, with lotsofbolt-ongoodies
thaacouldbe classified as "Green"in theserules,significantly asoptional€xtrasfor givenscenarios. Thusthe time in history,
outperforned "Stubborn" classified
trcops and in waysthat andthecontextof theactionin a broadersense (i.e. thestateof
wouldnot havebeenpossibleundertheserules.(Thesuccess of the troops,thestateof the largerconflict,anda chaoceto inpur
the U.S. 34thDivisionlatein the Tunisiaflcampaign,and the knowledge we nay haveofthe historicalevents)night leadro
failureofthe British56thIondon Divisionat the sametime in
the samecampaignisbutoneglaringcontradiction. ) It is impossible to avoida chargeof"determinism"here.We
In otherwaysthe actualmechanisms of all theseruleshave certainlydonot wantto socontrainoutcomes, with the benefit
much to recommendthem, but they all, in differentways, of historical hindsight, that the battle becomesa tediously
cannotcopewith the huge periodsthey allow themselves to predictablecharade.But some shift of balanceaway fiom
cover.The problemof periodis not just a fault of the many outrageouslyimpossibleresultsis vital, and in the ptocess,
excellentruleswritersthatserveus.In manywayswe areguilty endingthe useof unhistorical'lricks" by rulesexpertsmight
of receivingwhat we demand.At wargamerswe so frequently alsobe a usefulby-product.
carveup our hobby into large periods,that it is almostno Sowherearewe?I guessin theprocess of evaluation. I would
wonder that rules writen oblige us by rnirroring this with their keenlywelcome thosewho producerulesto tum out somesets
that attemptedlessin termsof historicalscopeandgrandeur,
Unfortunately the problem of period exerts an undue and more in terms of realism.But I think that mv earlier
restdction on rules to deliv€r at least modest amounts of caution.$ilh regardLothelimitarionsotmodelling reafsmmusr
realism. Therefore as a filst step, we must hope that some alsobe reasserted. For our part,perhapsweneedto expectless
writen will tum their attention to writing more effectiverules, of rules that will in furure be intended to achieveless.
for mor€cu(ailedperiods. Therefore, if \re are morewilling to be parted from our cash,for
moresetsof rulescoveringsmallerperiods,perhapsthe rules
IF I WEREYOUI WOULDN'T STARTFROM writers will oblige $ith deeperand more specificresearchinto
IIERE! individual actions,andtherebyoffer lots of excitingoptionsthat
€ould suggestho\{ thei rules might be usedto model such
I think that this may beginto be the way aheadfor at leastsome
of us. There is no doubt of coursethat for many of us at some
The by-wordsmight in the future be that in terms of period
time, the larye period, broad brush rules approach is quite
andscope,againstplayabilitylessreallydoesproduc€more!
convenient.lndeed, to avoid over fussy games,it is at times
 47
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3VC SKSWalhn! K&M r,ees.Hun6, ol enamelanJ r ryhc Dai;6. PererPis orcduds.
vc5 tuureslrcm FanrasvForseandCienahier.f,euresb\lJiron
vc6 M'nEtu e\ and Bdule Hondur\ MrnEture\ Dlribook.: 'ule',nd
' a i n l e d a r n i e .D. i c e f r o mh o b b v P a r e .\ .a p o l e o n i c . h i p ' ( r o m
p
SkytRr r h i sh s rs e i i l o n B e r a l i r hre, m e .
us1 3Rincn€nM16\talkine Do comeandvisit- openinghours
us2 3 EiflcmcnM16AdrncinE-
us3 NCO&2Rifl.m.. M16 Mondavto Saturdav 9am-5.30or1
us4 M60Guner & NO.2 + M?9Grc@dic.
us5 On!@r,Radioman& Riflcnan
us6
us7
us8
us9
us108lmMonar t2Cfl THE SMALLBACK ROOM
Mi niatu re Painting Seruice
L1lln 3 M.rin6 M16 Walkinc
UM2 3 Mdin*M16Adr in! . \.e a.hieve consisrencyin sryle, ac.ua.y
UI|I:I Olficei R.dioEar SniEi rnd quality of ffnish, rqsher wnn . pmmp!
