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LIST OF FIGURESILLUSTRATED.INCOLOUR.INTHIS ISSUE.
AFNILEFY
wF.105Gunnd@.ing ss
wR.i07 Gunnd$tr fr.ll.r
WF.1e Gunndrifi buck€t
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wFcfl.110 Plumd&h.r -
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wRC.v.153 Vi&Ed sallBl
wRcav.l 54 op.Dltc.d s.ll.r
WACav.l55 Cldr, d..p sgll€r
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WFCav.l58 Shlh.d @r, d6.p qll.t
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wRcw-162Mou.dh.€td
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wB 233 J&k. liEry @r6wd & d4€f. bdbuta
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wE 1e qol6dil!. liwy @r. ee€d ssrlsr wR 23s Ssngino2-had.d sNtu, sarr.r
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wB 175
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WR 176 Ana.Lng, b!€rd, ysd r€rr.r w8?41 sbiiintiwitl md, ba4iE
wR 177 Arkkno, ralard, b€reE wR 242 ahadn-o $tr swd. usd sler
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WR r79 Srandim.brimdin.. d€d ssller.bsr
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WR1@ ArEckino $h odo hdms. Msd.d sal.t
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WR 190 KnOh ofiackln!wh h6lb€rd,d..p Eal.t
wRH.1 Am@rcd-6r4im.950
wRH 2 Amdhd dsrldind 95i!
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AFIILLEFY
AFC|{EFS ssc 13 H6aWEornbad 42.50
WR 195 Sh@dm.br@!Cat. a nal shn SSG 14 LiohrSdnbard e235
wR ls shddn6 kd( e mar shni ssc 15 A;iilfl iran . 6E
WR 197 StsMi. lnamur.d SSG50 Hody Bmbard 14001450 €2.a0
WR 19a Sh60n;. Ed( oladGr& v sor€ds.ll.r SSGsI Blroundid Hdw Bombard$-00
WR 1s Sh@dm.hd<. bbdd e ds.o s||.r ssc 5,2 Bu/audr4 LohrE nbrd E?.65
wR 2oo sh@rti. iad- brader & m.iar sku||
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WR202 Dasm_sird lDm b€li 'D.Fr- 2.hrd.d nr.n/urr .uFFrLd
WR 203 Srardrig,hsy @.r. rsll.r " D..or6 hr d.dl.d
WR 20a F*hin! ld aw, b.ioandino,cfl.lld
wR 205 R*him ld drd. brioandine.rallhar
WR 26 AehilE ld sw. bri6gidin.. .5ll.r
wR 2o7 Advdiio. rred oit.iisd.d aalr.t
wR 2@ Adven!. tMri @r, vr3d€dsatr.r
"' WR 2@ AdvdjnO. liwry @i tur hat 25mm 25mm
PERSIAN
WR210 Pterlm ir.lEr. d. d6 lall.r
"'
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wR 212 Pr{iEini b dhol, @r, €!
WR 213 SlandnE,i?rd( br@r plal., vl$.d s.rlEr PELOPPONESIAN
WARS
WR214 SEndiN,iad ]iwd @L babma
wR21s $andho,iad(,prador,sarr.r
(Wn 2rO- ?r5 .updl.d rfth -Fnl. crdb<D) D*igned by Daw Gallaetu.
$bdna 6ai .N.llid. srh r6.d.li
$@d.i. 6at. Bd.d s5ll.r 1 fto o@rhol Lenid*, KinqotSFna
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WANGAiIfT Contents
Illurlraled Pag€
14 TimPricr CampaignR€cruiting
A natix gane ofrecntitinglor D.R.A.
canpaBns
Waryanes lllustrated is published on the last Thursdayot 16 Fnwhite Routor Retr€at?
eachnonth by: StalagemPublications Lld.,18 LovercLane, Rearguadandpur tit additionsfor
Newark,Notts.NG24lHZTel:063671973EDITOB: Duncan D.R.A.
lvlacfaane.TYPESETTII{G & BEPRODUCTION BYrPressplan 18 MarkEnns CrnnonsandColDn|ns
ServicesLtd.PRINTED in England.DISTRIBUTORS: Comag NapoleonicD.B.A.
Magazine l\,1arketing, Tavistock Road, West Dra!.lon,
MiddlesexUB7 7QE. USA| The Emperor'sHeadquarters, 21 ChrisPeers Oncasuallies, lhe'*ider context" and
theincreasinglethalityof *argames
5744WestlrvingParkRoad,Chjcago,lllinois60634.Tel:312 magazine articles
7778668.CANADA:RAFMCompanylnc.,20 Pa.khillRoad
East,Cambridge, Onlario,Canada,NlR 1P6 AUSTBALIA: 24 Tin Price(Again) Dahomey1892
Fay Compton,Essex MiniaturesLld., 9 LowannaPlace, (Teenage AmazonWonenintheJungh)
Homsby,NSW 2077. FRANCE:Jeux de Gueffe Ditlusion, 27 DavidBickley Pluggingthegapto Calais
6 rue de Meissonier, Pa.is 75017. Thebattteof Gheluvel t, 3l (h tober 1914
32 MafiinJon€s Tokugawa's Triumph
TheOsakaCastleCanpaigns,
SUBSCnIPTIOIS for12issuesofWaroames lllustraled 161+1615
arc!22 inlheU.K.
Eurcpe& rsslol Woridsurface:!26. RestofWoid aimail:t36. 38 SlephenEde-Bon€tTheNighfinar€ofEurop€
BACI( IUIBERS All issuesexceolnos.I . 2 & 3 a.estill TheYeDiCheriin the16th& tTth
availableat[2 eachoostoaid. CenlTtries
Eacknumberc ol ouroccasionai sDecial
extraoublication 4l RichardCai€ TheV.M.S.Fainabriefreport
Wargames Wo darealsoslillavailabie: Nos.2.3, 4: [2.40post 4 Rob€rtMorgan TheltalianFl€€tin BastAfrica, l94G.4l
paidlNo.5 el.80poslpaid.
ClassifiedAds
BIIDER' lorWargames (capacity
lllustmted 12issues).
Binde$lorWargames Worldalsoavailablg. Samecapacity, same
price.Price:!6 iost paidrnuK Frcnt cowr phob: 25m'n Dixon Miniaturcs Sanurci ton the
Reslol World:add!1 .50extraDoslaoe.
co ection ol Trcvor Syrad, psinted bt" B. J. Ha is (surclf
Frc|||rSTRATAGEIPuariCmOfs rro., Britain s longesirunning prcfession\l painting service),
It acv.6l.nc, Icr.tk, tloftr. G2t tHz, Entt.trd.
assaultan lan Weeklef scratch-buihcas e also in Trcyor's
coltection. (NB: This collection is for ssle thrcugh Diton

P8ip'H THE CI,.AY PITS

ORETON
KIDDERMINSTER.
woRcs
DY14 0T'W
trlF{ONE:O74 632 408
15m[ A.C.v. Figures
Frgures E) Tort! Bq.rton
READYREGIMENTS
EechR€adyRegimeorcomp.is 30 figures in asned pos
aivinA u authentic aod \ried app€amc€.
RRol Inintry in Cap4d Srt RRoTlrlrnEy in c:p md sho.t
C@rA&dcing ,&kcr StnfristridS
RRo2 Lfznry in cap md seck RR08 Lhnry in slouch Har
Cozt Stimishhg
RRol Inf:nrry in Capdd Sack nRO9 Infrnry h Slouch H.t

RR04 l.f:nryin Caprd Frmk R.Rro l.frnry in Slou.h H2r

Coz. dvmchE Mr.hinS
nRoS l.frn&y in C.p dd Frdt Xlll ZouaE Advmcirg
coat sldmishing RRl2 ZouaE SldmishinS
RR06 hfant yhCipmdShod
Jzclrer dvmcina
Plie 55.50 e.t! pls po.t & pzatirS.
r5* UK 30% Eurcped. 50% lnlem.ionzl
For Lrat lnfo,@don rg.rdlnS addtdoc to rhc tug€,
pl@ tcr.phonc or *nd. $.DFd .ddcsd @rcloF.

When replying to adverts please rrention Wargames Illustrated.

 7
VARGAIIIERULESFROMI'IG W.R.C.RULES& BOOES

TABLETOP
GAMES
53MANSF|ELq
RoAD,
DAYBRooK,
6rc@corn4dq+Lh)

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NGs6HR
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(DBM] DOGFIGIIT OVER
b! PhiI B@herandni.had.BodbJ 36tt FI,IINDERS
Wargu$ Rul4 for hcient aDdMedieval
Battld3000BCto1500AD !4.?5+P&P MikeToM & KevSnith

SIEGE NEvhonNew abld

Batd€softhe A.C.W.
Skimish Rutesfor AncieDt& Medieval GettYsbure !2.95
S€o;dBullRun !r e5
Ston4Riler t2.95
Nlpoleoric AnMY IISIE Alticta4 t2.1t5
for SOUNDOF TIfi GUNSItr ri6tBullRu !2.95
72 Amies fioh 31 Stalesby WilsoDCeL t2.95
CeddMoutair !2.95
ft€denckibus t2.95
t3.?5 fanoaks t29s
3d Editior ofou Napoleonicruls RIIIIS-
now indud6 19th Certuly Eeciion Wefue in tLeIndo5tial
bv Ri.h&d Butler Ace tit.5o
CI{ALLENCER 20fi) !:'.99 FTTANCO.PBUSSTAN
CompletarcvisedChallengertr Urifohs & O.getuatioD
rules for the Ulha'Modeh penod i5.m
bYBruc€R.a'Tavlor & Bob Comor REVO FI.AGS
KAISERBOSE 43.50 Full Colourtr'lass
Rul$ for crcud actioG iD WWI in 5, r5 & 25mmscales
by J.G. Staryon Send SAE for Lisl

IRREGULARMINIATTIRESLTD
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GUARDRlltlTlJ
TRIPTE
PAGKS
HAUE
TANDE
O N E S T A N D A R D A R !l Y
OSPREYFTEN
AT ARI4SBCNK

37.9 5' iffh'flin#il# oPAc

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nEno$ Yddk[{h, olfr RB t nds|naqtug|llhCturr uhrRoF|kt EilrrsiCierrr6tPa raf,dt napohoni.
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r5H}TARMIESUSING GI]AR.DROOII
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DONNINGTONI{INIAIURES !9 50inco&o(LJK)
No r andNo 2
A N C E N T o a c i a n - G aEl iaci y G s m a dE l r l s c n
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Amd.anCiviWd UiionConhd*ate N rr S e1r 90 0 . 1 5 mBmo r d s e t t550
srd:.23.95 + p&p Jumbo$5 95+ o&p. r5mnFivdSert535
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LMlTo Binmon iock kerle.hor b Monkpovi.o cowed
b Sinmonjocks mpreso el
b sinmonodvoncnd jock sorbl LMCI rtoronomoq once
LMl9 llolionapeomonovolshe d Llvlc2 Gothc ormourlonce
LM20 llolio. soeomon shieldlo fiont LMC3 C o u n n i e r s l m p e seot s m o r l s h l e d
lM2lo ftont-@nkp kemo. borblte' LMC4 Cols'inierGermonrc rershierd
LM2lb ftontronk p kemonkenle-hor' LMC5 Coustillie, op€n solet
lM22o 2nd 6nk pkem.n ceryeliere'
b 2.dro.k pkemo. open sollet.
LM23o 3rdjonk pikemon cerye ere' FORSES
b 3d{onk pikemqntubon'
LMH2 Armouredwithcoporison
CROSSOOWMEN LMll3 Chon onloncyrrome$
LM24oFrno btoondinebo/oule LMH4 Lonocolh lroooer
b Fr.d br6ond'ie ronhor LMHs Unoimoueddb. hohe$
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LM26oLoodng bngo.d.e bo,blre EAUPMENT
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10

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 11

ESSEX MINIATURES EsrABLrsHEDls

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R N L 1 3F o o t . o m m a n d swtssoR[AuaNwaRs MER51aAssGendamesUH
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rVlE837 Commandoack:Mtd.cenerat/ lvlER52aAss.GendarmesUH
lvlEBl3 Heavymounredhandqunners Noble.stanlardbearer.heratd
rVlE814Peavyarchersf,nns MER38Commandosck:Footcommand AH = Armourcd HoF.
M E A I 5H e a l a a r c h e r s p r e p a r i n g t o f r r e [ / t E 8 3 9A s s . h a n d s i i n n e r s Utl = UnarmouredHoe

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l4

CAMPAIGNRECRUITING
A Matrbr Gameof Recmtttngfor DBACampalgns
By Tim Price

Thisgameis intended{or that vital andmuchneglectedareaof AnACTION ARESULT And3 REASONSwHY

Wargames the recruitingdrive.This gamewill allowyou to
producea structureand backgroundfor a simplecarnpaign, w}len the argumentis made, the Umpire (or the other,
suchasoneusingthe DBA rules.Theserulesareideallysuited non-involved, players)assesses it. Normalargumentssucceed
dueto the smallnumberof basicelements thal makeup a DBA on a 4+ (1D6), but the Umpire may judgeon€ or trlo of the
army.Thisgameis intendedto be playedwith an Unpire. but reasons WEAK, in which case he mayrequirea 5+ (or evena
you can managewithout one, providingyou have4-5 players 6+ for very WEAK arguments). Conversely if an argumentis
whoareDr€Dared to be reasonable. STRONG the playermay only be requiredto roll3+ orevena
2+ (arguments alwatsfail on a l). The Umpirenav alsovelo
$upld argumenls.
GAMELAYOUT Example:
The gameis playedon a representative country,in thiscasea Tirant lo Blancwishesto marchquicklyto an areawherehe
map of France is used for convenience,divided up into knowsa fanous companyof horse-archers are basedlhat he
numberedregions.The nap itself shouldbe enlargedon a wantstorecruitto the cause.He arguesthus:
photocopierto at leastA3 or, if you canfind an Art Studioor ACTION: I am naking a FORCED MARCH rowards
Reprographic Centreequippedw;th one.you canenlargethe region42.
mapto A1 (full postersize)cheaply.usinga MIDAS Thennal RESULT: I SUCCEEDin makinggoodprogress.
PosterPrinter. The finishedarticleis a big fragite,and you I ain ableto dothis because:
cannotput hot objects(like coffeecups)on the therrnalpaper. REASON l: WEATHER, the weath€r is fa'r and in my
but it is very cheap(no morethan11.00).The resultingInapis favour'
largeenoughto be usedwith modelfiguresdirectlyon it. rather REASON2: PERSONALABILITY. I knowtheroutewell.
thancount€rsor somethinssimilar- REASON3: TERRAIN EFFECT. I have lisired the area
severaltimes before.

PLAYEROBJECTIVES TheUmpirewouldgranlthisat leasta 4+ tosuccced.

andmight
theplayerhascleverly
evengoaslow asa3+ because linkedtwo
Theplayersrepresent theRegionalPrinces orNobleLords.and of thc rcasonstogether(knowingthe routewell because he has
theirpersonalreiinues.The Kinghasdied.leaving no legirimare travellcdit before).
succe,sorLolhe rhrone.Erch plrler i' oul lo recruilas man)
{ollowersas he can for the inevitablestrugglefor power io
CAMPAIGN
RECRUITING A
STARTINGDISPOSITIONS
Recruitsshouldbe scattered atrandomacrossthecountry-The
numberofrecruitsis proportionedtothenumberofplayers,soi
forexamplewith 4 playersin a sinple DBA campaign,aseach
Army hasa maximumof 12elements. youmighthave48recruit
countersscatteredacrossthe map. There are a total of 87
regions.so nore playerscanbe cateredfor. To decideon the
placement ofthe pieces,sinply roll a percentagediceandplace
an elementon the resultingregion.If you roll over 87. roll
again.Itis perfectlypermissable to havemorethanoneelement
in a region.All elementsare the lowestquality of that type
available.
The initial playerdispositions are decidedin the sameway.
Remember,the €arnpaign seasonhasnot stanedyet. You are
only recruiting-the menwill haveto be trainedandequipped
beforeanyrealfightingcanstart,soit doesn'tmatterif you are
placedrighi nextto yourhatednval, youwon'tbefightinguntil
the recruitinsseasonhasfinished.

METHOD OF PLAY
Play is conductedin the Matrix Game format using the
accompanying playsheet,which should be copied for each
player,andprotectedwith clearplasticso asto usewaxpencih
penson it.
or water-soiuble
Each player gets ro make one argumentper tum. An
argumentconsistsof:
 15

THEMATRIX
The Matrix of Key wordsand conceptsis givenbelow lt has
MATRIX GAME PLAYSHEET
beenmodifiedespeciallyfor this game,but donl think it is The Malrix:
tben add
can'edin stone;if you canthink o{ betterconcePts.
themin.

NormalMarch ForcedMarch
TerrainEfi€ct HeallhEffect
Church Faith Recruit/Desert
Succeed Res/PrePare
PersonalAbiliiy Money Fear
Shane Hart wild card
Fatigue Supplies
SmallFormation LargeFormation Motivaiion
Morale Fail Artifact
Training Equiptnent Construction

OUTLINEOF TIIE GAME

On the faceofit. the gameis verysimple.The playersmoveto
an area,recruita follower,andthenmoveon. Eachtime they
roll a dice;succeeding,on average.50% ofthe time.Ifthiswere
all therewasto it, we shouldiunk the gameandsimplydiceto
seewhogetsthe largestforce-
Wherethe strengthof the gamelies, is in the totally free
formatfor the typeofargum€nt.A player,for example,could
arsuethathe RECRUITSmoreeasily,whichmeanshischance
oi.uc.""r ut this INCREASES,becauseof his FAITH, his
powe ul oratory(WORD) andthe supportof the CHURCH.
If he succeeds in his di€eroll the Umpire may allow him +1
everytime he makesa RECRUIT actionfor the rest of the
-
Another playercould arguesimilarly,but from a different
point of view:The secondplayerarguesthat he RECRUITS example:You don'l haveto argueto moveeveryturn - you
moreeasily,whichmeansthathissuccess atrhis1NCREASES, couldargue,for example,thai you aremovingfrom the South
becausehe hasofferedto pay his men (MONEY). will give of Franceto the North- ln eachturn you will move I region
thema hot mealeachday (SUPPLIES),anda niceuniformto (unlesssomeone arguessuccesstully that youdon't) You could
wear (EOUIPMENT) (or even a magnificentStandardto arguethat you RECRUIT followersas you passthrough(but
follow (ARTIFACT). You rnay think thal this argumenlis the Umpire might require a 5+ to succeedif you werc
srrongerthan an appealto their faith (in hatevergodsare FORCED MARCHING) so you don't have to make a
suitable),in whichcaseit mightbeaSTRONGargument. RECRUITING argumenteveryotherturn-)
A third player,seeingthe first two succeedat this, could
arguc that one of the player\ effons at RECRUITING,
DECREASEbecause (HEALTH EFFECT)he caughtthepox CHANGES IN THERULES
fron a se ing wench,rhe CHURCH denouncedhim as a
will, naturally,haveto keepa noteofthe changes
sinner.andWORD ofthisspreadfar andwide.Ifthis su€ceeds,The Umpire
but will to the rulesand the levelsof money.ability, recruitsetc, that
it will not only wipe out the first player'sadvantage,
probrblymeanlhalhewillbeoul toI somere!engel (As$ellar ea€hplayerhas.
proridingsome inlerestingbackground lor rhe following
campaign!)
Meanwhile,the fourthplayerhasrecruitedan extrafollower TREATIESANDCO-OPERATION
while the other threewere arguing,becauseeachplayeronly Theplayersare,of course,freeto join forcesandco-oPerate jn
gctson€argumentper turn. any way they like. They are aho free to lie, backstaband
You could arguethat the carefullyrecruitedfollowersof out-manoeuvre theothers.
anolherplayer.leavehim andjoin you. You might alsoargue
thatdisease killssomeoneelse'sfollowers(wasteful).You may
evenarguethat anotherplayerhasfallenoffhishorseandhun ENDINGTHE GAME
hisback,meaninghe cannotmove untilit is better.Itb Perfectly Play shouldcontinuefor two movesafter the last elementis
possibleto arguethat you wishto starttrainingearlyandrhat
the qualityof the elementsyou haverecruitedincreases. The
numberofpossibilities is onlylinired by yourownimagination. FINALFOINT
The Umpire has to exercisehis commonsense A single This mayall seemraiherstrangeanddifficultto graspat first-
argumentcanchangethe rulesby onelevel(lwo arguments, by
don't $orry, a Matrix Gane is harderto exPlainthan to play.
two levels- but neverto certainty).You cannotarguethat a Have a go - after a few arguments you will soonget into the
playerdies,but you can arguethat he cannotsupPlyhis men swingofthings.
because all hishorsesaresick.or sornething similar.Remenber
an argumentis in effect until another argument stoPsit. (For Justremember, theUmpire'sdecision is finall
l6

Romans!s. Gaub,photographedon Duke Seifried'svrargame tableinwbcon:in. "TheDuke" hasan immensecollection:

125,000frgurcsin 35 periob. Hisscrutch-buihterrainis sumptuow; hisrulesareexciting,with a snongrole-playelement.
The gameDuke puts on at Hbto can eachyear is vrargaming'sSuperbowl.More of Duke's troops in future issues.