UM4 3 M60 Cun..6
UM5 l€spoN2ndf'iendlysflic.compditfuely

NV1 RPD Gunn.r & No.2 + RPGGrcn.dier . send sd atrsi .las sbmps or eo IRG for r
NV2 25mm srople, or rour li6t clrs sbnps ror
NV3 3lWA AK47 AdvSnci I 15mmemple.nd an intomdon pack.
Officer,
Buslcr& Runn.i
. Plus ror (ery 110 spmt on orde6.
! cusroneB ae llodially ente€d i o
Siocllst Th. Blncts 325 UDd.rI ll R.L. Lndod SE229EA
Sbd Sl@ldslt S,D.D. paintd iigures of the wime6 choic.
Pdc. Ir.00 Er Dncl Aa31415671
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PGt & PocklE U,lC los_ Mir t0.54 Md t2s0
Ov.M Sunae 30% Ailluil60% TSBR,42 ASHFIELD5ROAD . SHRE\'SBLIRY, SHROPSHIRE
SYT]SB

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WANTED
Ads shouldbe accompaniedby a chequemadepayable BOOXSWANTEDespecially on wargaming anduniforms.Any
to Stratagem Publicatiotrs Ltd., 18 l,overs Lane, periodconsidered. Tel: Stephenon 0903-5M859 (eveningsand
N€wark, Notts. NG24 lIZ. Ratelsp per word. Please weekends).
add l7thqo V.A.T. Minimum charee:f2.50, IIELP! STRANDEDWARGAMERlookingfor club to join in
Havering,Essexarea.Perhapswe €ouldform a club?Please
FOR SALE contactMark on 0708-372060 after6pm.
MILIIARY BOOKS BOUGHT FOR CASH. Send listing to:
l/76 FUJIMI, ESCI, AIRFIX, MATCIIBOX, Jacklex and
157 Hainault Avenue, Giffard Park, Milton Keynes
Akhetonkitsandfigures,FortSahara- Alsofew1/32figuresand GES,
MK145PJ.
accessories- S.A.E. to: J.D. Litchfield, 104 Carlton Road,
AIR BATTLES IN MINIATURE, MIKE SPICK, AISO
Sneinton,NottinghamNG3 2AS.
(Mostly FICI{TER PILOT TACTICS. Write with phone number and
NAPOLEONIC25ntn FIGURES. Connoisseur/Eagle
Miniatures).French/Prussian/British - from 20punpaintedand desiredprice to B. Stewart,Flal 2, 67 KingsRoad, Boume-
mouthBH3 7LE.
60ppainted-Tel: Richard (0443)833717.
DISCONTINUEDAIRFX l/72-1l32Figures,Forts, Playsets, CITADEL MIGIIIY FORTRESS. OId "Dragon" magazines
"Dungeon" magazines.TSR modulesfor AD&D and
AssaultSets.A.F.V. kits.Boxedorloose.Tel: 0602-399004. and
D&D (eg. GAZ1-14, N2-5,GDQ1-7,13-14,H2, H4 etc).All
DIXONACW. Union: 12Cav.218Inf.2 Guns.1 with Limber.
Rebel:31 Cav. 119Inf, 3 Guns,I with Linber. plusbuildings Judges Guild material, old Fantasyfieuressought.Chris(0777)
andaccessories. allwell oainted.!495-Also 15mlnTexanWar 108262.
oflndependence: 88 Cav,240Inf, 7 Guns.Also largemodelof PAINTING SER\'ICES
TheAlano, 1180.PhoneRichardon 0843-228200 in shophours
for moreinformation. TABBY'S PAINTING SERVICE.Experiencedpainter,fast
BATTLFJETS. tnfantry, Cavalry, Artillery, Accessories: and efficient, supplier to large establishedcompany,ready
Trees,Walling,Fencing,Lichen.Ai ix, Revell,Esci1/72scale. made armies a speciality, Napoleonicsand Ancients to
Ancient, Medieval,30YW, 7YW, AWI, Napoleonic,ACW, collectorsstandards.S.A.E. and f1 for sampleand list. 12
WildWest,ZuluWar,ForeignLegion,WWI, WWII,Vietnan- RidgeviewRoad, Noctorum, Birkenhead,MerseysideL43
SendS.A.E for list. Pleasestateperiodrequired.NewFigures: 9AB.
NapoleonicBitish lnfanrry,FrenchKnighrs.Tel: 0271-77757SfiVE'S FIGURES,PAINTING SERVICE,any scale,any
after2pm.A. Peddle,(wI), "Sunnymead",4BrauntonRoad. Deriod.sendS.A.E. andfl for 15mmsampleto:8 Box Grove,
Bamstaple,N. DevonEX31 lJY. Belmont,HerefordHR27YF, orphone(0432)354745.
15nn 17th CENTURYFIGLTRES:168 Horse. 450 Foot. 6 YOU'\T SEENTHE REST, NOW SEtr TIIE BDSTfor quality
Guns/Crews. Mainly30Yeart War Imperialistbut suitablefor and valueat the Sergeant's Mess,Unit 28, RivingtonHouse,
other armiesof the period. Basedand mostlywell painted, Chorley New Road, Horwich, LancashireBL6 5UE. Send
fi50. 1/300modernIran/lraq war armies:270 odd vehicles f1.50 for sampleor phonem04-668197.
(wellpaint€d),plus150infantrybases(to WRG),1150.Many S.J.W. FIGURINES,wargamesfigurespaintedto collectors
unpainted15mm17rhCenturyfiguresplus ACw cheapfor standard,historical,SF/F. For price list and sample15mm
quicksale,boardgames alsoavailable.Tel: 0277262131after 6gure,send11.50andS.S.A.E. Chequesetcto: S.J.Ward,The
7pm. Bungalow,TregoodwellDairyFarm,CamelfordPL329PI.
25mmNAPOLEONICS.Brilish andFrench.850Infantry,180 PREMIEREMPIRE PAINTINGSERyICFS.Your wargame
Mounted,wellpainted,grassbasedandvarnished, in unitswith figurinespainted to collector'sstandard. SendSAE for pricelist
officersetc.From50peachor t450the lot. Tel: 0706-30510 for and details. C. Klimczak, 38 The Crescent, Maidenhead, Berks
listandsample- SL66AH.
25nm ESSEX SIIDAN CAMPAIGN. Experily painted and IMPERIAL FIGURINFS.Professionally paintedwargameand
based. British:120lnf.10Cav.10Camels.I150. Dervish:120 fantasy figures to collectors standards from 5mm upwards.
Inl. l0 Cav.I0 Camels..tl50. Tel:0985-2 18047 evenin8s. Whether you require l figureoran army,one standardisgiven-
CRIMEANWAR 25rnmMINIFIGS:Russian,Brit'sh,Turkish, the bestl Send SAE and t1.50 for 15mm or f3.00 for 25mm
500Infantry, 100Cavalry,8 Guns.Paintedand based.1275 sampleand price list to: David Mortlock,24 lmperialDrive,
ono.Also books,SAE. Jordan,5ChesterStreel, Oxford. Gravesend.Kent DA12 4LN. Telr 974358948, overseas
MILITARY BOOKSIOR SALtr. For full listingsendSAE to
157HainaultAvenue,GiffardPark.Milton KeynesMK14sPJ. PHIL PAINTS ANYTI NG BUT CEILINGS! Efficient, quality
IAN WEEKLEYORIGINALS,Largemedievalcasde. Samurai paintingservice,all periods,al sizes.PhonePhil on Cardiff
castle(WI67 front cover),Samuraihouse.Ancientsmodular (0222\231775.
fon. Spanish church, tavem, houses, Russian church VALHALLA. Very high standardpaintingseflice. Ancients
(Napol€onic),Seriousoffers only. Call 0372-844690 after andNapoleonics a speciality.SendS.A.E. and f1 for sanpl€
7.30prn. andpricelist. Chequesetc. to; David Thompson,109Salters
COLLECTABLEMACEDOMAN ARMY 25mn. Paintedby Road,Gosforth,Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE3 lDU.