ROUTORRETREAT? xiiiffff:tr:.:JJ
;,,:]t;:ifi,TtJ*
lii"^il$';:; exceptflver crossrngs.
andpursult
Rearguard The loser cannotinitiate combal unlessenemvforcesare
blockingexit from rhe tableor rhe gencrals elementh within
addltlonsforDBA 300paces.
Ifrhe generalelemenl ;slostor hasexitedthefield.e!ch move
ByEtlWhite
Itcostsl MP to strikecamp.iflbe campiscapturedduringthe
banlcor pursuitthc bserssuffera I to combarrhrowsfor the
INTRODUCTION ncxt wcck of the campaignor the lossof 2 elenenrsin 12
throughwastage anddesertion.
It is interestinglo note the number of bafiles which are Troops exiting by their own bas€lineare imrnediately
described ashardfought.but whichrepoflfar. fargrcaterlosses availablelo the loser.Thoseleavingbya sidediceal thestartof
bythelosingside.Thereasonwasofienthatrhclast majorityof eachcampaign dayandreturnto the armyon thcscoreof5or6.
lossesoccuredas the losertried to extricarchimselffrom the Thoseleavingby the enem)baselinedice.cavalrl,arecaptured
field. An efficientpursuitof a beatenenemt or a steadfast on a throw of L or 2. foot on a throw of 1.2or 3. Troopswho
rearguardactioncould drasticallyaffect r campaign(as the escape caprurcdiceto returnto the armyasabove.
Prussians and Frenchshoweddurirg the Waterloocampaign). Ifthe losingsidehasll fortificationasa camp.troopsleaving
Prevenlinga rerred rurninginto a roul lvasa selerercsrof the field \'ia their own basclinecan chooseto enler the
generalship. forlification.which may then be besieged.lf any of the field
Il is rarero achicvethe batllefieldsituarionwhereonc5idcis armycboosc not toenterthefortifications.
suppliesforrharpart
lrving to retrcatto safetf Nith corvenrionalrules.Thc DBA ofthe armymusrbc scntout from thefonificational rhecosr
of
ancient ruleshowcvcr. canbeguaranteed togiveadecision
ro,l .l MP or lhe arnywillsuffer thesamepenaltiesasfor a capiured
gamewilhin l-2 hours.thisleavesplentyof time to pl.ryour rhe
game1o its conclusions. i.e. the escapeor desrructionof rhe lf the winningside\ lossesreachl/3 of their forcesor they
losetheirgencralduringthepursuil.the pursuitis calledoffand
the loser'sforcesallowcdlo escape.
ADDITIONALRULES
Once one side achic\'csthc normal victory conditionsplay
conrinuesunt il the loser exitsall troopsor nightfalls.Nh'chever
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l8

CANNONSAND
COTUN'INS
NapoleonlcD.B-A.
By Mark Emms
INTRODUCTION 4. Sequenc€ ofplay- asfor DBA.
5. TacticalMoves- includethe following:
HavingplayedDBA ancientandmedievalwarganesfor some 1) Only skirmishersor irregularscanmovethrou-sha gap
tirnewith greatenjoyment- the rulesgavethe hobbya sholin
the armit badlyneeded- ny thoughtsturnedto how the game 2) Cavalrycannotattackor move into coveror fortifica-
systemcouldbe usedfor otherperiods.Havingbeenpippedto
the posl for Renaissance(seeWl6l). the next obviouschoice
3) Gunscannotmoveoffroadin badgoing.orentcrcoveror
wasNapoleonic.Although the styleof warfareis completely
different,the mechanisms do seemto work, althoughseveral 4) Ageneral'smovedoesnol neednp s-
morespecificrulesarerequiredto bringout the trueflavourof 5) A unit cannotcontactan cnemyllank or rear unlessit
the Napoleonicperiod.But like the originalDBA, I haveried sranedthe movebehindan imaginarylineexrendingthat
to end up with simple rules giving a fast enjoyableand edgeof theenemy'sbase.
acceptably realisticgameusingcomparatively fewfiguresanda 6) Infantryandgunscannotmoveto conlactcavalryrhal is
smallboard. not itselfalreadyin contact.Cavalrycanmoveioconiact

7) A unit is rn co,rrddifth€front edgcofits baseistouching

TROOPTYPESANDBASING anybaseedgeofan cnemyunit,
I usea 30mmfrontagefor my elenentsas I usedto usewRG
rulesforth'speriodandwastoo lazytochangethemall! 8. Moyementrates:
TroopType Desc.iption D€pth No.Iigs. Ifin goodgoingor roadand:
Conscripts* Poorlytrainedor Ceneral. hor.egun.lighr cJvrlryor Co.'acks5'
motivatedInfantry 15mrn I HeavyCavalryor lancers4"
Trained- Bulk of regularinfantry 15mm 4 Battle column. field guns. Skirmishcrsor irregularsin all
Elite' Vet€ranor highstatus terrain. cuirassiers3"
infantry 15nm 4 Ofier infantrl. anyin badgoing2"
SkirmishersDeployedonitsoflight Crossingriversl
infantry 2llnm 2S +1" to road movefor eachunusedmp if generalwith unit or
Irregulars Untraincddisorganised group_
rabble 20mm 3 9. Rive.C.ossing
Cossacks Any irregularcavalry 25mm 2 Asfor DBA. Artillcrr-canonlycrossby ford or bridge.
Artillery All field andhorseguns 30mm Gun+ 10. Infantrr Formatioos - ne$ section
Cretr a) BaflleColumn
L!- Cavalry Hussars.Lt. Dragoonserc 25mm 3 Two closeorderinfantrf' elementson a singleunit front
Hvy. Cavalry Dragoons,Horse facinSthe samedirectionform battle column.This is
Grenadiers etc 25mm J treatedas a singleelement3cm widex3cm deep. A
Cuirassiers Allarmouredcavalry 25mn 3 columncan form to or from line and move 2'(using
Lancers Alllance armedcavalry 25mm 3 touchingunits)asa tacticalnove. but cannotso form if
*Closeorderinfantry any unit is in contactor overlapping.Skirmishers can
Ceneral.are bared'ingl) loaccompan) an) elemenr. supporta columnby beingbehindthe column.louching
cornerrocornerdndfacrng rhesamedirecrion.
ARMYCOMPOSITION b) BattleLine
Anysinglecloseorderinfantryunit. oranyarrayedside
Armiescomprise24points.withelementscostingasfollows: by side.If a unit touchingrear of a line unir cornerto
Conscript,Skirmishers, Irr€gulars,Cossacks lpt. corneriscloseorderinfantry,thiscountsasa column-
Cu'rassiers,holseguns.Elite infanlry3pt. 11. Unsteadiness - nelvsection
Allothe.types 2pt. Any closeord€rinfantry.not in a Briiish army.who arenot in
Generalsarefree . cover.fortificationor columnare unsteadyifthey areshooting
Elitecavalry +lpt. at. overlappingor are in contactwith orcontactedby. a French
An armymustcontainat leastI infantry,cavalryandartillery battle column. Unsteadyinfantry cant be supportedby
unit- I skirmishelementis allowedper 3 c/orderinfantryunits. skirmishersorcount asov€rlappingin combat.Ifthey areaid'n-q
Totalvalue ofall3ptunitsmusrnotexceed l2pts-Armiesmusr a friendfiring. the first I factorwon l apply.ie I unit won t
reflectthe compositionoftheir historicalcounterparts. counlat all.2 unitsgiveonly I etc.
12. Interpretation
THERULES Sknmisherscan move throughor be movedthroughby any
Thesearedealtwithseciionby sectionasin theDBA book.and friends.infantryor cavalrycanrecoilthroughfriendlyguns-
are to be used 'n conjunctionwith this. Some rules are 13. DistantShooting
unchanged, othersarecompletelyneworincludedto clarifythe a) Artiueryshoots10".all infantry2".
originals. b) All gunsfire in their owner'sshootingphasewiih their
1. Terrain asforDBA. othertroops.Fieldgunscan\ shoorifthey aremovedor
2. Camps therearenocamps. turnedover90degrees thisgo. horsegunscan.
3. Deploym€nt asfor DBA. c) Canshoot.oraid a friendshooting.iftarget is in range,
 19
in the fire zone,neitherfirer nor targetarein contacror Raventhorpe Mlnlatrrres
overlapping.no friendsconlactthe front of the firer's 2 Bytot la!., Ctclry B-rdo!, B.cerl.y, Eub.rrtd.
base.no unit is even partly betweenthe firer's and Tcl 0954551027
targett bases.Unitscannotshootif overI basedepthin Fla. 30, da brd dld
woods,or bothfirer andtargetarein woods.
d) Up to 3 friendscanaid a unit shooting.a unit canshoot 65pMglgFedalrehEch]tal,6dY
onlyonceina nove. 65pMEx20Fed5,]efuding'dng
E4h&Mfuntdifugpi3d 6'eMEalFedd].{Jh4fu.dblrid
e) lgnoreall shootingoutcomcmovesif the targ€tdidnl 6tu Mru F.d.de beg tu battnlr
ft€ back, if aiding a unit shooting.if in cover or
MEvP€*dvilge.dbaPrel 65p
fortification. U#bsluMnldFdE MEa6FeddareTeFmoun|.d65p
s@6lehd3M&hdets4of430D'
lJ. CloseCombat - d\ lor DB A andincluding -
a) Represen$not only handlo-hand fighting but also
shootingby gunsand infantryat very closerangeuntil W15Pcass'sbldn'gbeg
one siderecoilsor breaks.(In rcal life bayonetsrarely Md16F€dcdi@tHdesMc d'Pslf+2)9o$s@ryfuM

b) Units in cover or fortificationcannotoverlapor be

SKIRMISHERS- destroyedby h cav.cossacks or lancerselse
c) Ignoreall outcomemovesif overlapping. contactingto recoil-lgnoreoutcomefrom shooting.
flank or rear. if 6lite or trained infantry contacred/ CLOSEORDER INF - destroyedif unsready. contactedby
overlappedin goodgoingby cavalryonly. cavAND c/orderinf, in bad going,leadunit of a columnthat
d) In additionto the rulesforturningto face.includethese contacted,or wascontactedby, a stcadyc/orderline this go.
lf morethan2 unitsarecontacted in thefiank,theftst The other unit in the colurnn and any support flees 3"
2 able1o turn will do so. If the attackingunit is then immediately.
oppositea join in 2enemyunits.itwill adjustto contact Otherwisethe unit recoils.
the onefa€ingit, othenvisetheoneit overlapsthemost. SkirmGhers are destroyedif the unii they are supportingis
e) + 1 in combatif anyunit in contactor overlapping hasa
skirmishunit directlybehindit facingthe sarnedirec-
tion. andnot againstcavalry.coveror fortification. If scoredhalf or lessthan eneny
f) TACTICALFACTORS vsfoot vsmtd The unit is destroyedunlessskirmishers,who recoil from
Cunassiers +3 +4 shootingor flee 3" from contactwith c/orderinf or guns.Both
Lancers.heavycavalry, guns +3 +3 unitsina columnaredestroyed.
Light Cavalry +3 +2 17. Losingthegame
Skirmishers, irregular.cossack +2 +2 Firstsidethatloses8 ptsandmorepointsthanenemyat theend
Conscript +2 +3
Trained +4 +4 18.Recoiling - includethe following:
Elite +5 +5 Friends are pushed backif a rear cornerof the recoileisbase
louchesthefront ofthe friend'sbasefirst. Cannotpushbackor
+ 1Elite cavvsothermtd: cavuphillofcavtgen€ralwith movethroughunitsin coveror fortificaton.
unil; defendingariver. bridgeorford. 19. Followingup
+2lnfantry contactedin cover. British cavalry,irregulars.cossacks.French battle column,
+4 Coniactedin fortification. follow up if not contacting,overlapping.or would moveinto
l Each unit aiding shooringenemyi each enemy cover,fortificationor badgoing.
overlapping or conlactingflank or rear.
2 Any but irregularsor skirmishers andin, or cavalry And thafs itl It wouldbe tediousto explainall points,but I
would liketo mentionseveral. (l alwaysthink it wouldb€ nice'f
contactingenemywhoarein. badboing.
2 Unit is unsteadyc/orderinf shootingfrom coveror rule wrirers included the old explanaton.)
fortifications.or at troopsin woodsorcavalry. 1- Infantryshootingat cavalryareassumed to be in squareor
Badgoing- woods,soflground,steephills.rivers ready to form it, so reducing their firepower.
Cover- smallbuildings,wallsor barricades. 2. Infantryandgunsdon't moveinto contactwith cavalryin
-
Forlincation largebuildingsorearlhworks. the openwho arenot otherwiseengagedl
Sections ofcover or fortificationare largeenoughto hold one 3. Frenchcolumnsareeffectivebecause only Britishtroops
elementlbr convenience. could facethem steadily and so counlera€l them. Any columnis
15. Risklo theGeneral at risk from steady infantry.
lfthe generaliswith a unit thatfleesorisdestroyed. heislostif6 I will begladto answeranyquestions orcriticismsthrough tbe
is rolledon id6. Otherwisehe evadesall contactandcani be

16. OutcomeMov€s ARMIESFORT8I3

SUGGESTED
Reactto mostdangerous in contact.not toov€rlaps. L Frenchlxfield gun,2xeliteinf, lxlt cav, lxhvy cav,
If scor€dleisthan€nemy,but overhalf: 2xskirmishers.I 0xconscripts.
unlesr''aledolher\i.e
AII recoilfrom.hooring 2. Russian/P.ussian4xconscript (landwehr). 2xtrained,
LT CAV dest.oyedbycuirassiers. in badgoing.elserecoil. 1x6eldgun,lxhvy cav(Prussians), 4xtrained,lxskirmish,
HORSECUNS destroyed by cossacksor lt cav.elserecoil. (Russian).
lxcuirassier
FIELD GUNS-destroyedby anycavincontact.elserecoil.
HVY CAV-destroyedin badgoing,elserecoil.
LANCERS destroyed in badgoing,elserecoil.
bycuirassiers.
CUIRASSIERS destroyed in badsoins,elserecoil.
IRREGULARS destroyed byanycavin contact.elserecoil.
 21

ONCASUALTIES,THE..WIDERCONTEIff"
AIID THEINCREESING
IETIIALITY OF
WARGAMES MAGAZINEARTICTES
By ChrisPeers
The real enemyof thoseof us who try to popularisehistory, the advance.Despile the undoubteddamagedone by the
especiallyinits remoterreaches. is not controversy,but apathy. Englisharchery,the battlewasfinallydecidedby hand-strokes
ThereforeI wasdelightedto seethat my brief rema*s in "A betweenmen-at-arms.a fact which the day's mosl famous
HistoricalPerspective on CasualtyRernoval"(wI57) (on which anecdote,about the Prince of wales "winning his spud',
incidentallyI havereceivedmorefavourablecommentthanon reflects.Cr€cy is in Iact a good examplein favour of my
anythingelseI haveeverwritten, thoughperhapsthat is not argumentabouiloserssufferingdisproportionate casualtiesan
sayingmuch)had attracteda responsefrom none other than unforgettable disasterfor theFrencharistocracy. with allegedly
Guy Halsall, whoserecent serieson the FranksI so much 4000knightskilled. That the archerscontributedto this by
admired.("Casualties, Historyandthe Benefitsofwar", WI64 unhoning,disorderingand demoralising the enemyis undeni-
and65).My disappointmentwith the secondpartofhisreply,of able, but that they actually killed many is probably an
which more later, has sincetemperedmy enthusiasm some- assumption basedon nodern experiences offirepower.Frois-
whal,but havingtriedto coverthewholeofre€ordedhistoryin sart'sverdict was that the archersgave the victors a great
two anda halfpagesI am awarethatthe viewsof a specialist in advantage, andmay evenhavedecidedthe batde,but thisis a
areasofwhich I know little arenot to be dismissed lighdy.So, long way from sayingthat they did so by actuallykilling
beforeI look atsomeofhisspecificpoints, my thanksto Guyfor h€avily-armour€d knightsfrom a distance.
hiscontribution. ln downgradingthe significanceof the introductionof
I do not suDDose that our Editor will want too much ink gunpowder Guy seemsto be ignoringtheopinionsof thosewith
spilledon all thii, so il will sufficeto saythat exceptions to any experience of both gunsand earliermissileweapons.why did
general rule about the cause and ratio of casualtiesin peoplelike Ceflantesand Bayardmakesucha fussaboutthe
pre-gunpowder battleare only to be expected.Casessuchas abilityof arquebusiers to kill gentlemenunlessthiswasa new
Sphacteriaand Thermopylaeonly show that ex€eptionally Dhenomenon in the sixteenthcenturv?We do not haveto take
determinedarmies,in hopeless tacticalsituations,arelikely to Macchiavelli's statisticsliterallyto acceptthat a€tuallydyingin
sufferheavylosses whateverweapons areusedagainstthem- a battlewasa fairly rareeventfora medievalknightunless.asat
largeflumberof Corinthianhopliteswere stonedto deathin Crecyand Agincourt,he found himselfat a serioustactical
457BC when Athenian light troops trapped them in an disadvantage first. Anotherexampleofthe greaterlethalityof
enclosure.ln all cases,from a wargamespoint of view the evenquite pimitive gunpowderweaponscomesfrom Nonh
victimshadalreadybeendecisively outmanoeuvred, sothatwe America,whereseventeenth-century observers described Indi-
are ju,ufied in regarding their lo.ses once again as a an warfareas almost bloodless;Parker Gee Notes below)
consequence andnot a causeoldefeat.Herewe maynotethat quotesoneEnglishman assayingthat the Naffagansett "might
GuycitesHerodotusinhissuppo(,whilefurtheron dismissing fight sevenyearsandnot kill sevenmen". Soon,however,the
him as"hardlya reliablesource".In factthe detailfor whichI lndiansbeganto import Europeanmusketsand unleashed on
an criticisedfor relyingon him-the 91deadSpanansat Plaiaea eachotheran orgyof daughterwhichspreadacrossthe entire
is preciselythe sort of thing whichhe andhis sourceswould continentas ribes settledold scoreswith the new weapons.
haveregarded asworthgettingright.Hemay evenhaveknown Fo(unately,it is impossible tocomeby detailedinformationon
theirnames,ashe did with the 300atThermopylae. or at least therelativeeffectsofbeing hit by anarrow,whichunless;thitsa
havespokento menwho did. IfHerodotusis not a historianin vitalorsanor a majorblood-vessel is likelyto makea cleanand
themodemsenseI feelthatevenlessreliancecanbeplacedona circumscbed wound, and a hallinch diameterpieceof soft
massofunfoundedspeculation baseduponhim. Thatthehelots lead which will spread out and "tumble" through flesh,
werecloseenoughto the enemy,or regardedas a sufficiently shattering boneasit goes,not to mentionroundshotwhichcan
worihwhiletarget, to have been shol at to any $eat extent cut off wholelimbs.but while we cannoteouatenumben hit
seems doubtful,andasfor thenotionalwounded,alrowwounds with numberskilledorseriouslywoundedin thepre-gunpowder
whichwerenot immediately disabiingandultimatelyfatalwere era,il seemscertainthat technical"progress"madea very big
probablynot enoughto put a manout of action-The Spartans difference to survivalratesin morerecenttime!.
mayhavegoneinto actionbristlingwith arrowsin theirshields Wlen we tum to hand-to-hand combat,againwe haveto
and armourlike nedieval Crusaders,but I seeno reasonto acknowledge a numberof exceptionsto my generalisations.
rejectmy€ontentionthat the lethalityofarcherywasgenerally Guy haspointedout a few ofthesefrom the medievalperiod,
very low. Again there are exceptionsto this. when large andI am surprisedthat no'onehascomeup with othersfrom,
numbersof verygoodarchersencountered a vulnerable enemy, for example,the early periodof the Italian Wars.Elite units
bul the effe€lsevenof the Engl'shlongbowmen ofthe Middle suchasbodyguards sometimes did fight "to the lastman"(since
Agescanb€ exaggerat€d. At Cr6cywemightnotethat mostof poetryis now an acceptable source,dareI cite the "Battle of
the Genoese crossbowmen survivedthe tremendous barrageof Maldon ?) As a generalrule,however,othertacticalcircumst-
arrowswhich renderedthem useless: Froissartrdescribes the anceshave to be drasticallyweightedagainstthese units,
Frenchking'sorderto kill thembecause theywereobstructing otherwisethey wouldnot be defeatedat all. Thereare many