B.J. Harris.thisEssexarmyhasbeenf€aturedin WI. Over250 DELUXEMINIATURESPAINTINGSERVICES. Professional
figures- superbphalanxes,Companion€avalry,etc (pdce figurepaintingserviceofferingexceptional quality,yet reason-
rangefrom I8-I10 infantry,I14 cavalry).Call0372'844690. able prices, for all figure sizes.SendSAE and 12 for price list
COLLtrCTABLESELtrUCIDARMY 25mn. Paintedby B.J. and sample.Chequeset€ payableto: Del-uxe Mifliatures,5
Harris.thisis anotherfantasticcollectionof Essexfiguresthat AbbotshallAvenue.GlassowG158PW.Tel:041-944 6174.
includes Elephants. Chariots,Phalanx,Skythians, SuperHeavy
Cavalry.€tc. et al. (Price range from f8-f10 infantry, 114 WARGAMES FIGURES PAINTED
cavalry.ll0 Elephants & Chariots.)Call0372-844690. to collector'sstandards. SendSAEor t o IRCSfor pricelist
to: D. Seagrove,
350+ BOOKS:Napoleonic,NineteenthCentury,Uniforms, THE I-AST DETAIL
Wargaming.S.A.E. to MagentaBooks, l Sil€oatesStreet, 196 Parlaunt Road,Lanqlev,Slouqh,Berkshire SL38AZ
WakefieldWFzODU.
52
WAYNE S WARRIORSPAINTING SERYICE. All periods at
€ompetitiveprices.!1 chequeand S.A.E. for sampleand lkt,
payableto: W. Millard,2 woodwardDrive, LongwellGreen,
Bristol. Avon BS155HR. Tel: 0272-326801.
G.J.III.FIGURINES
War.amssFiouB oainlodlo @ll6cloBslanddrd,
tnniro 30mm-. 5n'n samolof6€ u$ SAEor 5 lBCs.
ForsMd6 l arnmfigtlreandlistss€nd!r.95 or e2.95
lor 25mmssrnploligur€,payabl€io Gdard CMin,
Mesi Sldion Clo€.,ODnEron,
24 Ch€lsfrold
Kenl,BRs4RN ibiln yt t.pho nohbd
smnaspdialiry. Td.pnon :c6&&0115(aahr)
USou3tomorupl..!o !.nd t5 bllllor l5mm 3.mpl€ + lbi
REALISTIC SCENERY AT REALISTIC PRICFS. SENd
S.A.E. for list to: Micro Scenics,33 Cole Lane, Irybridge,
DevonPt210PN.
PLAY.BY.MAIL
FREE INTRODUCTIONto HellenicPBM for wargameEby
the authorofDBA rules.Build armieson paper,rulethe*orld
The gamesystem
with or in oppositionto 20 otherwargamers.
has been playtestedand usedthree yearsover 5,000player
tums, involvingthe bestbalanceofeconomics,diplomacyand
warfare.The costis low andcontactwithothergamerssuperb.
WriteCHEEPPBM,26Iron Mill Close,Fareham,HantsPOl5
6JZ,orphone(0392)8a932 dayor evening.
CLIJBS& SOCIETIES
WARGAMFS ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH PEM.
BROKESHIRE(WASP), St. John's Church Hall, Church
Street, PembrokeDock. Tuesdays7pm-1lpm, absolutely
anybodywelcome. Tel: Mark Davies(0834)860514.
NEW WARGAMES CLIJB IN TRURO, CORNWALL. war-
gamesWest offers a wide range of wargaming and relaled
activitiesfor ages14 andover. A broadspedrumof historical
periodsarecovered1oappealto all tastes,includingfantasy and
science fictiongames.The club currentlymeetson the second
and fourth Fiday of eachmonth,between7pm and llpm at
Truro Boys Club. Membersare not requiredto bring any
miniaturesor accessories asthey mayparticipatein anyof the
evening'sgames.No previouswargamingexperience is neces-
sary.Ther€is a smallannualmembership feeof!5 to gotowards
the costof club equipmentand administration. An additional
chargeoffl is payableeachmeetingattendedto coverthe cost
of the hall. For funher informationpleasecontactG. Dale on
10872) 865925.
MACCLESIItrLD WARGAMES CLUB. A newclub playingall
periods. For more information phone Geoff webb on (0625)
424313,GrahamWillmotton (0625)511763 or SteveYeateson
(0625)613406.
FORTHCOMDIG
EvEI'ITS
IIALITAX WARGAMES SOC. 25TH ANNTVERSARYOPEN
DAYwill takeDlaceon SaturdavJune12th.at Hali{axCricket&
Athletic SoaiaiClub, Thrum Hall, Halifax.A tull day of fun
wargamesand participationgames.Open to old friendsand
new, all welcome-ContactColin Duk€, Secretary,28 Beech
Road, SowerbyBridge, West Yorks HY6 2LR. Tel: 0422-
833646.