Photos opposite: John Tucke! has been a bright star in the galaxy of demo-gamen on the shot / circuit thesepast fev' years,
often claiming 'Best of Show' awards, and travelling more niles per year to attend wargameseventsthan anyone not in the
trade. Here are shots of oro gamesstagedby John and friends at Paftizan in Newark: the AWI battle of Monmouth, 1778,
t,,ith the British Guads and genadiers adwncing to assauhGrcen's Division, washinqton in the centre, on the rcad; and
the ACW battle of Second Bull Run, h'ith Hooker's Diyision nearest the cameru.
"** arr**" t *r,tely smallforces,aslong asthey keep elements aretakenoffatonce,but hereth€feis no intentionto
their order and avoid pani€kingot becomingoutflanked, represent actualdeador wounded,a "dead elemenlbeingone
survivingandemergingvictoriousagainstenormousodds.The whichis routed,hopelessly disorderedor otherwiseno longer
Spartans at Thermopylae. who werenot dislodged or apparent' effective in combat for any reason. I therefore accept
ly significafltlyweakened by repealedfrontalassaults, canserve unreservedly Guy'srernarksaboutgoingovercompletely to an
us againas an example;anotherfrom the sameera might be elementssystem,althoughwRG 7th Editiondoeswork fairly
xenophon'sTen Thousand.This is not to suggeslthat the wellon a countingheadsbasiswithoutactualcasualt!' removal.
meansto inflict casualties was irrelevantto the outcomeof a To me the mostseriousargumentagainstcasualtyremovalin
pre-gunpowder battle.Thatwouldbe absurd,but asa guideto wareames rule\ i. the spuriousair ot precision ir gireslo
wargamingmechanisms I believethat the overall tendency calculations. Even if we acceptthat the casualties in, say, a
holdsgood.Whileultimatelyacceptingthis, Guy Halsalltriesto Saxonshieldwallbattleare likelyto be significant, if we cannot
dismiss it by claimingthatthe discrepancy whichw€ havenoted sayexactlywhat they shouldbe thereis no point in puttinga
betweenthelossesofwinners andlosersin ancientandmedievalnunericalvalueon ahem.It is true that moremodemwarfare
battlesalsoholdsgood foi later pedods.The casehe cites- seemsdifferentpartlybecause we havebettersowces,bul this
OperationBarbarossa in 1941- is an interestingone, andthe alsomeansthatwe havea betterbasisforcasualtycalculations
debateis srillgoingon aboutwheth€ror not Germanattritional andneednot misleadthe usersofthe rulesinto lhinkingthaiwe
lossesup to mid-Augustwouldhavepreventedan advanceon knowmorethanwe do.
Moscowif Hitler had orderedit. Lessdoubtfulmight be the Like any generalisation, my article was in need of some
recentexperience of the Culf war, in whichAllied casualties discussion to point out flawsandtestthe arguments, and I am
wouldcertainlynot haveprevenred thetakingofBaghdad hadit gratetulto Guy Halsallfor helpingto do this. eventhoughI
beenthoughtdesirable polit;cally.but lhesearefar from being remainless$an totallyconvinced by hisattemptsatdemolition.
typicalofmodernbattles.In North-WestEuropein 194445the Thatwaswhy I wasdisappointed to seethat the secondpart of
victoriousAlliessufferedaboutasmanydeadandwoundedas hisanicle(WI65)wasmoreDolemicthan rcasoned debate.His
the defeatedGermans,discountingthe huge numbersof first point aboutthe attritionaleffectsofdiseaseon armjesjs a
prisoners lakrn dr lhe end . *hile if rhe Ru\.iancampaign ir validone.althoughhe is wrongto implythat I hadignoredit. I
taken as a wbole the nine million or so Soviet war dead did mentionthe inportanceof diseasein the early modern
outnumberedthe losseslhey inflictedon the losersby about period,but wasofcoune mainlyconcerned with eventson the
three to one. Going a little further back, we find Guy's actualbaxlefield.In lact diseasewasmuchlesssignificantin
argumenton this point underrnined by his own examples St. most periodsof ancient and medievalhistory, mainly one
Privat.whichthe Prussians won despiretheir heavylosses. and suspectsbecausethe great global epidemicsreleasedby
Balaklava.where the Light Brigade (on $e winning side) long-distance lrade were still in the fulure. and relatively
sufferedlwo-lhirdscasualties. The ancienldisparityin casual- isolatedpopulations quicklydeveloped a highlevelofimmunity
tiesissimplynot foundin thegrealnaj ority of modernbattles, to frequentlyencounteredinf€ctions.The whole subjectis
andwhereir is.asin Russian1941orinthe Gulf, it is not a r€sult fascinalingbut very complicatedr;it is hard to dispute,
ofvictoryor defeatbut of established organisational. tacticalor ho$ever.that conqucrorslike Alexanderwould never have
technological differences. donewhat they did if they had 1ocontendwith the epidemics
Guy s point aboutmele€casuallies leadingto a shrinkingof whichfollowedmost Europeanarmiesbetweenthe sixteenth
unit frontagera$erthan beingfilledin fromlhe backis another andnineteenthcenturies. TheexampleI quotedin my previous
goodone. altough we mighrwonderwhat the purposeof the articleof the beginningof rbe war in the Netherlands in 1572,
deepformat'onswhichwereso commonup until the introduc' whichhadsurpri'ingl) lillleelfecron thedeathraLe. rnrereran
tion o{ efficientfirearmswas.ifnot to replacethe fronl ranks. Spanishunits.holdsgoodfor diseaseanddesertionas well as
His remarkson socialfactorsare no doubt a productof his battlefieldcas alties.andillustratesthal goodtroopswouldbe
cxtensivenedievalresearches, but hardly universallyapplic relatively immuneto alltypesof losses. On armdesd6lite.we
able.Do we haveany evidencethat a Romanlegionaryor a haveto rememberthai Alexanderleft garrisonsall over the
Macedonian pikemanwasregardedastoo lowborn to fightjust place.andthat mostof hishigh-ranking officcrs.dcspitebeing
because he happened to be a coupleof ranksback?That nen severaldmesexposed in combat.survivednotonlythemarchto
bunchunderfire or becomemorevulnerablewhendisordered India and back but years of subsequentiighting among
by trippingover deadcomradesI do not doubt. but I do not $emselves-In mod€rn time, akhough individual veterans
think that in our wargames we needto differenliatebetween obviouslysurvive,wholeveteranunitsarerarer.andthosethat
theseandolhercauses ofdisordernotattributableto casuakies. doexisttendrobeexhausled ratherthanexceptionally efficient.
suchassimplepanic.whichcouldproducethe t€arless battles" I shouldalsoaddto thisDointthat.forsomeonewhoaccuses me
farniliario the Greeks.ln any case,ev€ryworkablesystemof of ignoringthe 'wider contexf of warfare. Guy Halsalls own
casuahy removalin gamesthatI haveseeninvolvesthetakingof perspectiveis fairly narrol. For example.in his founh
figuresfrom the rear ranks;it still doesnot simulatelocalised paragraph,the remarks about the decline in conceptsof
penetration ofopposingranksby srnallgroups,whichis usually "chivalry,individualhonour,heroisrnandsoon areapplicable
dealtwithunderthe generalheadingof 'Disorder". only (and then only rather generally)lo Europe. ln China
Whenwe are trying to designa playablegamewe haveto pre-gunpowder warfarehadsincethe fourlh cenluryBC gone
resistthetemptationto Iegislate foreveryconceivable circumst- hand-in-hand with the sortof bureaucratically-controlled mass
'
anceandconcentmteon the overall'\hape of a battlein our annies which he associates with our "horse-and'musket
chosenperiod.I makeno apologyfor doingthis. especially in period,andyet despilehavingknowledgeof gunpowdersince
the contextofa pre-gunpowder periodwhichmostrule'writers the tenth centuryAD, the Chinesedid not producemassed
attemptto coverin a singleset.Whetherornotthisisdesnable forcesof musketeers. That had to wait until the Europeans.
is debakble,bur the sameissuein whichthe fifit pan of Guy\ drivenby the peculiarintensityoftheirwarfare,haddeveloped
article appearedcontaineda solutionto many of my rules the necessarytechnology.Social and political faclors are
problemsin the form of Phil Barker'spieceon DBM and its certainlyimportant.bui in thiscasewe areperhapsrighl to look
relalives ( Progen! of DBA . wl64).lr mighr.urprise (omelo first at the technologyrather than simplifytoo much in the
find that havingarguedagainstcasualtyremovalin the ancient oppositedirection.
period I am preparedto accepta systemin which whole Beyondthis poini it becornes difficuh to arguewith Cuy's
views.I did not mention"racialpurity", and objectto being
identifiedwith suchnonsense. What I touchedon in my rather
brief closingremarkswasnot SocialDarwinismbut Biolgical WORLD WARGAMES
Darwiflism the conceptthatsomesortof naturalselectioncan
work on humansas well as on other species.That is hardly CHAMPIONSHIPST993
controversial scientifically
nowadays. let alonepolitically,even
ifthis magazine weretheplacefor sucha discussion- It wouldbe
impossible to find specificcasesof ancientsocieties whichhad
been"improved"throughwarina Darwiniansense,andiftherc
wereanyI doubtthat we wouldfind themmuchfun to live in,
but for a varietyofreasonstherewasa time whensocieties and WORLD'SPREMIERWARGAMING EVENT
arni€s which fought a lot becameprogressivelybetter at
fighting-theEuropean "military revolution"of thesixteenthlo To b€ heldat the Ass€mblyR@ns, Derby
just S urdly 9lh ed Surdry l0rh October1993
eighteenthcentudeswhichwe have discussed is a casein
point. I cannot, incidentally,think what societiesGuy is THE FOLLOWINGPERIODSWILL BE FOUGHT
refeningto whenhe $rites of the populationbeingdrasti€ally 25mm row.R.G.6rhEditionRuts
reducedby *arfare. This hashappened in casesof oveNhelm' ls'm lo W.R.G.?th Editiotr Rules
RENAISSANCE 25mm ro W.R.C. l420J700Rul6
ing extemalinvasions, aswith the nativepeoplesof America,
but in suchsituations thewarlikepeoplestendto copebest.The
mostnumerous Indiantribestodayarepeoplelike the Dakota, CLOSINGDATE FOR ALL ENTRIES- l3th of APRIL
Navajoand Yanomami,while of the peacetulinhabitantsof ful detailsreg{ding &ny Lists, PhJ Ors dd v€nuewill be
pre-invasion Califomianonehavesurvived.Or look at Tibet, snt when enlry i! received.
whichwith an estimatedsevenniuion peoplein the eighthand ENTRYFEE tl5.00 perleamoflhree
ninthcenturies wasoneofthe mostpowerfulandwarlikestates 15.00 per indilidualenries
in Asia. By the beginningof thiscentury,afterBuddhismhad Please makeChequeslP. O.\ payable1o:
broughtnot only pacifismbut a numb€rof very strangesocial D€rbi WargDes Asssiatd
institutions,itspopulationwasdown1ohalfthat.As for slavery, Entrie to: Mr John Grant, 29 wade Ave.ue, Litll@v€r,
I will concede that thejury isstill out on the supposed benefi.s, Ih.by DE36BG.
but onceyou havegot ar e€onomybasedon it, asmanyof the DON'TDELAYSENDYOUREMRYTODAY
anciefltshad,you are betteroff at leastin the shortierm with
moreratherthanfewerslaves.To take the PersianWan asan meantfewerseriouslytraumatised individuals.not to mention
exampleyet again,the Greekscouldhardlyhavewon without fewer poetsin the
trenchesin the first place).This is simply
the expanded Athenianfleet,paidfor by silverftomthe mines taking rational
a look at the socialphenomenon whichis our
of Launonwhichwere$orkedb) slaver.Il youarerunninga
collectivememory of the First World War - part of the "wider
wargames campaign, whichwasafterall thecontextinwhichmy context"whichGuy accuses othen of failingto grasp.
remarksweremade,you woulddo well to givethe Athenians And, lastandin thiscasedefinitelyleast, fantasy.Enoughhas
the short-termbenefitratherthanencourage thernto ernanci- beensa;don thisinthepast,but amlto understand tharthetime
pate the slaves,introducean incometax (and double-entry
I devoteto readinghistory Gone of it ev€n'terious"l) and
bookkeeping!) andpaythe minersa wage.For the point about trying to appreciatethe reality behindmy litde
toy soldiers
firearmsandslaveryI refer the readerto Parker,pp118'1214. mightaswellbespenire-readingTolkien? Not all of ushavethe
The AJrican slaveswere not generallytaken directly by lime or oppoiunity to
undertakeseriousacademicrcsearch,
Europ€ans, andcertainlynotby Europeanregulararmieswith butto call workofmanyofthe
the contributors to thewargames
massedfirepower,but by other Africans. I just hope that press "lightweightpseudo-history"
and equa.e it with the
no-onewhomayhaveseenWI65but missedmy originalarticle ramblingsof
the Hobbit brigadeis snobberyofthe worstsort.
will supposethat I am advocatingslave,raidingor the Evenaneclectic
selection fromahandfulofsecondarysourcesis
militarisationof societynowadays. All I wasreallysuggesting surelymoreworthyof the nameof "research"thar something
wasthat campaignumpirestry to think in the contextof their derivedinevitably
from one singlework of fiction, however
period and not as though the ancientssharedour values.
enjoyableto read-PersonallyI enjoy the occasionalbrowse
Unfortunatelynot evensomeofthe mosteminentscholarsare throughsubjectsI may neverhavehad the time to investigate
unaffectedby wishtulthinkingaboutth€ past,and thereis a formyself.Better
still, Iet\ havesomeorigiral, scholarlywork
schoolofthoughtwhichwouldliketo arguethatwarfareandthe by thosewho are in position
a to do it, ratherthan haveto
exploitationof othersocietiesare temporaryand fairly recent witnessthe unhappyspectacle
of them flounderingwhenthey
aberrationsin humanhistory. Thatthisismotivatedby thevery venture outside their chosenperiods. I Iook
forrvard to Guy
bestof intentionsmakesno differenceto the fact that it is Halsall'sarticleon the mythicalberserker!
completely wtong.
Finally,sidestepping theberserkerhsuewith theobseflation
that thi(eenth-centurysaga-writers,like First World War NOTES
poets,maywellknowsomethingthat is not apparentfrom more 1. J. Froissart.Crronicles.trans.J. Jolliffe.lrndon 1967.
sobersources,Iwill maketwo moreverybriefpoints.The first 2. Relativecasualties are dis€ussed in J. Ellis, Btute Force-
is on theFirstWorldWar,whichI acceptwasa veryunpleasant AUied Stateqy and Tacticsin the SecondWo d War, Andre
busioessand brought no benefitsto any of the societies Deutsch,London,1990.
involved.Butlcannotagreethatith "offensive"io suggest that 3. I am not qualifiedto de€ideon this, but W.H. McNeill,
it wasnot necessarily worsefor the menat the ftont thanmany Plaguesand Peoples,PenguinBooks, 1979,has sone very
otherwars.Whereit differedfrom the SecondWo dWar, for interesting informationandtheories.
example,was largely in the fact that better psychological 4. G. Parket, The Military Revolurio,?,CambridgeUniversity
screening andthe greatermanpowerneedsof supponunitsin Press,1988.
the later conflictmeantrhat fewer men who were unusually 5. This is basicallythe argumentput foruard in J. Eltis, Zre
vulnerableto combatstressendedup in the infantry. That SharyEnd of war,Da\id andCharles,London,1980.
21

DAIIOMEY1892
(Teenage
ArnazonWomentn theJun$e)
By TimPrice
SETTINGUP
The game is intendedto be playedbetweentwo teamsof
players.from I to 3 per side;with an Urnpire.The playersare
eachgiven their briefings,a copy of the background,given
below,andan enlargement ofthe mapiwhilethe Umpirehasa
smallercopy, protectedby a clear plasticcover, and runs
betweenthe two teamsmarkingtheirmovements ontohismap
withawater'basedpenorwaxpencil. Thebattlescanbefought
usingminiatures,or by usingthe S.C.R.U.D. baitle sysrem.
After the game,the actionsofthe teamscanbe compared with
whatactuallvhaDDened in 1892.

BACKGROUND
In the lasl decadeof the 19thcentury,Germanywastryingto
obtain colonialparity with her principalrivals. Franceand
Britain.The Germansinstalledagentsin WeslAfnca intended
to inciterebellionagainstthe old colonialmasrersandexpand
Germaninfluencein thearea.In theFrenchcolonyofDahomey
(nowBenin).KingGle Gle wasangryat Frenchinrerference in
the profitable(andillegal)slavetradehe hadbeenrunningfor
years.Representatives of the Germanfirm WolberandBrohm
promisedhim modemarmsandammunition.ifhe woulddrive
the Frenchfrom Dahomey.The King. however,wastoo eager
andlauncheda surpdseattack moreof a surp.isefor hisown
troopsthantheFrench.ashisarmyhadno timeto trainro adapt
to $e newweaponsandtactics.Theywereeasilydefeaiedand
the King was forcedto sign a humiliatingtreaty,givingthe
French an annual t bute of 20,000 francs and officially
recognising theirrightto tradein the area.
Needlessto say, he died a few months larer and was
succeeded by Behanzin,one of his numeroussons.Far more
wily than his father and hating the Frenchjust as much.
Behanzinactedmorecarefullythanhisfatherhadbeforehim. rightbehindhim. burnedhiscapitalandranfor the mounrains.
He stageda nunber oflightningraidsagainstvillagesrhaiwefe His supporlevaporated andtherebellioncollapsed complerely.
friendlytothe French,andsoonparalysed all iradeby creating Two yearslater. the King sent a messageio rhe French
an atmosphere of lerror and uncenainty.The Frenchauthor, authoritiessayingthathe wasat Ounbegame, ifthey wantedto
ities seemedpowerlessto act and his activitiesremained get him. He surrendedwithout a struggle.and wassenrinto
unchecked for5 months.duringwhichhe burnedto theground
threevillasesftiendlvto the French.

BRIEFINGFORTHE FRENCHCOMMANDER
WHATACTUALLYHAPPENEI) ColonelAlfred AmedeeDodds
ColonelDoddsdidnot wait{orthe Legion,butpressed on wirh You are the commanderof the Frenchcolumn.requiredto
all spe€dup lhe Qu€neRiver.relyingon.the Legionto carchup bring the rebel King Behanzinto heel. Born at St Louis.
by forcedmarlhing(whichtheydidatFauvie).Therouretaken Senegal.you are one of the few officersin the FrenchArmy
by Doddswas:Dogba,Tohuey,Porguessa. Kana,and finally promotedfrom the ranks (in the Field during the Franco-
Abomey.Battleswerefoughlbeforeeachtown,withthe maior PrussianWar). You have a reputationfor b€ing exrremely
fightingat Porguessa and the Koto River nearApka- Things tough,andwereawardedthe Crossto the Legionof Honour.
weregoingwellfor theColumnuntil rheKoroRiver,whenfiey Youspeakthe nativelanguages fluentlyandgetonparticularly
wereforcedto retreat1oApka to reorganise and\rait supplies. wellwithHaoussa nativeTirailleurs.Your obiectiveis therebel
This pausefor breathwas mistakenby King Behanzinas a capital Abomey; however,the city of Kana is at leasr as
tull fledged withdrawal, and he launchedan ill-prepared. importantto the natives.asit is theirsacredcity-The enemyis
all out altackwhich wasmassacred by the Frenchdefenders. numerous. at least5 timesyour number.but isscattered andill
Doddsdid notsplithiscolumn,usedhisartillerytogoodeffect. trained,althoughthere is increasingevidencethat they are
andthecavalryto patrolthesupplyroute. b€ingsuppliedwith modernweapons.You havetwo srraregic
After Kanahad fallen,the King withdrewto Abomey.The choicesrPresson at all speed,hopingtosmashtheenemybefore
Frenchfollowedup, hard on his heelswith a tiny forccof less theyhavetime to concentrate, but riskinga fatal€nvelopment
thanone fifth of their men.The King, seeingthe Frenchwere deepin thejungle;thealternariveis a morecaurious approach,
makingsurethat ea€hstageis se€urebeforeproceeding to the fanaticalwomen fighters,the Am^zonsof legend.Every 3
next,andrelyingon the superiortrainingof theFrenchsoldiers years,all thewomenwhoreach15yearsof ageduringthattime,
to overcome theweightof enemynumbers. arerequiredby lawtoreporiio Koto for selection.
Thebestare,
Onenajor problemiswater.The onlysources of freshwater of course,chosenfor your considerable harem,andthe worst
are the rivers. Any attemptto move with the cumbersome areliquidated.Thevastmajority,however,aredraftedinto the
wheeledwatercarriers wouldslowthe columnto a crawl.sothe army.You haveaneliteCorpsformedfrom3 Brigadeseachof 5
menwill onlyhavethe€anteens on theirbelts.Theywill haveto Regiments ofwomen.Theregiments aredifferentiatedby their
remainnearthe riversto allowmealsto be cookedat dawnand weapons,as shownbelow-The dispositiono{ your {orcesis
dusk,andcouldperhapsrangeup to 3 daysawayfrom a iver, shown,togetherwiththeCommandenofthe detachments (3 of
underextremeclrcumstances_ whomareyourbrothers).
You havethe fo owingforcesavailableto youon 23 August It will take at least3 weeks,possiblylonger,to gatherthe
1892.all inthe capital,Cotonou: reinforcement Corpstogether,at somecentrallocationofyour
choosing.
The SacredCity of Kanahasa greatspiritualsignificance to
yourpeople.lts losswouldbe a greatdisaster,aswouldthe loss
of your€apital,Aborney.

ResiNri ar als.ian spiht (cft?rry)

UMPIRI'S NOTES
It is absolutely
vital that, apartfrom the movementratesgiven
below,the effectiveness ofthe forcesinvolved,andthe system
On 1 Septenber1892,the 2nd Battalionofthe 2ndForeign ofcombat,is hiddenftom the players.Furthermore,"some all battle
LegionInfantryRegiment,is duein at Cotonoufrom its depot reports should be explained in generalterms,suchas of
your men (orwomen) have taken a battedng".
and rever "rhe
at Sidi-befAbbes.These men are commandedby your
Second-in-Command, Commandant Faurax. lstAmazonRestis nowon -2 DM".
You havethe authorityto requestreinforcements, if you so
desire.Thesewill consistof a further Regimentof Tirailleurs
thatwill beavailablefrom Cotonouon l5 September 1892.
The detailsof the Opalareasfollows:
CompositeCorv€tteOpal:
Lengthbetweenperpendiculars:
220ft
Breadih:40ft
DisFlacement:2120tons
MaximumDraught:l8ftTin
Armamenl:l2 y 64pdrRifledVuzzleLoaderCannon.
It wouldtakean entiredayfor the columnto crossa river,
BRIEFINGFORTHE KINGOFDAHOMEY fight a banle (and deal with the moppingup afterwards)or
Kiog Behanzin occupy a town. Smaller forces would, of course, take a
You arethe King andabsoluterulerofDahomeyandyou hate proportionally shortertime, if operatingindependently.
the Frenchwith a passionsince,withouttheirinterference,you When using the S.C.R.U.D.systemfor resolvingthe batrles
would be able to extendyour influencefar and wide. You th€ following chart givesthe relevantnumberof diceand dice
potentiallycommanda vastarmy,someof whomareequipped modifiers for the Units concerned:
withthemodemweaponssupplied by theGermanfirm, wolber
andBrohm.You suspecttheirmotives,but at the momentyou
arepreparedto taketheweaponsthey offer,astheywillbeused
to kill Frenchmen.
The Dahomeannationhasa deservedreputationof beinga
warrior race, your best wariors are, however,feared and

You will observefrom theabove,thatthe Germanartilleryis

completely in€ffective.Thisis because, d€spiteit beingmann€d
byEuropeansandcausingcasualties amongthe Frenchforces,
ia scaredoff enoughof the Dahomeansto cancelout its
beneficialeffects!Itcouldbe used.however.to attackthe river
gunboats.If thisis done,thegunboa.s will be forcedto retire(it
wastoo difficuh for the Frenchto try to find the gunshiddenin
thejungle,whereasthegunboats weresittingduckt.
The problem with the gunboatsis that, while providing
excellentcoverand communications, theyareonlyreallyable to
 26

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navigaterheOuemeRiverasfarasTohuey,andarenot ablero difficuhiesofdetachments tryingto passthisinformationback

followthe RiverKoto furrhernorthfrom rhejunctionwirh the to the Column.The Dahomeans will alwaysknowthe previous
Queme, day'spositionof the main Column, bul not necessarilv any
Thetwogunboats betweenthemwouldbe ableto squeeze on smallerdetachments.
boardhal{a battalionof infantry.Embarkinganddisembarking
wouldtakehalfa day.
You will aho note that the more Dahomeansthere arc TACTICALNOTES
gatheredtogether,the lesseffeciivetheybecome,astheywere
The game may seemheavilyweightedtowardsthe French,as
impossible to co-ordinate.The maximumrhat canbe concen,
tratedin oneplacefor anylengthoftime isa Corps.Ifany mor€ some of their forcesare prettynearinvincible.This is entirely
borneour by the resultsof the fighlingthat took placein the
troops than a Corps are in the samearea, they suffer an jungle.
additional I DM to eachof ihe extra dicethat are overrhe An ambushearlyin thecarnpaign b),3,000Dahomeans,
resultedin over 1,000of them killed for the lossof only 15
Corpsstren$h.
Frenchmen.Near Porguessa the nativesattackedthe column
The Fren€hhavethe oprionto retreat,ratherthanhaveone
with nearly20,000rlarriors.Afier heavyIighring,lhe Daho,
Unii in thre€destroyed. Thisisnot opento the Dahomeans, as meansIosl7,000casualties
anyretreat\rasseenasa signofweakness. forrhe lossofonly 200Frenchmen.
Therewerenopisonerstakenby eirherside.
Whenthe citiesofKana or Abomeyhavebeencaptured,atl
Dahomeanunils (includingAmazont fight with a I DM The only waythat the Dahomeans canwin. is to slowdown
p€nalty.If bothare captured,the Dahomeanforcesdesertthe the columnby harassing it asoften aspossible,givingtime for
the reinforcementCorpsto form up. The King shouldthen
King andtherebellioncollapses.
adopta defensive positionat a suitablepoint, suchasrheRiver
Ifthe Frenchplayeris temptedto split hisfor€e,you should
pointout to hifi thatthereis no wayofcommunication Koto, with a Corps; and anemptto atack the Columnin rhe
between rear with a secondCorps.The problemwith
him and the detachrnent(the idea of regularmessengers this is that, if the
is Columnissloweddown.theywillhaverheir
laughableunderthe circumstances), you artillerywith then,
butifhe insists mustlet whereasif they presson
him-However,youshouldensurethatthe acrualmovements they might be temptedto leaveit
of behind.
the detachedforce are unknownto the FrenchConmander.
The beautyof thisgarneis that neithersidehasanyrealidea
Thh doesnot applyto smallgarrisons left behindro securethe ol the effectiveness
resupplyrout€,asthisis a very sensibleoptionprovidingthey of their men or tactics(unlessthey are
studentsof thisperiodof his.ory),anda lot will dependon the
areleft at clearlydefinedlocations(towns).
character of thetwo Dlavercommanders.