TO TI{E REDOUBT '93. The EastbourneClub's Annual
Conventionwillbeheldat The RedoubtFonresson the24th&
25thJuly.Therewill bedemonstrationandparticipation games,
traders,bring& buy,re-enactment groupsanda bar.Theshow
is sponsoredby Redoubt Enterprisesand Make and Paint
Service.Socone downandhaveanenjoyableday(s) by thesea.
t2 AdulBrl OAPSandChildren.
MIDLAND MILITAIRE 1993,Saturday19& Sunday20 June
1993,TheHarry MitchellRecreation Centre,Smethwick.
The
CONNO/SSEUR
fiange
Figuresby PETER& CHRIS GILDER
i\E!YFLE(IBLE
DISCOTJNTTJNITS
Our popular discount units can no{r' be made up in any
combination of ffguresyou like. As long asfte numb€r
offigures staysthe sajneand a British or French unit
hasBritish and French figures then you are fre€ to
choos€your own,
OFIER GOOD THRU MAY lst
NOWOaT:
BRITISH HIGHI-4ND COMMANDFIGURES
ORDER (0723)870741
HOTLINE:
INTHEU.S.A.
ALSOAVAILABLE
CONNOISSEURIGrJ'RES: 2OaCo6tal Road, Bumlstoq
ScarborouSh, N. Yorks YO13 oHR' T€l: (0723) 870741.
CONNOISSEIIRFIGI'RES US,{.:P.O. Aox 229,
6a22-22 Avenue Norlh, St Peaersburg, rL 33710.
Fd & T€r: 813-33-u97.
SABRE93. HarrogatewargamersClub will be stagingtheir
event.SABRE 93 on Sundaylst Augustat The Royal Baths
AssemblyRooms.CrescentRoad,Harrogate.Doorsopenat
10am,end at 5pm. Bar andsnack-/buffetare available.Ample
carparkinglessthan5 minuteswalk.For tradedetailscontact
J.R. Elwen,Vine Cottage,Main Street,walton, Nrwetherby
LS237DJ.Tel: BostonSpa(0937)842313 (evenings).
S.E.LONDONWARGAMESGROUP-OPENDAY-SELWG
93. Sunday17th October1993.10am-5pm.NEW VENUE:
CrystalPala€eNationalSportsCentre,AnerleyHill, London
SElq. SELWChatemovedIheirOpenDaylo large'premises.
the newvenueoffersmorespaceandmoretradersandgames.
This yeartherewill be over 25 wargamesdemonstrations,top
qualitypaintingand modellingdisplays,a painting/modelling
competitionof more than 20 classes,and 40 of the hobby\
leadingtraders,plus the famousSELWG Bring & Buy stalls.
TheCentreoffe$ excellentBarandBuffetfacilitiesplusalarge
FREE carpark.In additionreasonably pricedaccommodation
is availableon site lessthan 5 minuteswalk ftom the hall.
Adnissionprice12, for furtherdetailsandinformationplease
send a large SAE to: Paul Gr€enwood.16 west Hallowes,
Eltham.LondonSE94EX.
FISTICUIrc VII _ TIIE WARGAMES CONVENTION!
Featuring:Participationgames.trade stands.refreshments,
Bring & Buy. Demo games/DoublesAncients. Venue:
WeymouthCollege,CranfordAvenue.Date: lst and2ndMay
1993.Prices:t1.50 per day but !2.50 for both days(It for
OAPs/under1,{'s).Times:10amto 5pm both days.Contacts:
Traders.M. Goddard,36 Knightsdale Road,weymouthDT4
0H9. Generallnfo:D. Howes0305-834917. Competition:Lists
to S. Hacker,79 The Worthys,BradleySlokeSouth,Bristol
BS128DQ. ComperitionFee15 per playerto P. Frith, 101A
Alma Road,Winton,Boumemouth.
CLAYMORE93. Adan House,Edinburgh.Sarurday31 July
1993.
Figures
/& -S^
A

gi!!6s {/e{t

For \Yargamers fl6 GTI

& Collectors ffiE €+fls
Manufactured
exclusivelyin the south lS, uF
of England by
Theultimate15mmNapoleonics
Wargames NEW - Prussian
staffset,morePrussian
reserve
infantry& ImperialFrenchlight infantry
8e SSAEor 2 IRClor Iull detailst.)
24, CricketersClose, also available
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NAPOLEON C I R I N C H R T V o L U T I O N A R Y ! V ASRI5V T \ Y I A R S \ \ N RT N C TS H C I VT t ! A R : A ' 1 T RC A \ r \ ' A R O f N D E P T N D T ] \ ] CPTRSONALITIES:
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a 25mm. as a Hin(htirin e g u r e r& e q u i p m s n r
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 trtr88trtr trMOEtr
trtrtrtrtrtrtrtr
NEW *** NEW *** NEW *** NEW *** NEW *** NEW *** NEW *** NEW
..YETMORENEW FIGURES"
CLASSICGERMAN INFANTRY tr939-r9$) T.RENCH
All in HelmetsatrdMarching Boots FRN1 PlatoonCommand
CGI PlatoonCommand Officer,NCO rifle, scout
OfficerNco, MP40,2dflemenwalking FRN2 NCO'S
CG2 PlatoonHQsection 3 variousIifle armedNCO'S
NCO VMP40, sniper KAR98, edicall kneeling FRN3 Advancing
CG3 SectionLeader Advancing 4 variousrifle & rifle grenadearmedinfantry
NCO rv/MP40and2 riflemen all walking FRN4 Firing
CG4 Riflemen Advancing 4 firing rifle & rifle grenadeinfantry
3 variouslyposedriflemenrunning FRNs LMG Groups
CG5 MG GroupAdvancing 2 teamsmoving& firing
GunnerwMG34 running,loaderwalkingand
ammonumberwalking NEW! FRtrNCII T94O
CG6 SectionLeaderHatted All in Greatc@tand Helm€t
NCO MP40andriflemenhatted
FRN6 Co:npanyComnand
CG7 RiflemenFiring
Officer(in kepi),2 menradioteam,NCO rifle
2 kneelingand I standingrifleman pointingandrunner
CGg MG Group Firing FRNT HotchkissMMG fidng
MG34liringw/drawnnag, loaderpointingandrifle
MMG gunner,loader, NCO andammonumber
firing,all prone
FRN8 Infantry Gun Crew
5 figuresfor small infantry guns
AFVCREWSa VchicleMountedCr€ws
AFVI Soviettank crew, bailing out (5) D SOVIET INIANTRY
AFV3 Soviettank riders (5) C SOV9 50mmMortarteam,2 teamsnoving andfidng
AFV4 Fallschirmjagercrew for kettenkrad (3) B SOV10 PTRD A/T ifle team- 2 teamsmovingand
firing c

PRICES:Cod€A-11.00;B-11.35rC-ll.6s; D-t1.90; E-12.0s

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 a(

,- :' ir.

L A T EM E D I E V A1L4 5 0 -51O O
25 mm miniaturesdesignedby MarkCopplestone
MEN.AI.AAMSN FI]LLANMOUR
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LM: Gdh CorhoLr ,., h.mm.'
LM3 Sl.nd ng 2.honded sword
LNrd Advofcra 2.hcnded 5word
LMt rcion orholr 2.ho.ded !so'd
LNl60 . iobord ormat wclhommer
b n lobod roller wohommer
SIANOAfiOSEAAERSANO MUSCANS
LM7 Gemon/Sv$solel
LMB icli.rn bo|bur6 wilb tubon
Weo rompele.lo hol
b I'lmpeler woo V hot
toorcolo ERs
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LMl3o llaberdler verycoor rosedsr6t
b Hob€'d er lv6ico.tGemo. so et
LMl4a Hoberderldck ce eiere
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LMl5a H. bed erbrco.di.e babulo
b Hoberderbroc.dne roiredso 6t
LMl6a Fo berder no.qnQ Jeep I efte hor
b B hon s'c.dl.o bablre
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b B mon ock imoe scner
LMlSo B ntn odlo.c ns locksimpesottel
b B mon odvc.c ni locr scL;r
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Lvzlo F'o.l rort o ter,o. borb\ne
LV2lb ftoni ronk: remon reh e.hoi
LM22c2ndro.r pikemonce e ere.
b z.dlcn! plehor ooen soler.
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b 3rdro.k oikemonrurbo..
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LMH2 Armoured$dh caporsn
LMH3 Cho^rro.fo.cyhohe$
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