SCOUTING
TheFrenchwill be awareof anythingin an adjacenthexto their
forces(includingthe gunboats),but you rnustbe awareof the
 27

THEGAPTOCAIAIS
PLUGGING
The Battle for Ghekrvelt
3l October1914
By DavidBickley

INTRODUCTION
Ir the mindsof manythe military actionsof the Great war were
on sucha largescalethat it seemsinconceivablethat therecould
havebeenanyscopefor a decisiveinterventionby asingleunit
of the British Expeditionary Force. Careful analysh of the
actions fought by the Regular Army in tbe period from the
openingofhostilitieson 22 August1914until theconclusion of
the FirstBattle of YDreson 11 Novenber 1914will showthe
interestedstudentthaitherewereseveraloccasions whensinple
unir acrionswere noLonly carriedout. buLprovedvrtalto ihe
B.E.F.'Scontinuedstruggleto halt the Germanadvanceand
savethe war from orematureloss.In this seriesoI articlesI
proposeto offer for tle interested wargamera seies of such
smallactionswhichmaybe foughtout on the tabletop.It is my
hopethat thesemay,insomesmallway,turtherthe popularity
of a minority period for wargamers.
TIIEB.E.F.'SPOSITION
Opposingthis plannedhammerblowthe B.E.F.couldmusterll
Corps,III Corpsand XIx InfantryB gade,threedivisionsin
the Cavalry Corps, and I Corps nolv iDcluding VII Infantry
Division.To supponthis defencewereonly about40 gunsof
over 18pdrcalibre.David Ascoliestimatesthe strengthof an
averageB.E.F. Infantrybattalionat thisjunctureto havebeen
five officers and 300 other ranks, far removed from the 1000
menoI earlyAugust.
when the battle for Gheluveltbeganat 5.30amon the
rnomingof 29 Octoberthe B.E.F. elementsdeployedin its
defencewere wha. remainedof l/ColdstreamCuards; two
companies of l/Black Watch;and the machinegun sectionof
l/Gloucestendeployednorthof the MeninRoad.To the south
of the Menin Road were similarly reducedbattalions,Z
Gordons:l/GrenadierGuards:zscoG Guardsiand2/Borders.

TTIECONTEXTOFTHE BATTLE TIIE BATTLE FORGIIELTIVELT

Follo*ing the outbreakofwarin earlyAugust1914theB.E.F. The initial surp se Germanatta€kby VI BavarianReserve
had marched,fought and died over manyscoresof milesof Divhion had, by 7.00am,already penetratedthe B.E.F.'S
Belgiumand nonhernFrance.From Mons to the Mame and positionto thenorthandbynoonhadalnostreachedthe village
back to the Aisne they had stubbomlyreshtedall that the of Gheluvelt.At this stagethe B.E.F.'Sline had beenbroken
Celnan army couldmusterin its aatemptto breakthe Allied both north and south of the Menin Road. By eveningthe
force and speedilyend the war. On Octoberlst and 2nd the B.E.F.\ III Bngadewas deployedastridethe Menin Road
B.E.F.hadbegunto disengage fromitspositionalongtheAisne south east of Gheluvelt:1/Queens:Z Velch: Zsouth wales
for its transferto the fi€lds of nanders. By 21 Octoberthis Borderers;witb l/Gloucesters in reserve.
manoeuvrehad beencornpletedand the B.E.F. found itself Surprisinglythe Germansdid not presshome their local
once more restored to its position to the left of the French advantage, but on 30 Octobershiftedthe axisof their thrustto
armies,$ith its other flank restingon the Belgianarmies the position along Zandvoordeto Messines.In an attack
towardsthe coast. beginning at dawn they were in possessionof Zandvoorde by
Opposingthe B.E.F. at this stagewere the GermanSixth 10.00am. Onceagainthe Germansfailedto presshometheir
Arny of four corps, the Fourth Army of a further four corps,
togetherwith four cavalrycorpsand six divisions.The German TheAreaAroundYpres
objective was Calais and its port facilities so necessaryto the
resupply and expansionof the British force deployed against
them. The town of Ypres stood astridethe line of the German
thrust.ffYpresweretobe taken,the gapto Calaiswouldopen
andthe warmighthavebeenlost.
On 10October1914theFirs.Battleof Ypreshadopened.By
the eveningof 24 Octoberthe commanders of the Geman
Founh and Sixth Armies had to concedethat all their efforts
had failed to break throughthe B.E.F.\ stubborndefence.
Therefore,on 27 October,the O.H.L. determinedupon a
singleblowon a sevenmile front, from Gheluveltto Messines,
with the intention to defeat and destroythe B.E.F. as an
effectivefightingforce.
Chosento spearhead thisthrustwasArmy GroupFabeck,led
by General Fabeck of XIII Corps. His command was to
compriseXV Corps, II Bavarian Corps, VI Bavarian Reserve Zandvoorde
Division, XXVI Reserve Division, supported by six cavalry
divisionsandsix infantrybrigades- To the north of the Menin
Roadhis attackwould be supportedby XXVI ReserveCorpsof
FourthArmy. Nol only werethesetroopsheshand up to full
strength,but alsotheywereto enjoythesupportof a formidable
artilleryarm of over 260 heavygunsand almost500 smaller
28
advantageand were halted by a combinationof determined
defence,witheringfire, anda seriousmiscalculationof thetrue
strengthofthoseunitsopposingthem,typicallyfiveofficersand
192otherrankslBut by the closeof the actionon 30 October
both Zandvoordeand Hollebekewerein cerman hands.The
centreofattentionnow swhchedtowardscheluvelt.
Gheluveltwasa smallvillagealmosthalfwaybetweenYpres
and Menin, lying on a south-eastem spur of the main Ypres
ridge. It lay directly in the line of the main thrusr now
developingtowardsYpres. cheluvelt was defendedby ele-
ments of twelve Infantry Regiments,sevendefendingthe
south-€astem approaches. One Regimentwasto win a lasting
glory in the fightingof 31 October,the SecondBattalionthe
Worcesters, who would afterwardskeep GheluveltDay as a
reeimentalhonour.
supportof l/south wales Borderers.At 2.00pmthe advance
began,screened by treesuntil the crestof PolderhoekRidge,
1,000yardsfron Gheluvelt,was reached.Here the battalion
deployedinto line andrushedover the opengroundsweprby
artilleryfire. Over 100rnenwere lostb€forethe Chateauwas
reached.The remainderof the Battalionchargedand, after
some hand-to-handfighting, the surprisedGermanswere
driven off. By 4.00pn the village of Gheluvelt had been
retaken,andthe Germansrepulsed,thinkingthe 2Morcesiers
werebut the first ofa majorforceof reinforcement. However,
the situationoI the wider defencewasso fluid that Gh€luv€lt
was soon of little tactical importanceand after dark the
remnantsof the Filst Division and of 2^Vorc€sterswere
withdrawntowardsPolygonWood and ch€luvelt reoccupied
bylheCermansonthemom'ngof | \ovember.

THE CTIARGEOFTHE WORCESTERS

AT WARGAMINGTIIE WORCESTER'SCHARGEAT
GHELUVELT GHELUVELT
By the momingof31 Octoberthe defenceof cheluveltwasin I baveprovidedtwo mapsto accompanythis sectionof the
thehandsof 2/RoyalScotsFusiliels;twocompanies of 1/Ioyals; article;oneof the widerstrategical situationaroundrhe Ypres
andonecompanyl/Queen'stothesouth-west. Due southin the salient,and a secondof the suggested tabletopset up for a
orchardsalientweretwo companies of2|KRRC andthe other re-enactment ofthe Worcestelsfatefulcharseat Gheluvelr.As
companies ofthe l/Queen's.A ihousandyardsto the rearwere my interestslie in wargamingactionsin 20nh or 25mmI shall
some520reservesof 1/l,ovahand 2|KRRC. Furthereastlay passbrieflyoverthe possibilities of garningthe wideractionsof
2/Welchin the village; around the cheluvelt Chateauthe the FirstBattleofYpres,of whichthe battlefor Gheluveltwas
1/SouthWales Borderersil/Scots cuards: and northwards but oneunloldingdrama.
1/Camerons and l/Black Warch.The total strensthoI these Those gamen who favour the large scale acrion would
unilswa\ some2.000menar besl.Ar b.00amthe iosirion *as probablybe driven by economicand space€onsideration to
attackedby LIV ReserveDivisionto the northofthe roadand approachthe FirstBattleforYpreseitherin 6mmscaleoreven
by XXX Divisionto the south,sometwentybatralionsin rhe as a boardgame. In the largers€alesof 20mmand 25mmthis
line with eight in reserve.By 10.00amthe line was broken actionwould only be {easiblefor a largeclub or by reducing
followinga twohourlongartillerybombardment whichliterally groundand figurescalesto the purelyrepresentative. As this
blewthe 2/Welchfrornthei tren€hesandsecuredthe orchard solulionmayappealtoonlya minorityoftastesI shallpasson to
salient.Nowfolloweda conce ed attack,suppo(edby artillery considerhowwe mightgametheWorcesterjactionusinglarger
andmachinegunfire. to drivethe defenders fu(her apart.By scalefigures.
1l.00am only five machineguns could be operatedin the The layoutfor ihe iabletoprecreationofthis actionshownin
defenceofGheluveltandby 11.30am the rubblethat remained maptwo shouldbe sufficientto enablethe interested gamerto
ofthe villagewasin Germanhands. setout the mainfeatureswhicharenecessarvforthe successful
To the north,in andaroundthe Chateau,the 1/SouthWal€s rccreation.Whateverterrainsystemis in usewill providethe
Borderersand1/Scots Guardswerestill holdingtheirgroundas basisof the scenics. Treesare readilyavailablefrom a rangeof
many small copsesdisrupted German artillery fire. The manufacturers, althoughfewrivalthefriendlybanterofthetSS
remnantsof l/Queen'sfaredlesswell andweresoonoverrun. show staffl
{Thafs Les & Colin - bantamweightbantering
only twooffi€ersandtwelveotherranksescaping. For a further championsl Ed.l The buildingoftheGheluveltChateaumaybe
twohoursthel/Iryalsandthe RoyalScotsFusilienheldout to r€presenled by any numberof models,thoughI was rather
containthe enemyin the gap.By noon the 2nvelchhad been taken by the new HovelsEuropeanBuildingsin 25nm scale
overrunandonlythirty sevensurvivorsweremustered. which were releasedre€ently.Walls are provided by any
The 1/SouthWalesBorderersand l/Scotscuards had been numb€rof manufacturers and hedgesmay be economically
pressedbackinto the groundsof the Chateau,but a bayonet constructed fromgreenrubberised horsehairobtainableftom a
chargehadrepulsedfurthercerman attacksto nearbycopses. number of suppliels. Dave Thomas of Connoiss€ur/Elitd
For a shortwhitethe fightingabat€daroundthe Chareauand WargamesFoundryare one exarnple.As to the buildingsto
the remainsofthe village. representthe villageof Gheluvelt,it shouldbe remembered
Duringthe morningasthe DivisionalCommanders leamed thatby thetimeofthe Worcesten'actionthe fightinghadraged
piecemeal of the unfoldingdramaaroundGheluveltthey had aroundit for threedaysat leastandit hadlargelybeenreduced
decidedto place2/Worcesters as a reservefor First Division. to rubble.For gamersof a dramaticnatureI wouldrecommend
BatralionHQ waslocatedin PolygonWoodto the northofthe theruinedbuildingsrangereleased by Villagecreen.Otherwise
GheluveltChateau.At 1.00pnthey were orderedto advance a small numberof generallyruined buildingswill sufficero
without delayand to ". .. delivera counteFatta€k with ihe representthe buildingsofthe villaSe.
utmostvigouragainstthe enemy. . . and to re-establish our Thegamewhichnay befoughtaroundtheWorcesteriaction
line . . ." Almostat the samemomenta shellfell on the White couldbe considered in a numb€rofphases, perhapsfoughtout
Chateauhousingthe H.Q.s of the FirctandSecondDivisions, asa mini campaign or a linkedseriesofgamesovera numberof
killing one commanderand stunningthe other, killing or nights.Thefirstphase\rouldcentrearoundthecermanattacks
woundingall but one staff officer.By the rim€ the command of 29 and 30 Octoberto rhe norrh and southof the viltage
of
structurehadbeenre-established in an houl the 2nvorcesters Cheluvelt. the <econd phase woDldberheCermanartack;tll
hadenteredhistory,Gheluvelthadbeenretaken,Ypressaved Octoberwhichsucceeded in splittingtheB.E.F.lineandseizing
andthe lossofthe war averted! thevillage.The thirdphaseshouldberheWotcesten'chargeto
Whenthe 2^Vorcesters receivedthe order to advancethey retaketheChateauandsecuretheline, to whichI shallturn in a
comprised threecompanies, with a turthercompanyforwardin moment,and the fourth phaseshouldbe the fighr to retake
 29

3l October1914
Battlefor Gheluvelt, WARRIOR MINII{TURES
14 Ttvertod Av., Glacgow G32 9NX Sco and.
f1.25 | S.A.E.Pl€as€
Newcatalogue staleinter€sls
lor sample.
rsm AruOESdny 19.95+ rl|) lGi 25m AIIIIIES
&nish,hnchNapd@nic, Napoledi.ImFa6 tr6 95
Rolm ld C AD, ECWRorali4
ECW%ni.,lrmbir, ACWUn;m, ACW &iri+, f?nd, F,lsa,
Cdnen@lq r8it! C. Fdhr Cood tusMaq Spdish.
Fanb5,E!d, zulu w - zut'1 Bnbsh. supalmAnj6 ft3 50
b dd lo ab@e- tuI d€r.ib in @idos@
ftrn yptffi S.n@i NodD!,€€rctr Lln&knehE
Fu! Eige ot 6gs. b add b abow -
GDr va{o!
Jusrme or ow dodt)ci M:
25m: Man uk€s. ACW, Ma@donian+ tunic l Jrs, w6 ot fie Roc.
Lindskechq R6a6dce, GaU]5,Darlt As6, Nmanr Samuaj, Roruro,
MonsoLs,AWl, MIX-AM Wd, ColonDls, J*ob|r6, ac,
lsmn: M61 E ods I lsmm eom€nL ECW ACW
Vka A@ x..ptd- Tn& e;q&i6 kvib r.

SIMON'S SOLDIERS
A proiessionalpainting seruie fo! watgmers by a wa€aer.
All s.dles@reRdlor (up to I lom) bur l5lm a sp€cialty.wilh d
numberof sldddds ardiablelo sun your tate tud vou! pock€t.
For a lsfti sample s6d €1.50 to 14 Cae Ffumon, Bcctla,
Bddgdd, Mid. cho. CF31 zBG or conBq
Gheluveltitself.A fifthphasemightbethewithdrawalby night SltDon Chelsorth on 0656 76a556 for detatts.
from the villagefor thosefavoudnga moreunusualwargame
challenge. recreation.TabletopGamespublishtwo setswhich might be
Asthe earlypartofthe Worcesters' advance took placeunder consulted.mv own Greallyar l91l-75 rulesundertheirActive
publishthe more
coverthenthe actionfor anyrecreationshouldbeginfrom the ServicePresslabelandlrerci. AgemaRules
complex set Ol?/ de Torr. Each gamer \,villhave their own
momenttheyclearedtheprotecaivesetocrossthe1,000yards
pref€rence which shouldgive a satisfactoryevening\ entenain,
of opengroundunder anillery fire to reachthe Chateauand
engagethe German attackers.Choosinga figurc scaleto
representthe B.E.F. unitsis the first practicalproblemfacedif It is probablethatgiventhe smallsizeofB.E.F. unitspiesent
during this local actionit will be necessary to amendmomle
the opposingGerman units are nor to be very large (and
expensive)to provide. One solutioncould be to employ a rulesaccordingly, makingit harderfor theB.E.F. unitsto falter
variablebasesizefor the two s;desor to utiliseequalbasesizes andharderfor the Germanunitsto presshomeanyadvantage.
gamemore grippinga limit to the numberof
but with morefigureson the Geman bases,perhapsthreeto To make the
boundsto be playedwillforcebothplayerutoptesshomeevery
the B.E.F.'sone.Thus.the removalofone base]vouldr€move
threeGermanfigurcsandbalancein pointscosts the inequality opportunity,recreating thedesperate naturcofthe Worcesters'
of theunitstrengths. Anothersolutionmightbeto refighta pan action andthe urgency ofthe German planto seizeYpres.
ofthe actionasaskimish gamewith few€rfiguresnecessary. To anyone who reads thisarticle,or othersin thisseries,and
wishesto recreatethe Worcesterc' heroic action.or anyother
Whilsianillery modelsneednot be represented on the table
during any recreation,it is necessary for artillery fire to be Creal War aclion. I woulda\k them to \Dend a fewmoment5 in
represented. Thisis bestdonethroughthemediun of'offtable' thoughtfor thoselike myGreatUncle,15000 PrivateA.J. Boot,
firing,with the Germanplayerhavingthree timesthefirepower and his many companionswho did not retum, from the
"€ontemptiblelittle army" which fought and died to halt the
of his B.E.F. rival. A suitableprocedurewould be for the
playersto estimaterangesfrom their edgesofthe tableandto Germanadvance andplug'thegapto Calais'.
mark the fall of unsuccessful barragesby shellcraters,suchas
may be purchased cheaplyfrom Hovelsor scratchconstructed
from €ard and Basetexor Tetrion. Perhapspercentagedice BIBLIOGRAPHYONUSEFULSOIJRCES FOR
couldbe used,with eachbound'sfire havea 60% chanceof WARGAMING IN TIIE 1914 PERIOD
beingontargetasan altemative.lt wouldthenbe necessary to Ascoli:lie Moru Star,Haffap,1981.
determinethe degreeof error, mostsimplyvia an eightsided B^rthor$ TheOld Contenpdrles, Osprey, 1989.
dice related to compassbearingsand a six sided dice to David:The1914Campaigr,MilitaryPress,1987.
determinethe distance in localunitsof measurement. Fosten/Marrion: Ir€ B/itr,l?Amy 1914-1I, Osqey, 1918.
Eachwargamerhs hisown preferences for figuresandrules, FostenlMarlion: TheGermanAmy 1914-18 , Osqey , 1918.
so anysuggestions I mightmakearepurelypersonal. Thereare Hafhornrhwaite:Wold WarOne1914,Fotofat, AAP,1989.
severalusefulrangesof figuresnow on the market,the most Macdonald: .I9Jl, Penguin,1989.
comprehensive beingWargamesFoundrJ's25mmcreat War Molfo & M€Gregor: Untforms of the Fist Wo d Wa.
rangeand MiniatureFigurines'15mmrange.Both providea Blandford,1979.
nunber oI figure types neededfor a recreation.In 20mm Mrnby (Ed\: TheGrcatworld tyal, cresham,r915.
BritanniaMiniaturesprovidea nicerangeof figures,although Simpson:TheOld Contempdbler, Allen & Unwin, 1981.
the rnetalis bittle and riflesprone ro snapoff. A numberof Stephens/Maddocks: TheImperialCermanAmy, l9n-1918,
other companies providea growingrangealthoughI am not Alnark,1975.
personally familiarwith the newcomers.
As to rulesthe gamercanlook in a numberofdirections.In
this very magazine(Issue61) our astuteeditor publisheda
frameworkset written by Phil Robinson(anotheronel) and
myself which would lend themselvesto the smaller scale
 LA CONFEDERATIONETIROPEENNE
DE JEUX D'HISTOIRE

LES GRANDESCOMPAGNIESDE L'EST PARISIEN

At long last LANDMARKS"havecastspells,bul
thistimein highdefinilion rcsin.TheSpells(the
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iremswouldnorlookoutol placeonHistodcal
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painted.

15 Ouicksnd.W h vlctim
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Landmarks NdoEoNlcsnnbwburybdp|ayfudm

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RE3O GALLICCASUALTIES All daypanicipationgamesincluding
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FiE31 BOMANCASUALTIES Skjrmishandgrandtacticai.
Plusrefreshments
and
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SEEALSOAT SALUTE93
NewRspublicanRomansandCarthaginians and1866Figures SUNDAY
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RAFMFAI{TASY& SCVFIFIGURES
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 93
(l)
\
at theKingsHall, Stohe
Stohe-on-Trmt
\
WarsamesShow Sunday23rdMay 1993

L
o Hot Foodand Relreshments
Participation I Exhibition Games
Displays I Re' enactrnents
B ng and Buy Slall,DisplayGames Trade Stands
Manulacturcrs
and SupplielsSlands
\ Painting 8 Modelling Competitian

o 22nd. l,lAY, 1.993

the CornbowHall, Hdlesowcn

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doorsopenrt l0 rnr.
ExtensiueFree Parking
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lor dc$ils cdnrrl: for Tnoretnlonnatton contact

=
t.
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rn3€11 or3a 535220
s.ritt orsa 61319 Mr P Nealzon (0782)615535

TRIPLESTREAT
subject:The Third Battleofst Albans,1940
Wherc:Triples,OctagonCentre,Sheffield
when: Afternoon,Sunday21 March1993 o I,EEDS
IYARGAMESCLIIB
PRESENTS
ContactRi€hardCrawley(0742)326696
Intmduction
On the Sundayafternoonof thisyear'sTriplestwosocieties
U FTASCO 93
SocietyofTwentiethCenturyWargamers
will
be joining forcesto spanfive hundredyealsof history.The
and Sheffield-based
VI SATURDAY 26JUNE
Knightsin Battle MedievalSocietywill be combiningtheir ARMLEY SPORIS
CENTRE
wargamesdisplaysto presentThe Third Battle of St Albans, I,EEDS12
1940. - oOORSOPEN 10am
DoingTheir O$n Things
Knightsin Battlewill be introducingtheir new SrAlbans1455 flr FREEPARKING
ADJACENT
participation
gameon SaturdayandonSundaymoming.Inthis

ffi
rhre€playersbecomerival Yorkistlordsvyingto captureKing * WARGAMES
HenryVt. Thisgameisfoughtin 25mmscale andusesacunning
cardplayingsystemto capturesomeof the fe€l of medieval
* PLAYBYMAIL
intrigue. * BRINGAND BUY
At ihe same time the Society of Twentieth Century
Warganerswill be puttingon a se esof gamesillustratingthe * FIASCOAWARDS

ffi
variedinterests
ofthe society'smembers. Thesewill includethe * TRADEFAIR
Battle of Neumark a microtankbattle betweendissimilar
forceson an epic scale.Will the modem TeutonicKnighis (30STANDS)
defeatthe MuscoviteHordes? * CAFETERIA& BAR
Fastand Furious
Sundayaftemoonwill see a fast and furiousgamein which SendSSAEror details ofhow you could \.\in i20 in the
Hitler\ forceshaveinvadedEnglandin 1940.The little known annual FIASCo a\r'ards, for advance tickets include
KentvillageofSt Albans(lookingsuspiciously
like its medieval S1.25perpeEon.
namesak€)is the site of a hard-foughtaction betweenthe CO\TACTS.ROYEN. 30HAIGHWOOD ROAD,LEEDSLSI66PB
advancins Germansandthe doggedBritishdefenders.
When replying to adverts please rnention Wargames lllustrated.
32

TOKUGAIITA'S
TRIIIN'IPH
- THEOSAKACASTTE 1614.1615
CEMPAIGNS,
By MorrinJones
It took the combined car€ersand talents of three very THE WTNTERCAMPAIGN,1614-1615
remarkablemen to unify Japanafter centuriesof warfare.
Typically,the Japanese themselves havemanagedto encapsu, Ieyasuknewhe neededto dealwith the threatfrom Hideyoriif
late this processinto a ratherquaintphrase;'Nobunagapiled hismasterplanwasto work. what he neededwas an excuse.Il
the rice,Hideyoshikneadedthedough,whileTokugawaIeyasu came in the shape ofa72 ton b€llofall things.
The geat sword
hunt of Hideyoshihad seenthe confiscated weaponsmelted
downand tumed into nailsand boltsfor the construction of a
giantimageofBuddha.The hugestatuehadbeendestroyed in
BACKGROUND anearthquake andHideyoshihadnevermanaged to rebuiltit.It
The Osakacampaigns of 1614and 1615hadthei rootsin the wasdestroyed againin rebuildingwork in 1602,but by 1608the
previousforty years of Samuraihistory. Oda Nobunaga's work had slartedover again.Massivelyexpensiv€ in termsof
victoryat Nagashinohad apparentlyput him in an overwhel both manpowerand cash, Hideyori seemeddeterminedto
minglypowerfulpositionandhisruthlesspursuitofhis enemies completehis fatheis task. Aft€r all, hadn't Uncle leyasu
meantthat he wasonly reallyopento attackftom within. He suggested thatheundenaketheirbuildingoftheBuddhafor the
wasduly assassinated by AkechiMitsuhidein 1582.The battle reposeofhis father'sspirit?Castto accompany the statue,the
of Yamazakijust13daysafterthekillingsawJapanwith a new aforementioned bell bore an ins€ription,'May the Statebe
man at the helm, Toyoiomi Hideyoshi the 'Napoleonof peacefuland prosperous' or (o*,ta anko in Chinese.But the
Japan'. H€ cleverly supported Nobunaga'sone-year old characrers within this sentencecontainedth€ id€ographs'Ie'
grandsonas heir, obviouslykeepinsthe reignsof powervery and'yasu'(KaandKo in Chinese).Seeinghisnamesplitin this
muchin hisown hands.Hideyoshirealisedvery quicklywhere wayIeyasufeignedoffence(wellI did sayhe waslookingfor an
the oppositionto his ambitionswouldcomefrom, the talented excuse!).Another sentence,'In the East ia greeisthe pale
andverydangerous warlordof {ivemajorprovinces, Tokugawa moon, and in the Westbids farewellto the settingsun', was
Ieyasu.They had fought side-by-side at Nagashino,but were againtakenasanotherinsult the Eastie Ieyasubeinginferior
deadlyrivalsnow. However,it soonbecameclearthat neither to the West, Hideyori.A definitereasonto go to war if ev€r
coulddefeatthe oth€r in op€n battle and so they cameto a
mutualunderstanding. It suitedIeyasujust fine. ashe wasthe Hideyori beganto recruil /dnin, masterless Samurai,and
naturalcontenderto power shouldHideyoshishuffleoff the alliesforthedefenceofhis mainbase,Osaka.Unfo(unatelyfor
mortalcoil. him a letter wasforwardedto Ieyas! that confirmedthe old
Betw€en1582and 1586Hideyoshibuilt one of the most buzzard'ssusDi€ions. October1614sawrealitvcomeoul of all
powerfulfortress{astles everseen,cenainlythemostpowerful the rurnours,and the two factionssquaredup for a titaoic
everbuilt in Japan.The greatcastleof Osakawassitedon the struggle.Back in the summermonthsHideyorihad actually
remainsofthe Ikkolkki complexatthe junctionofthree vers, retumed gunpowderto the English factory at Hirado, so
the Temma,Yodo andYamoto.It wasan enormouscomplex, unpreparedwas he for the inevitable.Ieyasu irnmediately
the outerwallsalonemeasured over9 milesin circumference. boughtit up. alongwith five cannon,four ofthe culverinlype
Protectedbytwohugenoats,theriversanditsenormous walls, andtheotherasaker,firing 18lband5lb shotrespectively. The
Osakawasa masterpiece ofmilitary design.With the castleas Englishwere doing a roaringtrade, as they were supplying
his baseand Ieyasupledgedto beinga good boy, Hideyoshi Hideyorias well, once the fight becamecertain.The costof
completed hisconquest of Japanin double-quick time.But once sunDowderto
- the two fa€tionsroseatan astronomical rate!
again the succession was thrown into doubt in 1598when fiideyori's supportcame ftom the /onir, disenfranchised
Hideyoshi died without leaving a suitable heir; his son LordsandevenChristians. Tokugawahadreallyrubbedpeople
ToyotomiHideyoriwasonly5 yearsold. up the wrongway overthe years;Hideyorihadat least90,000
leyasu knew his time had finally come. The batde of wilhin the lvallswhenthe siegebegan!They includedthe Ono
Sekigahara, 21 Cctober 1600,sawthe Tokugawafactionbeat brothers,HarunagaandHarufusa,OdaYuIakuabrotherofthe
his opponentinto the mud andJapanwashis. Exceptfor one great Nobunaga,Kirnura Shigenari.possibly a Chnstian
slightproblem:ToyotomiHideyori. Daimyo,Chosokabe Morishige.a veteranofSekigahara, Colo
ProclaimedShogunin 1603,leyasuset about makingsure Motosugu(anotherChristianfanily) andSanadaYukinura, a
thathispowerbasewasabsolutely secure.secureenoughfor his masterof siegecraft,
sonsto;nherit,hspeaksvolumesforthe man\ talentstht hedid The Tokugawaforcescontainedsomevery familiar names
exactlythat,the Tokugawas rulingasShoguns for the next250 too. Date Masamune,'The One Eyed Dragon', was there.
years.Forthe warlordswho did not diebetweentheyears1600 alongwith UesugiKagekatsu.Famoussonsof famouslathers
and 1614the Tokugawaplan of actionwas a time of great were also presentin numbers,includiflgthe Honda boys,
upheaval.Firstlytheir landswereeithere.largedor reduced, Tadamasaand Tadatomo. and Asano Nagaakira.son of
dependingon whichsideth€y had pickedat Sekigahara, for if Nagamasa.The Red Devils were now comnanded by Ii
evertherewasa placeandtime 1opickthewinningsideit wasin Naotaka.his faiher havingfallen victim lo a Ninja bullet al
JapanunderIeyasu'srule. Secondly,the hugecastleswe have Sekigahara. The Maeda clan were stronglyrepresentedby
comero as\ociale sith SamuraiJapan beganro dppearin eve' Toshiie'sson, Toshitsune; WakizakaYasuharussonYasumolo
increasing numbers.Himcji, Kumamoto,Hikoneandofcourse was present,along with Shimazulehisa. son of Yoshihiro.
Ieyasu'sEdo castleall date from this period. Edo, now the Naturally a numberof Ieyasu'ssons were there, including
ImperialPalacein Tokyo, was the mostsplendidof all. But Hidetada- alreadythe Shogun.his faiher having stepped
Osakawas by far thc strongest- and that belongedto the gracefullyinto retirementin 1605.In rcalityleyasuwasvery
Toyotomifamily. rnuchstillincharge andin161,{and 1615, agedT3,wasshownto
be morecraltythanever.
MINIATURES
MATCHTOCK
TIIE WINTERCAMPAIGN16T4 25 CliffseaCrove,Leighon Sea,Essex
5S9l NQ
TeleDhone & taxi 070273986
As m€ntionedalready,Osakawas a hugelypowerfulcastle,
built to takeeveryadvantage of thetopographyin the area.Not THEWARSIN IRTLAND1485-1603
onlywerethe threeriverspart ofthe defences, but the seawas Ntw 15mmRANCT
closeenoughto form itswesternmoat.The threerivershelped tooT cAEt09 anSnh Pike, ralecl6rh
dividethesurrounding flat paddyfieldsinto a confusing massof CAILl0 tn8lishCa ilemrn,Lrle
rnuddyislands.Built insidetwo moatsandsunoundedbywalls cr6rh
120feethigh,thecastleitselfwaspurclya nilitarycornplex,the CAILll lnhCaivemJnn tngnh
serui.e,EndCl6lh
living quartersbeing situatedin the inner bailey. Hideyori CAEL05 Calowgla$, Cltlh CAEL lrl shPke,tndcl6ft
decidedto strengthen the placestill fu(her and had his ronin CAIL06 Crlo$gla$ MidCl6th CAEL ll lnhCaivernan, End
connecta canalto the westof the castlewith a streamthat GAEL07 Calostla$ EndCl6t
flowedto theeastby buildinga moat240feetwideand36deep. CAEL08 Redlhank, EidCl6rh
It wasfilledwith waterto a depthof between12and24feetand HORSE OFTICER9CHARACIER PACK5
insidethe moafslinetheybuilt a l0' highstonewall.The hont GAEL 20 Ang o- ti$ Mai arAms, CAIL 50 lnh OficerPack 6
M dcr6th flt0
ofthe HachomeGatewasstrengthened by the additionof the L l l r { 4 9 o. . \ v a - r c n . a\tt -r \gloh k oo t a v
SanadaBarbican,built by SanadaYukimara, along with larecl6rh cr6lh l5p
anotherwallanda dry moatwith palisadebothinsideit andto CAELzll ldhHoe,LarcCl6lh CAIL56 EizJbelhrn Gene.,l
eitherside.A numberof outpostson the perimeterwere also CAEL2l NodhernHo6eLare
rr 6ih
mannedby thegarrison,thewholecomplexbeingwellsupplied CAEL2l lish LighlHo6e,Javein
with artillery.The latter includedeverythingfrom mangonels,
P O S T A C E , n r e s p e c l i v e o i q u a0n0t U
i t lK=&! lB F P O T ! 2 . t 0 E U R O P E :
cannons in the Europeansenseandalsothecuriouswallgunsof 16.00Ameicarti.50 Rsror\!orld
Japanesedesign thatwereoftenup to 9 feetlong.
CRTDITCARDSTAKEN
Ieyasumobilisedall hisavailableforcesin Edo via Hidetada
on 2 November1614.All Daimyoin residence left Edo on the Fotnnples & Itts @d 5 tust Ch$ Stdnpt: 5t.40 in bilL tUStot t lRC\
Pledastatepetiod4.aleintetest.
5th to retum to their rcspectivetedrories to collect their
joined MAICHLOCI(PAITIZANPRI's AUSTRALIA -
lroops.leyasuarrivedin Kyoto on the 24th, ro be by
88e5rSr,Oaklei8h,vicloria3r6s.
Yoshinano,his fifth son. with 15.000warriorsfrorn the new
castleof Nagoya.At the sametime the rcst of the Eastern
NEWOsprcy litlecoverinS sme Friod plu5samplE !7.95(incp&p).
Army, as ;t becameknown, \ras on the move from Edo.
Hidetadaled 50,U}0men, Date Masamune10,000,Uesugi
5,000, and 1,500 came under the Satake banner. By 10 from almostcertaincatastrophe.
Caughtin a murderousfire
December Ibl4theOsakagarrison finatlyknewwhartheywere from within the castlethe Red Devilsflounderedaroundin a
up against-180,000 menunderthecommandofoneofthe most dense,confusingfog, unableto heartheordersro retreatabove
cunningofall Samuraigenerals,Ieyasu himself.And anongst the din ofbattle. The Ninja teamleader,oneMiura Yo'emon,
his hugearmy he had somevery specialforcesindeed- the cameup with a novelsolution.He
orderedhismento fire on the
mysterious Ninja,but moreofthem anon. Ii menfrombehindlAsarrowsandbulletscameflyingoutof the
The first attacks were concentratedon the perimeter mistthe RedDevilsforgor
$e enemytotheirfront andinstead
positions, whicheventually fell by theendofDecember,though attackedihis newthreatto theirrear.Whenthe'enemy'
melted
not until the EasternArmy had taken heavy losses.By 3 awayintothefogtheIi Samuraifound
thattheyhadbeenduped
January1615leyasudecidedto launchhis menat the southem into'attackingto safety'.[i Naotakawas
suitablyimpressed by
defences. dominatedby the Sanadabarbican.Sanadasent men the Ninja's undoubtedcunningand awardedthe Iga men a
out from the positionto taunt the advancing troopsof Maeda 'Kanjo' (the Samuraiversionof a mentionin disparches) for
Toshitsune anddrawtheminto a trap.The baitwasswallowed theirsubtlemisuseofthe Samuraimind.
andastheMaedaSamurai triedtoscalethewallsSanadatmen The Ninja were also involvedin Tokuga*a'sattemptsto
openedup fromcloserangewith arquebus andbow,killingmen bribeSanada out ofhis Dosition.a favouriteSamwaitactic.But
in theiidozens.Reinforcements senttohelpMaedametwith a on thisoccasion theattemptba€k-fired, aswhenSanada gotthe
similar{ate.FurtheralongthewalltheRedDevilsofli Naotaka message via a Ninjaarrowletterhe immediatelytold rherestof
madeit into the OuterBaileydefences, but werebadlymauled the boysin the castlethat leyasuwasso desperare tht he was
by a force of 8,000Sanurai led by Kimura Shigenari,all of tryingto buy him out.
On one oc€asion a ten manNinja team
whom appearto havecanied someform of firearm.Further sneaked intothecasdewith theaimofspreadingdisinformation
atlackson 4 Januarymet with similar results,Chosokabe and distrustb€tweenthe various
defendingcommanders. At
leadingthestoutdefence. leastonecommanderdid commitsuicide.but it h not knownif
One of the stnngestin€identsof the siegeoccuredduing Ninjaweredir€ctlyinvolved.
But lefs faceit,.hey werecapable
theseraidsandtheRedDevilswereon thereceivinsend.As has of almostanything.
beenmenrioned above.Ninjawereusedb! lhe To[ugawaforce Osakawasrapidlybecominga nightmareforleyasu.Despire
at Osaka.Itis believedthatSanada alsohaduseoftheirservices Hidetada'spleasthe old man refusedto launch
an all-out
too, but therearefew detaihorevencluesasto howtheywere assault, he knewthecastlewasfar too strongforthatyet,but he
used. did try a bombardnentto softenup the placewhile miners
TheTokugawaNinjafrom IgaandKogaprovinces wereused attemptedto dig their way under the outer towe$.
He even
undertheirown commanden.Hattori MasanariandYamaoka tookpersonal controlofthe actionandnearlypaidfor it *ith his
Kagetsuge respectively,
and a specialsectionof sharpshooterslife whenasiegelowerhewasincame
underheavycannonand
werealsoorganised. Theyfoughtwith the mainarmyduringfull arquebusfire. The bombardmentthat had lastedfrom
dawn
scale actions as well as their more specialisedroles afld until l0o'clock night
at for threeconsecutive daysmadeIittleor
individualoperations.Ii Naotakahad Ninja with him on the no impression on Osakaandthe venturewaseventuallycalled
Sanadaraid and he hadthem to thank for savinshis division off. Eventhoughthe dven were
blockadedand the landward
sideof the castlewasin the handsof the EastemArmy, Osaka timetherewouldbe no treatyandnomercyfor Hideyori.Once
wasneverinanydangerof falling.It haditsownwell,wasamply againIeyasuusedan excuse,that Hideyorihad restartedthe
s.ockedwith powder,ball and otherweaponsand hadrations war by re'excavating the secondmoatandwasbusyrecruiting
stackedin the grananesto the tune of some200,000koku of wickedRonin to attackthe capitaland lay;t waste.In fact
rice.Whenoneconsiders thatonekoku ofrice wasthe amount Hideyorihad beenattemptingto resurrectthe moat and had
neededto feed one man for a yearit seemsobviousthat the managedto get palisadesup around il by the start of the
garrisonwasn'ton a SlimFastDiet! Tokugawamayalsohave campaign proper.He hadalsoindulg€din af€w mindgamesof
'ThousandGourd
lostsomethingin the regionof 35,000deadorwoundedby this his own by raisinghis late father'sfamous
stage,late December early January,and his allies were Standard'.It heartenedboth hirnselfand his alliesand even
beginn'ngto looka lirlleshakyin romequarers. maderecruitmentproblemsdisappear. He eventuallymustered
But theold fox hada funher trick up hissleeve-He knewthat some120,000men, includinga large Christianforce. (There
Hideyori'smotherwasinsidethe castle,a lady calledYodo- were even foreignpiests insidethe castleitself.)Tokugawa
gimi. A 'peace'messenger in the form ofLady AchaTsubone took it all in his strideand tumed up for the lastwaltzof the
was dispatchedunder a flag of truce by Ieyasuto talk to Toyotomiclanwith somethingapproaching 250,000 men.
Hideyori'smother.OnceLady Acha wasinsidethe complex, On 28 May 1615the Osakaarmy went on the offensive.
however,leyasu decidedto bombardthe ladiesquanersofthe Yamatoprovincewasdevastated by a forceof2,000troopsled
castlewith over 100large€alibreguns.His bestgunnerswere by Ono Harufusa.They got asfar asNara,wherethey tumed
employedin thispublicrelationsexercise andtheymanaged to southto attackSakai,bumingillothe ground,in an attemptto
drop a large l3lb shot through a wall that killed two of blockthe advanceof the Asanoconiingent.This, if anything,
Yodo gimi'sservants andcompletelyredesigned th€ interiorof wasoriginallyHideyori'splan,to defeatindividualelements of
one of her rooms.Two dayslater they very nearlyendedthe Ieyasu'sarmybeforetheycoulduniteagainsthim- It saysa lol
siegeat a strokewhenanothershotnarrowlymissed Hideyori's for thespiritofhis menthattheyverynearlydid it- Butluck was
head.The Lady Acha andthe Tokugawagunnersappeared to to play a crucialrole. They losttrack of the mainbody of the
havedonethe trick as,sho{tlyafterwards, Yodo-gimibeganto Tokugawa force in the foggy passesaround Nara. The entire
askhersonto talk peaceto Ieyasu.But bothHideyoriandGoto weightof the EasternArmy fell on Goto Motosugu,and his
Motosuguwere positivethat leyasuwas not io be trusted. 2,400men werecalmlywalkedover by the sheernumbersof
Meanwhilethebombardment wenton. their {oes.The attemptsby Chosokabeand Kimura to hold
UnbelievablytheOnobrothersandOdaYurakumanagedto TodoandIiat baymetwith similarfailuresandthe Osakanen
persuade Hideyorito signa treatywith leyasu.surelyon€of the wereforcedto withdrawtowhatwasleftofthe castle.
biggestmistakesin history.Perhapsthey weretemptedto use HideyoriandSanadacalled a coun€ilofwaron 2June,during
the deal to bargainwith Ieyasufor their former possessions.whichtheir finalplansweremade.Everyoneknewthat Osaka
whatever the reasons,Ieyasucouldn't believehis luck and was in no shape1o withstandanothersiege,the men from
gleetullysigned the treatywith a grandgesture,the bloodfrom Hondahad done their work too well. It wasdecidedto give
thetip ofhisfinger,on 2l January1615.The WinterCampaign battlein the ooen.to the southof the formeroutermoatin an
wasover the warwasnot. areaknownasTennoii. Sanada,Ono andtheir legionswould
launchthemselves at the centreof the Tokugawaforcesto hold
them in placewhileAkashi Morishigeled his men on a wide
TREATYTREACHERYANDTIIE STIMMER sweeparoundthe enemyto attackfrom the rear. Once this
cAMPAIGN,16l5 stageofthe battlewasreachedHideyoriwouldleadthe restof
Hideyoriand Goto both thoughtthat Ieyasuwastreacherous, the Osakamenout from their linesandinto the fraybehindhis
and they were right. The treaty meanl one thing to him, a father'sstandard.It wasto be all or nothingfor him, he knew
chanceto weakenOsakain readiness for the next stageofthe therewouldn'tbe anotherchance.
war he was alreadyplanning.At first glancethe treaty was Ieyasuhlinesrretched from the seacoast, on hisleftflank,to
simpleenough.A free pardon for all the Ronin, Hideyori to the Hirano riveron his right.The army was formed uPin sucha
havefreedomo{choiceastowherehe couldliveinreturnlbr a way asto almostinvitea frontalattackfrom the OsakaRonin.
solemnvow never to rebel againstleyasu. But the most MaedaToshitsun€ heldthe right flank on the river, with Todo
imponantpart ofthe treatynevermadeit to the final stageof to hisleft andrear.The RedDevilsof Ii Naotakawer€backup
negotiation, thewrittentreatyitself.DuringtalksIeyasucalmly to strengthandarrayedalongsidethe Todo clan.The Tokugawa
mentionedto the Osakamediatorthat sincetheyweretalking forceshad the youngerof the Honda brothers,Tadamoto,
peacethe outermoatshouldbe fitledin. Thislittle exlradidnl holdingthipostofhonourinthevanguard: thehugemainbody
seemto sinkin, evenwhenit wasraisedon at leastthreeother of their forceswere groupedimmediatelybehindhim, albeit
occasions. lt wasneverproperlydiscussed or evendemanded, separatedby a bundredyards or so of open Sround Date
andasmentionedaboveit certainlynevermadeit to the final Masamuneheld reservetroopsto the left and rear of the left
treatysignedby both factions.It was1obe the deaihknellIor flanko{ thernainbodywherethe Echizentroopswerestaionecl.
Hideyoriandhisclan. The One-EyedDragonknewthis to be a possibleweaklink in
It soonbecameclearthatthingswere not goingto
exactly plan the Tokugawaline andeventswereto provehim correct.The
22 January 1615 Ieyasu 'disbanded' his forcesofthe Mizunoclanwereto Date'srightwhilehisrearwas
for the Osaka m€n. On
army.lnrealityall hedid wasto sendShimazu offto theseaside, protectedby the men of Asan Nagaakira.Tokugawaleyasu
whiletherestof thecrewbeganfillingin theoutermoat.Under himself,in full armour,alongwith hissonsYorinobu,Yoshinao
the watchfuleyeof the Honda clanthe outerworksof Osaka andHidetadaandtheir householdlrooDs.wasstationedto the
disappeared into the moatwithin a weekofoperationsstarting. left andrearofthe everloyalRed Devils,controlofthe battle
The Osakagarrisonhcommanderprotestedfor€efullyat this supposedly restingwithHidetada-thoughitwas obviousto all
actionandprobablywentberserkwhentheenterprising Honda whowasin realcommand.
boys turned their landscapetalentsto the inner moat! But Thedaydawnedbrightandclearon3June1615,a perfectday
despite protests and calming noises from the Tokugawa faction for a battle.Formanythousands it wasto betheirlast.leyasuin
thesecondmoatwentthe wayof thefirst in 26days.Osakawas line with the times,had orderedpracticallyall his Samuraito
downto onemoatanditswalh. fighton foot.Thiswasto be abattleof the newschoolwith the
WithinthreemonthsIeyasuwasoutside Osakaagain, but this spear,sword and arquebusdecidingthe dayi the mounted
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1: Attack of the Mori Ronin,breakingthe Tokugawaforward (&Mre!,HoetskEnrr& d!Micryne! d,
Iroops.
2: Sanada'sattack on the Echizenmen.
3: Kimura'sattackon theTokugawacentre.
woundedby a spearthrustnearthekidneys,whichgivesanidea
archerycontests ofold werelotally inelevantasfar as he was how fiercethe scrapwas.Asano'sapparentrrcasonevenhad
concerned.Facingyoung Honda in front of the Tokugawa Ieyasuconiemplating suicide,thinkingthat all waslost. Again
centrewereapproximately 54,000Ronin underSanadaYuki- thoughacombinationofluck, commonsense andbraverywere
mura and Mori Katsunaga,with reservetroops stret€hing on leyasu\ side.
behindthemtowardsthe castle.Ono Harunagahelda position YoungHondahadnanagedsomehowto rallyhisforcesafter
to thefrontofthe formerSanada Barbican,waitingimpatiently their disasterous clashwith the Mori Ronin. He combined
for the battleto begin.At aroundnoonthe acrionstartedwith forceswith the remainingEchizenmen and smashedinto
hol-headed Roninfrom the Mori commandopeningfireon the Sanada\troops,forcingthembacktowardsTenno-jiandaway
Tokugawatroopswith arquebuses. Sanada wasfurious,thiswas fromthehard-pressed Tokugawacentre.Sanada wasabsolutely
definitelya caseof jumping the gun, nothingwas meantto exhausted, somuchsothath€ didn'tevenr€sistanattackftoma
happenuntil Akashiwasin placeto cary our his pan of the SamuraicalledNishio Nizaenon. His deathwas one of the
plan.Insteadof stoppingandwaitingasorderedrheMori Ronin tumingpoinlsin the battle,anotherbeingthe realisationthat
appearedto redoubletheir effortsand soonTokugawamen far from changingsides Asano was really attemptingto
werefallingin largenunbers.After a quickexchange ofviews reinforcethe left wing and centre of the Tokugawaarmy.
with Sanada,Mori decidedthat he hadno optionbur to follow Hidetada,probablyactingon his own initiative,launchedthe
up his mens apparentlunacy.He led them screaming into a RedDevilsandtheTodoSamuraiinto a chargethattookthem
chargeso fierce that it smashedclean through rhe Honda from their placeson the right wing, acrossthe battlefieldand
vanguardandbitdeepintorheTokugawacentre. Butthe Osaka into theleft flankofthe Osakamenledby KimuraShigenari. lt
gameplanwasnowwell andtruly our ofthe window. wasyetanotherferocious chargeby Naotaka'snen thatpushed
Sanadarealisedthat therc was no tuming back now, rhe the Kimura Samuraiback towardsrhe castleand led to the
ferociousRoninwere beyondrecallan].ray. He senthis son deathof Kimurahimselfat the handsofa mob ofscreamingIi
gallopingback to the castleto whisrleup the reservesunder Ashigaru.The Todo didn't exactlyfare too well when they
Hideyorifor an all,outauack,whilehisown menchargedinto walkedoveralandmine.Whenthe dustsettledmanydozensof
the nervousEchizenmenon theTokugawaleft wing.Suddenly theirnen laydeadandwounded.
criesof 'Treacheryl'wereheardon allsides.Remembering all No soonerhadHidetadasentthe Ii andTodotrooDson their
too well the fatefulbattleof Sekigahara, the 15,000Echizen way thanh€ realisedthat he hadmadea terriblemistake.The
men were hor fi€d to seethe Samuraiof Asano Nagaakira reservetrcopsof Ono Harunagawerenow headinghisway in
hurryingup the coastbehindthem,apparendygeitingreadyto forceandit didn't look like theywereaboutto askhim to read
changesides-The Echizencontingentbroke ranks and ran poetry.Hedesperately attemptedto recallbothIi andTodoand
smackinto their own centre,who were having a lessthan calledonMaedato hisdghttohelpout.ButMaedadidn'tmove
pleasanttime tryingto holdofftbe fa.aticalRoninofthe Mori a singleman. Treacherywasagainsuspected, but Maedawas
clan,whowerefightinglike maniacs.The battlewasreachinga actuallyeatinglunchandwasn'taboutto spoilhisdigestion, no
criticalphase andleyasuhinselfhad to rally hisvisiblyshaken matterwhatlThe Red Devilswheeledroundandhurriedback
fbrces;rumour persiststo this day that rhe old man was to helpHidetada,but ran straightinto a devastating volleyof
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MapB, Osaka1615 PRICI I 5qnd$Il.N 1S;N l" S.$ift.1ICR
rd $il ,.ilCFr!.I | {' IRILTrddnL}rur J
I : Honda'scounter-attack.
2: IiNaotakareverses histroopstoattackthe Ono. i'')"'
TWODRAGONSGdi%
3: Maeda'sattackon theflank andrearofthe Ono.
4: Date and the Echizentroopsattack$e right wing of the PRODI-],CIlOl{S
W?-:-:''
Osakaalmy,
5: Generalretr€atof rheOsakaalmy towardsthe casd€-
NB: The map positionsaboveare the resultof attemptingto
recreaterhe battlein miniature(in fact severalattenpts),and Wherecan I find2000MilitaryBooks?
the sequence ofeventsshownh fairly accurateof the outcome ln the
of the actualbattleitself.
KENTROTMANCatalogue
arquebus fire from the Ono troopswhichtook downrhe clan's ot coursel
two standardbearels.Urter confusionreignedas Hidetada
lungedinto the fight and the Ii troopsaddedro the disorderin Ken Trotman Ltd
the Tokugawamnks.Two of Tokugawa's officershadro grab
his bridle and pull him away to safety,leavingit to Honda
Masanobuand Kato Yoshiakito bring relativesanitybackto
on Militalt Histo.y
the proceedings. and W€pon.y
Maedafinallydecidedto lend a handandattackedthe Ono.
The Osaka reserveshad shot their bolt. and overreached
themselves andnowlound themselves veryhardpressed. Over
on the left Date Masamunehad his own way of dealingwith
suspectallies- he shot rhem. The fact that the supposedly
treacherous Samuraiwereactuallytoo exhausted fromprevious
exertionsto take any further part in the battledidnl seemto
bother him in the slightest.And anFay, anyonewho was
contemplatingchangingsideswould definitely think twice
aboutit whilethe One-EyedDragonwasin oneof hismoodsl
Nothing was going right for the Osakamen as the surprise crn$I YIm rulu 1192
attackdue to comefrom the Akashihadfailedto materialise. &ok r rdit dn fortidii! r'nli@fds

Akashi'smenhavingbeenambushed on theirwayto battle.On

top of that Hideyorihadn't appearedwith ahereinforcements Send lot a iee cataloguer'ow
from the castleand the sheernumbersofthe Tokugawaforces
Mailorderis our speciality.
werebeginningtotell,thetiredRoninbeingpusbedbackacross
theplaintowardsOsaka. KENTROTMANLTD,
Suddenlythe wallsof the castleitselfwerepenetrated anda UNITI1, 'I35 DITTONWALK,CAMBRIDGE,
bloodylight developed in theouterbailey,with ihe Osakamen CB58QD
being pushed back all the time. The banner of Mizuno
Katsuhigeappearedin front of the Sakuragate, the south-
emmostgateo{ the inner citadel.As Tokugawa's menpoured WARGAMES
RESEARCH
into the fortress panic broke out amongst the servantsand
civiliansshelteringthere.Hideyoriretreatedinto thekeepwith GROUP

&,
hisremaininghousehold troopsandhismother.Ii Naotakawas TheKeep,LeMarchantBanacks,
commanded to keepwatchoverthe lastrefugeof th€Toyotomi LondonRoad,Deviz€s,
clan.But hedecidedto usethekeepastargetpracticeandbegan Wiltshire SN102ER.
to blastawayat itwith a numberofhearycannon- Fireshadalso Tel-& Fax:(0380)
724558
broken out in variousparts of the castle,one of the first
allegedlystartedby Hideyori'scook.Ieyasuhadallthe castlein
NfI4/IDEBETLIS MULTITUDINIS
his hands,savethe keep, by 5.00pm.Naotakameanwhile (DBM)
decidedto keepup with thefireworkdisplayandblazedawayall by PhilEarkerandRichardBodleyScott
throughthenight.By thernomingof the4thHideyoriknewthat Wargames Rules forAncientand MedievalBattles
he couldexpectno qua er from thevictoriousleyasuandsoon 30008C to'l500AD
the keepitselfwason fire. Hideyoriandhh mothercommitted
suicidetogetheras Osakaburnedaroundthem. She was 47
24.75+ P&P
yearsold,her son22. AlsoNowAvailable:
WARCAMES RUTES IgsO.2OOOAD
by PhilBatuer
RETRIBUTION Fullyrevised modernrulesforallarmslandwarfarc
fromplaloonto battalion level.
As a war,theOsakacampaigns hadseenthe militarycollapse of
thelastpossible threatto Ieyasu.He wasdetermined that there f3,95 + P&P
wouldneverbe another.He executedthe lastof theToyotomi, Po,td7ea Pd.AinB
the eightyearold sonof Hideyori,alongwith Chosokabe and UnitedKingdom-Add l0%.Miniumum 50p;
thousands of Ronin from the defeatedarmy. His wasa cruel Maximum f3.00
vengeance andthe headsof hisvanquished foesweredispiayed Airmail Europe-Add 20%Minimum f1.00
for all to see- in a line that stretchedfrom Kyoto to Fushimi. Restof World- Add20%Surface; 50%Airmail.
Although his men had provedvictoriousin the end, Ieyasu Minimum f 1.00
knewthatthequalityofhis troopsin generalwas not whatit had VISA&ACCISS (Mastercard, turocard)ACCEPTED
beenin earlieryearsandhe wasleavingnothingto chance. Forlistsofall our rulesandbooksplease sendans.a.e.
Osakawas the last great Samuraibattle fought in Japan. or 2lRC'5to theaboveaddress.
Therenowfollowedalongperiodof self-imposedisolation from
the outsideworld that endedwith the arrivalof Perrv'sshios
some250years later.Samuraisociery andvalues becamistuffbt
l€gendsandin somecases speculation.TheTokugawaShoguns
who followeddown the yearswere absolutelysecurein their
TheBarracks
po*er andlhe Samumiasa €lassabsolutely secureandsureof 325UnderhillRoad
theirstatus.
The followingyear, 1616,the great old man. the terrible
London SE229EA
TokugawaIeyasudied, safe in the knowledgethat his son o8r-299-4200
Hidetadawas inheritinga stableandunifiedcountry.Buriedat shopjust opened
NewWargames in London,
the magnificenttemple of Nikko, Ieyasu was deified as weiocl bu,lil,ng.lrcm lan wee l,le\ ..vrlhge Creen and Hovel..
To-sho-gu,the Sun God of the East.It wasa fitting end to a K & M T r e e sH
. u m b r o el n r m e l a n da c r v l i D
c a i n r iP e t e r P i s D r o d u d r .
brillianlcareer- tisure: lrom t"nk'y rorgednd CienairE,. i,sure. brlixon
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scale-The latterhasa vastrangeavailableincludingSamurai, Ogasawara, Nobuo,Japdnese Swordr,(Hoikusha1981).
Ashigaru,Monks,Peasants andLords,andisexpandingallthe S]un.Tzx, TheAt ofwa\ (Hodder& Stoughton1981).
time. They are ideal for both skirmishactionsor largescaleTames,Richard,Se/varro/rneSrogrlr, (PautNorbury1983).
battlesand I givethem my wholeheanedrecommendation as Tumbulf, Steven, The Sanurai a military history, (Osprcy
the Two DragonSamurairangeforms th€ wholeof my own 1977).Sanuni Amies 155r-161J, (ospr€i tstqi ri" Moi-
collection! 8ols, (Osprey 1980); The Book of the Sanurui, (Ams &
Aj]lnovlJJ
1982);SamuraiWaftiors, (Btandfotd 1987); Batttesof
SOURCES the Sanurai, (Atms & ArmoUtr1981):Sanurui warto s - the
Book of the Dainyo , (Blandtotd 1989)i TheLone Samuni and
The main ref€rencesourcesfor this seriesof articl€sare as the Martial Ats, (Blandford
1990); Ninja, the nue strty of
Japans secretWanior Culr,(Firebird1991).
Bottomley& Hopson,,Amr and Atmon of the Samurui, Varley & Morris, The Sanurui, (Weidenfetd& Nicholson
(DefoePublishing1988). 1970).
Bryanr,A.J., TheSanurui(Osprey1989). Yoshikawa, Eiji, Mr6arfti,(a novelin 5 vols- Corgi1990).
Bryanr.4.1..TheEa ) Samlrdr(Ospre)lq9ll.
Fujioka,Michio,,rapanere
Cdrd€r,(Hoikusha1981).
Musashi,Miyamoto,A Book o/Fil,e Rmgs,(Allison& Busby
1982).
38

THENIGHTMARE
OFEI'ROPE
TheYent Chedtn the 16th and 17th Centgrtes
By StephenEde-Boftett
"The armJ pu have jwt createdshall be ca ed Yeni
Cheti- future "Civil Servants"of aheOttomanEmpire.No wonder
the Nebh' Amj'. hwi befair and shining, itsarm strcng, its then that many poor families willingly surrenderedtheir
s*,otd shary-cutting, its aftows non-tipped. h shall be offspringwhen suchrewardswereavailable.
t'ic rrious in aI baftks and neyetreturnunlesstriumphant." A contemporary viewofthe Janissary Corpswasofferedby
Thus,traditionally,the elderlyMuslimsheikh,Haji Baqtash, Paolo Giovio:
namedthe first recruitsto a newCorpsof the OttomanArmy. "Then dbcipline under arns is due to their justice and
The year was, accordingto the legend,1326and the place, severity,whbh surpassesthat ofthe ancientRonsns. They
WesternTurkey. suryass our soldie\ fot thrce rcasons; they obey thei
The sizeofthe OttomanEmpireproduced,in the early14th connanden h,ilhoutquesion; theyseemto carenothing al
Century, a manpower shortagewhich the Sultan Orhan a for hen ltuesin battle; theJ go fot a long time b'ithoul
(1326-1359)r order€dto be relievedby the creationof a Yeni brcador wine,beingcontentwithba e!andwa@.'
Cheri, a "New Army", a term which their Christianenemies
sooncofupted to Janissary.
TheCorpswasroberecruitedby a humantax aleqofboys ORGAIIISATION
betweentheagesof8 and14takenfromtheSultan'sconquered preoccupation
TheJanissary Corpshadan almostunbelievable
Christianprovin€es.'ThenewJanissary recruitsweretakento with
foodandthiswasreflectedin the ranksandorganisation of
IstanbulandAnatolia wherethev wereenlistedand raisedas
theCorpsandCompanies.
devoutMoslems.Whilstcadetstheylivedwith Turkishfarnilies
The Corpsasawholewasknownasth€ Odjak (Hearth)and
and were taught the Ottoman languageand lslamic laws.
comprised a numberof Ortas (Companiesin contemporary
Throughouttheirlife theywouldremain"Slavesofthe Sultan"
European termt. ThesizeandnumberofOrtasvariedoverthe
no matterhowfar up the promotionladdertheyclimbed.
five hundredyearsin whichthe Corpsexisted,but duringthe
Like theSpartanHoplitesandtheLegionsoflmperialRome,
periodunderconsideration therewere 196Ortas,'eachof 400
the Janissarywas forbidden to marry, but unlike these
predecesson Janissaries.' The Ortas were dividedinto three types- 101
theJanissary wasswomto ceiibacyand,at leastin
Djernaat (Assernbli€s), 34 Segbans (Huntsmen)and6l Boluks
this earlyp€riod,this wasboth observedand enforced.This, (Divisions).'0
Theformertwoappearto haveprovidedthe bulk
togetherwith a devoutbelief in Islam.the fanaticismof the
of theCorpsCombatcapability.
€onve , madethe Corpsfiercelyloyal to the Sultanand rhe
Overallcommando{ the Janissaieslay with the Yeni Cheri
Agha Gee Illustration1) who was aho responsible{or the
The Janissaries werenot, however,all usedfor the military. policing
- seebelow)wereusedaround of the Capital.where he had a privatepalace.The
Most Boluk Orta (Companies
Corpssecondin commandwas the SegbanPasha,who took
the ImperialPalace,includingfor the careofthe Sultan'sdogsl
over responsibility for the Capitals law and order whilsi the
The Solaks' also seem to have been recruiredfrom the
Aghawason campaigns. The SegbanPashadid not, hinself,
Janissaries, althoughthey did not form part of the Janissary
usuallyaccompanyth€ Army. Not surprisinglythe Boluk
Coms.andwerenot a numberedOrta.
Pashathe Kulkiaya("Superintendent of Slaves"),wasthenext
As a footnote,the Janissaries eventuallysufferedfrom the
in lille andcarriedout the dutiesof CorpsadjutantandChiefof
samemaladywhi€hhadafflictedthePraetorianGuardof Rome
Staffon carnpaign. The Kulkiayawasan officerelectedby the
andtheStreltziofRussia,a predilection to dabblinginpolitics.a
rankandfile oflhe Janissaries thems€lves.
Like theseothersthe Janissaries were, eventually.bloodily
OtherCorps"Staff"includedtheZaghardjiPasha("Chiefof
th€ BloodhoundKeepcrs")who wascommanderof the 64th
Orta, thejunior Khass€ki, the PashaCaush("ChiefSergeant")
who commandedthe 5th Orta. and the Kiatib ("Secretary")
TRAINING who was.chargedwith the care and maintenanceof Corps
Every recruitwastrainedin the useof the bow, whichin the
earlyperiodswastheir primaryweapon.andalsoin the useof Each Orta was cornmandedby a Corbadji ("The Chief
the sword.both with andwithoutshield.Beforethe introduc- Soupmak€r"), assisted by, in orderof seniority,the Oda Pasha
tion of firearmsthe recruitswere also taughtthe use of the ("Chief of Barracks), the wakil Kbardj ("Controller of
javelin,spear,slingandcrossbow.6 Expendilure'),the Bairakdar( StandardBearer") and the
The Janissaries, as professionalsoldiers,quickly saw the PashaEski ("ChiefofV€terans").theoldestsoldierin the Orta
advantageslo be offeredby the arquebusandby 1555all other andcommand€r of theeliteKor f 'Guards")ofrhe Oita. Below
missile weapons hadbeenabandoned in itsfavour.althoughth€ thesewas anintricatestru€tureofjuniorofficersandNCOswith
swordwasstill taughtandits profi€ientusepertected. exotictitles suchas Ashci Pasha("Chief Cook") and Sakka
TheJanissary re€ruilswerewell-educated, accordingto some
modem writers to a better standardthan contemDorarv
WeslernEuropeanLniver\rues.Ihey barhederery dai. SECONDIIAND WARGAMESFIGURXS
alcoholandsweetswerestrictlyforbidden,andobedience was bought €' sold
expectediobe instantandabsolute.Disciplineof all formswas all sizes,variousmanufacturers
strictlyenforcedl ancients tbrough to fantasy
Every recruit receivedsome tuition in riding and horse THE OLD SOLDIER
manshipandfromthe mostintelligentandcapablewere chosen TELt O7Oa7zo67a9am ro 7pm
the tutureOfficersofthe wholeJanissary Corys,aswell asthe
 39

Notesto Illustrations 3. 'Archer' of the Sultan's Guard,

1. The Yeni Cheri Agha, rhe unifon is aot .lissinitat to thot ol the o.dinarr ionisutt oN!
Note the e\ogmted tite twbah, ttte coat lrosgihS, aadthehonging could be norc so if the janitsar, .ap w6 ||oh. The coat front h6
beenpulled up ond hrough the belt - hence its undual appeotune.
2, The Boluk Pasha. 4. Janissar!.
The ha|, agoin fiite, vens to hate been unique ta thh n"k, rhe Note the.oat pulled thtouEh the be|, the tatge butnrc, he ap st le
unilom is otll.ttise r.tr sinilar ta th. AEha. and th. plune holdet r*ned to in the E .
(ilwtrations 14 ftun a seties of cohtenporut! Noodcuts, eploduced
cou esj of Dovq publicotioas of Ne|| yolk, USA_)
4{)
Pasha("ChiefWater-Carrier"). seniorOrtaofficerswhoworevarioustypes ofturban.asdidthe
ln theearlyperiodtherewerededi€ated Ortasofslingersand Agha and other Corpsstaff. againthesewere in white but
crossbowmen.but gadually these disappeareduntil the sometlmes overa cnmsoncap.
"standard"Ortasof arquebusiers werealmostthe only onesto
remain.For mostofits existence, andcertainlythroughoutthe
16thand17thCenturies,the Corpshadspecialist Ortasof siege FLAGS,ETC.
engineers andofgunnerswithin its ranks-Theselatterseemat The Janissary Agha'spersonalandcommandflag waswhite'"
timesto havehadItalianandFrenchspecialists attachedl
wilh a horse tail aboveit and marked his positionon the
On campaignthe Corpsformedan Army apart,under the baltiefield-
conmand of the Agha. They were feared and disciplined The
which Corpsflag(seeIllustration5) wasred overgreenwith a
infantryevenduringtheir long declineinto decadence, yellowborderandayellowZulFiqar(swordofAli) device.This
hadalreadybegunin the 17thCentury.At Mohacsin 1526the wassupposed
latterdevice to represent
the miraculous swordof
Janissarieswerethe coreof the Ottomaninfantry- 65 Ortas, Ali
thesonin lawofthe Prophet theallegorical meaningisthe
26,000men. AtSzigetin1566therewere30Ortas. 12,000men-
Jihador Holy War.
Atvi€nna in 1683,thelastgreatJanissary campaign, the Corps
EachOrta carriedtwo flagsand a cauldron.One flagwasa
fieldedno lesthan50.000men 125Orlas.
smallerversionof the Corpsflag.The secondwasusuallywhit€
with the Ortas'uniouedeviceornumberonit. thisnurnberwas
DRESSAI\D ARMS alsooften to be foundtartooedor brandedon the backof the
All Janissarieswerearmedwith swordandsmall,buckler-type Janissary'shandGeelllustrations6-10).
shield,althoughthe latter is often not shownin contemporary The cauldron is perhapsthe most unusualparl of the
The swordwasnot ofthe lightscimitartype,but a Janissary
jllustrations. Corps.EachOrta haditsown brorzecauldronwhich
heavier cutting weapon (see lllustration 4). The primary borethe Ortadevices andwhosesynbolismwasveryimpo ant
weaponof the Janissarywas, however,a missileweapon,as to the men. Meetings weresummoned'at thecauldron", andif
discussedabove, a bow until the early 16th Century, an the cauldronwasoverturnedthe menwerein revolt. In 1683a
and by the 17thCenturyaheavy nusket, Venetian observed a paradeand noted the ". . . Janissaries
arquebusby 1550 early
althoughno restappears to haveeverbeenused. marchingby twosandcaftling thei cauldrcns. - - ". Lossofan
Helmets and rnail amour were certainlyused by some Orta'scauldronwas considered perhapsgreaterthan
adisgrace,
Janissarieson occasion,but how often and by whon. I have the lossofits flass.
been unableto ascenain.Probablythey were only usedby
€e(ain Ortas during a siegeor assaultor, possibly,when
POSTSCRIPT
Contenporaryeye-witness descriptions of the Janissaries
do The JanissarieswereEurope'sfirsl uniformedand disciplined
giveinsightsinto theirappearance: intantryof moderntimes-As a Corps$ey existedfor almost
"After the Hotse a larye boaj ofJanissaries owedbeing iive cenruries.
longerthananyotherfightingunit in European
fo history,evertheperiodoftheir lengthydeclinewaslongerthan
a-foot andseldon caftying any otherarns but Arquebuses.
the timemanvmodernResimentshaveexisted.
Thenake andcoloutof theirClothesarc almos,hesane,so
thatyou wouldjudgethemallto beservants of oneman. yet
on theit Feathers,Crcstsand suchlike Milinn! Ornanents,
they arc owrcurious or ruthet prcud, especiay the NOTES
Vetercnsin the rear - you tl,ould think a h,hole wood of 1. Orhan is the prefenedcandidatealthoughhis successor.
wslking Featherswerein thei Firc-sta6 dnd Frcntuls . . . ' MuradI ( ll5a-1384).issometimes crediled.
GhiselindeBusbecq(c.1550) 2. Originally those in Asia Minor, but later the Balkan
"After cane 16,0(nJanizaties,csltedtheslavesof theGrund Provinces werethe mostusualrecruiting ground.
3. ArcherBodyguards ofthe SultanGeeIllustration3). These
Signio\ all afoot, evetyonehavinqhb harquebush,who be seemlo havecontinuedthe useof the bow long after the
his gua , a clothed in violet silke, and appare ed upon Janissaries properabandoned it.
theb heads with a strunqe.forne, called Cuocullucia, 4. The Corps'first ventureinto politicswasthe murder,in
lashioned in thissott: the entringin of theforeheadi: like a 1622,of OsrnanIIi who likedto practicehisarcheryonhis
shell nalle of h'hiE velvet,and hath a traine hanqingdown courtpages.
behinde,in nanner ola Frenchhoode,ofthe sane colout, 5. By MahmudII in 1826-
and upon thelorcpart of thesaid sku , just in theniddle of 6. Slingersand crossbowmen formed separate.specialist,
hisforehead,thereis standin\bolt uprightlike o ttunkeof a Ortas.
foote longofsilver, garnishednost richly ith Goldsmihs 7. Dr DavidNicolle"The Yeni Cheri".
worke,andpretiousstones,andinthetopof thesaidtunke
8. This wasthe maxinumnumberreached,laterincreases in
a greatbushof feathe6, b,hichi'awrcth up and doh,nmosl Corps strengthwere by increaseof the strengthof the
bravelywhenhemarcheth." indiv'dualOrtas.
AnthonyJenkinson (1ss3)
9. SomeOnaslaterroseto asmuchas l00Omeneach.
From these and other contemporarydescriptionsit is 10. The origin oI this rhreefolddivision seemsto be that
wore a uniformofwhite hat with
apparentthat the Janissaries originallythe threewereseparateandonly laterunitedas
(for paradeonly) white feathers,dark blue coat. dark red oneCorps,
trousersand "yellow'boots.Thehatissometirnes rcferredto as 11. Thislistis notexhaustiv€,
but spaceprecludesa full listing.
havinga leatherreinforcingcorewhich would certainlybave 12. To dateI havenot found this Orta\ number(if indeedit
addedto its usefulness. wasactuallyan Orta), bur it almosrcertainlybelongedto
One Janissaryunit (he Shatir.who providedthe Agha's the Segbans.
guard,replacedthe bluecoal-withdarkred, althougbthe other 14. White had been the most lraditional flag colour for
itemsremainedar standard.'' Ottoman mililary flags sinceat least the 14th Century.
The uniqueJanissarycap waswom by all ranksup 1o lhe Hencealsoi1suseby the OrtasofJanissaries.
 4l

it{,ltuwnn
flGURES
mynot f€dyonrselftoaie€lftom ourU1400
!..1€shlp6?

q
EnAtisbca 68 8l@ cb@ to A?rnzztastraggte*

FRFI ChdsrirncaldsEurdbnar{shi6) 4a.ao

FRF2 TukBh c.llcr sqtirdrcn ( 46shiF) 59.60
flrF5 r4eso. shsou.<lron(22sbid) 59,40
FaFT l:+ tiuxshsdudrotr(r6sbiirj slo.ao
FNir FRENCHN-zml€onic fter r r7sht6) tt6.o5
FNF2SPi.r|5HNa;olconicnera|7shiDs) .616.30
Fr.rFJ 8Rm$ NaDolom rbfl ( 14stiD6t tr2,95
FNFII squadsn(tshiF, 56,0s
PCP- 10% UKe BFPO,20%E tupe,50% tvouAlt
For ftrl list & sdpl. of ou sbiF, sd SSAE& 2 Ft s-tCl6 SabF,
or 3 IRC. or *e th@ at SALIITE ( r 7th Ap.I),

n <x> t A EAr$lAxf, nGU[E5.Jo ndlh v@d R@4 lted! lJl5 5Po.

r.t o5J2676ot5(si.rphdoe 'bd .bc ofte It dot o6nd).

r0
fa rr t1

ll

Janil$ary Corp flag. NEW CRIMEAN

WAR NEW
The Oda ve6ioB wrc tubnicalin appeuarc.,but .ouA b. THEHEAVYBRIGADE
25mm
t .16gu!ar. Ore enple in th. l@itsory M6eM ia Istbbul w6 CCiT Dra.oonotli@.d,awn*ord 94o
s6pcnd.d honzontaly l,on a $6sbar (ftd to the bfl. ccls Dra6oonTrump.rersoundinqd.rqe 9d,
ccl9 Dr..oon f6llim wounded 9lo
6. nsg of the 79th M. c(2o D66oon ch.Ein. e!i'
cc2l 566 GreyOff@idr.wn md 94,
7. IIaS of the 24h Ort2. c(22 5@ricRTrumoet.roundina<h.rqe - - 94i,
cC23 s@tscEifallinircunded 94b
8. nag of the Eeay! Artiller! aa.f SiegBArt lery. Cc2a S@tscrevd.nino 94it
9. FItg ol the lSght ktUlery. BG59 Gener.rE6nei[ e!u.l pse fl.ob
All pd.q in lude: Hoa* g.lloping (3 p6itio., or rt nding,
An alEnativ. v.6io4 ol hit f4g shovs o |'hit fuld ond tu botdzt-
F0$ Gl. . , All U( ord.u oK lll POtt FRla
10. E nbletuAend nambfxsof ,anilr',ry Ortss. UK IPOlat?t ol ordr, nlnlnlh !O!.no
Lelt to Right: tst, 3td, 251h,33/.1,%th Ott4s ovtRlC^s IUIFA<C13* ot ont€r.nlnlmun tr,50
OltEi5EAiAliM ll5lt9a ol odB:nininum I2.5a
AUfin u /NEWUA.A Dlootl of.d.r, {Dl6 midr lL r.tuid.d
11. Tughs(tutrpttil stsndads). chEDItc.Allar T.l.rhd. Od.E: tui'@6 (09I) 55a91,6
y.i'r
llAl OiDER:lhd ldnr n.n..dda & d.r.lb h 'LOO( a ttt tS.
TheLft h@daMpL b o thellpe 6.d br theAEtu; if h. wB .c1ing 9.nd500Int mF.ndl.rt.9 ELrtulllbdngr.
6 Amy Cotuandct he had to tunk at L6t two taib (a h.rc).
(After sudivist Mples in the lMitfury MaeM ia ktanbul.)
 Sqttle
r17
rr ",.),
w^tvrr
WArcHTHISSPACE

KLlW
fonorra
;:::--;'"K"
)
OttomanTurks of the 18th Century-rsmm
Code Descripiions QuanriryCode CostI Code Descriptions QuantityCod€ Costf
INFANTRY CAVALRY
OTI JanissaryInfantrymarching 10 F 1.60 OTCI Sultan'sCuard l0 F 1.60
OT2 JanissaryInfantrywalking t0 F I,60 OTC2 SipahiLancen l0 F 1.60
OT3 JanissryInfantryadvancing l0 F 1.60 OTC3 YorukLancers l0 F 1.60
OT4 GuardJanissary l0 F 1.60 OTC4 DjellisLightCavalry l0 F 1.60
OT5 Niam ; Jedidmarching l0 F 1.60 OTC5 Tartars 10 F 1.60
()T6 Nizan i Jedidwalking l0 F 1.60 OTC6 Manluks t0 F 1.60
OT7 AnatolianSekhan firing l0 F 1.60 OTCg CavalryConmand(3+3h) F 1.60
OT8 AnalolianSekhan advancing l0 F 1.60 OTCIo Pashaandesco((3+3h) F 1.60
OT9 Albanian Sekhan firing l0 F 1.60 AC22 OnomanArtilleryCrew 6 c l.00
OTl0 Albanian Sekhan narching l0 F L60 ART20 OttomanH€arycuns 2 F 1.60
OTll Fellahin l0 F 1.60
OTI4 JanissaryCommand 6 c L00
OTI5 Infantry
Conmand 6 c 1.00 AUAILABLENOW
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 THEITATIAN FTEETIN EASTAFRICA
1940-41
By RobeftMoryan

The ltalian Empire in East Africa, basedon her two small causedby the submarine's 3.9" gun. The final submarineloss
territoies of E trea and Somaliland,was expandedby the wasGdlil/ei,armedwith two 3.9"guns.Shewascaptured south
conquest of Ethiopiainto a massive, purportedlyself-sustainingof Massawain October 1940after a sha+ engagement with
colonyby the time Italy enteredthe war againstBritain and HMS Moonstoneand other British vessels.In the fight the
France.At first the war in EastAfrica went well. and in 1940 Italian officers were all killed or wounded.and the crew
haliantroopsconquered BritishSomaliland, forcinga tempor- remaininginsidethe boatwerepoisonedby emissions from the
arywithdrawalof BritishandImperialtroopsfromthatcountry. batteries.G./r-reiwastowedto Suez.and eventuallycommis-
This vi€torygavethe Duke of Aosla, the ItalianViceroy,an sionedinto the Royal Naval submarineservice-The only
enormous€oastlineboth to defendand. potentially,to useas surfacevessellost in 1940wasthe destroyerF/dncesco Nullo,
eithera launchingpad for a seriesof attackson other British sunkby gunfiretuon theBritishdestroyerHMS (inrerl€) in an
coloniesand the SuezCanal. or for foraysinro the Indian actionnearPort Sudan.
Ocean.
Unfortunatelythe strategicvisionof the ItalianNavalHigh
Command Supernarina - was to say the least limited. BRITISHCOUNTER.ATTACK
AlthoughAostadid havea decentsmallfleetto use,he simply Bv March 1941. the British and EmDire forces had been
was not given the naval forcesto seriouslydisrupt British aisembledto invade Italian East Adica. what had been
shippingroutes in theIndianOcean;thoughhedidposea lhreat envisaged asalongdrawnout campaignprovedotherwise.In a
to the SuezCanal.Indeed.aoartfrom the submarines basedin matterofweeksBonettihadorderedhisremainingsubmarines,
Eritrea, the majority of the Italian shipswere hardly used the slooDErtlea anda couDleof armedmerchantmen to leave
offensively,though they could have been used to seal off Massawiand run the Briiish naval blockad€for home; all
Berberaand preventthe escapeof Britishforcesin the short escaped exceptoneofthe merchantmen, the Ram,I, a unique
Somalicampaign, or to attackshippingbringingreinforcements Italianattemptto copythe Germanarmedmerchantraiders.
to thatfront from Aden. Left behind at Massawawere the five MAS boats. six
destroyers andthetorpedoboats-Theshonrangeof theseships
meantthat for them escapewasnot possible.Very late in th€
TIIE DUKEd'AOSTA'SSHIPS dayanoffensiveplanwasdevisedby lhe navalstaffoffi€erswho
The mainItaliannavalbasein EastAfrica wasat Massawa on rernained;though in retrospectin a hopelesssituationthe plan
the Red Sea,andthe commander wasAdmiralBonetti.At the wasoneofa suicidalnature frornwhichneithershipsnor crews
outsetof war in June1940,his{orcewasmadeup of threegood would return. The three Leone' classvessels.fast and well
'Leone'classdestroyers(8x4.7"
Erns).the Leone,Tigte ard armedwereto be expendedinan attackon the south€rnendof
Pdnrera;four slightlysmallerdestroyers of the Sauro class- the Suezcanal,hopefullyblockingthe waterway.The other
CesareBattisti. Danie e Manin. FruncescoNullo and Nazatio smallerdestroyersand the torpedoboatswould be usedto
Sduro(eachwith 4x4.7" guns).Bonettialsocommanded two attack the British forward supply base at Port Sudan.As
old WWI vintagetorpedoboatsof the 'Sirtori'class- O6rri and preparadons werebeingmadefor thisfinal voyageof theDuke
CiovanniAcetbi (6x4' gunseachvessel).and the elegantly d'Aosta's ileet British and Imperial forces were storming
attractivecolonialsloopE/r/ed (4x4.7"guns),whichwasvery throughEastAfrica, capturingMogadishu, andrapidlyclosing
fast.Half a dozenMAS type motor toryedoboats,anda small on the Massawa navalbase.
force of submarinescompleted the giant colonys naval On t Apnl 194t. the flotilla clearedthe harbour,leaving
establishment. Given the fact that in 1940.combinedwith behindone torpedobo^t, the Acerbi, with enginetrouble.
numbersof RegraAeronauticabonbers,lhisfleel represented Admiral Bonettidid not accompany them.Within a matterof
the strongestoffensiveforce in the entire region,the Duke hoursdisasterstruck.and the big destroyeraeor?, whichhad
d'Aostacouldeasilyhavemounteda seabomeattackon Aden, run aground,had to be abandonedand scuttled.A quick
or Mombasa,or Dar es Salaam,usingthe merchantshipping revisionof the attackplan was rnade,and all six surviving
availableat Massawaand Mogadishuas transports.Y€t he vesselswere to make for Port Sudanand destroywhat they
made no move on land or sea. nor did he unleashhis could th€re. Soon after dawn the following day they were
considerable air power. discovered by Britishaircraftandattackedby a forceofelderly
Wellesleybomb€rs.Without aircover,the Italian shipscould
not survivelong; and during th€ day the destroyerBalrir/t
TIIE FIRST LOSSES developed enginetroubleandwasabandoned.
Admiral Bonetti'sshipswerein actionin 1940.however.and Thesurvivon{ailedto mak€PortSudanby a matteroftwenty
sufferedsignificant lossesat thehandsofthe RoyalNavy.Of his miles or so. Mrrir and Sdurowere overwhelmedby RAF
force of submarines, someof them the largestboals in the bombersi&g/e andPdr?rela. se.iouslydamagedby bombhits,
ItalianNavy,fourwerelostduringthatyear.Gall,axiwas deprh werescuttledby theircrews.Thelastsurvivor,thetorpedoboat
chargedby HMS Fdlnor.4lin the PersianGulfwhilstonpatrol: O6iri. headedbackfor Massawa.but, mortallywoundedby
andin the monthofJunetwo boats\\'erelost.The'Adua class Briiish aircraft-she settled and had to be scuttledbefore
boat Macallewas wreckedon a shoalin the Red Sea. and reachingtheport.
Tonicelli,a\ety large\essel,wasscuttledin the RedSeaafter A dayortwo later,the lastItaliannavalunitsin the Red Sea
beingin actionwith fourBntnh d€stroyers, oneofwhom(HMS wereto meettheirend.Acerri. immobilein port.wasdestroyed
Kra,{orr,) wastobecome a totallossafteraninternalexplosion in an airraid.andthe MAS boatswereblowup with denolition
 41
charges.Within an hour the advancedguard of the British
forcesenteredto take the surrenderof the Port of Massawa
liomAdmiral Bonetti.

WARGAMINGTHEREDSEA
For wargamers ihe navalaspectof the EastAfricancampaign
providesa numberof interesting"What Ifs'.Ifthe ltaliansubs
had been better handledin 1940,then their Massawabase
would, perhaps,have neededsedousattentionby a British
niding forceprior to the invasion.If ltalianshipshadopposed
the Britishwithdrawalfrom Somaliland. thenthe EastAfrican
warcouldhavebeencarriedoverintoArabia.Adencouldhave
beentaken by sufficientlyaggressive action.Neitherof these
thingshappened. Nordid the ltaliansusetheirsurfaceshipsro
opposethe coastalddve on Mogadishufrom Kenya,whenthe
blow Iinally fell. Whencraziani meand€redinto Egyptin the
Autumnof 19u10, d Aostawasexpectedto mountan attackon
lightlyheldSudanwith a navalrighthookon PortSudanandthe
canal.h€ c€rtainlyhadtheshipsto do it.
ln many waysthe lack of offensiveactionfrom the East
AfricanEmpireof Il Duceremainsoneofthe greatenigmasof Pff A HototRfoiPrac€{c(tR
PAf25 SIANOIiGfOOISALL$
the SecondWorld War, for so great a threat did this vast
territoryand its enormousstrengthposethai the Empireand
Commonwealth were scouredto provide sufficienlforce to 13
PAf_ RUMiTiGBACX
A3A[
overwhelmit. The Duke d'Aosta carriedth€ enismato his
grave.for he dredIn Kenyarhe tollowrng )ear.a pnsoneror PATO 3€NCN
IORS€ATEO IOP
PLAYIRS

Evenwhenin desperation Admiral Bonettisenlwhar ships Heroes 40peach(unless

Miniatures stated
otherwise)
25mm scale mstal lisure {unpaintedl
andsubmarines he couldto run the blockade.therewaslittle 300n iimum onodg6uprot3.Ca, r0%0610..hdoeoio'd6 o€' f3.00
thoughtof co ordinatedolfensiveaction.The lastvoyageof rhe Choqu.stoben6dep.y.bleto H€o.sMinbtucs
destroyerflotilla waslittl€ more than a futile gesture,yet an G B I D I R OH E R O E-Sa s e t o l r u l 6 l o r u s e * h e n p l . y i n s A n e r i c a n
Footballwaththemer.ltisur.sisav.al.bleatf2.6oercopv
attackon Aden was feasibleeven at sucha late staee.and
transport\exisred\ufhcientto convoya brigadernanyairtack. 7 Waverley
Place, NottsS802SY
Worksop,
The effectiveMAS boatswerenotused.but couldhavebeen
towedor carriedfor a one,offraid on either the canalor on
warshipsat Aden.At theendofthe da!'it wasnor thequalityof
the ships,nor the courageof the crewsthat failedkaly\ Easr
African navy; but the will and the ability of her senior
commanders to attackherenemies at sea.
K&MTrees
are nowofferinga direct order
M.O.sewiceonall products.
MODELS
PleasesendlargeS.A.E.for colour
Clydesidehave a good 1/1200range of Italian destroyers,
lorpedo boatsand MTBS.This rangealso providessuitable brochures& prices.
RoyalNavyopposition, andsomeusefulmerchantshipsforrhe Minimumorder:!5. Orde$over!10 postfree.
RedSeacampaign. Onlylightshipswere
involved,soa tabletop
actionisquitefeasiblein thisscale. Postage15EoODerseos408a.
ln 1/3000,Navwarproduc€all thal is required,including
harbourinstallations.
A bdef noteon painting.Italianshipsar
4 North Street. Beaminstpr. Dorset DT8 3DZ
this stagewerepaintedlight grey(Humbrol64). with decksa Tet 0308863,t20
darkergrey(Humbrol2T),shipsboatswerewhite,raftsred and

Igarnedthedeathride'ofthe desrroyers on a map,andin rhe

gametwo of the Leone'classarrivedar the canalandscuttled
there: though,as Italian Admiral, I shouldhave thoughtof
packingthe bows with explosivefor better effect! A garne
involving a MAS boat raid on Aden netted two British
transports.a destroyerand a harbourdefenceboat. All the
MAS boats were destroyedin a decidedlyspiriled action,
thoughthe escortingtorpedoboatsmadeit backto Massawa.
flyingboatsto land on oneof the lakesalongthe canal_From
thisgianta 'Biber' onemansubwasto be lowered.This vessel
was lo penetratethe canaland block it by firing ahetwo 21"
rorpedoscarriedinto a suitablelarge warshipor merchant
vessel.Then the pilor would s€uttlehis craft and artemptto
makehiswayhomelA very limitedchanceofsuccess, I would
havethoushtl

EPILOGUE READINGLIST
April 19,11was not rhe lastsuicidalraid olannedon the Suez halianwarshipsof wwll, Aldo Fraccarolli(Ian Allen).
Canalin WWIL Late in 1944.the Germanscane up with the HaileSa assie'sWar, AnthonyMockler(crafton).
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 2|Dm BATTLEPACIG f12 each
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 HOMEGUARDFROMS.D.D.
WILD GEESE
MINIATURES NoBT!oVEFPBoJECTo8(SlnoleBarclledPipsGun)
1204 15Dm 2onm
35p 50p f1.m
I Easbt Grove,Eslon,CleveldndT569Dl NoRTIoVEBPRoJECToR(DoubleBa"elredPipeGun) 35p 50p 11.00
BTACKERBoMBABD{SpiqolMonar) 35p 60p t1.00
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EEAVEBEm MKlAmouredca 50p f1.00 f400
EEAVEnETTE MKlllAmourcdcd 70p t1.50 f450
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16.64 t44.00 8€0F0RD0XS.P.3PDF 70p t3.00 t5.50
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41000 877.AA EwSCHNET$00T coasraruleswirhsep
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ADerlcon Sloctisl tor wlrd Geese: 0UlslDEU(:?O% 0derValue
WEA&EP|MBCUTAAI'ANDACCESIJ
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s.D.D.
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GALfI/ER BrOrOt(S
26 CLn..a Grov.. L.lgfr on SG.. E rax 5S9 I f,O TGl. O,OZ ttra6

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Folb6t6Elqu6sd

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 25MMESSEXANCIENTCHINESEARMY, WRG List 95.62
SIFIED ADS Mount€d, 92 Infantry. See WI45 for photo of figures.
Ads shouldbeaccompaniedb] a chequemadepayable painted,1450ono. PhoneMark (0295)25766?.
Professionally
to Stratagen Publiiations Lra.. l'l to"ers Lane,
Newark,Notts.NC24 lHZ. Ratelsp per word. Please WANTED
tu lTVz% V.A.T. Minimum chaEe: X2.50.
STRATAGEM MAORI RANGE. 1985releases.Royal Navy
Rocket Battery, 1860'sBritish Infantry, N.Z. Volunteers.
FORSALE PhoneChris0661-824021.
CITADEL MIGHTY FORTRESS.Old "Dragon" magazines
GLADIOLUS.THE SOCIETYOF ANCIENTSpresents a same
and "Dungeon" magazines.TSR modulesfor AD&D and
of GladitorialCombatemphasising skill and bluff ratherthan
D&D (eg. CAZl-14, N2-5,GDQ1,7, 13-14,H2, H4 etc).All
dice.Easyto leam, cardbasedcombatand movementsystem
JudgesGuildrnaterial,old Fantasyfiguressought.Chris(0777)
wilh sixGladiatortypes.Seedemonstrations at the 1993Shows. '708262.
Availablefor 14.50 (members13.50)post free from Steve
Neate,50Poundgate, Alron, HantsGU342HL. Orderswill be PAINTINGSERVICE
mailedwithin 28 days.New to the Hobby?Thenaskfor free IMPERIAL FIGURINFS. Professionallypainted wargameand
booklet "START ANCIENT WARGAMING" when you fantasyfiguresto collectorsstandards,from 5mn upwards.
WhetheryourequireI figureor an army,onestandardis given:
350+ BOOKS:Napoleonic,NineteenthCentury,Uniforms, THE BEST! SendS.A.E. and 11.50for lsmm or f3.00 for
Wargaming.S.A.E. to MagentaBooks, I SilcoatesStreet, 25mmsampleand price list to: David Mortlock, 24 Inperial
WakefieldWF2oDU. Drive, cravesend,Kent DA12 4LN. Tel: 0732-823985 (24hr).
CIGARETTE CA-RD REPRINTS. Military sets by famous Overseas enquirieswelcome.
narneslike Players,Wills, and from Americadatingto 19th BACK BY POPULAR DEMAND. Figure painting by Dave
Century.SubjectsincludeBritish Regiments,Aircraft, Naval, Livesey.Top qualityLOW LOW prices.As usualIntemational
Waterloo,ACW, AmericanRevolution.From13.50,alsosold Orderswelcome.!l for sanpleand price list to: 20 Pheasant
in albums or framed. Example: "Great American Indian Close.Oakwood,warringtonwA3 6RJ.
Chiefs",originallyprinted 1888,set of 50 cards,t8 including vMDHUE: A friendlyhighqualityfigurepaintingservicewith
post, framed set al 127.95.Phone{or detailsand free list. totallyreasonable prices.For delailsandsamplesendS.A. E. !1
0272-611009 . for 15mm,fi for 25mm to: Vivjd Hue, 95A High Street,
UNPAINTED 25nm WARGAMES FOUNDRY MARLBU- LincolnLN5 7QW.
RIANS.24 Cavalry,70Infantry,2 Gunsand 8 Gunners,t60. M.K.B. 25mmFIGURE PAINTING SERVICE.Exceptional
Also 40 SwedishInfantry fl6. Telephone:(0638) 713860 standard,competitiveprices.ExamplesofworkseeWI62page
2. Pricelist sendS.A.E. to 653JamesReckittAvenue.Hull.
25mn ACW FIGS. Very well painted,from !1 each. Tel: HU80LR. Tel: 0482'782126.
0642243863. PHIL PAINTSANYTHINGBUTCEILINGS!Efficient,quality
LARGE COLLECTION AIRFIX/ESCI HO/OO painiingservice,all periods,all sizes.PhonePhil on Cardiff
NAPOLEONICS, 650+ sets.19.000Foot.2.000Mounted.350 (0222)23r1'75.
Cannon.!1,500ono.Tony 092-820969. VALIIALLA. Very high standardpaintingservice.Ancients
25rnn NAPOLEONICAUSTRIAN MINIFIGS: 1 Mounted andNapoleonics a speciality.SendS.A.E. and !1 for sanple
Officer, 12 Uhlans,12 Dragoons.70 Infantry, I Cannonand andpri€elist. Chequesetc. lo: David Thompson,109Salten
Crew- all paintedandbased f110. ContactGaryClarke,l3T Road,Gosforth,Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE3 1DU.
Mulehouse Road,Crookes,SheffieldSr0lTD. (0?42)670013. SOYOU'VESEENTHE REST.Now seethe bestforpriceand
HEROTC'SFRENCH GRANDE ARMEE omm. Painled. quality,sendll.50forprice listandsampleto: Sergeant's Mess,
based,4200Infantry, 1200Cavlary,40 Guns,t350 ono. Also Unit 28, RivingtonHouse,ChorleyNew Road,HorwichBL6
IrnperialRonan I.10. Alexandrian140. ByzantineI35. Tel: 5UE or phone0204-668197.
0s36-82572. DtrLUXEMINIATURESPAINTINGSERVICES.Professional
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Scale.Ancient, Medieval,30YW, 7YW, AWI, Napoleonic, and sample.Chequesetc payableto: Deluxe Miniatures,5
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Vietnam.SendS.A.E. for list. Pleasestateperiod required. WARPAINT PROFESSIONAL PAINTING SERVICE. AII
Ne$ Figures.Revell NapoleonicFrenchGuard Grenadien. scales to highstandardsat conpetitiveprices.SendSAE and!1
Tel: 0271-'7'1751
afret2pm.A. Peddle,Sunnymead, 4 Braunton coin for sampleand list to: warpaint, 106WoodlandsRoad,
Road.BarnstaDle. N. DevonEX31 iJY. Ha'e\rinch. Sr.Helens.Ver\eysrde WAI I qAC.
ATLANTIC t72 DISCONTINUED BOXED SETS. Far West. COVENANTER PAINTING SERVICtr IIAS NOW MOVED.
WW2, Modern. Send SAE for list to 222 Hagden Lane, To all our cuslomersold and new contact:Ian Ramage,47
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60 INTERNAL SECURITY FIGURES. 20mm Metal BNtish
QUALITY PAINTINGSERVICE.Quickandreliable.SendIl
Army, PoliceandTerroristsircluding30 painted.I25.00-Tell for colour brochureto: Barfy Lee, I The Villas, Southrop,
0978-351564. Glos.GL7 3PG.
20nm WWII COLLECTION. Almost 650 figures (netal), WAYNE'SWARRIORSPAINTINGSERVICE.All periodsat
AFU's, mostlyprofessionallypainted,superb.1750or will split. competitiveprices.:l chequeand S.A.E. for sampleand list,
Also 25mmMedievals,ACW, PonyWars,Extensivelistson payableto: w. Millard, 2 woodwardDrive, LongvellGreen,
Requesl.Wanted:Good7YW figures.0272-611009. Bristol.Avon BS155HR. Te| (212-32(A01.
THE PRMTE: Britain\ newestand best board warSaming TRIPLE slx professionalpaintine servic€of high quality
newsletter.24 pagesevery F o months.f6 buys six issues. figures.ANY SIZE,cornpetitively priced.SendSAE and!1 for
Chequesto D. Maclean,do l22A CentralRoad,Worcesler Listsand sampl€.30 ClasgowStreet,Northampton.Tel 0604
Park,SurrevKT4 8HT. 583370.
 PLAY.BY-MAIL
G.J.M.FIGURINES
PLAY POSTAL DIPLOMACY th€ classic boardgame. Waryam€€ FiguEspainl€dIo coll€ctorsslandard,
Negotiations,lies and intigue, from only 60p per month- smh lo SOhm-5mmemde lrs silh SAEor s lFCs.
ContactStephenAgar, 79 FlorenceRoad, Brighton, East
a Fll 3ampl6l srnmfgu.€ andlislsend e1,95or !2.95
BNl 6DL for details.
Sussex, &lrt lor 25mmsamplefrgw€,payaueto GerardCronjn,
2,l ChelsdeldMs*s, Sranto.Clos€,Olpington,
K€nI,BF54FN Nobnrid.ohomnuhb.r
SERVICFA E 5mmasp€oaly. T.bpho..:0689l20l 15e4n4
FRf,ELANCE FIGIIRE DESIGNER. l5-30mm, a[ peiods UScurionerl plers€3€nd35blllior lsmm s€mple' list
PhoneBarryI-eeon 0367-85507,
considered. anytjme.
WINTER GAMING WEEKENDS.Pa(ies of up to six persons. WARGAMES FIGURES PAINTED
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THE LAST DETAIL
SCENICS 196 ParlauntRodd,Lanqlev.Slouqh,BerkshireStii 8M
BATTLEMENTS.Quality hand-mademodel buildingsand S.O.D.SARE DEAD - LONG LM S.O.D.S.Thereare few
te[ain, madeto order, all periodsand scalesundertaken- wargamers whodo not nowknowthatto seea largescale25mm
excellenttraditionof craftsmanship and attentionto historic Napoleonicwargameat a show,they havemerelyto spotthe
detailfor wargamers, museums andcollectors.
Sendfor leaflet: distinctiveyellowshirtsofthe SellyOak & DistrictSocietyfor
JamesMain. BATTLEMENTS, Sextons,Bunwell, Norwich Wargaming, basedin Birmingham,usingthelatePetercilder's
NR161NB. "In The Grand Manner" rules.The S.O.D.S.were amicably
REALISTIC SCENERY AT REALISTIC PRICFS. Send disbanded duringDecenber1992,but beforeyou all lament
S.A.E. for list to: Micro Scenics,33 Cole Lane, Ivybridge, the passingof this renownedinstitution pleasenotethat the
DevonPL21oPN. remainingBimingham based'corc members'havereformed
IAN WEEKLEY MODf,LS See our excellent new range of S.O.D.S.and no\r enjoy pemaneflt premisesar the rear of
wargames sceneryassoldby The Barracks,GladiatorGames, "CeeBee"printers,1857,Pershore Road,Cotteridge, Birming-
and The Guardroom."Your productsare the best on the ham. The room is available24 hrs a day, andsportsa 16' x 6'
market". (The Barlacks,17 February1993).well - I like to table.In additiontotheirusualNapoleoni€s, thereis a growing
think they arel Seethen at the major shows,or in caseof interestin Warsof the Roses.Mechanoids& l5nm A.C.W.
difficultv teleDhonelan on0603-279108. using"Fire & Fury" rules.The newsecretary isB.R. Southwell,
CLUBS& SOCIETIES 23 QuinceDrive, Erdington,BirminghamB24 9LX and new
membersarewelcorne.
TIIE SOCIETYOF ANCIENTS.Interestedin Ancienr and \T'E A]M TO BE TIIE BEST _ MEREDITH'S BRIGADE,
Medieval Wargaming? Then join the SOCIETY OF Actively seeksnew recruits and veteran re-enactorsboth
ANCIENTS, now in 28thYear. Subscription bringssix issues infantry, adllery and musiciansover 17. We have rec€ntly
'SLINGSHOT" 36 pagesoI articles,reviews,leters
and acquiredhamessandareplanningtomountthebattery.People
historicalwargamingin our period. Send f12.50 UK, {14 with horsesand./orexperience in suchan endeavour especially
Surface elsewhere,quotingWARGAMES ILLUSTRATED to sought.Ourinfantryelementdepicta tpicallron Bigade unit
MembershipOf6cer,PeterBarham,47 WalkerDrive, Leigh, on campaignprior to Gettysburg1863.The willingnessto
on-Sea,EssexSS93QT. Januaryand March issuesmailed procureautheniicperioddressessential. ContactJohnHopper
within28days. on 0933-273318.
TIIE SACRAMENTO AREA GAMING ASSOCIATION 'CLASH OF IIELMETS' is a new wargamesclub founded in
(SAGA) is largest and oldest club in the area. We run Redditch.The club specialises in AmericanFootballfigure
miniatures,board-games,and roll-playinggames.Periods gamingand boardgaming.New tull and affiliatedmembers
include,but are not limitedto SYW, WWII, ACW, Ancienis, welcome.For more details contact Mr A. Orbison. 114
andWWI air. We havebeenin the samelocationfor the last4 PlynouthRoad,Southcrest, Redditch,WorcsB974PA.
years.Thereis foodanddrink, non-alcoholic, availableon,site. FOLLOWING OIJ'RAGM. the membe$hiDof the committe€
Thereis plentyof tablespaceandthe siteis welllit. Visitoff areof the ScimitarWargamesGroup haschanged.The secretary
wel€ome.Feesare $2.00for non-members to play,pay if you now is RichardMadder,79, UlverscroftRoad,Cheylesmore,
play only, or $15.00yearly for membenhip.Membership CoventrvCv3 5EJ(0203)504194.
benefitsincludeno feeforplaying,hobbyshopdiscounts anda
newsletter.We meeton the lst and3rdSaturdays oI eachmonth
from 4Dmto 1am.For moreinformationcall Mike O'Brienat FORTHCOMINGEVENTS
(916)368-0739. YEOYIL WARGAMES GROUP CONVENTION '93 will be
MACCLESI'IELD WARGAMFJ CLUB. A new club playingall held from lOamto 5pm on Saturday,3rd April at Marston
periods. For more information phone Geoff Webb on (0625) Magna Village Hall, off the A359 between Yeovil and
424313,GrahamWillmotton (0625)511763 or SteveYeateson Spankford.ContactJohnTuckeyon 0935-840537.
(0625)613406. CALL TO ARMS '93. APRIL 23-25,193. Plumber'sUnion
THE WEST KENT WARGAMERS held their first AGM on Hall, 8600Hill€rest,KansasCity, MO. Histoical Warganing
25th January.Astonishingly,all three Committeemembers in Miniature, sponsoredby Heart of America Historical
(Paul Syms,Bemard Garaty and Clive Mcl€od) were re, MiniatureGamingSociety.Eventswill include:Napoleonics,
electedunopposedand threatened
to continueto run theclubas AmericanCivil War. World War II. WRG AncientsTouma-
in the previousyearlTheclublooksforwardto welcomingnew ment,DBA, Renahsance, Fire andFury,CommandDecision,
membe^in 1993andprcspective membelsmay beinterestedto NavalActions,andmanymore.All periodsrepresented in a[
know that we maintaina no-smokingpolicy at the meetings. scales. If a battlehaseverbeenfoughtyoucanprobablyfindit in
The West Kent Wargamersmeet in Tonbridgeon alternate miniatureat "Call To Armd'. Many specialdealers*ill be on
Monday eveningsfrom 7pm onwards.For further detaih phone handto supplyyour everywargameneed.Miniatures,books,
Bema.dGamty(0732-365499) orCliveMcleod (0732,350676).rules, paints,dice, scenery,etc. Specialdrawingsfor door
 SHQ*.''*"'
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34COPELANDCLOSE,BASINGSTOM
HANTS RG224JX
MAIL ORDERONLY
CHELIFERBOOKS
Mike Smith
Todd Close,Curthwaite,Wigton, Cumbria
Tel: 0228 711388 SCIIEMATICA SOFTWARE
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dercdfolFiemayb?byb@dsideold&kbyd*t
convenlion.Admission: HMGS Member Weekend Pass,
$10.00, HMGS Member Day Pass, $5.00, Non-Mernber
weekendPass,$20.00,Non-MemberDay Pass,$10.00.Hean
of Ameri€aHMGS membershipdues, $10.00.Visitors are
alwayswelcone! we areacceptingapplications forgarnejudges
and deal€rspac€.lf you would like to be a part of "Call To
ArmJ'contact: DaveGrosdeck,10100W. 51st,Meniam, KS
66203,(213)384-r2so. E. PICK,62EANI(BOITOM.EADFIEID,
ei. EYDE,CEESEIRE
S(14 aEx
FISTICUFFS93. The Levellers are holding their annual
conventionon the weekendof the lst/2nd May 1993at the
Drama Hall, weymouth College, Cranford Avenue,
weymouth.The acc€ntof the weekendwill be 'Participation'
games,regularwargamerscan play somenew and unusual
gamesaswell asold favourites,alsomeetnewandold friends. IA\ I't't I ft I at tt rre s
The non-wargam€r will find a friendlyandin.eresting
introdu€-
tion to a new hobby.A 15mmAncientsDoublescompetition
will b€ run and there are trophiesfor rhe winningpair and
runnersup. Entryformsavaitabl€ on request.Therewil alsobe
r€fr€shments at r€asonable prices.tradestands,a Bring& Buy
andDemonstration games.Ifanyclub wouldlike toput on any
type of gamethey will be most welcome.Admissionwill be
f1.50 per day or !2.50 for both days.Openingtimes10.00am Hrddddan & 8...w 2smm
until5.00pm.Tradersto €onta€t:M. Goddard,36Knightsdale E'doi!|mo.lnfPJdlaok
ro,d6r''3." " o r{- n:o" ooio, v.\e f.is...F1oo..a RJodt. odl
Road,WeymouthDT4 oHG; Generalinformation:D. Howes
0305-834917. Competirionlistslo: S. Hacker,79The Worthys,
BradlyStokeSourh,BristolBS128DQ. Competitionfeesto: P. tuid^rb6,wrd^.4o.rfuEhor,M ;[4!h,clddr*incL6e,.LlN*Bte.
Frith. 101AAlma Road.winton. Bournemouth.
nll)orgo*roflourdry
Our phonenumbeti3 0602792qt2 Oul Fax numberls 0602792209
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lNewreprinll t13.95
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